非谓语动词语法讲解

合集下载

分词非谓语动词语法讲解

分词非谓语动词语法讲解

分词非谓语动词语法讲解以下是 6 条关于分词非谓语动词语法讲解:1. 嘿,你知道吗?分词可神奇啦!就像一把钥匙能打开很多语法的大门。

比如说“She came running”,这里的“running”就是现在分词,它生动地描绘出她跑着来的情景,多有意思呀!2. 哇塞,非谓语动词里分词的用法真的超重要哦!就好像一幅美丽拼图里不可或缺的那一块。

像“He sat there, looking at the sky”,“looking”这个分词就让整个句子变得好鲜活,你难道不觉得吗?3. 同学们,分词在非谓语动词领域那可是有大作用的哟!好比是一场精彩演出里的主角。

例如“Hearing the news, she started to cry”,“Hearing”准确地表达了先后顺序,是不是很厉害?4. 嘿伙计,分词这种非谓语动词形式就如同一个魔法元素。

像“Not knowing what to do, he asked for help”,这里的“Not knowing”把那种茫然的状态完美呈现了,你难道不想深入了解一下?5. 注意啦!分词在非谓语动词语法中可有着特殊地位啊!宛如夜空中最亮的那颗星。

比如“Opened the door, he walked in”,“Opened”直接表明了门是开的状态,多精妙呀!6. 哇哦,分词非谓语动词的玩法可得好好琢磨琢磨。

这就好比是通往奇妙语言世界的通道。

像“The book lying on the table is mine”,“lying”那个分词让书的状态一目了然,是不是很神奇?我的观点就是:分词非谓语动词在英语语法中太重要啦,一定要好好掌握呀!。

高三英语语法讲解----非谓语动词

高三英语语法讲解----非谓语动词
Page 9
一、非谓语动词作定语
考点1:动词不定式作定语 (3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时,常用不定式作后置定语,且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此 类名词有ability,chance,idea,hope, wish, fact, promise, attempt,plan,way,opportunity等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
表/定/状/宾补
doing
being done
being done
having done
having done
having been done
having been done
not+非谓语动词
相当于adj. adv. 表示被动和完成
表/定/状/宾补 done



如:look 的不定式 主动:—to look —to have looked 被动:—to be looked —to have been looked
③The girl reading (read) books in the classroom now looks very confident.
分析:该句 无 连接词/引导词,是 简单句, 有 谓语动词,所以横线上填 非谓语 动词, 因为 the girls与动词read之间是 主动 关系,所以非谓语动词选 现在分词(V-ing) 。

高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解

高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解

高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是英语中的一种特殊动词形式,它们可以在句子中作名词、形容词或副词的作用。

高中英语语法中,非谓语动词主要分为不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。

1. 不定式不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,如:to go、to study。

不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。

1.1 作主语不定式作主语时,句子用“it + be + 不定式”结构,如:It is important to learn English well.1.2 作宾语不定式作宾语时,常跟在及物动词后面,如:I want to play soccer.1.3 作表语1.4 作定语不定式作定语时,修饰名词或代词,如:a book to read.1.5 作状语不定式作状语时,表示目的、结果、原因等,如:He came here to see his friend.2. 动名词动名词是由动词加-ing构成的名词,如:playing、studying。

动名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。

2.1 作主语动名词作主语时,常用单数形式,如:Swimming is good for health.2.2 作宾语动名词作宾语时,常跟在及物动词后面,如:I enjoy playing basketball.2.3 作表语动名词作表语时,句子用“主语 + be + 动名词”结构,如:His hobby is swimming.2.4 作定语2.5 作状语动名词作状语时,表示方式、时间、原因等,如:He made money by working hard.3. 分词分词是由动词的变化形式构成的形容词,常分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式。

分词在句子中可以作定语、表语或状语。

3.1 现在分词作定语现在分词作定语时,修饰名词或代词,如:a crying baby.3.2 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时,修饰名词或代词,如:a broken window.3.3 分词作表语分词作表语时,句子用“主语 + be + 分词”结构,如:He is tired.3.4 分词作状语分词作状语时,表示时间、原因、条件等,如:Walking slowly, he reached the destination.以上是高中英语语法非谓语动词的讲解,希望对你有所帮助。

高考英语非谓语动词语法讲解(推荐)

高考英语非谓语动词语法讲解(推荐)

