7. 虚拟语气概念和练习
高中英语虚拟语气语法总结(推荐)
高中英语虚拟语气语法总结（名师剖析必考语法知识点，值得下载背诵）虚拟语气1）概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2）在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。
[来源学科网]时态关系句型：条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题[来源:]The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained答案B。
真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。
它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.同现在事实相反的假设。
句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should( would) +动词原形If they were here, they would help you.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型：条件从句主句过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.If he had come yesterd ay, I should / would have told him about it.含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.[来源学科网ZXXK]含义：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.c.表示对将来的假想句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should+ 动词原形were+ 不定式would + 动词原形should+ 动词原形If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
Unit7Grammar虚拟语气
含蓄条件句。 ４、 含蓄条件句。
有时为了表达的需要， 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不是总是 出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条 出现 引导的条件句， 引导的条件句 件句。 件句。 I was ill that day. Otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词） He telephoned to inform me of you birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（连词） I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.（连词） Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（独立主格）
与过去相反
条件从句 与过去相反 条件从句的谓语形式 主语的谓语形式
If I (you, he/she, they, should/would/could/ we )+had +过去分词 might+have+过去分 过去分词 过去分 词
例： If I had come yesterday, I would have seen him.
条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 过去时（were） would/could/should/ 现在 might +V.（原） would/could/should/ 过去 过去完成时 might+have+p.p.
1.过去时
未来 2.should+V.
专四虚拟语气总结(打印)
专四语法（虚拟语气）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
eg. If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained答案B。
真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形⏹If I had time, I would do it again.⏹If I had known of your arrival, I should have met you at the station.⏹If she had further considered the problem, she might have come to the correctconclusion.真题举例：1. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _____ quite such a crowd people there.（00, 49）[C]A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. w ouldn’t be2. If your car _____ during the first 12 months,take it to an authorized dealer.（98, 43）[B]A. shall needB. should needC. would needD. will need3. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.(09, 52) [B]A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been4. _____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.(02, 60）[A]A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not5. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _____ able to advise you much better than I can. (05, 51) [A]A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were6. I was to have made a speech if _____. (97, 51) [C]A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
语法中的虚拟语气与情态动词的结合
语法中的虚拟语气与情态动词的结合虚拟语气是语法中一个重要的概念，它用来表达非真实的情况、假设、愿望或建议。
虚拟语气的使用涉及到情态动词，这是语法中另一个重要的部分。
情态动词用来表示说话人的态度、情感、能力等。
一、虚拟语气的概念和用法虚拟语气是用来表达非真实情况的一种语法形式。
它可以表示假设、愿望、推测、建议等。
虚拟语气通常与“if”引导的条件句、动词的过去式以及情态动词一起使用。
1. 条件句中的虚拟语气在条件句中，如果主句表达的是虚拟的情况，从句使用虚拟语气，即使用“were”代替“was”，无论主语是单数还是复数。
例如：If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.（如果我是一只鸟，我会在天空中飞翔。
）2. 愿望中的虚拟语气在表达愿望时，常使用虚拟语气。
例如：I wish I could go on a vacation.（我希望我能去度假。
）这里的“could”就是虚拟语气。
3. 推测中的虚拟语气在表示对现在或过去情况的推测时，也需要使用虚拟语气。
例如：He acts as if he were the boss.（他表现得像是老板。
）这里的“were”代替了“was”，表示推测的情况。
二、情态动词的作用和用法情态动词是一类特殊的动词，用来表示说话人的态度、情感、能力等。
常见的情态动词包括can、could、may、might、shall、should、will、would、must等。
1. 表示能力和许可情态动词可以用来表示能力和许可。
例如：I can swim.（我会游泳。
）这里的“can”表示能力。
You may go now.（你现在可以走了。
）这里的“may”表示许可。
2. 表示推测和猜测情态动词也可以用来表示推测和猜测。
例如：He must be tired.（他一定很累。
）这里的“must”表示推测。
3. 表示义务和建议情态动词还可以用来表示义务和建议。
名词性从句和虚拟语气
03
结果语气
在描述结果或与预期相反的结果时，使用虚拟语气可以强调结果的非真
实性或与预期的差距，例如“如果我早点行动，结果会更好。”
04
CATALOGUE
虚拟语气的特殊形式
虚拟语气在倒装句中的应用
虚拟语气在倒装句中通常用于 表示与事实相反的情况，或者 表达主观的愿望、假设等。
倒装句中的虚拟语气通常使用 助动词的过去时态（如 “had”、“were”等）和动 词的过去分词形式。
05
CATALOGUE
虚拟语气与真实语气之间的区别和联系
虚拟语气与真实语气的语义对比
虚拟语气
表示与实际情况相反的情况，或 者表示主观的愿望、建议、猜测 等。
真实语气
表示实际情况，描述事实或陈述 观点。
虚拟语气与真实语气的使用场合对比
虚拟语气
通常用于表达假设、条件、祝愿、请 求等场合，强调主观意愿或假设的情 况。
名词性从句和虚拟 语气
目录
• 名词性从句的种类 • 虚拟语气的基本概念 • 虚拟语气的用法和注意事项 • 虚拟语气的特殊形式 • 虚拟语气与真实语气之间的区别和联系
01
CATALOGUE
名词性从句的种类
主语从句
主语从句在句子中作主语，常用 形式为“引导词+主语+谓语” ，如“It is important to learn
同位语从句可以由连词、关系代词或关系副词引导，如“that、ere”等。
同位语从句在句子中表示一个完整的概念或事实，通常放在名词或代词 后面。
02
CATALOGUE
虚拟语气的基本概念
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中用来表示假设条件，与现实情况相反。在英语中，通 常使用“if”引导条件状语从句，并使用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气语法讲解与习题(汇编)
虚拟语气一．语气的分类：二．虚拟语气的用法：（一）虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法：---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反)---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反)---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反)2．特殊用法：①错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。
---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now.②if条件句虚拟倒装：可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if构成倒装。
---Were I you, I would give it up.---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake.---Should she come, I could ask her for help.③含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。
常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。
