英语的修辞手法-英语的45种修辞手法-定义-解释
英语中的修辞手法
Figures of speechFigures of speech (修辞）are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea，to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech。
Figures of Resemblance and RelationshipSimile(明喻)Metaphor（暗喻）（隐喻）Metonymy（转喻) （借代）Synecdoche(提喻)Personification（拟人）Antonomasia (换称）一Simile(明喻）Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic （特性）in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as。
.as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other。
Simile is a comparison between two different things that resemble each other in at least one way。
英语中常见修辞手法
夸张（hyperbole）Hyperbole源于希腊语，意思是exceed (超过)，是一种故意夸大其词(overstatement)或言过其实的修辞手法；其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以达到强烈的修辞效果。
试比较以下两种说法：1) Y es, many times.(很多遍了。
)2) Y es, a thousand times.(无数次了。
)很明显，第一种回答方式不如第二种生动，因为a thousand times(无数次)使用了Hyperbole(夸张)的修辞手法。
如：a river of tears (泪河)、a mountain of coal (煤山)、oceans of people (人海)。
讽刺（irony）Irony（反语）就是说反话，来自希腊语，意思是dissimulation（掩饰），是一种通过正话反说或反话正说来取得讽刺、幽默效果的修辞手法。
由于Irony（反语）修辞手法的特殊性，在听力中除了上下文的提示之外，一般要用一定的语气、语调来帮助实现反语的效果。
例如：1）Y ou are a big help！(你可真够“帮忙”啊！)2）Y ou are telling stories！（你讲的“真动听”啊！）Euphemism（委婉）英语Euphemism（委婉）一词来源于希腊语，意思是good speech（吉利话），即使用比较文雅、悦耳或委婉的说法来代替粗野或直白的说法。
试比较以下两种表达方式：1）I feel sick today.（我今天生病了。
）2）I feel under the weather today. (他今天身体不舒服。
)很明显，第二种表达方式比第一种更加委婉。
Parallelism（平行）具体方法是将结构相同或类似、意义相关或并重、语气也前后一致的语言成分平行并列在一起，从而达到结构整齐、节奏鲜明、加强语气的效果，换句话讲，就是通过语言的形式美来把语言的内容更美更好地表现出来。
英语中19种修辞手法和例句
明喻明喻是将拥有共性的不一样事物作对照.这类共性存在于人们的内心,而不是事物的自然属性.标记词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.比如 :1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,经过比较形成.比如 :1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之有关的事物名称.I. 以容器取代内容,比如 :1>.The kettle boils.水开了.2>.The room sat silent.全屋人寂静地坐着.II.以资料 .工具取代事物的名称,比如 :Lend me your ears, please.请听我说.III. 以作者取代作品,比如 :a complete Shakespeare莎士比亚全集VI. 以详细事物取代抽象观点,比如 :I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.提喻提喻用部分取代全体,或用全体取代部分, 或特别取代一般.比如 :1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100 名工人 .2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特别代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相当.通感,联觉,移觉这类修辞法是以视.听. 触 .嗅 .味等感觉直接描绘事物.通感就是把不一样感官的感觉交流起来，借联想惹起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
修辞英语表达句子大全
修辞英语表达句子大全1. 英语25个修辞手法以及例句急英语修辞手法1) Simile：（明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic （特性）in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as。
as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 2) Metaphor：（暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 3) Analogy：（类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification：（拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes（赋予） to inanimate（无生命的） objects, or to ideas and abstractions（抽象）. For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole：（夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement：（含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately（故意地）understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism：（委婉）It isthe substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive（无冒犯）expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".8) Metonymy （转喻） It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
英语各种修辞手法
Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech. 修辞是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。
1)Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer thequality we associate with one to the other.Simile 与汉语的明喻基本相同，用某一事物或情境来比拟另一个事物或情境。
其本体和喻体均同时出现在句中，在形式上是相对应的。
英语 simile 的标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 汉语明喻的比喻词通常是"好象"、"仿佛"等。
英语常用修辞格的翻译
省略；Ellipsis
eg：妈妈让他洗碗，她就不洗。 译文：Mother tells her to wash the dishes， but she will not（do it）
移就；Transferred Epithet
把本来用以修饰人的形容词移属于同人有关的抽象物 或具体物，这种貌似错误、实为妙用的修辞格叫做 “移就”（Transferred Epithet），它通过词语巧妙 的“移植”，来取得常规搭配所无法得到的效果。
转喻；Metonymy
Biblioteka eg： 秃头站在白背心的略略正对面，弯了腰， 去研究背心上的文字。（鲁迅：《示众》） 译文：Baldy，standing almost directly opposite White Jerkin，stooped to study the characters written on his jerkin. 有时采用意译更为合适 eg： 英雄所见略同。 译文：Great minds think alike.
