考前串讲
)中考物理大串讲(坞城
1.审题时要立足于题或知识的整体， 要纵观全局，要看透出题人的意图， 看到考查知识的侧重点，确保在审 题上不出错，切忌主观臆断；做题 时要有良好的思维习惯，思考要灵 活、严谨、细致
U I R
前提
W=UIt
Q I t
W=Pt
U PU I R R P=UI
2
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全部
内能
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（不考虑 温度对电 阻的影响）
Ue2 R Pe
①
② 测 量 额定电压
Q=I2Rt
N 6 W=3.6×10 n
串联分P
电能表 测量工具 表 达式
电功
快慢
电功率
额定功率
（ U实 U额
水平桌面上的烧杯内盛有浓盐水，如果向烧 杯内加水，如图所示，则溶液对烧杯底部的 压强将（ ） A、增大 B、减小 C、先增大后减小 D、先减小后增大
小明要用图所示的实验器材探 究电压一定时，电流热效应与 电阻的关系。其中瓶内电阻丝 的长度、粗细都相同。 (1)请你用笔画线代替导线， 帮他把电路连接完整。 (2)电流产生热量的多少不易直 接测量。因此，在这个实验中 是通过 显示电流产生热 量的多少的。象这种用能直接观测的量来显示不易直接观测的量的方法叫 “转换法”。这种方法在物理学的研究中经常用到，请你列举一 例： 。 (3)在这个实验中，若两个电阻丝的通电时间相同，则 瓶内温度计的示数 升高的多。
作图与 简答题
2 6分
实验与 探究题
00018计算机应用基础考前重点串讲
00018计算机应用基础考前重点串讲第一章考点总结第一节和第二节知识点1、第一台电子数字计算机于1946年诞生在美国，名叫ENICA。
2、计算机的四个发展阶段：第一代电子管；第二代晶体管；第三代中小规模集成电路；第四代大规模、超大规模集成电路。
3、第一代计算机主要用于数值计算；第二代开始有了系统软件，提出了操作系统的概念；第四代计算机时期出现了微机及个人计算机。
第一台个人电脑（PC）由IBM公司制造。
4、计算机的应用领域：A、科学计算 B、数据处理 C、过程控制 D、辅助设计和制造（CAD、CAM） E、计算机网络 F、人工智能。
5、科学计算包括：地震测报、导弹、天气预报、高层建筑等6、数据处理包括：OA （办公自动化）、DSS（决策支持系统）、ES（专家系统）、MIS（管理信息系统）。
7、人工智能包括：机器人、专家系统、智能检索、机器翻译。
8、计算机发展趋势是四化：巨型化、网络化、智能化、微型化、9、计算机系统结构五大部分：运算器、控制器、存储器、输入设备、输出设备。
10运算器和控制器合称CPU（中央处理器），CPU和内存（也叫主存）合称主机。
没有安装软件的计算机叫裸机。
11运算器主要进行逻辑和算术运算。
12存储器分内存和外存，内存也叫主存，外存也叫辅存。
内存分ROM和RAM两种。
ROM是只读存储器，RAM是随机存储器。
13输入设备主要有：鼠标、键盘、扫描仪、光笔、摄像头麦克风卡阅读器、数码相机。
14输出设备：显示器打印机绘图仪音响。
15冯?诺依曼提出了“存储程序原理”，第一台按照冯的思想制造的计算机叫EDSAC。
16指令执行的过程四步骤：取出、分析、执行、为下一条指令做准备。
17微机的主要性能指标：字长（一般是8的倍数，主流机是32位）、速度（MIPS、主频）、存储系统容量、可靠性（MTBF）、可维护性（MTTR）、性能价格比。
18计算机系统由两个部分构成：硬件系统和软件系统。
19CPU是计算机的核心。
00277行政管理学考前重点串讲
第一章概述1.行政管理的特点包括哪些？答：（1）行政管理的主体是政府行政机关。
（2）行政管理的对象包括社会公共事务和政府内部事务。
（3）行政管理必须依法进行，是一种执法活动或执行政策的活动。
2.行政管理的含义：是指政府行政机关依法对公共事务及其内部事务管理的总和。
3.【记忆】简述研究和学习行政管理学的具体方法是什么？答：一、根本方法：理论联系实际，坚持“实践——理论——实践”（基本形式）的研究路线。
二、具体方法：1.规范方法。
主要注重事物的共性即规律性的研究。
着眼于建立行政管理学的学术规范，即一般理论和基本原则，并认为这些理论和原则可以对行政现象进行解释并对行政管理实践起指导作用。
2.经验方法（实证方法）。
即行为主义方法，强调在研究过程中只注重对事实的描述，而回避事实背后的规律，即只注重对“是什么”的研究，而不关心“为什么”。
3.案例方法。
是现代管理学、法学等社会科学的研究和教学过程中比较普遍采用的方法。
注重个别事例的特殊性研究。
有助于通过个案了解行政管理过程中的实际运作程序和运作方式，掌握行政管理的方法和艺术。
4.比较方法。
通过对同一个时期不同国家或地区的社会现象（横向比较或共时性比较）、同一个国家或地区不同时期的社会现象进行比较（纵向比较或历时性比较），以找出它们之间的共同点（共同规律）和不同点。
4.【记忆】简述行政管理学的研究内容？答：（1）行政管理学的基本问题（2）行政环境（3）行政权力（4）行政职能（5）行政管理机构（6）行政管理事务（7）行政管理行为（8）行政管理过程（9）行政管理方法（10）行政管理规范（11）行政绩效评估（12）行政发展5.【记忆】为什么说西方行政管理学在19世纪末20世纪初产生并不是偶然的，而是有其历史必然性？答：（1）从理论上看，西方行政管理学的产生既是西方政治学发展的一个必然结果，也是西方管理学兴起的理论产物（2）从实践上看，行政学从政治学中分离出来，是行政实践从政治实践中他离的结果；同时，行政管理学的迅速崛起，也是由于西方行政实践发展的需要6.简述研究和学习行政管理学的意义？答：（1）研究和学习行政管理学，有助于我们了解行政管理的基本规律，为我国行政管理的科学化提供理论依据。
自考英美文学选读00604考前串讲(9)
英美文学考前串讲（8）AMERICAN LITERATUREChapter 2 The Realistic PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. Emily Dickinson was sometimes curious about the feeling of speech of death and in one of her poems she wrote about the______of death, the title of the poem is "I heard a Fly buzz when I died".A. momentB. sufferingC. happinessD. meaningAnswer: A (P518)2. Theodore Dreiser belonged to the school of literary ______which emphasized heredity and environment as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circumstances.A. naturalismB. realismC. determinismD. humanismAnswer: A (P524)3. More than five hundred poems that Dickinson wrote are about nature, in which her general _____about the relationship between man and nature is well expressed.A. scepticismB. eulogyC. happinessD. denialAnswer: A (P518)4. "This is my letter to the World" is a poem expressing Emily Dickinson’s _____about her communication with the outside world.A. happinessB. angerC. anxietyD. sorrowAnswer: C (P520)5. Though secluded herself in her own house, Emily Dickinson was never really indifferent of the outside world, as could be seen in her poems such as "I like to see it lap the Miles", which describes a(n) ______, an embodiment of modern civilization.A. snakeB. animalC. the roadD. trainAnswer: D (P521)6. After "The Adventure of Tom Sawyer", Twain gives a literary independence to Tom’s buddy Huck in a book called_____, and the book from which "all modern American literature comes".A. Life on the Mississippi RiverB. The Gilded AgeC. Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD. The Sun Also RisesAnswer: C (P479---480)7. Winterbourne is used as a ______in Henry James’s "Daisy Miller".A. ProtagonistB. Narrator of the eventsC. A character of central consciousnessD. PersonaAnswer: C (P499)8. Emily Dickinson’s verse is most aptly characterized as ___________.A. exposing the evils of the societyB. paving the way for the following generation of free verse poetsC. sharing the same poetic conventions as Walt WhitmanD. exhibiting sensitiveness to the symbolic implications of experience, such as love, death, immortality and etc.Answer: D (P518)9. The author of "The Portrait of a Lady" is best at_______.A. probing into the unsearched secret part of human lifeB. a truthful delineation of the motives, the impulses, the principles that shape the lives of actual men and women.C. a dramatizing the collisions between two very different cultural systems on an international sceneD. disclosing the social injustices and evils of a civilized society after the Civil War. Answer: C (P496)10. The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as _____________.A. the Age of RealismB. the Age of ModernismC. the Age of RomanticismD. the Age of ColonicalismAnswer: A (P471)11. Who exerts the simple most important influence on literary naturalism?A. EmersonB. Jack LondonC. Theodore DreiserD. DarwinAnswer: D (P475)12. One of the most familiar themes in American naturalism is the theme of human "______".A. bestialityB. goodnessC. compassionD. greedAnswer: A (P476)13. ______is considered by H.L. Mencken as "the true father of our national literature."A. HemingwayB. PoeC. IrvingD. TwainAnswer: D (P477)14. Mark Twain wrote most of his literary works with a _______language.A. grandB. pompousC. simpleD. vernacularAnswer: D (P481)15. Henry James’s fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with________.A. international themeB. national themeC. European themeD. Regional themeAnswer: A (P497)16. In the following writers, who is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th century "Stream-of-consciousness" novels and the founder of psychological realism______________.A. Henry JamesB. Mark TwainC. Emily DickensonD. Theodore DreiserAnswer: A (P498)17. In Henry James’ "Daisy Miller", the author tries to portray the young woman as an embodiment of ___________.A. the corruption of the newly richB. the free spirit of the New WorldC. the decline of aristocracyD. the force of conventionAnswer: B (P499)18. Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of poetic expression of Emily Dickinson’s?A. War and peaceB. Love and marriageC. Life and deathD. ReligionAnswer: A (P517)19. The following titles are all related to the subject that escapes from the society and returns to nature except__________.A. Dreiser’s Sister CarrieB. Copper’s Leather-Stocking TalesC. Thoreau’s WaldenD. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnAnswer: A (P401 / P526)20. The greatest work written by Theodore Dreiser is__________.A. Sister CarrieB. An American TragedyC. The FinancierD. The TitanAnswer: B (P525)21. Closely related to Emily Dickinson’s religious poetry are her poems concerning ___________.A. ChildhoodB. Youth and happinessC. LonelinessD. Death and immortalityAnswer: D (518)22. With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, _________became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.A. sentimentalismB. romanticismC. realismD. naturalismAnswer: C (P474)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. "It was a close place. I took it up, and held it in my hand. I was a trembling, because I’d got to decide, forever, betwixt tow things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to my self:"All right, then, I’ll go to hell"----and tore it up.It was awful thoughts, and awful words, but they was said. And I let them stay said; and never though no more about reforming."1) Who was the "I", which book was the passage taken from? And by whom?2) Why did he think "it was awful thought"? Analyze it.3) Analyze the characteristic of the hero.Answer:1) The character