不定式和分词作状语的区别
不定式分词作状语区别
不定式作状语可以表条件如: To look at him, you would like him.
分词也可以作状语表条件如：Given a chance, I can surprise the world.
但不定式作状语与分词作状语的区别是什么不明白可以互换么例如上面这两句
不定式作状语可以作
1）目的状语He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。
（坐下来的目的是为了休息）
He went to France to learn French。
他去法国学习法语。
They stopped to ask the way.他们停下来问路。
2）作结果状语
He work up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了to find everybody gone作work up的结果状语。
3）表示喜怒哀乐的形容词作表语其后的不定式作原因状语
I am very glad to see you. 见到你我非常高兴。
（to see you 作glad的原因状语）
4）在带有enough或too的句子里，不定式作程度状语
He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。
5）动词不定式可以作目的状语常用in order to (为了)或so as to (以便)+do。
（so as to 不用于居首）
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。
In order to catch the first bus 作got up 的目的状语。
分词作状语
1）作时间状语
Hearing the noise, I turned round. 听见响声我转过身去。
Having done my shopping , I returned home. 买完东西，我就回家了。
2）表示原因
Being League members , we are ready to help others. 由于我们是团员，我们乐意帮助别人。
Not knowing his address, I can’t write to him由于不知道他的地址，我无法给他写信。
3)表示条件
Working hard, you will surely succeed. (=If you work hard, you…)如果你努力工作，你就一定会成功。
Given more time, we could have done it better. （If we had been given more time, …）如果给我们时间多一些，我们本来会做得更好。
4）表示伴随或方式
The boy sat in front of the farm house cutting the branch. 那男孩坐在农舍前，小树枝。
（伴随）He came running back to tell me the news. 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
（方式）
5）表示结果
The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.那孩子滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。
分词和不定式作状语一般是不可以换的
动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，而用现在分词作结果状语表示自然的结果。
并且，充当结果状语的现在分词的逻辑主语有时并不是句子的主语，而是句子的内容或部分内容。
He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站，发现火车已经开走了。
A lot of good land has gone with them , leaving only sand. 许多好地也随之消失了，留下来的
只是沙漠。
不定式表示原因时，往往置于形容词之后，表示引起某种情绪变化的原因。
分词表示原因时，往往位于句首，表示发生某一行为的原因。
I’m sorry not to have come on Tuesday. 很抱歉没有在星期二来。
Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 没有收到答复，他决定再写一遍。
非谓语动词在句子中作状语和作宾语补足语的不同用法
非谓语动词在句子中作状语和作宾语补足语的不同用法非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语，而作其他成分的动词形式，包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
在句子中，非谓语动词可以作状语或者作宾语补足语，它们有着不同的用法和作用。
一、非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语时，通常表示动作或状态与谓语动词的关系。
1. 动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语时，可以表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
例子：- 为了参加比赛，他每天都练习。
- 她去超市买菜是为了做一顿丰盛的晚餐。
- 我喝了一杯水以便解渴。
2. 动名词作状语动名词作状语时，通常表示伴随、原因、方式、时间等。
例子：- 她走路的时候总是低着头看手机。
- 她在工作时听着音乐，感觉更加轻松。
- 他生气时喜欢一个人静静地待在房间里。
3. 现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时，通常表示时间、原因、结果、条件等。
例子：- 孩子们坐在河边嬉戏的时候，天空中飞过一只小鸟。
- 雨停了，她放下伞继续前行。
- 他跑得太快，以至于摔倒在地。
二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语非谓语动词作宾语补足语时，通常与及物动词或介词搭配使用，用来修饰宾语。
1. 动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时，通常表示动作的结果或目的。
例子：- 她希望能赚到更多的钱。
- 他们需要找到一个解决问题的方法。
- 我喜欢把房间布置得温馨舒适。
2. 动名词作宾语补足语动名词作宾语补足语时，通常表示动作的结果、原因、方式等。
例子：- 他喜欢听别人讲故事。
- 她害怕看到血液。
- 我对你的成功感到骄傲。
3. 现在分词作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语时，通常表示动作的结果、方式等。
例子：- 孩子们使整个教室变得非常吵闹。
- 她发现这个问题变得越来越困难。
- 他的话让她感到非常惊讶。
总结起来，非谓语动词在句子中作状语时表示动作与谓语的关系，可以使用动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
非谓语动词作宾语补足语时则用来修饰宾语，常见的形式有动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
非谓语动词
the Non-Finite Verbs 非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形 式，叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。
非谓语动词分类
不定式（to do） 动名词 动词ing 动词-ed
非谓语动词可以担当的成分
名称 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语
The Olympic Games, first
played (play) in 776BC,
didn’t include women.
