直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解之杨若古兰创作一、概述援用或转述他人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述他人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech).用本人的话转述他人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech).普通地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不必引号，而用宾语从句来表达.Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克师长教师说：“我很忙”.（直接引语）Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克师长教师说他很忙.（宾语从句是间接引语）从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句以外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行响应的变更，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was.现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应留意的成绩,分述如下：二、直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句，变成间接引语时，用连词that引诱（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、唆使代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作响应的变更.1、人称的变更直接引语改为间接引语人称要响应的变更，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变成与主句的主语相分歧的人称.把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变成和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相分歧的人称.直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变成间接引语时，人称不变.He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常爱好它”.→He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常爱好它.(I改为he, it不变)He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事.”→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事.(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had told)He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了.”He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了.（She’s→she had，her不变，your→my）2、时态的变更（1）主句的谓语动词是普通过去时如主句的谓语动词是普通过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他说：“晚餐前我己做完了功课.”→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚餐前他己做完了功课.Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做.”→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做.He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”他说：“那时我将正在做功课.”→He said that he should be doing his homework then.他说那时他将正在做功课.He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”他说：“我们将在那时之前完成工作.”→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他说他们将在那时之前完成工作.留意：直接引语如果是客观真谛、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变成间接引语时，时态不变.The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老师说：“地球是圆的.”→The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的.He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.”他说: “我1965年生于山东.”→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他说他1965年生于山东.He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他说：“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲.”→He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲.（2）主句的谓语动词是此刻时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是此刻时或将来时，直接引语变成间接引语时，时态一概不变He says, “I finished the work.”他说：“我做竣工作了.”He says that he finished the work. 他说他做竣工作了.He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”他会说：“我己经浇花了.”He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了.3、唆使代词、时间状语和地点状语的响应变更见下表：He said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.”他说“我今天凌晨见到史密斯了.”He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning. 他说他那天凌晨见到史密斯了.He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.” 他说：“我们昨天去电影院了.”→He said they had gone to the cinema the day before. 他说前一天他们去电影院了.Lily said, “I will come back next month.” 莉莉说：“我下个月回来.”→Lily said tha t she would go back the next month. 莉莉说她下一个月就回去.He said, “It is nine o'clock now.”他说：“此刻九点了.”→He said that it was nine o'clock then.他说那时九点了.He said, “I haven't seen her today.”他说：“今天我没见到她.”→He said that he hadn't seen her that day .他说那天他没有见到她.She said, “I went there yesterday.”她说：“昨天我去了那儿.”→She said that she had gone there the day before.她说前一天她去了那儿.She said, “I'll go there tomorrow.”她说：“明天我将去那儿.”→She said that she would go there the next day.她说第二天她将去那儿.He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿.”→He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿.(here→there; ago→before)She said, “I will come here this evening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿.”→She said that she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿.（come→go；here→there；this→that）以上这些变更,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不成机械照搬.如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, come 也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变.直接引语中的普通过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用，间接引语的普通过去时时态不变.Father said,“I am free this afternoon ”父亲说：“我今天下战书有空.”→Father said that he was free this afternoon. 父亲说他今天下战书有空.He said, “I am going there tomorrow.”他说“我明天去那里.”He said that he was going there tomorrow. 他说他明天去那里.巧记:去掉引号加that，人称变更要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变更按规定.三、直接引语是疑问句时直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序.其人称、时态等响应的变更同上.巧记：if(或whether)替引号，陈述语序要记牢.