递升；Climax
把事物按由小到大、由短到长、由低到高、由轻到重、由近 到远、由易到难、由浅到深等次序说下去，这种修辞手法叫 递升，英语里称作 climax。运用这一修辞手法，能够使要表 达的思想逐步加深、感情逐步强化，因而能增强语言的说服 力和感染力。 eg：事情就是这样，他来进攻，我们把他消灭了，他就舒服了。 消灭一点，舒服一点；消灭得多，舒服得多；彻底消灭，彻 底舒服。（ 毛泽东：《关于重庆谈判》） 译文：This is the way things are：if they attack and we wipe them out，they will have that satisfaction；wipe out some，some satisfaction；wipe out more，more satisfaction；wipe out the whole lot，complete satisfaction.
英语修辞手法及例句
隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
2.He is a pig.他简直是头猪。
（比喻：他是一个像猪一般的人，指肮脏，贪吃的人。
）3.She is a woman with a stony heart.她是一个铁石心肠的女人。
（比喻：这个女人冷酷无情。
）3.Mark Twain is a mirror of America.马克•吐温是美国的一面镜子。
（用镜子比喻美国的现实，很贴切。
）三、提喻（synecdoche）提喻是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。
换喻主要借助于密切的关系与联想，而提喻则是借助于部分相似。
提喻大致归纳为四种情况：a.部分和全体互代；b.以材料代替事物；c.抽象和具体互代；d.以个体代替整个类。
1.Outside,(there is) a sea of faces.外面街上是人的海洋（以人体的局部代全体，以faces 表示people）2. Have you any coppers? 你有钱吗？（以材料代事物，即以copper铜喻指coin money铜币）3.They share the same roof.他们住在一起。
（以部分代全体，即用roof屋顶，表示house屋子、住宅）5.It was reported that China won the volleyball match.椐报载：在这次排球赛中，中国队赢了。
（以国家名称China代该国球队the Chinese Volleyball Team）6.Life was a wearing to him.生活令他感到厌倦。
英语常见8种修辞手法说明
英语常见8种修辞手法说明修辞手法是英语写作中常用的表达技巧，通过运用恰当的修辞手法，可以使文章更加生动、有趣，增强表达的效果和吸引读者的注意力。
下面是英语常见的8种修辞手法的说明：1. 比喻(Metaphor)比喻是将一个事物与另一个事物进行类比，以便更好地揭示事物的特点或隐含含义。
通过比喻，可以使描述更具有形象感和感染力。
例如："She is a shining star in the world of art."（她是艺术界的一颗闪亮之星）2. 暗示(Allusion)暗示是通过间接提及某个事物或引用某个文学、历史、文化的代表性人物或事件来达到某种目的，常常用于表达或暗示作者的观点或态度。
例如："His words had a biblical ring to them."（他的话带有的语气）3. 排比(Parallelism)排比是通过重复使用类似的词、短语或句子结构，使文章的句子齐整有序，增强表达的力度和冲击力。
例如："We came, we saw, we conquered." （我们来了，我们看到了，我们战胜了）4. 反问(Rhetorical Question)反问是在文章或演讲中提出一个问题，但并不期待对方回答，而是用问句来引导读者或听众思考某个问题或强调某个观点。
例如："Isn't it a beautiful day?"（今天是不是个美好的一天呢？）5. 夸张(Hyperbole)夸张是通过夸大的描述方式来强调某个事物或情感，以达到增强效果的目的。
夸张常用于幽默、夸张或强调的场合。
例如："I've told you a million times."（我已经告诉过你一百万次了）比较是通过将两个或多个事物进行对比，以突出它们的差异或相似之处，使表达更具有说服力和可信度。
英语各种修辞手法
Phonological Rhetorical devices：Semantic Rhetorical Devices ：Simile (明喻) Metaphor （暗喻）Analogy(类比) Allusion（典故）Metonymy（转喻）Hyperbole（夸张）Irony （反语）Sarcasm （讽刺）Euphemism(委婉语) Synecdoche提喻Pun (双关) Chiasmus （交错法）Paradox (似是而非的隽语) Oxymoron（矛盾修饰法）Personification(拟人) Transferred epithet（转移修饰）Zeugma（轭式修饰法）Onomatopoeia拟声Syllepsis （一语双叙）Alliteration(头韵）Syntactical Rhetorical Devices：Repetition（重复）Rhetorical question（反问）,Antithesis（对仗）A rhetorical term for the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases or clauses."Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing."Apostrophe（顿呼）A figure of speech in which some absent or nonexistent person or thing is addressed as if present and capable of understanding."Hello darkness, my old friendI've come to talk with you again .Rhetorical question (erotesis反问) differs from hypophora (设问)in that it is not answered by the writer, because its answer is obvious or obviously desired, and usually just a yes or no. It is used for effect, emphasis, or