is Huckleberry Finn, the passage is taken from "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" by Mark Twain. (P489)2) It is the climax of the Huck’s inner struggle on the Mississippi, when Huck is conflicting whether or not he should write a letter to tell Miss Watson where Jim is, and he is polarizing/contradicting by the two opposing forces between his heart and his head, between his affection for Jim and the laws of the society against those who help slaves escape. Huck’s final decision -to follow his own good hearted moral impulse rather than conventional village morality. During his thinking Huck thinks of the consequence of helping Jim (the runaway slave), he might go to hell, "it was awful thought", with the eventual victory of his moral conscience over his social awareness, Huck grows. (P480)3) Huck is an innocent and reluctant rebel, a typical American Boy with a "sound heart and deformed conscience". Through the eyes of Huck, the Pre-Civil War American society is fully exposed and we are deeply impressed by Mark Twain’s thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wildness and civilization. (P483)2. "I should think it might be arranged," Winterbourne was thus emboldened to reply. "Couldn’t you get some one to stay----for the afternoon---with Randolph?"Miss Miller looked at him a moment; and then with all serenity, "I wish you’d stay with him!" she said.Questions:1) Please identify the work and the author.2) Please analyze the character of Daisy Miller in literature.参考答案:1) It is taken from Henry James’s "Daisy Miller". (P513)2) She is the American Girl in Europe, a celebrated type who embodies the spirit of the New World. However, innocence, the keynote of her character, turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures. (P499-500)3. "We passed the School, where Children stroveAt Recess---in the Ring---We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain----We passed the Setting Sun---”Questions:1) Please identify the poem and the poet;2) What does "the School, the Fields of Gazing Grain and the Setting Sun" stands for?Answers:1) The lines are from "Because I could not stop fro Death", Emily Dickinson. (P523)2) It stands for three stages of life: the School----youth;the Fields of Gazing Grain----mature period;the Setting Sun------end of life. (P523)4. "The Eyes around---had wrung them dry---And breaths were gathering firmFor that last Onset----when the KingBe witnessed---in the Room----"Questions:1) What is the meaning of the first line?2) What does "the King" refer to?3) What idea does the poem from which this stanza is taken express?Answers:1) It means the relatives and friends had cried and cried so that there were no tears any more. (P521)2) "The King" refers to the God of death. (P521)3) The poem expresses that the author even imagined her own death, the loss of her own body, and the journey of her soul to the unknown. (P518)III. Questions and answers:1. What are the main ideas of Realists of America?Answer:The harsh life and disillusion from the dark memories of the Civil War made the nation dislike the romance, thenew generation of writers came up with new inspirations:1) They were interested in the realities of life. It aimed at the interpretation of the actuality of any aspect of life;2) People’s attention was now directed the interesting features/things of everyday existence/things -something brutal, sordid/mean, class struggle etc.3) The authors introduced common people such as: industrial workers and farmers, ambitious businessmen, vagrants, prostitutes/street girls, and unheroic soldiers in fiction;4) American writers displayed native trends in portrayal of the landscape ad social surface realistically;5) They formed perfect vernacular style in language;6) Some authors explored and exploited/used the literary possibilities of the interior life/psychology, such as Henry James;7) The representatives were: Mark Twain, Henry James, William Dean Howells;In short, they set the example and pictured the future course for the modernism. (in the