过去分词作定语和状语
现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
分词作状语答题记忆口诀
分词作状语主语是问题 逗号前后两动作共用一主语 主语找出后再来判关系 主动-ing被动用-ed Having done 表先后 千万要牢记
Having been done 是Having done的被动态
• Having finished his homework he went playing. 完成式主动态
B 3. _I_m__p_r_e_ss_e_d_ by the beautiful scenery I
forgot to go back home in time.
A.覆水难收 B.流连忘返 C.一言既出 驷马难追
II. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. _S_e_e_n__ see from the top of the hill the city looks beautiful to us. 2. _G__iv_e_n_ give time he’ll make a first class tennis player. 3. _L_o_o_k_i_n_g_ look out of the window I found many children playing on the playground.
• After he had finished his homework he went playing.
• Having been criticized by the teacher Li Ming gave up smoking. 完成式被动态
• After he had been criticized by the teacher Li Ming gave up smoking.
过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
pp和v-ing各有两大特点：
学案：动词-ed形式作定语，表语，宾语补足语和状语
动词-ed形式作定语，表语，宾语补足语和状语一、动词-ed形式作定语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。
这种分词叫分词形容词(the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。
如：spoken English (英语口语)；iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。
如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。
(1)前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。
The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。
(=the people who were excited)Lost time can never be found again．虚度的时光, 无法挽回。
(=time which is lost)(2)后置定语①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。
1. Everything used should be marked．所有用过的东西应该做好标记。
2. Among the invited were some ladies．被邀请的人中, 有些是女士。
3. The books left are for my students．剩下的书是给我的学生的。
②动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。
过去分词作定语和状语语法教案
teaching design （课堂设计）陈建军教材分析( the analysis of teaching materia)lThis teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: The Past Participle as the Adverbial and Attribute. And let students to do some exercises to consolidate it.2. 学情分析( the analysis of the studen)tsStudents often feel this item abstract and difficult, so it is necessaryto make the lesson interesting and connect with it with their daily life in order to let it easy to accept and understand.3. 教学目标(Teaching aims) 知识目标(Knowledge aims)Enable students to learn how to use the past participle as the adverbial and attribute correctly.能力目标(Ability aims)Enable students to use the past participle as the adverbial and attribute correctly and properly according to the context.情感目标( Emotional aims)a. Get students to become interested in the grammar learning.b. Develop students'sense of group cooperation.4. 教学重点和难点( teaching important points and difficult point)sa. Get students to learn and consolidate how to use the past participle as the adverbial and attribute correctly.5. 教学过程(Teaching procedures)Step1.GreetingsStep2 .Check&RevisionStep3.Presentation1. 过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when, though, although, as if, if 等，表时间，让步，条件等。
过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语，状语以及表语用法过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。
它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。
过去分词与现在分词作状语过去分词表完成、被动, 与主句主语之间是被动关系;现在分词表进行, 主动, 与主句主语之间是主动关系。
如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前, 则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。
过去分词表完成、被动, 作状语时, 其逻辑主语是主句的主语, 且与主语之间存在着被动关系。
过去分词作状语可表时间, 原因, 让步, 结果, 方式, 条件等。
观察下列的句子:Once published, his works (=Once his works was published, ) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.PP作时间状语, 相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句，有时为了突出时间，可在分词前加when或while。
1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water.When heated, ice will be changed into water.2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed.Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.过去分词作原因状语相当于表示原因的状语从句。
1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.过去分词作条件或者假设状语前面可带if，unless等从属连词，相当于条件状语从句。
过去分词作表语,定语,宾语补足语及状语
过去分词作表语，定语，宾语补足语及状语一．过去分词作表语1.表语：系动词后面的部分；e.g. He is a good student.That sounds good.2.过去分词作表语(1)用法：一般用来表示感受或状态（系动词+ 过去分词）e.g. No wonder he is excited!(2)可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：delighted, disappointed,upset, astonished, excited, frightened, experienced, interested, qualified, puzzled, exhausted, satisfied3.用所给词的适当形式填空：(1) But he became ________(inspire)when he thought about helping ordinary people.(2) He got__________ (interest)in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.(3) Neither its cause, nor its cure was __________(understand).(4) He got ______________(blame) about losing the money.(5) The painter looked so _____(tire) after working for a whole day.(6) I was ___________ (disappoint)with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.(7) Everybody was _________(shock)to hear of the death of thefamous film star.(8) Everybody is really _______(excite) about the new Olympic stadiums.(9) His wound became _______ (infect)with a new virus.(10) They were ________(prepare) to accept my idea.(11) I’ll be _________(interest) to know how they mad the wonderful fireworks.(12) The mayor said that he was _______ (worry)about the _________(continue) rise of the water level in the river bed.(13) Most of the newspaper seems to be _________ (concern)with pop stars.(14) He was _________ (frighten)of going alone into the empty house.二．过分去分词作定语1 过去分词的形式: done2过去分词的用法：一般表示完成的、被动的动作。