时态、人称和状语要变更，千万别把它忘掉.1、直接引语是普通问句变成间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if将其引出，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句.如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked.如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等.She said, “Is your father an engineer?”她说：“你父亲是工程师吗?”→She asked me whether my father was an engineer.她问我说我父亲是否是工程师.The teacher said to Li Ming, “Have you finished your homework?”老师对李明说：“你做完功课了吗?”→The teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.老师问李明是否已做完功课了.2、直接引语是特殊问句如果直接引语为特殊疑问句, 改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式.如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked.巧记：直接去引号，陈述语序莫忘掉.助动do(does)、did，要去掉.“What do you do every Sunday morning?”my friend said to me.我的朋友问我说，每礼拜天上午你做什么?→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning. 我的朋友问我每礼拜天上午我做什么.“Where have you been, Li Ming?”the teacher asked. 老师问道：“你上哪里去了，李明?”→The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been. 老师问李明曾去过哪儿.I asked her, “How many English books will you read next term?” 我问她说：“下学期你将读多少本英语书? ”→I asked her how many English books she would read the next term.我问她下学期将读多少本英文书.“When did you get up this morning?”asked my father.我父亲问道：“今天凌晨你什么时候起床的?”→My father asked me when I had got up that morning. 我父亲问我那天凌晨我是什么时候起床的.留意：直接引语里是：What's wrong with……?/What's the matter? /What's the trouble?/What has happened?/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变.He said to her“What’s the matter with you?”他问她“你怎样了？”He asked her what was the matter with her. 他问她怎样了.四、直接引语是祈使句巧记：去掉引号要加to；ask，order须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部.转述祈使句时，要使祈使句的动词本相变成带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not.如果祈使句中有please一词,改为间接引语时，就将please去掉.成为：told (asked, ordered, warned)someone (not)to do something结构.He said,“Sit down, please.” 他说：“请坐.”→He asked me to sit down. 他让我坐下.The teacher said, “Don’t talk in class! ” 老师说：“上课不要讲话! ”→The teacher told us not to talk in class!老师要我们上课不要讲话.The captain said to his men,“Fire! ”上尉对他的士兵们说“开火！”→The captain ordered his men to fire. 上尉命令他的士兵们开火！The policeman said to the children,“Don't play football in the middle of the street.”警察对孩子们说：“别在马路两头踢足球.”→The policeman warned the children not to play football in the middle of the street.警察警告孩子们不要在马路两头踢足球.五、点击考点I.改错：1.He said that he is going to London.2.Tom said they had finished the job yesterday.3.She asked me don’t smoke in the room.4.They asked that he was there.5.I asked you where was he going.6.The teacher told us not talk any more.7.The doctor said to his wife, Not wait for me.8.He asked me who I am.9.Mary said that she would see you tomorrow.10.Mother asked what the matter was.1. “Where will you go tomorrow?”, Mother asked me.2.The old woman said to me, “Please lock the door for me.”3.The boy told his teacher, “We went to an exhibition yesterday.”4.He said, “I'll go to the station to see off a friend of mine this afternoon.”5. “Hello,how are you?”, he said t o me.6.Tom said to me angrily, “Why don’t you tell me you have been here for two weeks?”7.John said to Mary,“Do you remember I borrowed a diamond necklace from you?”8.The teacher said to Li Ming,“Don’t make the same mistake again.”9. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow?”, I asked her.10.The nurse said to the children, “The sun rises in the east.”参考答案:I. 1.is→was 2.yesterday→the day before3.don’t→notto 4.that→if5.was he→he was6.not 后面加to7.Not→Don't8.am→was9.tomorrow→the next day 10.was the matterII. 1.Mother asked me where I would go the next day.2.The old woman asked me to lock the door for her.3.The boy told his teacher that they had gone to an exhibition the day before.4.He said that he would go to the station to see off a friend of his that afternoon.5.He asked me how I was.6.Tom asked me angrily why I didn't tell him I had been there for two weeks.7.John asked Mary if she remembered he had borrowed a diamond necklace from her.8.The teacher told Li Ming not to make the same mistake again.9.I asked her whether she was leaving that day or the next day.10.The nurse told the children that the sun rises in the east.。
直接引语和间接引语(21张PPT)
简析:直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语 时,要用连词whether或if引导,而不用that。
5. “What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.
❖ 3、Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet. (Jean Jacques Rousseau , French thinker)忍耐是痛苦的，但它的果实是甜蜜的。10:516.17.202110:516.17.202110:5110:51:196.17.202110:516.17.2021
1、人称的变化 ：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
口诀
说明
直接引语
Байду номын сангаас
间接引语
一 引号内的第一人
随 称变间引后与主 She said,“ I like She said that she
主
句主语的人称保 持一致
Tennis.”
liked tennis.
二 引号内的第二人 He said to Lily, He told Lily that
the little boy said happily.
The little boy said happily that he has gained the first place in the mathematics competition.
The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.