subject, themes, techniques, and styles of fiction)(P472---474)2. Take examples to analyze the style and theme of Mark Twain.Answer:Mark Twain is a great literary of America, H. L. Mencken considered him "the true father of our national literature".1) Twain’s works like "Adventure of Huckleberry Finn" and "Life on the Mississippi" shaped the views of America and combined American folk humor and serious literature together;2) "The adventures of Tom Sawyer" and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" proved to be the milestone in American literature, and they were the record of a vanishing way of life in the pre-Civil War Mississippi.3) The books were noted for their unpretentious, colloquial, poetic, humorous, innocent and free style;4) The language of Twain was simple, direct, lucid and faithful to truth -"vernacular";5) Twain was famous for a local colorist, who presented social life through portraits of the local characters of his region -people living in the area, the landscape, the customs, dialects, costumes. Especially the theme of the Mississippi valley and the West;6) The work of Twain were always confined to a particular region, historical moment, strong accent, intensifiedhumor to criticize the social injustice and satirize the decayed romanticism. (P477-481)3. Give a comment on the experience of Carrie.参考答案：1) Penniless and "full of the illusions of ignorance and youth", Sister Carrie leaves her rural home to seek work in Chicago, she grows from an innocent, pure country girl to be a girl mature in intellect and emotion, and she becomes a star of musical comedies. But in spite of her success in material, she is not happy but lonely and dissatisfied.2) Sister Carrie best embodies Dreiser’s naturalistic belief that while men are controlled and conditioned by heredity, instinct and chance, a few extraordinary and unsophisticated human beings refuse to accept their fate wordlessly and instead strive, unsuccessfully, to find meaning and purpose for their existence. (P527-528)4. The characteristic and theme analyses of Henry James.Answer:1) The Freudian approach is famous in his novels and his literary essays.2) James took great interest in international themes -the clashed between two different cultures and the emotional and moral problems of Americans in Europe, or Europeans in America in his first period.3) "The Portrait of A Lay" is generally considered to be his masterpiece.4) James experimented with different themes and forms in his middle period.5) In his last an major period, James returned to his "international-theme."6) The typical pattern of the conflict between the two cultures would be that of a young American man or an American girl (Daisy Miller) who goes to Europe and affronts/met with his or her destiny. The unsophisticated boy or girl would be beguiled, betrayed, cruelly wronged at the hands of those who pretend to stand for the highest possible civilization.7) He focuses on psychological approach. His fictional world is concerned more with the inner life of human beings -this emphasis on psychology and on the human consciousness proves to be a big breakthrough in novel writing.8) He is regarded as the forerunner of the 20th century "stream-of-consciousness" novels and the founder of psychological realism.9) James avoids the authorial omniscience as much as possible and makes his characters reveal themselves with his minimal intervention. (P495-498)5. The period from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to the Age of Realism (The Gilded Age) in the literary historyof the United States, why did it happen and what characters did it have?Answer:1) The American society after the Civil War provided rich soil for the rise and development of Realism, and Civil War affected the social and the value system of the country, America had transformed into an industrialized and commercialised society.2) The war stimulated the technological development;3) The booming economy and industry stepped up urbanization;4) The phenomenon of polarization is serious;5) People became doubtful about the