【完整升级版】专业英语翻译教案

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浙江师范大学

外国语学院

课程大纲及教案

专业名称：英语专业

课程名称：《翻译》（1）

主导教材：毛荣贵《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》所属课程组：翻译组

课程负责人：

适用年级：英语专业本科2003级

学年第二学期

翻译（1）（2）课程大纲

一、课程概况

课程名称：翻译

课程类别：专业基础课课程编号：，

学分：4 学时：68 开课学期：五、六

二、课程教学目标和要求

1、[教学目标]

通过本课程的教学，帮助学生有效提高翻译实践能力和理论认识，达到高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲对其翻译能力的基本要求，即：能运用翻译理论与技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语，译文忠实、流畅，译速每小时个英文单词汉字，使之可以胜任未来的中学英语教学以及其他涉及翻译能力的工作。

2、[课程要求]

本课程为系列专业基础课，由英译汉和汉译英组成，要求学生按顺序修读。为达到课程教学的目的，采用讲练结合的方式，布臵相当数量的课后作业要求学生按时按量完成，并积极参与课堂讨论。

三、教学内容与教学安排

1、[教学内容要点]

本课程教学以实践为主，理论为辅，重点是翻译技巧的介绍与练笔，翻译内容涉及各类文体、各个领域。课程安排按照讲练结合的原则展开，帮助学生有步骤有针对性地训练翻译的基本技能。通过大量的练习和讲评，强化学生对不同文本语体特点和翻译原则的认识，为其将来从事翻译工作或运用英语作为工作语言打下坚实的双语转换实践基础。

2、[教学安排]

本课程教学依据教学大纲，安排在本科三年级上、下两学期进行，共计68学时，其中36学时为英译汉，32学时为汉译英，每周2学时。教学计划允许授课教师在具体操作中有一定的灵活度，但至少应包含以下3部分的主题内容：

1)翻译概述（含翻译的标准、原则、过程、中外翻译简史及翻译名家的主要观点等）；

2)翻译技巧讲练（介绍主要的英汉互译技巧，结合学生的练笔进行讲评）；

3)多视角的翻译实践与研究（不同领域的翻译实践及其操作原则与技巧，如外来词

翻译、报刊标题及新闻翻译、旅游翻译、科技翻译、广告翻译、文化与翻译等；

在实践的基础上开始涉猎翻译的前沿理论，提高学生对翻译的理性认识，目的在

于训练其解决问题的探索能力，为其将来从事翻译实践或理论研究开辟一个窗

口）。

四、教材及主要参考资料

教材：

毛荣贵：《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》，上海交通大学出版社2002年版

毛荣贵：《新世纪大学汉英翻译教程》，上海交通大学出版社2002年版主要参考资料：

Newmark, P. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.

Nida, E. A. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP, 1993.

Nida, E. A. Language and Culture: Contexts in Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.

陈宏薇：《新实用汉译英教程》，湖北教育出版社2000年版

冯庆华：《实用翻译教程》(英汉互译) ，上海外语教育出版社2002年版

杨平：《名作精译—〈中国翻译〉英译汉选萃》，青岛出版社1998年版

张培基：《英汉翻译教程》，上海外语教育出版社1980年版

中国日报网站：《汉英最新特色词汇》，上海社会科学院出版社2002年版

《中国翻译》杂志。

五、作业与考核方式

作业：相关翻译练习

考核方式：课程考核以平时作业和期末闭卷考试相结合的方式，考核成绩由平时作业成绩（30%）和期末考试卷面成绩（70%）组成。

Teaching Plan for Translation (1)

◇Title of Lesson: A Brief Introduction to Translation Week 1

◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

1．Help the students achieve a basic understanding of translation: its nature, classification, evaluation criteria, the role of translator, etc.

2．Briefly introduce to the students the development of translation in China.

◇Key Teaching Points：

1．The nature and evaluation criteria of translation.

2．The difficulties involved in translating process.

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

1．The nature of translation.

2．The evaluation criteria of translation.

3．The influence of language cultural barriers on translation.

◇Teaching Contents:

I.Discussion:

●What is translation?

●What is a successful translation?

●What difficulties might occur in translating process?

A.What is translation?

1.Key words:

source language(SL) receptor language target language(TL); reproduce;

message information; equivalence correspondence

2.Nature of translation (Eugene A. Nida):

Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural

equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly

in terms of style.

3.Classification of translation:

a.Oral interpretation written translation

b.Human translation machine translation

c.Literary scientific political commercial translation

d.Domestication (naturalization) foreignization (estrangement, alienation)

e.Literal translation free translation

B.What is a successful translation?