provocation, or for drawing a conclusionary statement from the facts at hand.e.g.. . . For if we lose the ability to perceive our faults, what is the good of living on?Writing Strategies (1)Read the narrative text carefully and point out the rhetorical questions in it. Alliteration: [ə,litə'reiʃən](头韵）Front rhyme●Pride and Predjudice●The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.Assonance['æsəunəns](谐音): similar vowel sounds repeated in successive连续的or proximate近似的words containing different consonants:●Who is closer to you——your mom or your dad?Mom is closer, because dad is father （farther).●What fur did Adam and Eve wear?Bear (bare) skinOnomatopoeia [,ɔnəumætəu‘pi:ə] (拟声) is the use of words whose pronunciation imitates the sound the word describes.●摹仿金属声的有：clash, clank, ting, tinkle, clang, jangle, ding-dong, tick-tack, etc.●摹仿水等液体声的有：splash, bubble, sizz, sizzle, splish-splosh, drip-drop, etc.●摹仿各种动物叫声有：buzz，neigh, baa, moo, miao, screech, hiss, cook-a-doodle-do, etc.●摹仿人的各种声音有：giggle, chuckle, shriek, snort, sneeze, snigger, smack, whisper, grunt, grumble, mumble, sputter, murmur, chatter, gurgle, whoop, etcMetaphor [‘metəfə] （隐喻）compares two different things by speaking of one in terms of the other. Unlike a simile or analogy, 类比metaphor asserts that one thing is another thing, not just that one is like another. Very frequently a metaphor is invoked by the to be verb:e.g.●Then Jesus declared, "I am the bread of life.“●The fountain of knowledge will dry up unless it is continuously replenished by streams of new learning.●When it comes to midterms, it's kill or be killed. Let's go in and slay this test.Personification metaphorically represents an animal or inanimate object as having human attributes--attributes of form, character, feelings, behavior, and so on. Ideas and abstractions can also be personified.e.g.●The ship began to creak and protest as it struggledagainst the rising sea.Metonymy [mi‘tɔnimi] （转喻）is another form of metaphor, very similar to synecdoche (and, in fact, some rhetoricians do not distinguish between the two), in which the thing chosen for the metaphorical image is closely associated with (but not an actual part of) the subject with which it is to be compared.e.g.●The orders came directly from the White House.●This land belongs to the crown.●Boy, I'm dying from the heat. Just look how the mercury is rising. 有联系，但不是其一部分Synecdoche[si‘nekdəki] （提喻）is a type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole, the whole for a part, the genus for the species, the species for the genus, the material for the thing made, or in short, any portion, section, or main quality for the whole or the thing itself (or vice versa).e.g.●Farmer Jones has two hundred head of cattle and three hired hands.●If I had some wheels, I'd put on my best threads and ask for Jane's hand in marriage.●Australia beat Canada at cricket. 局部代替全部A transferred epithet (转移修饰)is an adjective modifying a noun which it does not normally modify, but which makes figurative sense:e.g.●She gave us an understanding smile .●I spent sleepless nights on my project.Sarcasm 讽刺& Irony反语●Robbing a widow of her savings was certainly a noble act.Irony反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法●laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.Sarcam是指用尖酸刻薄的话对个人的缺点、过失、社会的丑恶现象或黑暗面进行讥讽、挖苦,常是有意地伤害他人的感情,所以常含有较强的贬义。
