初中英语冠词完整归纳

初中英语冠词完整归纳
初中英语冠词完整归纳

冠词

冠词在句中的位置及分类:冠词主要放在名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物。冠词有三种:a和an为不定冠词,the为定冠词,零冠词(名词前不用冠词)。

一、不定冠词

(一)不定冠词a,an的区别

a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。

如:an honest boy

There is an“f”in the word“five”.

记忆:“不见元音不加an,不看字母看发音”。

1. 在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有“a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x,”,其它用a。

2. 注意区别以u开头的单词。

an umbrella

an unusual story

an unhappy boy

a university

a useful book

(二)不定冠词的用法

1、在叙述时用于第一次提到某人或某物前。如:

This is a book.

2、泛指人或事物的某一类别,以区别于其他种类。如:

A plane is a machine that can fly.

3、泛指某人或某物。如:

A young man is waiting for you.

4、用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前,有“每一”的意思,相当于every。如:five lessons a week

5、用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示“一阵,一份,一类,一场”等。如:There'll be a strong wind in South China.

6、用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前。如:

a knife and fork 一副刀叉

7、“a+序数词”表示“又一,再一”。如:

The cake is delicious,and I would like a second one.

8、表示数量,有“一个”的意思。如:I have a pen.

9、用来说明事物的同一性质、特征、程度或大小,相当于the same,表示“相同”。如:

The two shirts are of a size. 两件衬衫尺寸相同。

10、用于人名前,表示说话者对此人不认识,或表示与某名人有类似性质的人或事物。如:

A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out.

你外出时,有一位史密斯先生来找过你。

He wishes to become a Newton. 他希望成为像牛顿那样的人。

That nice girl is rather a Lei Feng. 那个好女孩简直是一个雷锋式的人。

11、用于某些固定词组中。如:

a few/little/bit 一点儿

have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest = swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest

游泳/散步/谈话/看一看/跳舞/喝点东西/休息

have a cold/smoke/bath 感冒/抽烟/洗澡

have a good time 玩得高兴

in a hurry 匆忙

for a while 一会儿

keep a diary写日记;

do sb. a favor 帮助某人

once upon a time从前

many a time许多次

a long time很长时间

a number of许多

(三)不定冠词的位置

1. 当名词被such,half,what,many修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。如:

He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.

It took me half an hour to write the letter.

What an interesting book it is!

Many a man has gone to big cities for work.

2. 当名词前面的形容词前有so,how,too,as等词时,不定冠词放在形容词之后。如:

She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.

How nice a film this is!

3. 当名词前面有形容词和quite,rather或very时,不定冠词置于quite或rather 之后,very之前。如:

quite a good book

rather a useful tool

二、定冠词

(一)定冠词the的用法

1、用于双方都知道的人或事物前。如:

Give me the book, please.

2、特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物。如:

Do you know the girl in red?

3、表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:

The earth moves around the sun.

4、用在序数词、形容词/副词的最高级前,以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前。如:

The first lesson is very easy.

She is the most beautiful student in that class.

5、用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩。如:

The Greens are watching TV now.

6、用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或事物。如:

The orange is orange.

7、用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、报纸、杂志、巨大建筑、朝代、时代等专有名词前,或由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词之前。

如:the Great Wall

the Summer Palace

the 1990s

the Changjiang River

the People’s Daily

the Ming Dynasty

8、与某些形容词连用表示一类人。如:

We should help the old.

9、用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词前。如:

I like playing the piano.

on the left

10、放在表示身体部位的名词前。如:

take sb. by the hand 抓住某人的手

hit sb. on the head 打某人的头

pat sb. on the shoulder 拍某人的肩

hit sb. in the face

11、English=the English language

12、在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词。如:

The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.

13、用在表示单位的名词前。如:

by the day(week, month, year)按日(周,月,年)

Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋论打卖。

I hired a car by the hour. 我按小时租了一辆车。

14、用在某些固定词组中。如:

in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上;

in the daytime 在白天;

in the end 最后;

all the time一直;

at the same time 同时;

by the way 顺便说;

in the open air 在户外;

at the age of 在......岁时;

at the beginning of 在......开始时;

on the other side of 在......的另一边;

in the middle of 在......中间;

at the moment 现在,此刻

the number of......的数量

(二)定冠词的位置

1. 当定冠词与all, half, both, double等词连用修饰名词时,定冠词放在这些词之后。如:

Look, all the books are here.

Both the boys are from Class 1, Grade 2.

2. 当定冠词与表示倍数、分数的词连用时,需要放在这些词之后。如:

This bed is three times the size of that one.

The rope is one third the length of that one.

三、零冠词的用法

1. 不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时前面用零冠词。如:

Animals can't live without water.

Horses are domestic(驯养的)animals.

2. 某些专有名词,如人名、地名、国名、物质名称、抽象名词表示泛指时前面用零冠词。如:

China is a great country.

Mary lives in New York.

3. 名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时,用零冠词。如:

Every student likes English in our class.

4. 公共假日、日期、星期、月份、季节等前面用零冠词,但若特指某年的某月份或某年的某季节,需要在月份、季节前加the。如:

June 1 st is Children's Day.

The winter in 2004 was very cold.

5. 在称呼或表示头衔的名词前用零冠词。如:

This is Professor Li.

What's wrong, Granny?

6. 用在三餐、球类运动、棋类及学科名词之前。如:

I went to school without breakfast this morning.

He often plays football after school.

We all like English.

7. 用在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的词前边。如:

Nanjing Road Hainan Island

8. 用在与by连用的交通工具名称前。如:by car, by train。但take a bus, in a boat, on the bike前需用冠词。

9. 用在某些固定词组或习惯用语中

day and night 日日夜夜

face to face面对面

side by side 肩并肩

step by step 一步一步地

watch TV 看电视

at school/work/home 在学校/工作/家

at first/last 首先/最后

in trouble在困境中

in danger在危险中

on foot 步行

on duty/watch值日/值班

on time 准时

in time 及时

go to school/work去上学/去工作

at noon/night/dawn 在中午/晚上/黎明

四、有定冠词与无定冠词的区别

1. go to school 去上学(是学生)

go to the school 到学校去(不一定是学生)

2. go to bed 就寝,上床睡觉

go to the bed 向床边走去,走到床前(不一定是睡觉)

3. in hospital 因病住院

in the hospital 在医院里(不一定是病人)

4. at table 吃饭

at the table 在桌子旁边

5. at school 在上学

at the school 在学校里

6. in class 在上课

in the class 在班级里

7. in future 今后

in the future 将来

8. in front of 在(......外部的)前面

in the front of 在(......内部的)前面

9. next year 明年

the next year 第二年

10. by sea 乘船

by the sea 在海边

11. in bed (睡、病、躺)在床上

in the bed (某物)在床上

12. on earth 究竟

on the earth 在地球上

13. out of question 不成问题

out of the question 根本不可能

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(内部资料) 2018.1

目录 第一讲名词 第二讲冠词 第三讲代词 第四讲数词 第五讲介词 第六讲形容词和副词 第七讲连词 第八讲情态动词 第九讲非谓语动词 第十讲时态 第十一讲被动语态 第十二讲祈使句、倒装句、反意疑问句和感叹句第十三讲宾语从句 第十四讲定语从句 第十五讲状语从句 第十六讲主谓一致 第十七讲情景交际 第十八讲词义辨析 附录I 重点短语

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