高考英语非谓语动词语法讲解(名师总结基础语法知识点,值得下载)【非谓语动词作状语】一.不定式,分词作状语的基本原则不定式,分词作状语时,不定式,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式,分词作状语.二.不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语的情况比较多,如果强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或so as,构成"in order to do"或"so as to do"结构."in order to do"结构作目的状语时,可以放在句首也可放在句中;"so as to do"结构只能放在句中.Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year(so as/in order)to visit her.Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forge t it.2.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so...as to;such...as to;...enough to;only to(常表示以外的或事与愿违的结果);too...to等.I'm not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down.Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left.I'm too tired to stay up longer.备注:在only too..to结构中,too...to...并非是"太....而不能..."之意.此时,与too..to..搭配的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy等.I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.3.不定式作原因状语形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因.用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased等.You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.4.在"主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do"结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.该结构中常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等.This question is easy to answer.This book is difficult to understand.三.分词作状语1.分词作状语时其形式的选择形式意义v-ing(doing) 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,与句子谓语动词动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生having+v-ed(having done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,先于谓语动词动作发生v-ed(done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成being+v-ed(being done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且与谓语动词动作同时发生与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生having been+v-ed(havingbeen done)2.分词作状语的句法功能分词作状语时,可以表时间,原因,结果,条件,让步,行为方式,伴随状况等.为了强调,还可与while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用.When offered help,one often says"Thank you"or "It's kind of you".(时间)Separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.(原因)Generally speaking,if taken according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.(条件)He glanced at her,nothing that though she was tiny,she seemed very well.(结果)Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.(让步)The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.(伴随)四.独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分.常见的有:generallyspeaking一般来说;frankly speaking坦白地说;judging from/by...根据....来判断;considering.../taking....into consideration考虑到.....;to tell you the truth说实话;compared to/with与....相比.Judging from his accent,he is from Hong Kong.Considering your health,you'd better have a rest.To tell you the truth,I am a little tired.五.独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致.但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构.独立主格结构的特点:①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系.③独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开.独立主格结构的构成:①名词/代词+分词②名词/代词+不定式③with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式The test finished(=When the test was finished),we began our holiday.The president assassinated(=Because the president was assassinated),the whole country was in deep sorrow.Weather permitting(=If weather permits),we are going to visit you tomorrow.I stood before her with my heart beating fast.【练一练】①Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only (find)it didn't fit.②Clearly and thoughtfully (write),the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their ownanswers.③Group activities will be organized after class (help)children develop team spirit.④(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than thoseof her age.⑤The lecture (give),a lively question-and-answer session followed.【非谓语动词作定语】一.不定式作定语1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点,工具等,不定式后面需有相应的介词.The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.He had no place to live.2.用不定式作定语的几种情况:①不定式表将来The car to be bought is for his sister.②用来修饰被序数词,最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系.He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.③有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式作定语,常见的有:promise,plan,attempt,offer,decision,refusal,failure,ability,chance,warning,anxiety,eagerness,willingness,readiness等.I don't trust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no plans to go there.He made an attempt to stand up.二.分词作定语1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式为:v-ing,being+过去分词和过去分词.当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为主动关系时,用v-ing;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being+过去分词;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词.The houses being built are for the teachers.(被动,正在进行)2.作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为:v-ing和过去分词.v-ing表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成.boiling water沸腾的水(表示正在进行)boiled water白开水(表完成)falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)fallen leaves已经落下的叶子(表完成)developing countries发展中国家(表正在进行)developed countries发达国家(表完成)三.to be done,done和being done作定语的区别to be done表被动,将来;done表被动,完成;being done表被动,正在进行.Have you read the novel written by Dickens? (表被动,完成)Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students.(表被动,正在进行)The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important.(表被动,将来)【练一练】①There are still many problems (solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.②Prices of daily goods (buy)through a computer can be lower than store prices.③The flowers (smell)sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.【非谓语动词作宾语,补语,主语,表语】一.非谓语动词(不定式,动名词)作宾语1.下列动词一般用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装.主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮.decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help.She pretended not to see me when I passed by.We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语.2.下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想.避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏.禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡.consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象,设想);avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;can't help(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape.He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.此外,be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,can't stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,insist on,be busy,have difficulty(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),spend time (in)等短语后也要用动名词作宾语.3.下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意.to do sth.忘记要做某事forgetdoing sth.忘记已经做过某事to do sth.记着要做某事rememberdoing sth.记得曾经做过某事to do sth.努力做某事regretdoing sth.后悔做过某事to do sth.努力做某事trydoing sth.试着做某事to do sth.打算做某事meandoing sth.意味着做某事4.在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit,consider后直接跟动名词作宾语;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则用动词不定式作宾语补足语sb.to do sth.allow/permit/forbid/advise/considerdoing sth.Smoking is forbidden here so we don't allow you to smoke.We don't allow smoking in the wall.5.动词need,require,want作"需要",deserve作"应受,应得"解时,其后用动名词的主动形式(doing)或不定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动意义.be worth后用动名词的主动形式(doing)表示被动意义, 而worthy则需用被动形式.此外,need,require,want后可以接名词或代词作宾语,然后接不定式作宾语补足语,表示"需要/要求/想要某人做某事".to be done(需要)need/require/want doingsb.to do sth.(需要/要求/想要)名词deserve doingto be done名词be worth doingto be donebe worthy名词(表钱数或表价格的名词除外)ofbeing doneto be cleanedThe window needs/requires/wantscleaningworth visitingto be visitedThis place is worthya visitofbeing visitedconsideringThese proposals deserveto be considered6.不定式作动词(词组)tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,find out等的宾语时,前面常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who等,但why后加不带to的不定式.备注:此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与句子的主语或宾语保持一致,否则用宾语从句.He showed us how to do the work.(=He showed us how we should do the work)I don't know what to do.(=I don't know what I should do.)We must decide whether to stay or go.(=We must decide whether we'll stay or go)Can you tell me why do it?①The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without (recognize).②One learns a language by making mistakes and (correct)them.③In some parts of London,missing a bus means (wait)for another hour.二.非谓语动词作补语1.后接不定式作补语的动词及动词词组advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,tea ch,tell,want,warn,wish,wait for,call on,depend on等.You are not allowed to smoke here.The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.注意:think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find,imagine,prove,appoint,judge等后常用"to be..."作宾补/主补People considered him to be a great leader.They found the answer to be quite satisfactory.Chinese food is considered to be the healthiest in the world.He imagines himself to be an able man.2.非谓语动词作感官动词(词组),使役动词的宾补listen to,feel的宾语补足语有四种形式,以see为例:doing sth.看见....正做....(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)do sth.看见...做了....see+宾语+ being done看见....正在做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)done看见....被做I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动,完成)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动,正在进行)I heard an English song being sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.(被动,正在进行)I'd like to see the plan carried out.(被动,没有一定的时间性)2.使役动词make,let,have,get后接复合宾语的情况.do让...做....(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)①make+宾语+done让...被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)He made his workers work 12 hours a day.He tried to make himself understood.do让.....做.....(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)②let+宾语+be done让....被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)Don't let your child play with matches.Let the work be done immediately.do sth.让...做某事doing sth.使....持续做某事(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系) ③have+宾语+done使....被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)备注: ⑴.have sth. done还表示"使....遭受..."之意Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.⑵have sb. doing常用于否定句中,其中have有"允许,容忍"之意.I won't have you speaking to your dad like that.⑶have还可用于have sth. to do结构,该结构中have作"有"讲,不定式作定语.I have something urgent to inform you.to do sth.使....做doing sth.使...做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)⑷.get+宾语+done使....被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)He got me to post the letter for him.The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.3.下列动词(词组)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态中要加上to;它们是"吾看三室两厅一感觉"-5看(look at,see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2听(listen to,hear);1感觉(feel) Someone was heard to come up the stairs.(三)动词leave,keep,find,catch及介词with后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况:sb./sth. doing sth.让某人/物一直处于某种状态(宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系,表示动作正在进行)sth. undone留下某事未做(宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系,表示被动和完成,一般以undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched为多)1.leavesb. To do sth.让某人去做某事(不定式表示将来的动作)sth. To be done.留下某事要做It's wrong to leave the machine running.(主动,正在进行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didn't taste delicious.(被动,完成)He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.(主动,将来)We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.(被动,将来)sb./sth. doing使某人/物一直做某事2.keepsb./sth. done使某人/物被......(表示被动且完成,或表示状态)Keep the engine running.You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.sb. doing发现某人正在做某事3.find sb/sth. done发现某人/物.....(表完成或状态)sb./sth.(to be)...发现某人/物....We found him(to be)dishonest.Often I found her quietly weeping alone.I found him buried in a novel.4.catch sb. doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事I caught John reading my private letters.sb./sth. doing(表主动且进行,或表特征)sth. being done(表被动且进行)5.with sth. done(表被动且完成,或表状态)sth. to do(表示将来)John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time.(四)常用不定式作主语补足语的句型Sb. be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/found/thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done+其他.He is said to have gone abroad.(=It is said that he has gone abroad.)Heat is considered to be a form of energy.You're supposed to pay the bill by Friday.④The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see (carry)out the next year.11。