There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
独立主格结构 Not knowing what to do, ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱe went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。 动名词做状语
Adverbial
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
Adverbial
1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语
a sleeping car 卧铺车 a writing table 写字台
Attention： 动名词做定语用来表示功能或者用途！
Practice
The
Swimming(swim) boy is my younger brother. broken(break) glasses.
Pick away the
英语中怎么判断状语
英语中怎么判断状语在英语里，状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份。
一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。
其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
英语中的状语状语是一种用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或全句的词，说明时间，地点，程度，方式等概念。
1.副词一般在句子中做状语He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好。
其中的“very”是程度副词，用来修饰“well”。
“very well”是修饰“speak”的程度状语。
2.不定式在句子中可以作目的状语I come specially to see you. 我专门来看你。
3.介词短语Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.从十年以前开始，她开始住在了大连。
“in Dalian”是介词短语，在句中作地点状语。
The boy was praised for his bravery.这个男孩因为他的勇敢而被夸奖。
“for his bravery”是介词短语，在句中作原因状语，解释男孩被夸奖的原因。
4.从句作状语When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.她12岁的那一年开始居住于大连。
此处When引导时间状语，从句在主句中充当时间状语从句。
If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 如果我明天不忙，我就会陪你踢足球。
此处If引导条件状语，从句在主句中充当条件状语从句。
5.过去分词作状语Faced with the situation, what are we supposed to do?。
不定式与v-ing分词用法区别
请先阅读讲义“不定式与v-ing分词用法区别”主语表语定语宾语宾补状语不定式⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫-ing ⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫一、不定式与-ing都可作以上句子成分，其区别如下：1、主语"使用不定式：it作形式主语，多用不定式，置语句末）It is hard to find a true friend.It is impolite to talk with your mouth full."使用-ing(1) 在句首时Shopping is her best way to relax herself.Missing the train means waiting for another hour.Developing the economy and protecting the environment can be possible at the same time.(2) 前有所有格修饰时Her swimming has improved quickly since she started training every day.The president’s attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.（3）在以下固定句型中（虽以it做形式主语,也用-ing））It is no good/use persuading him to change his mind.It is worth reading all the Chinese famous novels.2、表语" My job is to teach you English.=My job is teaching you English."The news is exciting/surprising/shocking……3、定语"使用不定式：（1）在以下句型中, 常用不定式表将来（主动形式表被动意义）We still have a long way to go. (have sth to do)There is a long way to go. (there be… to do)With a lot of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. (with sth to do) （2）有序数词first, second,…last 修饰的名词后He was determined not to be the first one to voice opinions."使用-ing：（1）表____________a developing country the fast-growing economy a sleeping boy the rising sunDo you know the person talking to the headteacher now?= Do you know the person who are talking to the headteacher now?（2）表_____________Those wishing to join this club should sign here.= Those who wish to join this club should sign here.Everyone attending the meeting agreed to the plan.= Everyone who attended the meeting agreed to the plan.（3）表_____________an interesting story exciting news puzzling lights confusingrules disappointing results（4）表_____________a swimming pool a walking stick a writing desk a smoking area a changing room4、宾语"使用不定式：在某些动词后He wishes to sleep at least for 8 hours every day.My father promised to buy me a cellphone if I got straight A in SAT.He pretended to be asleep when I approached her.后接不定式作宾语的动词还有：______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________"使用-ing（1）在某些动词后He is considering changing for a new job.后接-ing作宾语的动词还有：______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________（2）在介词后She relaxes herself by shopping。
3非谓语动词作状语的归纳
第 3 讲非谓语动词作状语的归纳教学目标：在前面非谓语动词单项选择的基础上，进行理论和实践的提高，争取在综合能力上有所突破。
一、不定式做状语目的状语：Helen had to shout to make herself heard above the sound od the music.注意：为了强调动词不定式所表示的目的的时候，动词不定式可用in order to,或so as to 来强调。
