(完整版)中考定语从句精讲+练习答案
中考定语从句精讲
一、定语从句的概念（参照行知先下P118 127）
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
关系词的三个作业：1.引导定语从句 2.代替先行词 3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
定语从句
用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的
名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先
行词的后面。
1. The students (who don’t study hard) will not pass the exam.
先行词定语从句
主句:The students will not pass the exam
2. The woman (who you saw in the park) is our English teacher.
先行词定语从句
主句:The woman is our English teacher
3. A shoe shop is a shop (which sells shoes).
主句：A shoe shop is a shop.
从句的主语：which
4. The book (that you want) is on the desk.
主句：The book is on the desk
从句的主语:you 从句的宾语：that
引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that, which,who whom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。
The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the next room.
主语
I lost the book(( that/which ) you gave me).
宾语
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作
宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. (作宾语)
which 指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
1.）who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.（做宾语）
A person who steals things is called a thief.（做主语）
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
2.）whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用
which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。
which,指物，作主语或宾语。
who, whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。
that, which, whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。
1) A plane is a machine ________________ can fly.
2) The car ____________________ my uncle bought last week was stolen.
3) The students ________________ don’t study hardwill not pass the exam.
4) The woman ___________________ you saw in the park is our English teacher.
5）The house __________ we live in is very old.
6）Those are the shoes __________ I lost last week.
7）That is the man __________ found my handbag.
8）Lucy can’t eat food __________ has chocolate in it.
9）The car __________ my uncle bought last month is very beautiful.
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+
关系代词（which）”。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the league
=on which
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+
关系代词（which）”。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
This is the house where I lived two years ago
=In which
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+
关系代词（which）”。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
Do you know the reason why she was late？
I.单项填空。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
-Ye s, he’s our headmaster.
A. he
B. who
C. which
D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim?
A. which
B. in which
C. that
D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
A. that you bought
B. you bought it
C. that you bought it
D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees
B. who agree
C. who agrees
D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that
B. it
C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s
B. whose
C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which; is
B. whom; was
C. who; is
D. who; was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live
B. on which we live
C. where we live in
D. we live in
Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?
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中考定语从句专题练习题 I.单项填空。 1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？ -Yes，he’s our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _____I can swim？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？ A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing. A. that B. it C. which D. who 7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate A. who’s B. whose C. that D. of which. 8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister. A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was 9. I love places ______the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world ______ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in 11.The building__________we built last year is very tall. A.where B.when C.which D.why 12.There are no children______love their parents. A.that do not B.who does not C.that D.who 13.Who is the man_________talked with you just now? A.who B.that C.whom D.whose 14.That was the year_____I went to America. A.when B.where C.that D.which 15.Look at the boy and his dog______are coming this way. A.who B.which C.that D.whom 16.This is all________she said about it. A.who B.whom C.what D.that 17.Tom is the first boy_______left the room. A.who B.that C.whom D.whose 18.Look at that lady________name is Pochi. A.who B.whose C.whom D.that 19. That was all the money__________I had. A.which B.that C.whose D.whom 20. The thing_______she wasn’t sure was that she failed in thi s exam. A.that B.which C.about which D.in which
初中英语定语从句专项练习题(含答案详解)
定语从句专项练习 1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues. A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that 2. This is the case ________ he’s had all h is money stolen. A. when B. where C. that D. on which 3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how 4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ . A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him to C. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him 5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided. A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose 6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget. A. when B. that C. what D. which 7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose 8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. when D. what 9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. when 10. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in Chin a’s vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before 11. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it. A. It B. As C. Which D. What 12. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life. A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that 13. The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store. A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which 14. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world. A. that B. what C. which D. as 15. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes C. all their homes D. all of their homes 16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A. who B. when C. on which D. which 17. Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year? A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where 18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.