初中英语英美文化英语小常识素材
英语小常识
1. Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch procejt at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosnt mttaer waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter.
剑桥大学的研究表明：单词中字母的顺序如何不重要，重要的是第一个和最后一个字母的位置。这是因为大脑在阅读时不会读到所有字母。
2. WAS IT A CAR OR A CAT I SAW.. 'WAS IT A CAR OR A CAT ISAW'.. This is the only English sentence which even if we read in reverse, it'll give the same sentence. “WAS IT A CAR OR A CAT I SAW”（我看到的是一辆车还是一只猫）这是英语(精品课)中唯一一句反过来念还是一样的句子。
3. "Goodbye" came from "God bye" which came from "God be with you."
英语单词“Goodbye”来自于“God bye”，原意是“上帝与你同在”。
4. The sentence "The quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog." uses every letter of the alphabet!
“The quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog.”（这只敏捷的棕色狐狸跳过了一只懒狗）这句话用到了字母表中的所有字母！
5. 'Go', is the shortest complete sentence in the English language.
“Go”是英语中最短的完整句子。
6. The onion is named after the Latin word 'unio' meaning large pearl.
单词“onion”（洋葱）来自于拉丁词“unio”，意思是大珍珠。
7. The word Tips is actually an acronym standing for 'To Insure Prompt Service'. 单词“tips”（小费）实际上是“To Insure Prompt Service”（保障快捷的服务）的首字母缩写！
8. The phrase 'rule of thumb' is derived from and old English law which stated that you couldn't beat your wife with anything wider than your thumb.
词组“rule of thumb”（经验法则），是从一条古老的英国法律中来的，即：不能用超过大拇指粗细的东西打老婆。
9. The longest word in the English language is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconioses!
英语中最长的单词是“pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconioses”（硅酸盐沉着病）！
10. More people in China speak English than in the United States.
会说英语的中国人比会说英语的美国人还多。
11. The word "listen" contains the same letters as "silent."
单词“listen”（听）和“silent”（安静的）用到了一样的字母。
12. Hoover vacuum cleaners were so popular in the UK that many people now refer to vacuuming as hoovering.
胡佛真空吸尘器在英国曾经非常流行，到现在很多人还把“vacuuming”（吸尘）说成“hoovering”（胡佛ing…）。
13. Stressed is Desserts spelled backwards.
“Stressed”（压力）倒过来拼就是“Desserts”（点心）。
14. The most used letter in the English alphabet is 'E', and 'Q' is the least used! 英语中使用最多的字母是“E”，用得最少的是“Q”。
15. Ernest Vincent Wright wrote a novel, "Gadsby", which contains over 50,000 words -- none of them with the letter E!
作家厄尔尼斯特·文森特·莱特曾经写过一篇5万字的小说《葛士比》，里面没有一个字母“E”！
英美文化考题翻译
UK Unit 1 The COUNTRY 1. Read the following statements carefully and then decide whether they are true or false. Put a “T” if you think the statement is true and an “F” if it is not. United Kingdom and Northern Island is located in northern Europe. ( F )英国和北爱尔兰坐落在北欧。 （注：北爱尔兰是英国的一部分，而英国位于西欧，即Western Europe，是一个岛国） 2.The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions ------ England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. ( F ) 英国包含四个政治分区，分别是英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰。 （注：爱尔兰是西欧的一个国家，此处应为“北爱尔兰”即Norther Island，这才是英国的一个地区。） 3.England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles. ( F ) 英格兰是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿之一。 （注：不列颠群岛包括大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛、马恩岛及附近的5 500多个小岛； 英国全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，有大不列颠岛上的英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰岛上的北爱尔兰组成。大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛才是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿，英格兰是大不列颠岛上的岛屿之一。） 4.The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones. ( F )不列颠群岛由三个大岛屿和许多小岛屿组成。 （注：由两个大岛屿和其他小岛组成，大岛屿为大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛） 5.Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain. ( F ) 威尔士坐落在大不列颠岛的东海岸。