1.严复：信、达、雅(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)

2.傅雷：以效果而论，翻译应当象临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似

3.钱钟书：诱、讹、化

4.Eugene A. Nida: natural close; dynamicfunctional equivalence

C.What difficulties might occur in translating process?

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f24599533.html,nguage Cultural Barriers

Translatability is lower when (1) the work to be translated is quite distant both in

time and space; (2) its form is very much unique; (3) the content is not shared in the

two cultures.

→Betrayal: Loss Distortion

2.Example analysis:

a.东边日出西边雨，道是无晴．却有晴．。

b.纵一苇

．．之所如，凌万顷之茫然

The whole sky spangled gay twinkling stars, and the Milky Way is as distinct as though it washed and rubbed with snow for -widowed.

—Romeo and Juliet

译文1：他要借你做牵引相思的桥梁

可是我却要做一个独守空闺的怨女而死去。

译文2：他本要借你做捷径，登上我的床；

可怜我这处女，活守寡，到死是处女。

3.In the long run there is a tendency: translation itself can convert intranslatability

into translatability.

e.g. crocodile‘s tears; science democracy

II.The Role of Translator:

The craft of translator is … deeply ambivalent; it is exercised in a radical tension between impulses to facsimile and impulses to appropriate recreation.

— George Steiner 译者的技艺是一个深刻的矛盾体。这种技艺是在两种冲动的极度张力之间形成的：一方面是依样画葫芦的冲动，另一方面又有适当再创作的冲动。

A.Metaphors for translator:

1. A courier of the spirits （普希金）

2. A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting

3. A straitjacketed dancer

4. A musician an actor

5.Traduttori-traditori (Translators are traitors.)

B.Responsibility of translator:

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f24599533.html,petent linguistic ability & bicultural knowledge

2.Being as transparent as possible

3.Being a good negotiator

III.The Development of Translation in China:

翻译史上的三个高峰期：

1.汉至唐宋佛经的转译：支谦；鸠摩罗什；道安；玄奘

2.明清以后西欧科技文化的引进：徐光启；严复；林纾；（译才并世数严林－康

有为）

3.五四之后的现代阶段：郭沫若；鲁迅；瞿秋白；傅雷；钱钟书

IV.Homework:

《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》（P. 46）

◇Title of Lesson: Contrast between English and Chinese (1) Week 2

◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

1．Introduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese.

2．Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.

◇Key Teaching Points：

The difference of language embodies the difference in thinking styles.

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating process

◇Teaching Contents:

I.Thinking Style and Diction

A.Insubstantial（虚）vs. Substantial（实）

1.Embodiment

e.g. In this new year, we face momentous uncertainties: war (or wars), a weak

economy.

译：这新的一年里，我们面临着战争（乃至连续的

．．．重大

．．．战争）、经济低迷等一系列

的不确定因素

．．。

2.Visualization

e.g. utterly quiet鸦雀无声

e.g. In 1966 the North Korean team made it to the quarter finals.

译：1966年，北朝鲜队成功地踢进

．．了四分之一决赛。

B.Static（静）vs. Dynamic（动）

Examples:

1) Compare the following two sentences and decide which one is better:

a) The pop star appeared on the stage, which caused the audience to stand up and

applaud.

b) The pop star‘s presence on the stage brought the audience to their feet in

applause.

2) Translate the following sentence:

They are the employers of managers as much as they are the employs of workpeople.

译：他们不仅雇佣

．．工人也雇佣

．．经理。

II.Thinking Style and Syntax

A.Hypotaxis（从属结构）vs. Parataxis（并列结构）

1. e.g. It is a pity, that any technology are always preceded by a radical change in

(无灵名词) as subject

e.g. Doubts began to creep into people‘s minds about the likely success of the

project.

译：人们

．．渐渐对这项计划成功的可能性产生了怀疑。

2.Preparatory word: it

3. e.g. It agentdoer)

e.g. It is generally believed that Hong Kong will continue to keep its prosperity and

stability after its return to China.

译：人们

．．普遍认为香港回归后会继续保持繁荣和稳定。

B.Subject-Prominent（主语句）vs. Topic-Prominent（主题句）

Examples:

1.1) We could only build one for it, you must carry on.

2.Cigarettes were the death of me.

3.If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening

does not wish to get into trouble, the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street.

4.If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always.

5.Her sighs made it clear that she was unhappy.

6.They serious disease if certain important elements are missing.

7.By the end of the war, 800 people saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200

Belgian and French lives.

It should be noted that : Contrast between English and Chinese (2) Week 3

◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

1．Introduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese.

2．Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.

◇Key Teaching Points：

1．Lexical differences;

2．Syntactic differences.