非谓语动词讲解和练习(附答案)

非谓语动词讲解和练习(附答案)

非谓语动词非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念,指的是在句子中不能单独作谓语,但又具有动词特征的动词形式。

一、种类非谓语动词主要包括三种形式:不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)和分词(Participle)。

1.不定式基本形式是“to + 动词原形”(有时可省略to),例如“to study”、“to play”等。

它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语等成分。

To see is to believe.(作主语和表语)I want to learn English.(作宾语)2.动名词形式上是动词原形加-ing,和现在分词的形式一样,如“swimming”、“reading”等。

动名词在句中主要起名词的作用,可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。

Swimming is my favorite sport.(作主语)I enjoy reading books.(作宾语)3.分词现在分词:也是动词原形加-ing,它既有动词特征,又有形容词和副词特征,可作定语、状语、表语和补足语。

The running boy is my brother.(作定语)Hearing the news, she couldn’t help crying.(作状语)过去分词:通常是动词原形加-ed(规则变化)或有其特殊的不规则变化形式,如“broken”、“written”等。

过去分词常表示被动或完成的意义,同样能充当定语、状语、表语和补足语等成分。

The broken cup is on the table.(作定语)Given more time, I can do it better.(作状语)二、用法区别1.作主语时不定式作主语常表示具体的某一次动作或行为,常用“It + be + 形容词+ (for/of sb.) + to do sth.”这样的结构,It is important for us to learn English well.动名词作主语往往表示抽象的、一般性的行为或概念。

高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解

高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解

⾼中英语语法⾮谓语动词讲解⾮谓语动词●概述⾮谓语动词,主要指在主句中表⽰⼀个动作但不能充当谓语,⽽是充当其他语法功能的词。

⾮谓语动词没有⼈称和数的变化,但是有语态和时态的变化。

●⾮谓语动词的三种形式⾮谓语动词有三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词。

这三个基本形式的基础上会有⼀些变化:1.动词不定式2.动名词3.分词●动词不定式的⽤法1.动词不定式的否定式not toShe decided not to be late again.2.动词不定式的完成式完成式表⽰的动作或状态发⽣在位于动词表⽰的动作或状态之前。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting.注意若谓语为表⽰“愿望、打算、意图”的动词时,如hope, think, want, plan, expect, mean, intend等,其后可以跟不定式的完成式表⽰“本来想要或打算做某事,⽽实际上未能实现”。

如:We meant to have stopped him from doing such a thing.征,则构成不定式符合结构的介词应为of前⾯常⽤的形容词有:kind, nice, foolish, silly, stupid, rude, cruel, wise, clever, brace, selfish, crazy, good, careful, careless, impolite, right, wrong等。

It is very kind of you to help me.区别It is important for us to learn English well.4.在某些动词后,可⽤it做形式宾语,然后加宾语补⾜语,最后加不定式作真正的并于。

常见的动词有find, think consider, feel, make等。

They find it difficult to repay the money.5.动词+不定式作宾补ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind order, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。

非谓语动词讲解有逗号

非谓语动词讲解有逗号

非谓语动词讲解有逗号非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,包括动词不定式、动词-ing 形式以及动词过去分词形式。

在句子中,非谓语动词可以作为独立成分,修饰名词、代词或整个句子。

下面我们来具体讲解非谓语动词的用法和相关注意事项。

一、动词不定式(to + 动词原形)动词不定式用来表示目的、原因、结果、推测等动作或状态的意思。

一般来说,动词不定式前面要用逗号与前面的句子分隔开来。

例如:- He went to the bookstore, to buy some new books.(他去书店,目的是要买些新书。

)- She closed the door, not to disturb her sleeping baby.(她关上门,以免打扰到她正在睡觉的宝宝。

)- To pass the exam, you need to study hard.(为了通过考试,你需要努力学习。

)二、动词-ing 形式动词-ing 形式可以作为主语、宾语、定语或状语等成分出现在句子中。

在句子中,如果动词-ing 形式作为非限制性定语从句修饰名词或代词时,通常需要使用逗号将其与句子其他部分分隔开来。

例如:- My sister, painting a beautiful landscape, enjoys the process very much.(正在画一幅美丽风景的我的姐姐,非常喜欢这个过程。