英美文化概况之英国篇
英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西
英美文化教学大纲
《英美文化》教学大纲 课程名称：英美文化适用层次、专业：英语本科 学时：64 学分： 4 课程类型：选修课程性质：专业方向课 先修课程：（无要求） 一、课程的教学目标与任务 本课程适合英语专业二、三年级学生。开设本课程的目的在于使学生通过学习，能够比较全面地了解英美国家的各种基本情况和制度，学会与之相关的英语语汇和表达方式。 本课程涵盖量较大，要让学生在较短的时间内完全了解英美两国的具体情况是无法做到的。因此，在进行本课程的教学时，应注意以下几点： 1．学生在课外多收集关于英美两国的资料，有助于充分理解各个部分的知识。 2. 教师除了进行课堂讲解外，还应多提供一些知识内容有关的资料。 3.要求学生做好课前预习和课后知识的巩固。 二、课程讲授内容 英国部分（总学时:32学时；理论学时：32;实验学时：无） Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom（2学时） 1.具体内容： After learning this chapter, students should have a knowledge of 1) British history of invasions and the influence of each invasion on English culture; 2) the general characteristics of each part of the UK; 3)some political problems in Northern Island and the causes for the problems 2. 基本要求： 了解英国的历史概况和四个组成部分的地方特色。 3. 教学重点与难点: the effects of its imperial past; a member of the European Union; a significant role of London; cultural and economic dominance of England; invasion from the Roman Empire; settlement of the Anglo-Saxons; strong Scottish identity; Brief introduction to
英美文化在英语教学中的应用
英美文化在英语教学中的应用 摘要：随着全球化趋势的加剧，越来越要求我们克服文化差异，顺利实现跨文 化交际，新的《英语课程标准》和近几年的高考试题也明显体现了这方面的要求。如何在日常的高中英语教学中渗透文化教学已成为每位高中英语教师必须解决的 课题。本文结合高中英语教学实际，对此进行了有益的探讨，具有较强的可操作性。 关键词：文化交流；英语教学；文化意识 在英语教学中渗透文化教育是基础教育阶段英语课程的重要任务之一。基础教育阶段， 英语课程使用的教材是学生学习和教师教学的重要内容和手段。这套教材将中国文化与英美 文化交织在一起，因此，在教学中要充分发掘教材，渗透文化教育，使语言技能的教学和文 化意识的培养同步进行，使学生在学习英语的过程中了解英语国家的文化，发展跨文化交际 的意识和能力。 一、高中英语教学中渗透文化教学的必要性 众所周知，21世纪是全球化的时代，精神和物质产品的加速流通，将世界各个民族纳入 到一个共同的“地球村”中，国际间的政治、经济和文化交往越来越频繁，已经成为各民族生 活中不可或缺的部分。然而，国际交往的顺利实现，除了要求我们具备基本的听、说、读、 写这些外语技能，还要求我们必须要对渗透在外语中的外国文化有较深入的了解。文化差异 是跨文化交际的障碍，克服文化差异造成的交际障碍已经成为整个世界共同面临的问题。作 为当前英语课程改革实践中的一线教师，要想让今天的受教育者在将来能够顺利完成其交际 活动，就必须增强文化思维的观念，将语言教学和文化渗透有机结合起来，否则就必然造成 日后交际上的重大失误。 在高中英语教学中导入文化背景知识、培养学生的跨文化交际能力、培养学生文化意识、增强对文化差异的敏感性和鉴赏能力，已成为现代英语教学的重要目的之一。教育部颁布的《英语课程标准》已把“提高对中外文化异同的敏感性和鉴别能力，进而提高跨文化交际能力”列入高中英语课程的内容和目标之中。《英语课程标准》指出，文化主要指英语国家的历史、地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范和价值观念等。所以教师要在 课内外着重上述文化内容的渗透。《英语课程标准》也列出了在高中英语学习阶段要达到的七、八级目标，其中七级为必须达到的目标。以下是七级目标描述：1.理解英语中的常用成 语和俗语极其文化内涵；2.理解英语交际中的常用典故和传说；3.了解英语国家主要的文学家、艺术家、科学家、政治家的成就、贡献等。4.初步了解主要英语国家的政治和经济等方 面的情况；5.了解英语国家中主要大众传播媒体的情况；6.了解主要英语国家人们与中国人 生活方式的异同；7.了解英语国家人们在行为举止和待人接物等方面与中国人的异同；8.了 解英语国家的主要宗教传统；9.通过学习英语了解世界文化，培养世界意识；10.通过中外文 化对比加深对中国文化的理解。 与此相适应，近年的高考英语试题更是在文化背景知识和语言运用实践性方面有了明显 的延伸和拓展。试题内容更贴近生活，反映着当前社会包括国际社会的各种新问题和新内容。同时，在语言运用方面提出了更高的要求，在获取信息方面要求阅读原汁原味的英文，这里 就既有语言是否地道、标准的问题，也有关于文化氛围和背景的问题。高考命题的走势说明 了一个简单的事实，即学习英语不可能仅仅学习语言，它必须与学习文化同步进行。 二、英美文化对高中教学的作用 学习英语不能不注意中国和西方的差异文化，否则会引起不必要的误会。在英语教学中，可以常常发现毫元恶意的语言会使对方惊讶或愤怒，简单的一句话会使一方捧腹大笑，而另 一方则全然不知其幽默所在。如果了解了这些不同的英美文化背景，就不会产生这些误会了。 英美文化除了对口语教学及交际至关重要外，对英语教学中的其他内容，如听力、阅读 及翻译写作也有影响。在英语听力教学中，常常发现学生在听力训练上花费的工夫不少，但 成果却不如人意。其中一个重要原因就是对英美文化了解太少。如与英美文化有关的材料， 即使内容简单，有时也只是听明白了字面意思不能了解真正的内涵。 英美文化在英语阅斗中也起着重要的作用。如果不了解英美文化背景，在英语学习中同
初中英语英美文化中英美文化常识素材【word版】.doc
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Unit 4 英美文化欣赏-精选教学文档