(完整版)英语语法----直接引语和间接引语
英语语法----直接引语和间接引语一、 定义：1、 直接引语：使用引号引出别人的原话。
2、间接引语：用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。
二、 直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语变间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化。
1、 人称变化口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I ，me ，my ，mine ，we ，us ，our ，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you ，your ，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。
“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he ，him ，his ，she ，her ，hers,it ，its,they,their ，theirs ，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。
一随主：He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。
→liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。
(I 改为he, it 不变)二随宾：He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。
”→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(本句中宾语是me ，所以You 改为I , me 改为him, told 改为had told)She said to Mary ,”How do you ?”go to work everyday?” →She asked Mary how she went to work everyday. 第三人称不更新：He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room ”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。
直接引语和间接引语的语法规则
直接引语和间接引语的语法规则引语是论述、讨论、描述或者描绘某个观点、事件、对话等的文字或者口头表达方式。
在写作或者口语中，引语的使用非常常见。
引语有两种形式：直接引语和间接引语。
直接引语是一句话直接使用引号包围，而间接引语则是将引语转述成间接的表达方式。
本文将详细介绍直接引语和间接引语的语法规则。
一、直接引语的语法规则直接引语是在文章中直接引用别人的话或者表达方式。
在使用直接引语时，需要遵循以下几个语法规则：1. 引号使用：直接引语的句子需要使用引号将其包围，一般使用双引号“ ”。
如果引用的句子内部还包含了引语，可以使用单引号‘ ’进行标示。
例如：“我喜欢阅读。
”他说道。
2. 标点符号：直接引语的标点符号原则上要与原文保持一致。
如果引用的句子是一个完整的陈述句或者疑问句，引号后的标点符号放在引号外，例如：“我喜欢你。
”他说道。
或者：“你喜欢我吗？”他问道。
如果引用的句子是一段对话或者段落，则每个人的发言结束时，用逗号或者句号与引号合理搭配使用。
3. 变化动词的人称：当直接引语中包含了变化动词的时候，需要根据句子的主语对变化动词进行人称的变化。
例如：“我喜欢她。
”他说道。
二、间接引语的语法规则间接引语是将原文的引语转变成间接表达的方式。
在使用间接引语时也需要遵循一些语法规则：1. 引导词：间接引语需要使用引导词来引出它，常见的引导词有说、问、告诉等。
例如：他告诉我，“我喜欢阅读。
” → 他告诉我他喜欢阅读。
2. 引语转述：在转述直接引语成为间接引语时，需要将引语转变成与引导词搭配使用的方式，将主语、人称和时态进行适当的变化。
例如：他说，“我会来。
” → 他说他会来。
3. 引号使用：间接引语中不再使用引号。
例如：他告诉我他喜欢阅读，而不是“他喜欢阅读”。
综上所述，直接引语和间接引语是使用引语进行表达的两种方式，需要遵循不同的语法规则。
正确使用直接引语和间接引语可以使文章或者口语表达更加准确与地道。
注意：本文旨在讲述直接引语和间接引语的语法规则，没有模仿合同或作文的具体格式。
语法干货直接引语和间接引语最全讲解
语法干货直接引语和间接引语最全讲解直接引语和间接引语的概述在直接引用别人的原话时，被引用的句子称为直接引语。
在用直接引语时，引语前后都要加引号。
引导引语的动词称为引用动词，如：say, ask, answer, reply等。
引用动词多数放在后面，有时放在前面，间或插在引语中间。
在把引用动词放在后面时，有时主语和动词位置可以颠倒(特别是主语较长时)。
例如：“Who is it?” Ann shouted.“I never eat meat,” she explained.“Sit up,” he commanded, “and hold out your hands.”当用自己的话转述别人的话时，被转述的部分称为间接引语。
这时被引语部分常常是引用动词的宾语。
在多数情况下，引语都由连词that引导，但在say, tell等词后可以省略。
例如：He said (that) he had lost the bag.Tell her I am out.把直接引语变成间接引语时，要改变的内容1. 要根据意思改变人称。
2. 要根据时态呼应的原则把时态加以调整。
3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词也需要作必要的变动。
各种句式变间接引语时要发生的变化1. 陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导 (that 可省略)。
例如：Tony said to me, “ I will leave this book in your desk.”→Tony told me (that) he would leave that book in my desk.如果直接引语是表示建议、要求、推测、判断的陈述句，变为间接引语时，可以变为动词不定式、V-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。
例如：Jane said to Tony, “You’d better ask your friends for some advice.”→Jane advised Tony to ask his friends for some advice.→Jane suggested Tony asking his friends for some advic e.→Jane advised/suggested that T ony (should) ask his friends for some advice.2. 一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。
英语中的直接引语和间接引语
英语中的直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的概念1. 直接引语- 直接引语就是直接引用别人的原话，被引用的部分通常放在引号内。
例如：He said, "I am going to the park." 在这个句子中，“I am going to the park.”就是直接引语，它原封不动地呈现了说话者所说的内容。
2. 间接引语- 间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号。