human nature and the benevolence/grace of God;6) Gone was the frontier, the spirit of the frontiersman/pioneer, the spirit of freedom and the American dream. (P471---472)6. Please analyze the characteristics of Emily Dickinson’s poems.Answer:1) Dickinson’s poems are usually based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys. But within her little lyrics Dickinson addresses those issues that concern the whole human beings, which include religion, death, immortality, love, and nature. (theme)2) Her masterpiece -----"I heard a Fly buzz---when I died", she looked at death from the point of view of both the living and the dying. She even imagined her own death, the loss of her own body, and the journey of her soul to the unknown.3) The style of Dickinson:A: A particular stress pattern: dash“-------”B: Capital letters as a means of emphasis;C: Language: brief, direct, and plain;D: Poem: short, always on single image or symbol (e.g. "I like to see it lap the miles"---------describe a train in the personification of the literary device)E: Her poems tend to be personal and meditative (e.g. “Because I could not stop for Death”).(P517---519)7. In the representatives of "Local colorism", the writers shared some things in common and also had some differences, please analyze them.Answer:1) 3 prominent writers differed in the understanding of the "truth": Mark Twain and Howells paid attention to the life of the Americans; Henry James emphasized the "inner world";2) Howells focused on the rising middle class, while Twine dealt with the region and the people at the forefront;3) The other local colorists concerned with the life of the small, well-defined region or province, the setting is always the isolated small town;4) They were nostalgic historians, recording the vanishing way of life, and the fading present. (P474---475)8. Analyze the theory of Theodore Dreiser’naturalism with example.Answer:1) His naturalism emphasized heredity and environment as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circumstances. At bottom, life was shown to be ironic, even tragic.2) The characters in his books are often subject to the control of the natural forces -especially those of environment and heredity. For example, the hero Hurstwood’s tragic death showed the theory.3) The effect of Darwinist idea of "survival of the fittest" was shattering. It is not surprising to find in Dreiser’s fiction a world of jungle, where "kill or to be killed" was the law.4) He criticizes materialistic to the core, living in such a society with such a value system, the human individual is obsessed with a never-ending, yet meaningless search for satisfaction of his/her desires. One of the desires is for money which was a motivating purpose of life in the United States in the late 19th century. For example in his masterpiece "Sister Carrie" he traces the material rise of Carrie Meeber, which indicates the critical attitude of the author.5) Sexual beauty symbolizes the acquisition of some social status of great magnitude. (P525---527)9. Darwin’s evolutionary theory gave rise to American naturalism, what are their characteristics?Answer:The American naturalists accepted the more negative implication of Darwin’s theory, and used it to explain the behaviours in literary works.1) They regarded man as the complex combinations of inherited attributes/elements, their habits conditioned/controlled by social and economic forces;2) They chose their subjects from the lower ranks of the society and portrayed misery and poverty/poorness;3) They dealt with the nature of the man of "underdogs" -"bestiality", as an explanation of sexual desire;4) Their languages were unpolished;5) The naturalists believed that the real and true nature is hidden from the eyes o the individual, or beyond his control;6) Naturalism evolved/came from realism, but the tone of the authors were more ironic and pessimistic. (P475-476)。
自考-公文写作与处理-考前考点串讲
• 3.公文是具有法定 效力和规范体式的 文书。（是区别于 其他文章和图书资 料主要之点）
• 4.公文是进行公务 活动的重要工具。
• 夏、商、周:《周易·系 辞》有“书契”。商代 后期：甲骨文书。西周: 专门机构、官吏,
• 秦、汉:“书”“奏”是 我国最早的上行文.