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating process

◇Teaching Contents:

Comment on the ; palace (**compare with dragon)

1.No equivalent

e.g. mascon, cosplay →a tendency of translatability (e.g. bar, disco)

2.Partial equivalent

a.Polysemy（一词多义）

e.g. aunt, bird, drink,

to ; lead; bill; reed read

b.Fixed expressions

e.g. ready money pocket money easy money of the other.

B.Word order

1.Attributive modifiers

Examples:

1) something important 重要

．．的事

2) the ancient Chinese poet中国古代

．．．．诗人

3) a little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar一个身材瘦小

．．．

．．．．的叫化子，面黄肌

瘦，衣衫褴褛，胡子拉渣的，还瘸着腿

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

4) a candidate with little chance of success 一个当选希望极微

．．．．．．的候选人

2.Adverbial modifiers

Examples:

1) to develop rapidly迅速发展；extremely fast快极了极快

2) With a bag of books we walked across the garden in the gray light of the dawn.

我们提着一袋书

．．．．穿过了花园。

．．．．．，在晨曦中

3) He was quick to use self-deprecating in Rome on May 27, 1980.

他是1980

．．。

．．．．年．5．月．27．．日在罗马

．．．．年．5．月．27．．日．出生于罗马

．．．．出生的。他于1980

II.Syntactic Differences

A.Transformation of sentence structure

1.Simple Sentence →Complex Sentence

e.g. His superior grades at -free College of the City of New York.

由于在中学成绩优异，他进入了免费的纽约市立大学。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f24599533.html,plex Sentence →Simple Sentence

e.g. That is certain. 他肯定会来参加讨论的。

e.g. He doesn‘t know what life means to know the meaning of war and what it

was in reality.

当时我确实还不太懂得战争的意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。

3.Passive V oice →Active Voice

e.g. He is respected by everybody. 人人都尊敬他。

e.g. I was told not to trust what I read in the newspaper. 有人告诉我不要相信报

纸上读到的消息。

B.Sentence order

1.Time order

e.g. He in just the day before from Georgia where basking in the Caucasian sun

after the completion of the construction job engaged in in the South.

译：他本来在南部从事一项建筑工程；任务完成之后，他就上格鲁吉亚去度假，享受高加索的阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。

2.Logic order

a.Cause-result order

b. e.g. He –result order

e.g. She will play the piano only if she is paid. 只有付给她报酬，她才愿意演

奏钢琴。

III.Homework

A.Presentation task:

PK台

–Please find the full word of PK and its original meaning. Any related information would also be appreciated.

–Make a PPT document to present what you 5 minutes.

–At the end of the PPT, put in the source of your knowledge and the names of all your group members also.

B.Translate the following paragraph:

It seemed a point scored for Joanne, panicked that -law would bungle the turnoff for the Pulaski Skyway, shattered the tip of the baby‘s belly. It went unnoticed for a second until Corinne screamed; then they all saw it, a little flea of fire glowing beside the perfect navel.

Joanne jumped, and squealed with guilt, and flapped dot of char on the globe of immaculate skin. Corinne continued urgent. Mother a department store; Joanne dabbed some of this on, and in time Corinne, shaken by more and more widely spaced spasms of sobbing,

mercifully dragged :

琼恩正以为自己领先了一分呢，忽然间她的公公在拐弯驶向普拉斯基公路时差一点要出车祸；她一惊之下，手里的烟头碰上车座靠背，发烫的烟灰（燃着的烟灰）落在了婴儿的肚子上。起初的一瞬间谁也没有注意，等到科琳大声哭了起来，大家这才看见有跳蚤那么大的一颗火星儿在那十全十美的肚脐边上闪着亮。琼恩弹（蹦）了起来，满怀罪恶感地尖叫着，又是拍手又是跺脚，把孩子紧紧搂在怀里。然而罪证是无法销毁的了，在白璧无瑕的滚圆的肚皮上，烫出了一粒棕色的圆点。科琳哭得死去活来，不时凄厉地倒抽一口气。这时大家翻钱包，摸衣兜，找凡士林，黄油，牙膏——总之，能当药膏用的就行。母亲拿出一小瓶花露水，是一家百货公司的赠品；琼恩把它轻轻地抹在孩子的伤处上。渐渐地，科琳抽噎的间歇拉长了，又过了一阵，她总算饶了他们，带着伤进入了梦乡。

◇Title of Lesson: Transfer of Word Meaning Week 4

◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

1．Acquaint the students with a general idea about of word meaning

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

1．Commendatory sense and derogatory sense

2．Amplification of word meaning

◇Teaching Contents:

I.Representation

Comment on the only be decided in certain context. For example:

1.cover:

a.They laid a stretcher and covered blood.

b.We covered 400km in three election for BBC television.

c.I‘m going to the doctor‘s tomorrow so do you think you could cover my shift

for me?

d.Will ￡50 cover your expense?

e.Does your travel insurance cover you against the loss or theft of cash?

f.I think more singers any other son

g.

g.We‘ve got all the exits covered, so they‘ve got no chance of escape.