【导读】《彼得·潘》是20世纪最伟大的童话巨著之一，是英国著名小说家、剧作家詹姆斯·巴里最著名的作品。这部充满想象与冒险的经典儿童故事，叙述了温迪和彼得·潘等几个小孩在梦幻岛的奇遇。故事创造了一个让孩子们十分憧憬的童话世界——梦幻岛，对孩子们来说，这是一种最纯朴、最天然的境界。 Peter and Wendy (excerpt) All children，except one，grow up.They soon know that they will grow up，and the way Wendy knew was this.One day when she was two years old she was playing in a garden，and she plucked another flower and ran with it to her mother.I suppose she must have looked rather delightful，for Mrs Darling put her hand to her heart and cried，“Oh，why can't you remain like this for ever！” This was all that passed between them on the subject，but henceforth Wendy knew that she must grow up.You always know after you are two.Two is the beginning of the end. Of course they lived at 14 (their house number on their street)，and until Wendy came her mother was the chief one.She was a lovely lady，with a romantic mind and such a sweet mocking mouth.Her romantic mind was like the tiny boxes，one within the other，that come from the puzzling East，however many you discover there is always one more；and her sweet mocking mouth had one kiss on it that Wendy could never get，though there is was，perfectly conspicuous in the right-hand corner. The way Mr Darling won her was this：the many gentlemen who had been boys when she was a girl discovered simultaneously that they loved her，and they all ran to her house to propose to her except Mr Darling，who took a cab and nipped in first，and so he got her.He got all of her，except the innermost box and the kiss.He never knew about the box，and in time he gave up trying for the kiss.Wendy thought Napoleon could have got it，but I can picture him trying，and then going off in a passion，slamming the door. 彼得·潘(节选) 所有的孩子都要长大的，只有一个例外。所有的孩子很快都知道他们将要长大成人。温迪是这样知道的：她两岁的时候，有一天在花园里玩，她摘了一朵花，
初中英语课文朗读
初中英语诗歌朗诵稿（1）： looking up at the stars, i know quite well 仰望群星的时分，我一清二楚，that, for all they care, i can go to hell, 尽管它们关怀备至，我亦有可能赴地府， but on earth indifference is the least 可是尘世间我们丝毫不必畏惧 we have to dread from man or beast. 人类或禽兽的那份冷漠。 how should we like it were stars to burn 倘若群星燃烧着关怀我们的激情，with a passion for us we could not return? 我们却无法回报，我们作何感想？ if equal affection cannot be, 倘若无法产生同样的感情， let the more loving one be me. 让我成为更有爱心的人。 admirer as i think i am 尽管我自视为群星的崇拜者， of stars that do not give a damn, 它们满不在乎， i cannot, now i see them ,say 现在我看群星，我却难以启齿， i missed one terribly all day. 说我成天思念一颗星星。 were all stars to disappear or die 倘若所有的星星消失或者消亡， i should learn to look at an empty sky 我应该学会仰望空荡的天空， and feel its total dark sublime, 同时感受天空一片漆黑的崇高， though this might take me a little time. 虽然这样可能要花费一点时间。
英美文化知识小点总结
Historic events 一)Hundred Years’ war 百年战争 It was a series of separate conflicts between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. Time: From1337 to 1543 The war is commonly divided into three or four phases, separated by various unsuccessful truces: ①the Edwardian War (1337–1360); ②the Caroline War (1369–1389); ③the Lancastrian War (1415–1453); Cause: The background to the conflict is to be found in 1066, when William, Duke of Normandy, led an invasion of England. He defeated the English King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, and had himself crowned King of England. As Duke of Normandy, he remained a vassal of the French King, and was required to swear fealty to the latter for his lands in France; for a king to swear fealty to another king was considered humiliating, and the Norman Kings of England