• 文书：使用最为普遍广 泛。既指公务文件也指 私人文件，还可以指称 职务。
• 文件：广义上和文书一 样可指公私文件，狭义 上主要指机关正式行文。
• 公文：即公务文书。
第2节 公文的特点与作用P8-13
学习是一种信仰
公文的特点 P8-10
公文的作用 P10-13
• 1.有法定的作者 • 2.有法定的权威 • 3.有特定的效用 • 4.有规范的体式 • 5.有规定的处理程序
学习是一种信仰
历年每考年试题考型期及分：值１分配、如４下、： ７、１０月
1、单项选择题：20X1分=20分；
2、多1项.单选项择题选：择6X题2分（＝132分0X（1或分16=分）30分) 3、判2断.多说项明题选：择6X3题分（＝1180分X（2或分15=分）20分) 4、简答3题.简：5答X5题分＝（255分X（6或分20=分3）0分）
1.公文的 主题
2.发文的 目的
收集有 关材料
• 要求： 真实 典型 适用 时效
拟出写 作提纲
认真起草 正文
反复检查 修改
1.把握公文主题， 1.关于主题修改:
选好用好材料； 2.观点正确，情 况确实; 3.内容涉及的有 关部门要经过会 商,取得一致意 见；
主题思想是否正确、 论述是否集中、挖 掘是否深刻。 2.观点:是否正确， 表达有无问题。 3.材料:是公文的 基础,有了正确的 观点,还要通过恰
revised-英语词汇学考前串讲
英语词汇学考前串讲1.考试题形式分为：Ⅰ.选择题(30分)：完全是考书中的例子，理论与例子的结合,也就是‘Theory’和‘Example’的结合。
Ⅱ.填空（10分）：考特例,不是考简单的‘Examples﹑Theory’而是考‘Exceptions’ .Ⅲ.（10分）考试内容：ⅰ.Types of meaning changes: 词意变化的种类ⅱ.Types of meaning : 词义的种类，如：概念意义，联想意义，情感意义等。
ⅲ.Languages branches :语系与语族, 语系如：印欧语系；语族如：一个大的语系下分为那几个小的语族，如：日尔曼语族，斯堪的纳维亚语族等。
ⅳ. Feathers of idioms: 习语的特点Ⅳ.(10分) 考试内容：ⅰ.Types of Bound Morphemes: 粘着词素的种类ⅱ.Types of Word Formations: 构词法的种类ⅲ.Types of Meaning: 词义的种类ⅳ.Types of Meaning of Idioms:习语涵义的种类Ⅴ. 名词解释(10分)：Ⅵ. 简答题(12分)：ⅰ.比较题：两种理论/概念之间的区别就叫比较题，比如说‘概念意义与联想意义有何区别，粘着词素与派生词根有何区别，两种事物与两种理论之间的区别等。
ⅱ.名词解释扩展题：难的名词解释派生的简答题，如:Affected Meaning 名词解释起来太长了，放在简答题里，就成为：What is Affected Meaning,briefly exemplify it.ⅲ.Optional: 可考可不考的题，往往是给出名词让你举例子Ⅶ.分析题(18分)：给出例子，让你用理论加以分析。
二. 串讲内容：Introduction 部分：Lexicology 这门课算哪一种学科的分支:Lexicology is a branch of linguistics.Lexicology和那些重要的学科建立了联系:1)Morphology 2) Semantics 3) Stylistics 4) Etymology 5) Lexicography研究lexicology 的两大方法:1) Diachronic approach : 历时语言学2) Synchronic approach : 共时语言学e.g. wife纵观历时语言学的方法论，woman 词义的变化算是词义变化的哪一种模式？Woman 的词义的变化算Narrowing or specialization第一章部分：What is word ?词具有哪些特点？词的特点也就是对词的名词解释。