Reference Version:

a.他们把他放上担架，给他盖上

．．毯子。

b.绷带上浸透

．．了血。

c.三个小时我们赶．了400公里路．。

d.这些停车限制对本地住户和外来人员同样适用

．．吗？

e.新的办事处业务遍及

．．．．全苏格兰。

f.她在为英国广播公司的电视台报道

．．美国大选。

g.明天我要去看医生，你能替我代班

．．吗？

h.50英镑够．你花了吗？

i.你的旅行保险金能补偿

．．你的现金丢失或失窃吗？

j.我想和其他他歌相比，?Yesterday?被更多的歌手翻唱

．．过。

k.我们封锁

．．了所有的出口，使他们插翅难逃。

2.back:

a.She put the saddle on the is backed by the U.N.

Our cat one of you :

a.她把马鞍放在马背．上。

b.她把车子倒．出窄路。

c.你会支持

．．我反对其他人吗？

d.该组织由联合国资助

．．。

e.我们的猫断了一条后．腿。

f.你读完杂志后记得放回原处

．．．。

B.Collocation:

Sometimes different Chinese Words should be employed to transfer the same English word in order to form proper collocation.

e.g. exercise:

exercise options（行使

．．垄断）；

．．选择权）；exercise monopoly（实施

exercise judgment（作出

．．判断）；exercise democracy（实行

．．民主）；

exercise responsibility（履行

．．影响）

．．责任）；exercise influence（施加

C.Word Form:

In many cases, different word forms (such as tense, plural form, etc.) lead to great difference in word meaning. For example:

1) The roofs of this pagoda are constructed of colored glazed tiles of yellows and greens.

这座宝塔的塔顶是用深浅不同的黄色和绿色

．．．．．．．．．．的琉璃瓦盖成的。

1.2) She rejected of . 他是位有名望

．．的人。

D.His notoriety as a rake did not come until certain context.

For example:

1.Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.

凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙

．．．．。

2.He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately reputation. I believe the reputation

was not deserved.

他是个诚实正直的人，但却不幸有某种坏名声

．．．。

．．．。我相信他不该有这个坏名声

1.The word itself aggressive salesman. 他是个很有进取心干劲

．．．．．．的销售员。

II.Aggressive photographers followed the princess everywhere and flooded the media with photos of aggressive policy after of Word Meaning（词义的引申）

A.虚实引申

1.具体化引申

英语中也用代表抽象概念或属性的词表示具体事物，译成汉语时一般作具体化引申（concretion) 。

e.g. During the meeting, the Chinese Premier met respectively with , British and

Japanese counterparts.

会议期间，中国总理

．．和日本国内阁总理大

．．．．．

．．、英国首相

．．分别会晤了德国总理

臣．。

2.抽象化引申

英语中，特别是现代英语中，常用一个表示具体形象的词来表示一种属性、一个事物或一种概念。翻译这类词时，一般将词义加以抽象化引申（abstraction)，

使译文流畅、自然。

e.g. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in .‖

尤利西斯格兰特将军曾对自己的军事成就作了如下评价：―事实上，我认为自

己是个动词

．．．．（从属而被动

．．．．．）。‖

．．．．．．．）；而不是个人称代词

．．（独立而富于行动

e.g. U.S. influence and prestige nosedived in Africa

美国在非洲的影响和声望急剧下降

．．．．。

B.逻辑引申

e.g. Really, though, the books were about money – who keep the butcher waiting.

实际上，这些书与金钱息息相关——谁得到了它，把它藏到哪儿，一身衣服要多

．．．．．．

少钱，你能在肉贩那儿赊多久的帐

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。

III.Homework

Find the different meaning of the single form and plural form of the following words:

art 美术，艺术；技术

arts 人文科学，文科

chain 链条；连锁店

chains 枷锁，镣铐

charity 救济金；施舍物；宽大

charities 慈善机构

cord （细）绳

cords 灯心绒裤

damage 损害

damages 损害赔偿费

expectation 期待，预期

expectations 前程，成功的前景

地平线

批准，认可

sanctions 国际制裁

◇Title of Lesson: Converting Week 5

◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

Introduce to the students one of the translating methods: converting.

