高考英语真题中的熟词生义-高考英语熟词生义归纳

高考真题中出现的熟词生义

《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据，而这个词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式，未有词性和词义。这就给命题人提供了广阔的活

动空间，给他们减少了很多限制，但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。

一词多义的现象普遍存在，一个单词在不同的语境中有不同的含义。学生对于一些熟悉单词的生僻含义，或者一些多义词在文章中的合适含义，往往较难把握，因此造成阅读困难甚至理解偏差。为帮助学生提高在语境中学习、理解词汇的能力，笔者特此整理了近几年

全国卷出现一词多义（熟词生义）的词汇，供教师、学生们作教、学参考。

1. pick up

【真题原文】Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center ’s Store while you are p h i e c r k e to up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. (2017 全国I 卷阅读 A 篇)

【词义解释】pick up 常用词义为“捡起，（用车）接人”。本句中的pick up 后接两个并列的

宾语“a wonderful science activity 和“s”ouvenir。”“pick up与”“a wonderful science activity 搭配”

时可理解为“to join in, to participate（参加）”；与“a wonderful souvenir 搭配”时则意为“to buy sth. （挑选/购买）”。

【参考译文】不要忘记到太平洋科学中心商场停留一下，在这里你可以参加一个精彩的科学

活动和选购一件精美的纪念品，以纪念你的到访。

【小试牛刀】你可以花200 美元就可以淘到一台二手笔记本电脑。

You can _____________ a second-hand laptop for about $200.

2. feed

【真题原文】Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? (2017 全国I 卷阅读

A 篇 )

【词义解释】feed 常见词义为“喂养，饲养”，本句中的feed 则理解为“to satisfy a need, desire, ect. and keep it strong(满足) ”。

【参考翻译】我们的展品可以使你的心灵充实，但你的身体呢？

【小试牛刀】广泛地阅读是充实心灵的好途径。

Extensive reading is a good way to______________ .

3. special

【真题原文】Our caf éoffers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. (2017 全国I 卷阅读 A 篇)

【词义解释】special 常用作形容词，意为“特别的”。在本句中，special 用作名词，意为“a dish that is not normally available or is made for a particular purpose （特色菜）”。

【参考译文】除了季节性的特色菜，我们的咖啡馆还供应菜式齐全的午餐和零食，任君选择。【小试牛刀】今天的特色菜写在布告板上。

Today ’s ___________ are written on the board.

4. work

【真题原文】Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is

never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful. (2017 全国I 卷阅读 B 篇)

【词义解释】work 常用意思为“工作”，此句中的work 理解为“to be effective or successfu（l 有效；成功）”。

【参考译文】试图去帮助受伤的、流离失所的或者病弱的动物可能是令人心碎的；

（能否）活下来是不确定的。但是，当成功活下来时，活着就是很美好的。

【小试牛刀】她关于部门重组的构想实际上永远都不会实现。

Her idea for reorganizing the department will __________ in practice.

5. carrier

【真题原文】When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in

a carrier for safety. (2017 全国I 卷阅读 B 篇 )

【词义解释】carrier 常见意为“运输工具，运送者”，此句中的carrier 理解为“a temporary shelter or a rough nest（临时庇护处或简易的窝）”。

【参考译文】当我到达时，我看到一只两三周大的猫头鹰。为安全起见，它已经被安置到一个临时庇护处了。

【小试牛刀】有些鸟自己不筑巢，甚至连个简易窝都不建。相反，他们喜欢在其他鸟的巢里下蛋。

Some birds don ’t build their own nests, even a rough __________. Instead, they lay eggs in the

nests of other birds.

6. anchor

【真题原文】My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. (2017 全国I 卷阅读 B

篇)

【词义解释】anchor 常见词义为“n. 锚；v. 抛锚”。本句的anchor 意为“tomake something or someone stay in one position by fastening him, her, or it firmly （把??固定）”。

【参考译文】我的下一步工作就是建一个鸟巢，并把它安放在一棵树上。

【小试牛刀】我们用绳子把自己固定在岩石上。

We __________ ourselves to the rocks with a rope.

7. rest

【真题原文】Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of

the line runs up —and out —the side of the hole. (2017 全国I 卷阅读 D 篇)

【词义解释】rest 常用含义为“v. & n.休息”，本句中出现了两个rest，第一个rest 为动词，意为“to lie or lean on somethin（g 躺；倚；靠）”；第二个rest 为名词，意为“theother parts that remain or that have not been mentioned（剩余部分）”。

【参考译文】接着把管子放在恰当的位置，使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的剩余

部分向上延伸到坑的外部。

【小试牛刀】

①自行车靠墙放着。

The bicycle ____________ against the wall. ( 参考答案：is/was resting)

②我会开一个派对，然后把剩下的钱用来投资。

I ’m going to throw a party, then ivnest __________________.

8. production

【真题原文】The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. (2017 全国II 卷阅读 B 篇)

【词义解释】production 常用词义为“生产；产量”，此句中意为“a play, opera, or other show that is performed in a theatre（演出）”。

【参考译文】这家公司的演出展示了21 世纪中国剧院的新面貌。

【小试牛刀】为了这次演出，她已经学会了用西班牙语演这个角色。

For this __________ she has learnt the role in Spanish.