河南中考英语考前串讲
3. He’s just back , ____he? A. isn’t B. is C. has D. hasn’t。
主要考查: 词性、固定搭配、词义辨析及篇 章语意的理解。
三、阅读理解
1．第一步： 看图片，汉字，标题。 2.第二步： 看题目，选出关键词，初选答案 3.第三步：看文章，从文中找到依据并做下记号， 再去选择正确答案，保证正确率。（一般是一道 题对应一段，段落长的话会有两题，最多两题）。 特别要注意认真阅读题干，明确答题要求，（Not true）。 Only，all一般是不选的 有反义词一定是其中一个（happy，sad） 答案中有具体数字1998,20students，一般是错的。 第四篇阅读：一定要找到相同或相近的词去匹配。
Wish you a great success and good luck!
一。 选择题：
1。尽量使用排除法，先去掉错误的2个答案再分析
剩下的：
2。务必要把题目和4个答案都认真看完整，不能只 看到A或B认为是正确的就不看C 或 D了。
3. 代入复查，分析结构，谨防陷阱。 4. 把握不准的题目，作适当的记号，以便优先复 查
1. I wonder ____ I can do to help you. A. whether B. how C. what D. when 2. He will spend as much time as he can ___others. A. help B. helps C. to help D. helping
except, besides, including
考 点 扫 瞄
6.形容词比较级than和最高级the 7.动词短语 8.时态（一般过去时，现在完成时，现在进行时， 过去进行时）
1-10第十节 排泄的护理-考点串讲2
历年考题
例：某患者自行排便1次，灌肠后又排便2次，在体温单上正确的
记录是
A．3 2/E
B．1/2E
C．2/E D．1/E E．1 2/E
注意事项
根据医嘱及评估结果，准确掌握灌肠溶液的温度、浓度、流速、 压力和液量。为伤寒病人灌肠时，溶液量不得超过500ml，压
力要低，即液面距肛门不得超过30cm；肝性脑病病人禁用肥皂
为女病人导尿时，如导尿管误插入阴道，应立即拔出，重新
更换无菌导尿管后再插入
对膀胱高度膨胀且极度虚弱的病人，第一次放尿量不可超过
1000ml
一次放液知多少
– – – – –
心包积液时，一次放液不超过200ml 尿潴留病人一次放尿不超过1000ml
气胸、胸腔积液病人一次放气、放液不超过1000ml
不同灌肠法的比较
类型 大量不保留灌肠 肛管插入深度 7～10cm 保留时间 5～10分钟
小量不保留灌肠
保留灌肠 肛管排气
7～10cm
15～20cm 15～18cm
5～10分钟
1小时以上 不超过20分钟
本节内容非常重要，每年考试均有涉及，每年约4～6题，考生应重点
掌握：
异常尿液的观察 导尿术的操作和注意事项 留臵导尿如何预防逆行感染 大量不保留灌肠的溶液、量和温度，操作方法和注意事项 保留灌肠的体位、保留时间
2015年全国护士执业资格考试 考前冲刺串讲
第十节 排泄护理
第一章 基础护理知识和技能
考试重点
– 异常尿液的观察 – 导尿术的操作和注意事项 – 留臵导尿如何预防逆行感染 – 大量不保留灌肠的溶液、量和温度，操作方法和注意事项 – 保留灌肠的体位、保留时间 – 肛管排气的目的、保留时间
注册会计师考试考前串讲,章节知识点汇总第二十九章 公允价值计量
第二十九章公允价值计量◇知识点：主要市场和最有利市场★企业以公允价值计量相关资产或负债，应当假定出售资产或转移负债的有序交易在该资产或负债的主要市场进行。