分词做定语和状语
符合语境和表达习惯
注意语境和语气
分词做定语和状语时，应注意语境和语气，确保表达得 体。例如，“the car driving fast”应该翻译为“开得 很快的车”，而不是“快速驾驶的车”。
符合中文表达习惯
在分词做定语和状语时，应符合中文表达习惯，使读者 更容易理解。例如，“the book recommended by me”应该翻译为“我推荐的这本书”，而不是“被推 荐的这本书”。
分词做定语和状语
• 分词做定语 • 分词做状语 • 分词做定语和状语的比较 • 分词做定语和状语的注意事项 • 分词做定语和状语的练习与思考
01
分词做定语
定语的定义和作用
定语
修饰名词或代词的词或短语，用来描 述名词或代词的性质、特征或属性。
作用
使句子更加丰富、具体，增强表达效 果。
分词做定语的常见形式
01
例子1
02
The book recommended by the teacher is very interesting. （这本书老师推荐的很有趣。） 解析：过去分词 “recommended”修饰名词 “book”，表示这本书是被推 荐的。
例子2
The movie directed by the famous director is popular. （这部电影由著名导演执导很受 欢迎。）解析：过去分词 “directed”修饰名词 “movie”，表示这部电影是被 导演的。
05
分词做定语和状语的练习与思考
练习题
练习1
请将下列句子中的分词做定语和状语的成分标 出。
练习2
请将下列句子中的分词做定语和状语的成分替 换成适当的从句。
练习3
语法专题：过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语一、过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语，其主语为过去分词动作的承受者。
过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等。
1．作时间状语过去分词(短语)作时间状语时，可转换为when，while或after等引导的时间状语从句，有时也可以直接在过去分词前加相应的连词。
Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.＝When (it is) seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.从山顶往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
2．作条件状语过去分词(短语)作条件状语时，可转换为if，once或unless等引导的条件状语从句，有时也可以直接在过去分词前加相应的连词。
Given more time，we could do it much better.＝If we were given more time，we could do it much better.多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。
3．作原因状语过去分词(短语)作原因状语时，可转换为as，since或because引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子前半部分。
Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.由于受到所取得的成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。
4．作让步状语过去分词(短语)作让步状语时，可转换为although，though或even if等引导的让步状语从句，有时也可以直接在过去分词前加相应的连词。
现在分词作状语-过去分词作状语-表语-宾补-定语
V-ing （现在分词）作状语v-ed/done(过去分词)作状语，表语，定语，宾补一．现在分词的形式形式主动形式被动形式否定形式一般式doing beingdone not doing/beingdone完成式havingdone having been done not having(been)done二．现在分词作状语辨析：动词的-ing 形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别。
辨析：（1）动词的-ing 形式作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果，常与only 连用，构成“only to do sth.”三．连词+动词的-ing 形式作状语，省略状语从句的主语和系动词be ，表示主动或者正在句子功能例句1.作时间状语，相当于when,while,as,after 等引导的时间状语从句Crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.=When he was crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.2.作原因状语，相当于as,because,since 等引导的原因状语从句Having eaten too much ,he couldn 't go to sleep.=Because he had eaten too much,he couldn't go to sleep.3.作条件状语，相当于if,once,unless 等引导的条件状语从句Using your head,you 'll find a good way.=If you use your head,you'll find a good way.4.作方式或伴随状语，相当于and 连接的并列谓语动词。
Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.=Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.5.作结果状语，可扩展为有并列谓语的句子。
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过去分词作定语和状语过去分词有两个显著的特点，即：从时间上讲，表示动作已经完成；从语态上讲，表示被动的概念，但是如果是不及物动词用作过去分词形式，则只表示时间上的过去，而没有被动意义。
过去分词在句中通常可以作表语、补足语、定语或状语.一、过去分词作定语1. 过去分词作定语时，单个分词一般放在名词之前，分词短语放在名词之后。
Her job was to take care of the wounded soldier .We are doing our written exercises .The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai.过去分词作定语时, 它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.=Who were the so-called guests invited(= ) to your part last night?注意：如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。
例如：Is there anything unsolved?There is nothing changed here since I left this town.2. 表示情感的动词的过去分词由表示情感或心理状态的动词的过去分词作定、语时，通常不可以修饰无生命物，有些过去分词已经完全形容词化，常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed, moved, interested, touched. surprised, shocked, puzzled, frightened等。
a frightened driver 吓坏了的司机a disappointed girl 感到失望的女孩3. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时只表示动作的完成，而没有被动语态的意义。
如：newly-arrived goods 新到的fallen leaves 落叶faded flowers 凋谢的花练习：1. What’s the language ___ in Germany?A. speakingB. spokenC. be spokenD. to speak2. Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited3. The computer centre, ___ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A. openB. openingC. having openedD. opened4. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written二、过去分词作状语1.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语应该和句子的主语保持一致。