◇Key Teaching Points：

1．Converting into verbs

2．Converting into nouns

3．Converting into adjectives

4．Converting into adverbs

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

1．Converting into verbs

2．Converting into nouns

◇Teaching Contents:

Owing to the different thinking styles and language the Israeli withdrawal from West Bank and Gaza Strip.

1967年联合国文件要求以色列从约旦河西岸和加沙地带撤军

．．中东冲

．．以解决

突。

1.Nouns containing verbal sense（含有动作意思的名词）

e.g. A look at ; sometimes they embody a verbal sense instead. These nouns are often

converted into verbs during translating, especially when they do not your class are

good singers.

你们班上有些人歌唱．得很好。

Nouns as the principle part of a fixed expression（作为习语主体的名词）e.g. Shall

we of . 他没提到他辞职

．．的事。

A.Prepositions Converted into Verbs

e.g. Did you see the boy in blue? 你看到那个穿．蓝衣服的男孩了吗？

e.g. Drug taking is against the law. 吸毒是违．法的。

B.Adjectives Converted into V erbs

英语中表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在联系动词后做表语时，往往转译成动词。例如：able, afraid, angry , anxious, ashamed, aware, careful, cautious,

certain, concerned, confident, delighted, doubtful , ignorant, glad, grateful, sorry,

sure ,thankful, etc.

e.g. The doctors said that they are not sure whether they can save a week,

working people barely aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple

maintenance and of another independent country must be stopped.

侵犯另一个独立国家的行为必须予以制止

．．．．。

C.Adjectives Converted into Nouns

e.g. Crying is considered to be characteristic of woman.

人们认为爱哭是女人的特点

．．。

e.g. In this fission fragments are very radioactive.

在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性

．．．。

**此外，the + adj.往往表示一类人，通常也汉译为名词。

e.g. Do not look down upon the poor. 不要看不起穷人

．．。

D.Adverbs Converted into Nouns

e.g. Nowadays many people in the society are materially rich but spiritually poor. 当今

社会中，有许多人物质

．．空虚。

．．富有却精神

E.Pronouns Converted into Nouns

e.g. Radio waves are similar to light waves except that their wavelength is much greater.

无线电波与光波相似，但无线电波

．．．．的波长要长得多。

II.Converting into Adjectives

A.Nouns Converted into Adjectives (aan + n.)

e.g. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.

独立思考对学习是绝对必需

．．．．．。

．．必不可少的

B.Adverbs Converted into Adjectives

e.g. This film impressed we study their properties can we make better use of these

materials. 只有研究这些材料的特点才能更好地

．．．利用它们。

1. e.g. A ill, Crane continued to write.

2.The language of the poem is colloquial, yet it's deep in its understanding of emotions.

3.Independent observers the achievements you this direction.

4.Traditionally, there good relations between them.

5.No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the

old generation back 36 years ago.

6.It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.

7.The lecture was called Thieves, and was a demonstration that the proprietor of an

unearned income inflicted on the community exactly the same injury as a burglar does.

8.The young scholar worked long meager food, in cold , up the path, up the steps, across

the veranda and into the porch.

9.Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn u p in the earth‘s atmosphere after

completing their missions.

Reference Version:

1.在此期间，克兰处于半饥饿状态，而且常常生病，但他仍坚持写作。（a.→n.; a.→v.）

2.诗的语言虽很通俗，但对人的感情的揭示理解却有深度。（a.→n.）

3.有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成就给予了积极的评价。(v.+adv. →

v.+a.+n.)

4.他们之间一直保持着传统的友好关系。（adv.→a.）

5.难怪老一辈的人见了这个就会想起36年前的往事。（n.→v.）

6.生于社会，就不可能脱离社会。（a.→v.）

7.演讲的题目是?贼?，表明了一个攥取不义之财的人对公众造成的危害和盗贼是完全

一样的。（n.→v.）

8.年轻的学者吃着简单的饭食，住在寒冷的茅屋，靠着昏暗的灯光，长时间地工作着。

(prep.→v.)

9.她轻盈地越过草地，跑上小道，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，走进了门廊。(prep.→v.)

10.大多数美国卫星完成使命后，按其设计在大气层中焚毁。（v.→n.）

III.Homework

Versatile Man

It is, perhaps, no accident that many of the outstanding figures of the past were exceptionally versatile men. Right up until comparatively recent times, it was possible for an intelligent person to acquaint of genius like Leonardo da Vinci or Sir Philip Sidney engaged in many careers at once as a matter of course. Da Vinci was so busy with battle when came very near to fulfilling the Renaissance ideal of the ―universal man‖, the man who was proficient at everything.

Today, we rarely, if ever, , far from being admired, is more often regarded with suspicion. The modern world is a world of order to compete with their fellows.