不存在主要市场的，企业应当假定该交易在相关资产或负债的最有利市场进行。
★企业在根据主要市场或最有利市场的交易价格确定相关资产或负债的公允价值时，不应根据交易费用对该价格进行调整。
交易费用不包括运输费用。
【例题·单选题】下列关于主要市场或最有利市场的应用，说法正确的是（）。
A.不存在主要市场或无法确定主要市场的，企业应当以相关资产或负债最有利市场的价格为基础，确定其公允价值B.企业在根据主要市场或最有利市场的交易价格确定相关资产或负债的公允价值时，应根据交易费用对该价格进行调整C.企业在确定相关资产或负债的公允价值时，不应考虑运输费用的影响D.如果企业能够在计量日在主要市场以外的另一个市场上获得更高的出售价格或更低的转移价格，企业应以另一市场的价格为基础，计量资产或负债的公允价值『正确答案』A『答案解析』选项B，企业在根据主要市场或最有利市场的交易价格确定相关资产或负债的公允价值时，不应根据交易费用对该价格进行调整；选项C，企业在确定相关资产或负债的公允价值时，需要考虑运输费用的影响，相关资产所在的地理位置是该项资产的特征，因此在判断其公允价值时需要考虑运输费用的影响；选项D，即使企业能够在计量日在主要市场以外的另一个市场上获得更高的出售价格或更低的转移价格，企业也仍应当以主要市场上相关资产或负债的价格为基础，计量该资产或负债的公允价值。
◇知识点：输入值★企业以公允价值计量相关资产或负债，应当考虑市场参与者在对相关资产或负债进行定价时所使用的假设。
市场参与者所使用的假设即为输入值，可分为可观察输入值和不可观察输入值。
★企业使用估值技术时，应当优先使用可观察输入值，仅当相关可观察输入值无法取得或取得不切实可行时才使用不可观察输入值。
企业通常可以从交易所市场、做市商市场、经纪人市场、直接交易市场获得可观察输入值。
最新自考城市住宅区规划原理 复习必看 考前冲刺串讲
城市住宅区规划原理06225考试题型及题量1单项选择题1×1010分2多项选择题2×510分3填空题1×1010分4判断改错题3×515分5简答题5×630分6论述题25分不考章节一般考核章节其余重点考核章节城市住宅区规划原理复习题第一章住宅区的意义与组成一、单项选择题1、 A 是一个城市中住房集中，并设有一定数量及相应规模的公共服务设施和公用设施的地区，是一个在一定地域范围内为居民提供居住、游憩和日常生活服务的社区。
A、居住区B、居住小区C、居住组团D、住宅街坊2、 B 指由城市道路或自然界线河流等划分的、具有一定规模并不为城市交通干A、居住区B、居住小区C、居住组团D、住宅街坊3、 BA、居住区B、居住小区C、居住组团D、住宅街坊4、 C最基本的管理服务设施和庭院。
A、居住区B、居住小区C、居住组团D、住宅街坊5、 CA、居住区B、居住小区C、居住组团D、住宅街坊6、 D 是由城市道路或居住区道路划分用地大小不定无固定规模的住宅建设地块。
A、居住区B、居住小区C、居住组团D、住宅街坊7、 A种适合于现有城市道路网，特别是旧城区的住宅区形式。
A、住宅群落B、居住小区C、居住组团D、住宅街坊8、居住区、居住小区和居住组团的用地规模主要是以一般的 D 为基础来确定的。
A、人口规模B、土地面积C、容积率D、多层住宅区9、 A 是居住区、居住小区和居住组团划分以及各类设施配套的重要依据。
A、人口规模B、土地面积C、容积率D、多层住宅区10、高层高密度的住宅区的用地规模将分别相应地 A规模将分别相应地A、减小、增大B、增大、减小C、减小、减小D、增大、增大11、在城市居住区中规模一般均应进行 BA、二级B、三级C、四级D、五级12、城市居住区中 CA、二级B、三级C、四级D、五级13、居住区规划的分级要求是以各类公共服务设施、道路和公共绿地与户外活动场地所使用的 A 为依据的。