例如：He said that he was going to the park. 这里“he was going to the park”就是间接引语，它是对原句“He said, 'I am going to the park.'”的转述。
二、直接引语变间接引语的变化规则1. 人称的变化- 如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称（I或we），在变为间接引语时，要根据句子的意思相应地变为第三人称（he/she或they）。
- 例如：- 直接引语：I said, "I like this book."- 间接引语：I said that I liked this book.（这里因为主语都是I，人称不变，但如果是He said, "I like this book." 变为间接引语就是He said that he liked this book.）- 如果直接引语中的第二人称（you），在变为间接引语时，要根据转述者和听话者的关系变为第一人称（I/we）或第三人称（he/she/they）。
- 例如：- 直接引语：He said to me, "You are a good student."- 间接引语：He told me that I was a good student.- 直接引语：He said to her, "You should study hard."- 间接引语：He told her that she should study hard.2. 时态的变化- 一般现在时变为一般过去时。
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解哎呀，说起说话的艺术，那可得提上日程了！咱们聊天的时候，有时候得把话直截了当地说出来，就像打麻将一样，一上来就得点炮，让人措手不及。
但有时候，为了照顾对方的感受，或者为了让自己的话听起来更圆滑，咱们就喜欢绕个弯子，让听的人猜半天，这就是间接引语啦！
比如说吧，你跟朋友吐槽说：“这破手机，电池不经用！”朋友要是直接回答：“是啊，真不行。
”那多没意思啊！你得加点料，说：“哎，这手机电池真是让人头疼，昨天刚充满电，今天就没电了，你说气人不气人？”这样一说，不仅显得你更有心，还能让对方
心里暖暖的。
再比如你同事跟你抱怨工作压力大：“老板天天逼得紧，项目进度慢得像蜗牛。
”要是直接说：“老板太苛刻了。
”人家可能不会那么买账。
但你换个方式说：“唉，老板这脾气真是让人受不了，天天催得我喘不过气来，项目进度都成蜗牛爬了。
”这样一说，既
能表达自己的不满，又显得你很有解决问题的能力。
还有啊，有时候我们想表达一种观点，但觉得直接说出来可能会得罪人，这时候咱们就用间接引语。
比如说：“我觉得这个方案不错，可以试试看。
”要是直截了当说：“这个方案挺好，咱们可以试试。
”可能会让人感觉你在否定他们的意见。
但你要是这么说：“我觉得这个方案挺有创意的，咱们不妨试试。
”既表扬了别人，又给了建议，多好啊！
所以说，直接引语和间接引语，就像是咱们在聊天时的小聪明，能让我们的话更有分量，更能打动人心。
当然啦，咱们也不能滥用这种技巧，毕竟真诚才是最重要的嘛！下次再聊这个话题的时候，咱们一起探讨探讨，看看还有什么更好的用法等着我们去发现吧！。
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解大家好，今天我们来聊聊直接引语和间接引语的用法。
其实，这个话题还挺有意思的，因为它涉及到我们日常交流中的一些细节问题。
那么，我们就先来了解一下什么是直接引语和间接引语吧。
我们来说说直接引语。
直接引语就是别人说的话，我们直接把它抄录下来，比如：“我觉得这个问题很难。
”这句话就是直接引语。
直接引语可以用来证明别人说过的话，或者是用来描述别人的情感和态度。
比如，你的同学跟你说：“我觉得这个问题很难。
”这时候，你就可以把他的话当成直接引语，然后回答他：“是啊，我也觉得这个问题很难。
”接下来，我们来说说间接引语。
间接引语就是把别人说的话用自己的话重新表述一遍，而不是直接抄录。
比如，你的同学跟你说：“我觉得这个问题很难。
”这时候，你可以把这句话变成间接引语，比如说：“他说这个问题很难。
”或者“他觉得这个问题很难。
”这样一来，你就可以用自己的话来表达同学的观点了。
那么，直接引语和间接引语有什么区别呢？其实，它们的区别就在于是否需要加上引号。
直接引语需要加上引号，表示这是别人原话；而间接引语则不需要加引号，表示这是你自己的话。
有时候我们也会把间接引语加上引号，以示区分。
比如：“他说‘我觉得这个问题很难’”，这里的“他说”就是间接引语，“我觉得这个问题很难”则是直接引语。
那么，我们什么时候应该用直接引语呢？一般来说，当我们想强调别人说过的话时，就可以使用直接引语。
比如：“小明说他会来参加聚会。
”这时候，我们就用了直接引语来强调小明的话。
另外，当我们想让别人知道我们听到了什么时，也可以使用直接引语。
比如：“我听到小红说她喜欢吃巧克力。
”这时候，我们就用了直接引语来告诉别人我们听到了什么。
那么，我们什么时候应该用间接引语呢？一般来说，当我们想用自己的话来表达别人的观点时，就可以使用间接引语。
比如：“小红说她喜欢吃巧克力。
”这时候，我们就用了间接引语来表达小红的观点。
另外，当我们想让别人知道我们相信别人的话时，也可以使用间接引语。
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直接引语和间接引语用法讲解一、概述引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语direct speech;用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语indirect speech;一般地讲,直接引语前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达;Mr. Black said,“I'm busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”;直接引语Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙;宾语从句是间接引语从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was;现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下：二、直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导that在口语中常省去,that从句之前用say、tell等动词,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化;1、人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化,把直接引语中的第一人称如：I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours变为与主句的主语相一致的人称;把直接引语中的第二人称you,your,yours变为和主句的间接宾语即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称相一致的人称;直接引语中的第三人称he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them变为间接引语时,人称不变;He said , “Ilikeit very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”;→He said thathelikedit very much. 