With this , the frontiers of knowledge are steadily being pushed back more rapidly than ever before. But this achieved without considerable cost. The scientist, who outside particular subject is little more than a moron, is a modern phenomenon, as is the man of letters who is barely aware of the tremendous strides that made in technology. Similarly, specialization every walk of life. Many activities which were once pursued for their own sakes, are often given up in despair: they require techniques, the experts tell us, which take a life-time to master. Why learn to play the piano, when you can listen to the world‘s greatest pianists in your own drawing-room?

Little by little, we are becoming more and more isolated from each other. It is almost impossible to talk to your neighbor about if roughly the same work as you are. The Royal Society in Britain includes among its members only the most eminent scientists in the country. Yet it is understand 50% of what is being said!

Reference version:

多才多艺的人

过去有许多杰出人物都异乎寻常地多才多艺，这也许并不是偶然的。就在距今不远的时代，一个聪明人仍有可能熟悉几乎每一个门类的知识。因此，对于列奥纳多〃达〃芬奇和菲利普〃西德尼爵士这样的天才来说，同时致力于好几种事业也是顺理成章的事。达〃芬奇忙于众多的发明，几乎抽不出时间来完成他的画作；三十二岁就战死在沙场的西德尼不仅是一名勇敢的战士，也是才华横溢的学者和诗人。他们很接近文艺复兴时期对理想人物的要求——?全才?，即精通一切的人。

今天，我们很难得会听说哪位音乐家刚刚发明了一种新型的潜水艇。知识领域被一分再分，分成无数个范围狭窄而且互不通气的部门。人们敬仰的是专家；多面手非但不受人钦佩，反而常常遭到怀疑。当今的世界是精通专业的?专家?的世界，这些专家不得不用自己一生的大部分时间研究一个十分狭小的领域，这样才能与同行竞争。

随着专业化程度的提高，知识的疆界正以前所未有的速度不断拓展。然而我们也为此付出了相当大的代价。现在一个科学家离开了他自己的专业就不会比一个傻子强多少，正象一个文学家对科技方面的重大进展几乎一无所知一样，这都是现代才有的现象。同样的，专业化也间接影响到了各行各业的普通人。以前仅仅是由于对它们本身感到兴趣而去从事的许多活动，后来却往往被无可奈何地放弃了，因为专家们说，从事这些活动所需要的技巧得付出毕生的精力才能掌握。当你能在自家客厅里欣赏到世界上最杰出的钢琴家的演奏时，你干吗还要学钢琴呢？

渐渐地，人们相互间的隔阂变得越来越深了。你简直不可能跟你的邻居交谈工作上的事，哪怕他的工作跟你的相差不多。英国皇家学会的会员都是全国最优秀的科学家。然而，令人深感不安的是，正如它的一位会员所指出的那样，即便是在这里举办一次讲座，也只有10％的会员能够听懂其中50％的内容！

◇Title of Lesson: Adding Week 6

◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

Introduce to the students one of the translating methods: adding words.

◇Key Teaching Points：

1．Adding verbs

2．Adding nouns

3．Adding words which indicate the plural form or tense

4．Adding words which are syntactically omitted in the source text

5．Adding words which suggest the textual social context

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

1．Adding nouns

2．Adding words which indicate the tense

3．Adding words which suggest the textual social context

◇Teaching Contents:

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f24599533.html,ment on the of adding

英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时既可能将词类转换，有时候也可能将词量增减。

增词法就是在翻译时按意义上或修辞上或句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实、通顺地表达原文思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地随意乱加，而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其义的一些词。

II.Adding verbs

e.g. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no ―ordinary Chinese‖with paper flags

and flowers.

—没有发表

．．纸旗和花束的场

．．，也没有?中国群众?挥舞

．．讲话，没有各国外交官到场

面。

e.g. After the banquets, the concerts, and the table tennis exhibitions, the drafting of the final

communiqué.

—参加

．．了乒乓球表演赛之后，他还得起草最后公报。

．．过音乐会，观看

．．完宴会，出席

e.g. I‘m really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an interview.

—我今天上午的确很忙，要上．两节课，开．一个会，还要接受

．．一个采访。

III.Adding adjectives

e.g. With what enthusiasm the Beijingers are studying foreign languages!

—北京的人们正以多么高．的热情学习外语啊！

e.g. What a daylife! —多么（热冷难熬幸福悲惨

．．．．．．．．）的一天生活啊！

IV.Adding adverbs

e.g. How the little girl looked after talking, words poured out.