通常过去分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、方式状语、伴随状语和让步状语等，而且可以与对应的状语从句进行句型转换。
1）过去分词做时间状语1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water.When heated, ice will be changed into water.2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed.Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.2）过去分词作原因状语1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.3）过去分词作条件或者假设状语1.If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.2. Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.4）过去分词作方式或伴随状语1. The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.2. She sat by the window, lost in thought.She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought.lost 表示一种迷失心理状态练习：1. The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be playing2. When _____ if she would request a rise, the actress said that money was not important.A. askedB. askingC. having askedD. being asked3. Yesterday I saw in the newspaper a teaching post _____ at a school close to my home and I wanted to apply for it.A. advertisesB. advertisingC. advertisedD. to advertise4. ____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player．A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given5. Mr Smith, ____ of the ____ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring; boring6. Unless ____ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invitedB. invitingC. being invitedD. having invited7. When ____, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completedB. completingC. being completedD. to be completed8. If ____ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.A. givingB. giveC. givenD. being given9. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundedB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding过去分词专项练习. The song is often heard _______ in English.A. to singB. singingC. singD. sung2. _______ in the rain, he was wet to the skin.A. Be caughtB. CatchingC. CaughtD. Having caught3. When Mr. Zhang spoke in class, there was so much noise that he couldn’t make himself ______.A. hearingB. heardC. to hearD. hear4. After his journey from abroad, Richard Johns returned home, _______.A. exhaustedB. exhaustedC. being exhaustedD. having exhausted5. _____ for a long time, but he insisted on writing the novel.A. Having been illB. Although being illC. He being illD. He was ill6. _____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Having lostB. To loseC. LostD. Being lost7. _____ from his accent, he is from Shanghai.A. JudgedB. JudgingC. JudgeD. To judge8. Sarah, hurry up. I am afraid that you can’t have time to ______before the party.A. get changingB. get changeC. get to changeD. get changed9. _____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. To be separatedC. Having separatedD. Having been separated10. Sugar, when _____ with water, dissolve quickly.A. is mixedB. mixingC. mixedD. mix11. Do let mother know all the truth. She appears ______ everything.A. to be toldB. to have been toldC. to tellD. to be telling12. Having been attacked by terrorists,_________.A. the tall building collapsedB. doctors came to their rescuesC. an emergency measure was takenD. warnings were given to tourists13. Prices of daily good ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. been boughtC. buyingD. bought14. ______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A. Having givenB. GivingC. GivenD. To give15. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and all expenses ______ vacation to China.A. payingB. paidC. to be paidD. being paid16. _____ in 1936, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in USA.A. Being foundB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding17. ----She should not have done that sort of thing.----Whatever she did was reasonable, ______to what you had done; besides, it is none of your business. Get down to _____ your lessons.A. compared; doingB. comparing; doingC. compared; doD. comparing; do18. ______ the month and the year, the book was put on the bookshelf.A. Being markedB. Marked withC. Marking withD. Having marked19. _____, she couldn’t say even a word.A. ExcitedB. Being excitedC. ExcitingD. Being exciting20. The youngest daughter got angry again. Mother felt very _____ and father’s face wore a ____ expression.A. puzzled; puzzlingB. puzzling; puzzledC. puzzling; puzzlingD. puzzled; puzzled21. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ______ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A. having been missingB. have got lostC. be missingD. get lost22. ______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.A. Being settledB. SettledC. Having settledD. Settling23. When we came into the reading room, we found her _____ at a desk, with her attention ______ on a book.A. sitting; fixingB. sit; fixedC. sitting; to be fixedD. seated; fixed。