---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded.---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后为真实情况）---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前为真实情况）④特殊的if句虚拟：If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…”---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life.---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed.（二）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法：1．一些表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求）---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句)---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句)---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句)---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句)---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句)★suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。
深入解析语法中的虚拟语气与条件句
深入解析语法中的虚拟语气与条件句虚拟语气与条件句是语法学中常见的两个概念，它们在句子中扮演着重要的角色。
通过深入解析这两个概念，我们可以更好地理解语法规则和句子结构。
本文将详细介绍虚拟语气和条件句的基本概念、用法和常见的分类。
同时，我们还将提供一些实例来帮助读者更好地理解和应用这些语法知识。
一、虚拟语气的基本概念虚拟语气是指句子中表达的是一种假设、愿望、建议、命令、推测、条件或不可能实现的情况。
它与现实情况相对，是一种虚构或假设的语气。
虚拟语气通常包括条件句、愿望句、建议句、命令句和推测句等。
1. 条件句：条件句是虚拟语气的一种常见形式，它表达的是一种假设或条件。
条件句分为三种类型：与事实相反的虚拟条件句、与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句和与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
与事实相反的虚拟条件句用于表达与现实情况相反的假设或条件。
常见的引导词包括"if"、"unless"和"were to"等。
例如："If I were rich, I would travel around the world."（如果我富有，我会周游世界。
）与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句用于表达与现实情况相反的假设或条件，通常与现在事实相反的情况相关。
常见的引导词包括"if only"、"I wish"和"suppose"等。
例如："If only I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam."（要是我当时更用功一些，我就能过这次考试了。
）与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句用于表达与过去事实相反的假设或条件，通常与过去事实相反的情况相关。
常见的引导词包括"if"、"suppose"和"had it not been for"等。
虚拟语气
“should”类 A) suggest (建议) that sb (should )do sth
insist order command require request demand prefer
1)The teacher suggested we (should )finish the work at the end of next week. The teacher suggested that the work ___________(fi be finished Cf. The expression on his face suggested that was he ______(be) unhappy. She insisted that her answer was right. 2) His uncle insists that he (should ) go to the bestknown university instead of some common ones. 3) The officer ordered that the enemy (should ) be surrounded in the village before daylight. B) It’s suggested that sb (should) do sth ordered required demanded decided C) It is necessary / strange that sb (should) do sth important
虚拟语气
Ｉ.概念: 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式， 用来表达
说话人的愿望，意图，建议，惊奇，设想等未能实 现以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。
1虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。
含义：They are not here, they can’t help you.事告诉他的。
含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.练一练：1. —The weather has been very hot and dry.—Yes. If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables ________. A．wouldn’t die B．didn’t dieC．hadn’t died D．wouldn’t have died2. But for the help of my English teacher，I _______ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A．would not win B．would not have wonC．would win D．would have won3. This printer is of good quality. If it ______ break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense. A．would B．shouldC．could D．might4. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ________ yesterday.A．was happening B．happensC．has happened D．happened5. Without the help of my English teacher，I ________ the first prize in the English Speaking Competition. A．would win B．would have wonC．would not win D．would not have won2混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。
例如：If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。
）If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。
练一练：1. “If I hadn’t practiced when I was younger,” the musician says,“I ______ able to play so well now.”a. wouldn’t beb. won’t bec. wouldn’t have beend. couldn’t have been2. Henry ______ a rich man today if he had been more frugal in the past.a. would beb. isc. will bed. was3 虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。
例如：Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。
Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。
Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。
注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。
例如：If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题：_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成were, should, had +主语的形式。
但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。
如我们可说Were I not to do, 而不能说Weren't I to do。
练一练：1. ________anyone call，please tell him I’m not free.A．Must B．CanC．May D．Should2. It is required that the students ______mobile phones in their school，so seldom ________ them using one.A．should not use；you will see B．not use；will you seeC．mustn’t use；will you see D．not use；you will see4 特殊的虚拟语气词should1）在主语从句中的应用It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + （should）do等。
例如：I suggest that we （should）hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he （should ）be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意：如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明、坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
判断改错：（错）You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.（对）Your pale face suggests that you are ill.（错）I insisted that you（should）be wrong.（对）I insisted that you were wrong.3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
例如：My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。
I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.我提了个建议，下周我们开个会。
练一练：1. Teachers recommend parents ________their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A．not allow B．do not allowC．mustn’t allow D．couldn’t allow5 wish的用法1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。
其宾语从句的动词形式He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2）wish to do；wish sb / sth to do。
例如：I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。
I wish the manager to be informed at once. （= I want the manager to be informed at once.）我希望经理能马上得到消息。
练一练：1. How I wish I ________ my mouth before I shouted at my mum!A．shut B．have shutC．had shut D．would shut6 比较if only与only ifonly if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。