他说他非常喜欢它;I改为he, it不变He said, “Youtoldme this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事;”→He said that Ihad toldhim that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事;You改为I, me 改为him, told改为had toldHe said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了;”He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了;She’s→she had, her不变,your→my2、时态的变化1主句的谓语动词是一般过去时如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他说他们将在那时以前完成工作;注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时,变为间接引语时,时态不变;The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老师说：“地球是圆的;”→The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的;He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.”他说: “我1965年生于山东;”→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他说他1965年生于山东;He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他说：“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲;”→He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲;2主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一律不变He says, “I finished the work.”他说：“我做完工作了;”He says that he finished the work. 他说他做完工作了;He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”他会说：“我己经浇花了;”He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了;3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表：He said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.”他说“我今天早晨见到史密斯了;”He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning. 他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了;He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.” 他说：“我们昨天去电影院了;”→He said they had gone to the cinema the day before. 他说前一天他们去电影院了;Lily said, “I will come back next month.” 莉莉说：“我下个月回来;”→Lily said that she would go back the next month. 莉莉说她下一个月就回去;He said, “It is nine o'clock now.”他说：“现在九点了;”→He said that it was nine o'clock then.他说那时九点了;He said, “I haven't seen her today.”他说：“今天我没见到她;”→He said that he hadn't seen her t hat day.他说那天他没有见到她;She said, “I went there yesterday.”她说：“昨天我去了那儿;”→Sh e said that she had gone there the day before.她说前一天她去了那儿;She said, “I'll go there tomorrow.”她说：“明天我将去那儿;”→She said that she would go there the next day.她说第二天她将去那儿;He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿;”→He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿;here→there; ago→beforeShe said, “I will comeherethis evening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿;”→She said that she would gotherethat evening.她说那晚她将去那儿;come→go；here→there；this→that以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定,不可机械照搬;如果就在当地转述,here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述,yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变;直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用,间接引语的一般过去时时态不变;Father said,“I am free this afternoon”父亲说：“我今天下午有空;”→Father said that he was free this afternoon. 父亲说他今天下午有空;He said, “I am going there tomorrow.”他说“我明天去那里;”He said that he was going there tomorrow. 他说他明天去那里;巧记:去掉引号加that,人称变化要灵活,时态向后退一步,状语变化按规定;三、直接引语是疑问句时直接引语如为疑问句,改为间接引语时,须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序;其人称、时态等相应的变化同上;巧记：if或whether替引号,陈述语序要记牢;时态、人称和状语要变化,千万别把它忘掉;1、直接引语是一般问句变为间接引语时,须用连接词whether或if将其引出,使其成为间接引语的宾语从句;如果主句中的谓语动词为said,则将其改为asked;如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语,可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等;She said, “Isyour father an engineer ”她说：“你父亲是工程师吗”→She askedmewhethermy father was an engineer.