高级英语修辞手法总结(最常考)
英语修辞手法1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like, as, seem, as if，as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1>。
He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>。
I wandered lonely as a cloud。
3〉。
Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成.例如：1>。
Hope is a good breakfast，but it is a bad supper.2>。
Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed anddigested。
3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。
I。
以容器代替内容，例如:1〉.The kettle boils. 水开了。
2〉.The room sat silent。
全屋人安静地坐着。
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称，例如:Lend me your ears，please。
请听我说。
III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气，他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体，或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般.例如:1〉.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人。
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英语中的45种修辞（1）alliteration（押头韵）：一组单词的第一个辅音相同，比如例句中四个以l开头的单词。
▲ Let us go forth to lead the land we love.（2）anacoluthon（错格）：句子从一种结构变成另外一种结构，比如例句由肯定结构变成疑问结构。
▲ As a regular reader of your papers -- Why does it give so little space to science?（3）anadiplosis（联珠）：将一个或一组单词重复多遍，比如例句中的servants。
▲ Men in great place are thrice servants: servants of state, servants of fame, and servants of business.（4）anaphora（首语重复）：将一个句子的开头单词或短语，在随后的句子中重复多遍，比如例句中的we shall fight。
▲ We shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills.（5）anastrophe（词序倒装）: 改变正常词序，比如例句中最后一部分，正常词序是yet a breeze never blew up 。
▲ The helmsman steered, the ship moved on, yet never a breeze up blew.（6）antistrophe（逆反复）：在每个句子的结尾，重复相同的单词或短语，比如例句中的without warning。
▲ In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, without warning. In 1935, Italy inv aded Ethiopia, without warning. In 1938, Hitler occupied Austria, without warning.（7）antithesis（对偶）：两个或多个句子，结构相同，但含义相反，或者含义形成对比，比如例句中的is no vice与is no virtue。
▲ Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice, moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue.（8）aporia（假装疑问）：假装表示疑问，做出对某件事情好象不太肯定的样子，比如例句的最后部分。
▲ Then the steward said within himself, ’What shall I do?’（9）aposiopesis（中断）：突然中断一个句子，以表示恐惧、兴奋等感情，比如例句在I saw后面中断。
▲ The first thing I saw -- But I dare not describe the dreadful sight.（10）apostrophe（顿呼）：在叙述过程中，突然对不在场的第三人（或拟人化的抽象事物）的称呼，比如例句中的O you gods。
▲ Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him.（11）archaism（拟古）：使用古体单词，或者已废弃单词，比如例句中的sate（sit的古体过去式和过去分词）。
▲ Pipit sate upright in her chair, some distance from where I was sitting.（12）assonance（协音）：重复某个发音相同或相似的音节，比如例句中的Thy/thy和-dom/done。