So asto 不用于句首。
如：He got up early in order to catch the first bus.The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.意外的结果：He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.结果状语：My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.条件状语：To look at him, you would like him.在某些表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后表示原因。
如：I am very glad to see you .I am so sorry to hear about your failure in business.在带有enough, too 的句子里，做程度状语。
如：He was too excited not to say a few words.He is old enough to go to school.二、分词作状语1.分词作状语在形式上的选择形式意义Doing 与句中的主语在逻辑上是主动关系，与句中谓语同时发生，或几乎同时发生Having done 与句中的主语在逻辑上是主动关系，先于谓语动词发生Done 与句中的主语在逻辑上是被动关系，时间性不确定Being done 与句中的主语在逻辑上是被动关系，与谓动同时发生，一般做原因于句首Having been done 与句中的主语在逻辑上是被动关系, 且先于谓语动词发生2.分词作状语的基本原则分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
动词不定式与现在分词的区别
一、动词不定式与-ING分词的区别1.作宾语时，-ING分词表示抽象的、大凡性或习惯性的和持续性的动作，而不定式则表示某次详尽动作，特别是将来的动作I like playing football.I would like to play football this afternoon.1) The school cannot tolerateon exams.［A］cheating［B］to cheat［C］be cheated［D］being cheated2) News of success keepsin.［A］pouring［B］to pour［C］poured［D］to be pouring3) Long［A］before the dawn［B］of recorded［C］history, humans celebrated to harvest［D］their crops.2.作定语时，-ING表示正在进行的动作，用-ING的完成时表示动作的完成；不定式表示未来发生4) We were overjoyed at the news of Chinaanother man-made satellite.［A］having launched［B］to have launched［C］to launch［D］launched5) The applicants interviewing［A］are required to［B］bring all the necessary papers［C］two days later［D］.6) Sorghum(高梁) leaves［A］occasionally contain［B］enough hydrocyanic acid killing［C］livestock(牲畜)［D］.3.当谓语动词是进行时的时候，用不定式而不用-ING分词作宾语It“s beginning to snow you.It starts raining.I“m considering how to go(where to go, what to do).I considered emplying Mr.Wang but decided that Mr.Chen was more suited to the job.4.在remember,forget等词后，如果跟-ING分词，表示-ING分词的动作发生在主要谓语之前；如果跟不定式则表示不定式的动作发生在主要谓语动作之后I remember telling her that last night. (“告诉”发生在“记得”之前)He remembered to tell her that when she came back. (“记得”发生在“告诉”之前)I“m sorry I forgot to give you the message. (主语动词表示的动作“忘记”发生在不定式表示的动作“给带口信”之前)Why! I have such a bad memory. I forgot giving the message last night. (-ING分词示的动作“给带口信”发生在谓语动词表的动作“忘记”之前)5. stop, go on和leave off之后跟接动词不定式和-ING分词所表达的意义有所不同They stopped (talking) to work.［停下(其他动作)来工作］They stopped working.［停下工作(来干其他动作)］Workers went on discussing the problem.［工人继续讨论这一问题］Workers went on to discuss the problem.［工人们停下来其他事，继续讨论这一问题］He left off writing.［他停下写作(去干其他事)］He left off to write.［他停下(其他事)来写作］6.…used to后跟不定式和-ING分词，后跟不定式有两种情况：一种是used to是不变用法表示“过去经常干……”；另外一种情况是use的被动词态“be used”后跟不定式；后跟-ING分词的情况有一种，那就是当used to中的used是形容词时，to后跟名词或-ING分词7) When he was in the plastic plant, he together with the workers.［A］has worked［B］had worked［C］had been worked［D］used to work8) You will soon this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.［A］get used to［B］get to［C］get over［D］get on with9) Mr. Anderson used to jogging［A］in the crisp morning［B］air during［C］the wintermonths［D］, but now he has stopped.7.大凡情况下，for后边跟接there to be,而of后边则跟接there being10) It is fairly common in Africa for there an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by otherswho join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound.［A］to be［B］being［C］to have been［D］having been8. be＋形容词后面要跟动词不定式作状语，而不用-INGIt is very difficult to manage the company.二、-ING分词与-ED分词的区别虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ING分词表示主动的意义，而-ED分词则表示被动的意义；-ING分词表示大凡性的或正在进行的动作，而-ED分词则表示已经完成和被动的动作。
动词ing形式、过去分词和不定式的区别
动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式的区别非谓语动词（动词不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词）在多数情况下可以再句子中担任除了谓语以外的其他成分，而且都不受主语的人称和数的限制。
但是他们之间又存在着或多或少的区别。
下面我们将详细讲解。
一．动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式做表语时的区别动词-ing：做表语时，主要表示主语的内容。
多数情况下，主语和表语的位置可互换。
过去分词：做表语时，主要表示主语的特点和所处的状态。
主语和表语的位置不可互换。
不定式：做表语时分两种情况：一种是和动词-ing一样表示主语的内容；另一种是与过去分词一样表示主语的特点或所处的状态。