generally attempted to avoid the service. On the French side, the Capetian monarchs resented a neighboring king holding lands within their own realm, and sought to neutralize the threat England now posed to France The King of England directly ruled more territory on the continent than did the King of France himself. This situation – in which the kings of England owed vassalage to a ruler who was de facto much weaker – was a cause of continual conflict. John of England inherited this great estate from King Richard I. However, Philip II of France acted decisively to exploit the weaknesses of King John, both legally and militarily, and by 1204 had succeeded in wresting control of most of the ancient territorial possessions. Significance: The Hundred Years' War was a time of military evolution. Weapons, tactics, army structure, and the societal meaning of war all changed, partly in response to the demands of the war, partly through advancement in technology, and partly through lessons that warfare taught. The war also stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it also awakened French nationalism. The Hundred Years' War accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a centralized state. The conflict became one of not just English and French kings but one between the English and French peoples. There were constant rumours in England that the French meant to invade and destroy the English language. National feeling that emerged out of such rumours unified both France and England further. The Hundred Years War basically confirmed the fall of the French language in England, which had served as the language of the ruling classes and commerce there from the time of the Norman Conquest until 1362 Important Figures: England King Edward III 1327–1377 Edward II's son
英美文化部分名词解释
The Cold War （冷战） By the end of WWⅡ, the United States, which had not suffered as much as other allied countries, because the strongest country in the world. As the possessor of atomic tombs and much of the world’s gold reserve and industrial production in its hand, the policy-makers of the US wanted a world order dominated by the US, a world market free and open to American goods and services. In pursuing this goal, the US encountered determined resistance from the Soviet Union. Gradually the two wartime allies fell apart and the Cold War began. Mrs. Thatcher （撤切尔主义） Thatcherism referred to the policies put forward by Margaret Thatcher, the first woman prime minister in England in 1979. The main contents of her policies included the return to private ownership of state-owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order. To some extent her program was successful and she led one of the most remarkable periods in the British economy. Service industries （服务业） They are industries that sell a service rather than make a product，which now dominate the economy. Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants. As more and more people are employed in service industries in the US, it is sometimes said the US has moved into a “post-industrial era”. Regionalism (地方主义) As pioneers settled new territories in the West, writers now focused on the differences between the various regions of the United States rather than on a single vision of the expanding country. Stock （股票） When starting or expanding business, corporations need to borrow money. They may issue stocks for people to buy. When people buy stock, they become part owner of the company. If the company makes a profit, they receive a share of it. Likewise, if the company loses money, the stockholders will not make a profit or the value of their shares will drop—they lose money. Therefore buying stock is a risk. Three Faiths in the US （三大信仰） By the 1950s, the three faiths model of American religion had developed. Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish. In terms of numbers, the Protestants are the strongest, the Catholics are next to the Protestants and Jewish are the smallest among
初中英语必背课文word版本
1Where’s my backpack? Dear Feifei, Please take these things to your sister: her hat, watch, notebook, keys and ID card. The hat is on the dresser. The watch is under the bed. The note book is on the bed. The keys are in the drawer. The ID card is on the table. Thanks Grandma 2Do you have a soccer ball? A: Let’s play soccer. B: I don’t have a soccer ball. A: Well, let’s play volleyball. B: That sounds good. 3Do you like bananas? Runner eats well! Runner star Sandra Clark eats lots of healthy food. For breakfast, she likes eggs, bananas, and apples. For lunch, she likes hamburgers, salad, and pears. And for dinner, she has chicken, tomatoes, French fries and, for dessert, ice cream. 1
4How much are these pants? Clerk: Can I help you? Mary: Yes, please. I want a sweater. Clerk: What color do you want? Mary: Blue. Clerk: Here you are. Mary: How much is it? Clerk: 20 dollars. Mary: I’ll take it. Thanks. Clerk: You’re welcome. 5Do you want to go to a movie? I often go to the movies with my friend, Mike. My favorite actor is Paul Jackson. He has a new movie, My Father’s Birthday. It’s a very funny comedy. Mike likes the actor Rich Smith. He really likes his movie, Black September. It’s a ver y successful thriller, but I think it’s boring. One interesting thing: mike is English, but he likes Beijing Opera! He often goes to see Beijing Opera on weekends. Mike’s father likes it, too! 2
英美文化小常识
英美文化小常识 01、英美姓名常识 姓名是社会成员的符号或标记。英美人的姓名是名在前，姓在后，过去人们在翻译外国人姓名时，为了迁就中国人的习惯，有时候把英美人的姓名也写成姓在前，名在后。如，Bernard Shaw，译成“肖·伯纳”实则是没有必要，现在多译成“伯纳·肖”，这就比较符合英美人的表达习惯。 02、英美礼仪 美国人请客：美国人喜欢在家里款待客人（guest）而不是在餐馆（restaurant）里。 美国人想请客吃饭，一般要事先与客人协商好，安排好时间（when）和地点（where）。 美国人在家里请客多半不拘礼节，一般采用家庭式，即一盘盘的食品一个人一个人地递过来，或者由坐在餐桌两端的主人（host）或女主人（hostess）给客人端上饭菜，全家大小和客人一起吃，一般是妻子（wife）做菜（dish），丈夫调鸡尾酒（cocktail）。如果因宗教或其他原因，有些饭菜不能吃，客人可将其留在盘子里，或事先对主人说明哪些东西不能吃。 03、英美人“手势语”种种 在人类的语言交流中，手语是必不可少的手段之一，作为“无声语言”的手语，其表意比重约为百分之21，因此，请正确运用
手语。 （1）在美国，如你站在公路边跷起大拇指，则表示要求搭车。（2）如在交谈中两手摊开，一耸肩，伴有一声“嗯呵”，则表示无可奈何的意思。 （3）中国人在对外交往中，最容易让人反感的动作之一就是说话不经意地用食指指着对方，其实，这个动作一来不雅观，二来对欧美国家的人来说相当不礼貌。原来这是一种非礼貌的责骂，数落别人的动作。 (4)用大拇指和食指围成一个圆圈，这个手势早已家喻户晓，它的意思是OK好的，而竖起食指和中指形成个“V”字形，意思则是“胜利”（victory）。 (5) 用手伸向被唤者，手心向上，握拳并伸出食指前后摇动，表示叫对方过来。 （6）把左掌心放在胸前，身体略前倾，表示真诚。 04、西方人交往“七不问” （1）年龄：西方人大都把希望自己在对方眼中显得年轻，对自己的实际年龄讳莫如深，妇女更是如此，她们过了24后就再也不会告诉他人自己的年龄了。 （2）婚姻：西方人认为婚姻纯属个人隐私，向他人询问时不礼貌的。若是向异性打听婚否，则有对方关心过甚之嫌。 （3）收入：西方人将此视为个人脸面，因此它与个人的能力和地位有关。不仅收入不宜谈论，住宅、财产、服饰等体现个人状
《英美文化》教学大纲