▲ Thy kingdom come, thy will be done.（13）asyndeton（连接词省略）：省略单词、短语或从句之间的连接词，比如例句省略了两个连接词and。
▲ But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.（14）brachylogy（省略）：省略一个不太重要、读者通常可以猜出的单词或短语，比如例句省略了out后面的of。
▲ He looked out the window.（15）cacophony（杂音）：使用一组发音不和谐的单词，以便让人听着不舒服，比如例句中的一组单词。
▲ We want no parlay with you and your grisly gang who work your wicked will.（16）catachresis（生硬比喻）：用不准确的单词进行不准确的比喻，比如例句中的thirsty ear。
▲ I listen vainly, but with thirsty ear.（17）chiasmus（交错配列）：两个对应部分没有按照a-b-a-b顺序排列，而是按照a-b-b-a顺序排列，比如例句中的(often) (in my thoughts) and (in my prayers) (always)。
▲ Those gallant men will remain often in my thoughts and in my pray ers always.（18）climax（渐强）：重新排列单词、短语或从句，以便让整个句子具有语气逐渐增强的效果，比如例句最后部分and not to yield是整句的高潮。
▲ One equal temper of heroic hearts, made weak by time and fate, but strong in will, to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.（19）euphemism（委婉）：用礼貌、非冒犯性的表达，代替不礼貌、冒犯性的表达，比如例句中的passed away和went to be with the Lord。
▲ Charles Shively, 94, passed away at home and went to be with the Lord on April 22, 2004, from natural causes.（20）hendiadys（重言）：用and连接两个名词，以代替一个形容词和一个名词，比如例句中的voice and supplication，代替supplicatory voice。
▲ I love the Lord, because he has heard my voice and supplication.（21）hypallage（换置）：交换两个单词的位置，交换之后的句子符合语法，但不一定符合逻辑，比如左边的例句变成右边的例句。
▲ Apply water to the wound. -- Apply the wound to water.（22）hyperbaton（倒装）：颠倒句子各个部分，通常是颠倒主语和谓语，比如左边的例句可以变成右边的例句。
▲ He is happy. -- Happy is he.（23）hyperbole（夸张）：通过夸张达到某种修辞效果，比如例句中的An hundred years.▲ An hundred years should got to praise thine eyes and on thine forehead gaze, two hundred to adore each breast, but thirty thousand to the rest.（24）hysteron proteron（逆序）：故意颠倒事件发生的自然顺序，也就是后发生的先说，先发生的后说，比如左边的例句变成右边的例句。
▲ I fall, I faint, I die. -- I die, I faint, I fall.（25）irony（反语）：字面意思与说话人实际想要表达的意思不一致，通常用来讽刺，比如例句中的an honourable man。
▲ Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honourable man.（26）litotes（曲意）：利用否定的形式，表达肯定的意思，比如例句中的not healthy相当于dangerous。
▲ War is not healthy for children and other living things.（27）metaphor（隐喻）：利用某些单词进行含蓄的比喻，此时这些单词已经不再是字面上的意思了，比如例句中的an iron curtain。
▲ From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent.（28）metonymy（换喻）用一个单词代替另外一个在概念上有关联的单词，比如例句中的sword，用来代替war。
▲ The pen is mightier than the sword.（29）onomatopoeia（拟声）：模拟自然界的各种声音，比如例句中的ticktacking。
▲ I hear the clock ticktacking, and time goes by.（30）oxymoron（矛盾修饰）：使用两个或多个自相矛盾的单词，比如例句中的cruel和kind。
▲ I must be cruel only to be kind.（31）paradox（佯谬）：似是而非、或者似非而是的表达，比如例句中关于youth的看法。
▲ What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young.（32）paraleipsis（假省）：故意省略某个部分之后，修辞效果反而更强，比如例句中possessions后面的省略。
▲ That part of our history detailing the military achievements which gave us our several possessions ... is a theme too familiar to my listeners for me to dilate on, and I shall therefore pass it by.（33）paraprosdokian（没有汉语译文）：一个句子的结尾令人感到吃惊，或者令人感到意外，比如例句中的the wall behind me。