例：①对比：The film is disappointing.这个例子是动词-ing做表语，表示主语The film 的性质、特点，不能和主语互换。
We are disappointed with the film.这个例子是过去分词做表语，表示主语we所处的状态，表语不能和主语互换。
②My job is teaching English. = Teaching English is my job.动词-ing做表语，表示主语的内容“我的工作是什么”，表语和主语的位置可以互换。
③Our aim is enter the university. = To enter university is our aim.(不定式做表语，表示主语的内容，即“我们的目标是什么”。
表语和主语的位置可以互换)例：①Look at the sleeping boy. (动词-ing做定语)逻辑上的主语（the sleeping boy= the boy is sleeping）= Look at the boy who is sleeping. (定语从句)②Please go to the sleeping car. (动词-ing做定语)说明用途（the car is for sleeping）说明：动词-ing做定语Sleeping car : 1) 只有sleeping 重读2)不能变为定语从句3) 两者没有逻辑上的主谓关系③I have a lot of words to say. (不定式做定语)与words存在逻辑上的动宾关系(to say 是不定式的一般式，表示的动作和谓语动作同时发生)说明：不定式做定语words to say 1) to say 只能放在words后面。
现在分词作状语-过去分词作状语-表语-宾补-定语
V-ing（此刻分词）作状语v-ed/done(过去分词 )作状语，表语，定语，宾补一．此刻分词的形式形式主动形被动形式否认形式式一般式doing being notdone doing/beingdone达成式having having notdone been done having(been)done二．此刻分词作状语辨析：动词的 -ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语的差别。
句子功能例句1.作时间状语，相当于Crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by awhen,while,as,after 等指引car.=When he was crossing the road,the old man was 的时间状语从句knocked over by a car.2.作原由状语，相当于Having eaten too much,he couldn 't go to sleep.=Because heas,because,since等指引的原had eaten too much,he couldn't go to sleep.因状语从句3.作条件状语，相当于Using your head,you'll find a good way. =If you use yourif,once,unless等指引的条件head, you'll find a good way.状语从句4. 作方式或陪伴状语，相当于Four people entered the room looking around in a curiousand 连结的并列谓语动词。
way. =Four people entered the room and looked around ina curious way.5. 作结果状语，可扩展为有并It rained heavily,causing flooding in that city.=It列谓语的句子。
现在分词与动词不定式做结果状语的区别
现在分词与动词不定式做结果状语的区别请看下面这道高考题：(NMET1998) European football is played in 80 countries, _____it the most popular sports in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make1. He got home to learn that his father was ill.有时为了强调，可以在不定式短语前加only。
2. Tom got to the station only to find the train hadgone.3. Marry hurried back only to find her motherdying in the hospital.4. .I rushed to the station in a hurry, o nly to find the train already gone.5. They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
6. I ran to the school, only to be informed that I wasn't admitted by Beijing University.7. He survived the crash only to die in thedesert.从上例可知，不定式做结果状语通常表示的是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果。
7. His parents died, leaving him an orphan.8. It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in thatcountry.9. He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing anaccident.10. He watered the flowers in the garden more often,only making things worse.11. The child fell，__________ (strike) his head against the door and cutting it．12：Her husband died in 1942, ___________ (leave) her with five children.13. The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus ____________（ｃａｕｓｅ）the delay.14. He was caught in the rain, thus __________ (make) himself catch cold.15. After the meeting, they parted company, never to see each other.从上面四个例句中我们可以看得出来，作为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果，是意料中的结果。
_非谓语动词之分词作状语
分词作状语
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句 子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。
分词 作状语
让步
原因
条件
结果
时间
伴随 方式
分词作状语功能表
表示的范围
相当的状语从句
1.时间
时间状语从句
2.原因
原因 状 语从句
3.条件
条件 状 语从句
4.让步
让步状 语从句
5.方式பைடு நூலகம்伴随
没有合适的状语从句
一、分词做状语
Heated, water turns into steam
*When heated, water turns into steam. =When water is heated, water turns into steam.
5.The teacher stood there and he was surrounded by many students.
A.现在分词作状语学与练
把划线部分改写成分词短语
并说明其功能 1.When they saw their teacher, the students stood up.
Seeing their teacher, the students stood up. *现在分词短语作( 时间状语 )
*现在分词动作的发出者是( 句子主语)
完成式
2.Because he was ill, he couldn’t go to school.
Being ill, he couldn’t go to school. *现在分词短语 作原因状语
3.If you work harder at English, you will make greater progress.