—他一开讲，就滔滔不绝地

．．．．．讲个没完。

V.Adding nouns

A.After the intransitive verb

e.g. Be sure to wash before meal. —饭前一定要洗手．。

e.g. Doesn‘t she wash after getting up?

—起床后她难道不洗漱（洗脸．刷牙．）吗？

e.g. He sometimes forgets to wash before going to bed.

—他有时忘记洗脚．就上床睡觉。

e.g. Day after day she does the same: washing, sweeping, and cooking.

—她日复一日地做着同样的家务：洗衣服

．．，做饭．。

．．，拖地板

B.Before the adjective

e.g. The radio is indeed cheap and fine.

—这台收音机真是物．美价．廉。

e.g. She is a complicated girl – moody, sensitive and skeptical.

—她是个性格

．．复杂的人：喜怒无常，多愁善感，疑神疑鬼。

C.After the abstract noun

e.g. After all preparations were made, the sports meet began.

—一切准备工作

．．就绪后，运动会开始了。

e.g. In the summer of 1969, the government publicly urged an easing of tensions with

China.

—一九六九年夏天，政府公开主张缓和与中国的紧张关系

．．。

D.After the concrete noun

e.g. He felt the patriot rise within son guilty.

—法官的职责

．．战胜了父子之情．，他最终判决自己的儿子有罪。

VI.Adding words which indicate the plural form

汉语中名词的复数没有词型变化，很多情况下不必表达出来，但要表达指多数人的名词时，可用?们?，如?老师们，同学们?，或在名词前加?各位诸位?或独立使用?大家?；表达事物的复数时可用?若干?等。此外，英语名词复数汉译时还可根据情况，增加重叠词、数词或其他一些词来表达，以提高修辞效果。

A.增加重叠词表示复数

e.g. Flowers bloom in the fields. —朵朵

．．鲜花开满原野。

e.g. Every summer, tourists go to the coastal cities.

—一到夏季，旅游者纷纷

．．涌到海滨城市。

e.g. Rows of new set up. —一排排

．．．的新房建成了。

B.增加数词或其它词表示复数

汉语中有些数字词汇在文中并不表示具体的数字，只是表示?多，众多?的意思，如百（百花齐放，百家争鸣，百鸟朝凤，百感交集）、千（千篇一律，千人

一面，千方百计）、万（万众一心，万紫千红，万水千山，千难万险）等；还有些

词，如、群、众、历、丛等也表示数量的多：

e.g. The lion is the king of animals. —狮子是百．兽之王。

e.g. The mountains were covered with snow. —群．山白雪皑皑。

e.g. The crowd made a way for rose slowly from the calm sea.

—一轮．红日在平静的海面上冉冉升起。

C.英语中有些动词或动作名词，译成汉语时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的动量词。

e.g. Shall we . He used to be as poor as we are.

—听人说，从前

．．一样穷。

．．他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过去也跟我们现在

VII.Adding auxiliary words which indicate the tone

汉语中有许多语气助词，如：的、吧、呢、啊、呀、吗、嘛、啦、了、罢了、而已等。在英译汉时，要细心体味原文，使用汉语语气助词，更好地表达原文的修辞色彩。

e.g. Don‘t take it so seriously. I just make fun of you.

—不要当真嘛．！我不过是跟你开玩笑罢了

．．。

VIII. e.g. As for me, I the source text

A.问答句

e.g. —Is this your book? —Yes, it is.

—这是你的书吗？—是我的

．．。

e.g. —what? Don‘t you love ; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man…‖

—?读书使人充实，讨论使人

．．准确。?（培根:《论读书》王

．．机智，笔记使人

佐良译）

B.比较句

e.g. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.

—从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败

．．．．更好。

．．中吸取教训

e.g. The villagers are as ready to look after daughter.

—村民们愿意照顾她，正如他们愿意照顾

．．．．他们自己的女儿一样。

C.隐含条件句

e.g. At the time of Kennedy‘s assassination, people thought that a second term would

a Third Reich.

—然而如果

．．没有希特勒，那就几乎可以肯定没有第三帝国。

IX.Adding words which indicate the textual social context

e.g. In April, there was the ―ping‖July, the ping ―ponged‖.

如只照原文译出?四月份，全世界听到乒的一声；七月里，这乒声乓了一下。?读者肯定不知所云。根据中美建交的背景知识，把这段外交史话译为：

—四月里，全世界听到中国

．．乓的一声把．

．．乒的一声把球打了出去

．．．．．．；到了七月，美国

球打了回来

．．．．．。

e.g. Mao and Zhou learned that Nixon ministers of China, Russia, Japan and the U.S. met in Tokyo.

—中、俄、日、美四国

．．外长在东京会晤。

e.g. China is willing to exchange views with any countries, politically, culturally and

economically.