《英语演讲》教学大纲 课程编号：课程类型： 课程名称：英语演讲英文名称：Public Speaking in English 学分：适用专业： 第一部分大纲说明 一、课程的性质、目的和任务 本课程向学生传授英语演讲的基本知识和演讲稿撰写技巧，通过对著名经典演讲词的学习鉴赏，了解英语演讲的目的、功能和修辞手段，通过对现代名人演讲词的赏析，了解当代演讲词的结构、风格和修辞特征；通过学习赏析和演讲实践，提高学生撰写演讲稿和进行即兴演讲的能力。目的是为了让学生了解英语演讲技巧及其发展的历史；从理论上与实践上提高学生在公共场合的英语演讲能力，使他们能够富有逻辑地、说服力地、艺术性地、策略性地、感人地、幽默地、流利地表达自己的观点，成功地说服听众；训练提高学生的语言表现力，为后期的口译课程打下基础；学会演讲稿的写作方法；学会利用现代技术进行演讲；通过分析中外名家的演讲，让学生了解演讲中的中西文化差异。 二、课程的基本要求 1.知识要求： 了解：通过本课程学习，初步掌握英语正式演讲和即兴口头演讲的基本知识。 熟悉：经典和功能性演讲材料，欧美英语文化特色，中西文化差异及其产生的根源。 掌握：正式演讲和即兴演讲的基本要求。 2.能力要求： 简单运用：进一步提高学生组织思想和口头表达能力。 熟练运用：凭借个人现有的英语基础，通过本课程实践，提高进行得体的功能性即兴演讲的能力。 三、本课程与相关课程的联系 作为一门英语基础课程，学生在学习本课程前需具备一定的语言基础和较好的阅读理解能力。因此，参加本课程学习的学生学习过《基础英语》、《高级英语》、《英语语法学》《英语视听》和《英美文化》等课程，其后续课程主要有：《英语口译》等。
英语短文朗读
Passages for Reading 1. Smoking It is known to all that smoking is bad for health. Scientific research show that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other problem. The World Health Organization says diseases linked to smoking kill at least two million five-hundred-thousand persons each year. Still, many people find it difficult to stop smoking. One reason is that smoking usually becomes a habitual behavior, and habits, whether good or bad are not easy to be given up. Another reason is the effect of nicotine, the substance found in cigarettes works on people somewhat as drugs do. Measures have been taken to help people keep away from the harm of smoking. In many cities, smoking is forbidden in public places. The danger of smoking is warned of everywhere. And newspapers are asked not to publish advertisements for cigarettes. World "No Tobacco Day" is observed every year as the biggest campaign against smoking. 2. My First Job Before I started at university, I took my first job as a waitress in a nice restaurant. At the night before my first day, I was too excited to go to sleep and as a result, I got up late in the morning. I threw on my clothes and rushed over to the restaurant. In a great hurry, I didn't hear clearly the head waiter's instruction that we should go into the kitchen through one door and out from the other. So when I took two plates of eggs and bacon and an orange juice out to the restaurant, I went straight towards the wrong door and collided with another waiter coming in! Worst of all was that I wore a pair of smart shoes but with high heels! A few hours later I was in agony yet had no time to change them. By the time we finished serving dinner at about 10:30 I was completely exhausted. Nevertheless, I learnt something through my experience. 3. Money Money is what everybody desires. It can be used to buy food, clothes, books, bicycle, furniture and many other things people need or want. Money is considered by many people as the most important thing in life. With money, they can go wherever they please and do whatever they want. With money, they can buy a fine house to live in, fashionable clothes to put on, and a nice bicycle to ride. And with money, they can employ attendants to serve them. In a word, money can make people comfortable and bring them happiness. However, money is also the source of all crimes and brings them misery. Since money is so tempting, quite a few people are attracted by it and begin to go astray. By hook or by crook, they try to make money. To get more money, they gamble, swindle, steal, rob or do many other evil things, for "money makes the mare go". As a result, money leads them to jail or even to the execution grounds. Of course money is useful and desirable, yet we should make money in proper way and spend