)- The man under the tree, reading a book, is my English teacher.(在树下看书的那个人是我的英语老师。

)三、动词过去分词形式动词过去分词形式作为非谓语动词,通常用来表示被动、完成与否等意义。

在句子中,如果动词过去分词形式作为非限制性定语从句修饰名词或代词时,也通常需要使用逗号将其与句子其他部分分隔开来。

例如:- The old house, destroyed during the war, was never rebuilt.(在战争期间被摧毁的那座老房子从未重新建立。

非谓语动词 语法讲解

非谓语动词    语法讲解

作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题: 并行结构问题, 如:Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 一些结构: A) 在 It’s no use/good/useless+ doing sth 如:It’s no use quarrelling with such a fellow 注意比较:It’s not good to eat too much meat. B) 在 It’s + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语。 It’s easy for us to study English well. It’s considerate of you to bring us so many books.
大部分介词后跟动名词, 但极少 数要加不定式。
I have no choice but/except to wait. = I can do nothing but wait.
difficulty trouble There is problem (in) / are/ fun doing I/we have pleasure a good time a hard time
1. The flowers ____ B sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (04上海) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
看性质
动名词
表 语
看性质
不定式
doing
分词
done
主动、进行、 令人……的
被动、完成、 感到……的
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解2011-08-31 新东方论坛一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。

当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。

非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do2、动词的ing : doing3、动词的过去分词:done二、三种形式的含义(基本用法)不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。

三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing 被动to be done to have beendoneing 形式主动doing having done被动being done having beendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构:for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时,用的所有格+doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。

方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

3、判断主被动关系。

方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。

4、判断时间关系。

方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。

之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时,建议把三种形式一起来比较学习,会更加有效一些。

一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。

动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。

如:________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语,选Bb. 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s useless doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。

如:My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. (主表语要用同一种形式)2、分词作表语记住:一些表示情感、情绪的动词,常用分词形式作表语。

现在分词表示主语的性质特征,用过去分词表示主语的状态。

常用动词:surprise (使某人吃惊), surprising (令人吃惊), surprised (主语)感到吃惊)类似动词有:excite (激动),astonish (惊奇),shock (震惊),scare (惊恐),disappoint (失望),move (感动),如:The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.3、在seem / appear (似乎,好像), prove / turn out (被证明是), remain (仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。

如:He seemed (to be ) very happy.二、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别1.感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式,即原形动词(不带to 的不定式)、现在分词和过去分词。

现在分词表主动或正在进行,过去分词表被动或完成,动词原形表主动和完成。

如: I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。

I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。

I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。

注意:不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。

如: I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)2.leave 后接三种形式作宾补时,其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”,但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态)。

leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事(宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系,表示动作正在进行。

)leave sth. undone 留下某事未做(宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系,表示被动和完成,一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多)leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做(不定式表示将来的动作。

)如:It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你让机器一直开着是不对的。

(主动,正在进行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious. 客人们没有动大部分菜,因为它们尝起来不可口。

(被动,完成)He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. 他走了,留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。

(主动,将来)We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. 我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。

(被动,将来)3.have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时,其中have, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。

①have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”(叫/让某人做某事)。

如I’ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow. 此外,have sth. done 还表示“使遭受……”之意。

如Tom had his leg broken while playing football. Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事(现在分词表示主动,正在进行) get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来如:The peasants had the tractor working day and night at theharvest time. 农忙时,农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。

The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。

注意:“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中,其中have 有“容忍”之意。

如:I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that. 我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。

Don’t have the water running all the time. 不要让水流个不停。

③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事如:Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me.4.下列动词后跟带to 的不定式作补语:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。

如:①An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots. ② The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.③The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.5.不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语,但在被动语态中要加上to:它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看(look at, see, watch, notice, observe);3使(make, let, have);2听(listen to, hear);1感觉(fell)。

以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语(5+3+2+1-2+4):即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语,此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。

相关文档
最新文档