—中国愿意同任何国家在政治、文化、经济等各个方面

．．．．．进行交流。

X.Adding linking words

e.g. Yes, , maybe.

—不错，他喜欢足球。现今很多人喜欢足球。这．似乎是种时髦。

A. e.g. You Task: translate the following sentences.

1.Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.

2.Air pressure decreases with altitude.

3.Avoid using the computer in extreme cold, inch of topsoil.

4.Emperors unexceptionally regarded the common people as weed.

5.Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.

6.He becomes extremely excited whenever –mountains, waters, flowers, plants,

fishes and birds.

B.Translate the following passages:

I will tell you what literature is! No – I only wish I could. But I can‘t. No one can.

Gleams can be thrown on the secret, inklings given, but no more. I will try to give you

an inkling. And, to do so, I will take you back into your own you went for a walk with

your faithful friend, the friend from whom you truth, somewhat inclined to by an

overpowering fascination. And as your faithful friend was sympathetic and discreet, and

flattered you by a respectful curiosity, you proceeded further and further into the said

matter, growing more and more confidential, until at last you cried out, in a terrific

whisper: ―My boy, she is simply miraculous!‖ At that moment you were in the domain

of literature.

Reference version:

A.句子翻译：

1.物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。

2.气压随海拔高度的增加而下降。

3.不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过多、湿度过大的情况下使用此电脑。

4.根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸的表层土壤。

5.历代帝王都把老百姓视为草芥。

6.过勇则蛮，过仁则懦，过俭则贪。

7.他一说起家乡来就很兴奋，什么山啦，水啦，花啦，草啦，鱼啦，鸟啦等等。

B.段落翻译：

我来告诉你们什么是文学！不——但愿我可以，可我说不上来。也没人能说明白。关于文学的奥秘，我们只能窥见一线微光，感受到一点模糊的印象（提示），仅此而已（再多就办不到了）。我就试着给大家提供这么一个印象（提示）吧。要做到这一点，我得带你重返你亲身经历过的一幕场景，也可能你将来才会有这样的经历：某天傍晚，你和你的挚友一起散步，对他你是无话不谈——或者几乎是无话不谈！那晚有件不同寻常的事一直占据着你的心思，说实话，你原本是想对他保守秘密的。然而这事却有一股无法抗拒的吸引力，不知怎么你就有意无意地谈到了它（不知怎的你还是拐弯抹角地谈到了它）。你的那位挚友慎重而富有同情心（善解人意，说话又小心），再说他那副急于洗耳恭听的模样也让你颇有点得意，于是你对这个话题越谈越深，越谈越推心臵腹，最后你竟激动地低声喊了出来：?兄弟，她真的是不可思议！?那一刻你便已臵身于文学的殿堂（境界）了。

◇Title of Lesson: Cutting Week 7

◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

Introduce to the students one of the translating methods: cutting words.

◇Key Teaching Points：

1．Cutting pronouns

2．Cutting conjunctions

3．Cutting articles

4．Cutting prepositions

5．Cutting repeated phrases

◇Difficult Teaching Points:

1．Cutting pronouns

2．Cutting conjunctions

3．Cutting repeated phrases

◇Teaching Contents:

●Presentation & Comment on the Homework

●Cutting words

From the Grammatical Aspect

I.Cutting pronouns

A.Cutting the pronoun as subject

1.根据汉语习惯，后句主语若与前句相同，不必重复出现。

e.g. But it‘s the way I am, and try as I might, I ’t been able to change it. —不过

我就是这个脾气，虽然竭力想改，终究还是改不了。

2.泛指人称代词作主语时，即便是第一个主语，也往往省略掉。

e.g. You can never tell. —很难说。

e.g. We eat to live, but not live to eat.

—吃饭是为了活着，可活着不是为了吃饭。

e.g. Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist.

—不承认这个事实，就不是唯物主义者。

B.Cutting the pronoun as object

e.g. This formula makes it easy to determine the wavelength of sounds.

—这一公式使得测定声音的波长十分简单。

e.g. Before your translation, you and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or

improved.

—交出翻译之前必须多读几遍，看看里面有没有要修改的地方。

C.Cutting the possessive pronoun

e.g. For two weeks, studying the .

—连着两星期他都在观察房子的情况，检查各个房间，查看线路、通道和花

园的布局。

e.g. The train came. He pinched was away.

—火车来了。他疼爱地捏了捏小妹妹，粗壮的胳膊搂了一下母亲的脖子，然

后就走了。

D.Cutting the pronoun in comparative sentence

e.g. The climate in Switzerland is absolutely different from that in Somalia.

—瑞士的气候与索马里截然不同。