她问我说我父亲是否是工程师;The teacher said to Li Ming, “Haveyou finished your homework ”老师对李明说：“你做完作业了吗”→The teacher asked Li Ming whetherhehad finished his homework.老师问李明是否已做完作业了;2、直接引语是特殊问句如果直接引语为特殊疑问句, 改为间接引语时,仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出,构成间接引语中的宾语从句,但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式;如果主句中的谓语动词为said,则将其改为asked;巧记：直接去引号,陈述语序莫忘掉;助动dodoes、did,要去掉;“What do you do every Sunday morning ”my friend said to me.我的朋友问我说,每星期天上午你做什么→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning. 我的朋友问我每星期天上午我做什么;“Where have you been, Li Ming ”the teacher asked. 老师问道：“你上哪里去了,李明”→The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been. 老师问李明曾去过哪儿;I asked her, “How many English books will you read next term ” 我问她说：“下学期你将读多少本英语书”→I asked her how many English books she would read the next term.我问她下学期将读多少本英文书;“When did you get up this morning ”asked my father.我父亲问道：“今天早晨你什么时候起床的”→My father asked me when I had got up that morning. 我父亲问我那天早晨我是什么时候起床的;注意：直接引语里是：What's wrong with……/What's the matter /What's the trouble/What has happened/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变;He said to her“What’s the matter with you ”他问她“你怎么了”He asked her what was the matter with her. 他问她怎么了;四、直接引语是祈使句巧记：去掉引号要加to；ask,order须记住,直引若是否定式,not加在to前部;转述祈使句时,要使祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等动词,如果祈使句为否定式,在不定式的前面加not;如果祈使句中有please一词,改为间接引语时,就将please去掉;成为：told asked, ordered, warnedsomeone notto do something结构;He said,“Sit down, please.” 他说：“请坐;”→He asked me to sit down. 他让我坐下;The teacher said,“Don’t talk in class ” 老师说：“上课不要讲话”→The teacher told us not to talk in class老师要我们上课不要讲话;The captain said to his men,“Fire ”上尉对他的士兵们说“开火”→The captain ordered his men to fire. 上尉命令他的士兵们开火The policeman said to the children,“Don't play football in the middle of the street.”警察对孩子们说：“别在马路中间踢足球;”→The policeman warned the children not to play football in the middle of the street.警察警告孩子们不要在马路中间踢足球;五、点击考点I.改错：said that he is going to London.said they had finished the job yesterday.asked me don’t smoke in the room.asked that he was there.asked you where was he going.teacher told us not talk any more.doctor said to his wife,Not wait for me.asked me who I am.said that she would see you tomorrow.asked what the matter was.II.将下列句子改为间接引语1. “Where will you go tomorrow ”, Mother asked me.old woman said to me, “Please lock the door for me.”boy told his teacher, “We went to an exhibition yesterday.”said, “I'll go to the station to see off a friend of mine this afternoon.”5. “Hello,how are you ”, he said to me.said to me angrily, “Why don’t you tell me you have been here for two weeks ”said to Mary,“Do you remember I borrowed a diamond necklace from you ”teacher said to Li Ming,“Don’t make the same mistake again.”9. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow ”, I asked her.nurse said to the children, “The sun rises in the east.”参考答案:I. →was →the day before’t→not to →ifhe→he was 后面加to →Don't →was→the next day the matterII. asked me where I would go the next day.old woman asked me to lock the door for her.boy told his teacher that they had gone to an exhibition the day before.said that he would go to the station to see off a friend of his that afternoon.asked me how I was.asked me angrily why I didn't tell him I had been there for two weeks.asked Mary if she remembered he had borrowed a diamond necklace from her.teacher told Li Ming not to make the same mistake again.asked her whether she was leaving that day or the next day.nurse told the children that the sun rises in the east.。