9. stand up

【真题原文】When the studio didn ’t want me for the film it wa—nted somebody as well known

as Paul—he stood up for me. (2017 全国II 卷阅读 B 篇)

【词义解释】stand up 常见含义是“站起来”，本句的stand up 意为“todefend or support a particular idea or a person who is being criticized or attacked （支持，维护）”。

【参考译文】当制片方不想要我拍这部电影时——他们(制片方)想要像保罗那样出名的人——他维护了我。

【小试牛刀】你需要用精神力量来支持自己。

You need strength of mind to __________ for yourself.

10. dig

【真题原文】We were respectful of craft （技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. (2017 全国II 卷阅读 B 篇)

【词义解释】dig 常用含义是“挖掘，戳入”，本句的dig 的含义为“tostudy something very carefully in order to discover or check facts （刻苦钻研）”，dig into 为固定搭配，意为“探究，钻研”。

【参考译文】事实上, 我们的车间刚刚开始研究这个问题.

【小试牛刀】Our workshop, in fact, was just beginning to __________ the problem.

11. deal

【真题原文】H e’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn ’t talk about i(t2.017 全国II 卷阅读 B 篇)

【词义解释】deal 常用含义为“v. 处理；n. 买卖，大量”，本句的deal 意为“bad fortune or unfair treatment（坏运气；不公平的对待）”。

【参考译文】他一直进出医院。他和我都知道这种霉运意味着什么，然后我们都不谈论这种事。

【小试牛刀】利物浦人多年来一直没有得到公正的待遇。

The people of Liverpool have had a bad __________ for many, many years.

12. put down

【真题原文】Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition

to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. (2017 全国II 卷阅读 C 篇)

【词义解释】put down 常见意思是“写下，记录”，本句的put down 意为“to pay part of the price of something, and to pay the rest later （付定金）”。

【参考译文】为买到一辆Transition 飞行车，大约有100 人已经支付了10000 美元的定金，并且在Terrafugia 公司后来的本周纽约汽车展上推介这款车之后，人数很可能会上升。

【小试牛刀】他以10 万美元买下一处投资性地产，并支付了2 万美元的定金。

He bought an investment property for $100,000 and __________ $20,000.

13. sit

【真题原文】When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn sit quie’tly t.(2017 全国II 卷阅读 D 篇) 【词义解释】sit 常用含义是“坐”，本句的sit 意为“to remain in the same place or situation and do not take any action, usually waiting for something to happen （无动于衷；坐以待毙；静观其变）”。【参考译文】当一种多叶植物遭到袭击，它不会静静地坐以待毙。

【小试牛刀】生活依然会很艰辛，但是如果他们能静观其变，并且信任他，一切会慢慢好起来的。

Life would continue to be hard but if they __________ tight and trusted him things would get better.

14. complex

【真题原文】Bradford sold the building and land to a local development film, which plans a

shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. (2017 全国III 卷阅读 B 篇)

【词义解释】complex 常用作形容词，意为“复杂的”；本句的complex 为名词，意为“A complex is a group of buildings designed for a particular purpose, or one large building divided into several smaller areas. （综合大楼）”。

【参考译文】Bradford 把这栋楼和这块地卖给了当地的一个开发公司，这家公司计划在这家

剧院所在的这块土地上建一栋综合购物大楼。

【小试牛刀】镇上拥有全国最好的休闲活动综合楼之一。

The town has one of the best leisure __________ in the country.

15. duty

【真题原文】But others do double duty. (2017 全国II 卷阅读 D 篇)

【词义解释】duty 常用含义是“职责，责任，义务”，此句的duty 意为“functio（n 作用，用途）”。【参考译文】但是另一些则起着双重作用。

【小试牛刀】在一个小空间里，每一件家具都应该是双重用途的。

Every piece of the furniture in a small space should do __________.

16. design

【真题原文】They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.(2017 全国II 卷阅读 D 篇 )

【词义解释】design 常用含义是“设计”，此句的design 意为“to intend, to attempt（意图）”。【参考译文】它们散发出香味是为了吸引不同的昆虫，而这些昆虫是袭击者的天敌。

【小试牛刀】采取这些措施旨在降低污染。

These measures __________ to reduce pollution.

17. average

【真题原文】Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. (2017 全国II 卷完形填

空)

【词义解释】average常用含义是“平均的”，本句中的两处average 均意为“usualor normal, neither very good nor very bad （普通的，不好不差的）”。

【参考译文】弗雷迪是个成绩平平的学生，却是一个不寻常的人。

【小试牛刀】再普通再一般的人也要比40 年前富裕多了。

The __________ person on the street is a lot better off than they were 40 years ago.

18. update

【真题原文】Through the years, I ’d run into former students who would provid u e pdates on old classmates.(2017 全国II 卷完形填空)

【词义解释】update 常见词义为“更新；使升级”，本句的update意为“a news item containing the latest information about a particular situation （最新消息）”。

【参考译文】这几年，我会偶遇到以前的学生，他们会向我透露他们老同学的最新情况。

【小试牛刀】我要定期了解你的最新进展。

I ’ll need regular __________ on your progress.

19. allow

【真题原文】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on

the roads above as they travelled to and from work. (2017 全国II 卷语法填空)

【词义解释】allow 常见词义为“允许”，本句的allow 意为“enable; to creates the opportunity for sth. to happen（使能够，促使）”。

【参考译文】它（地铁）在地下延伸七公里，并使得人们在上下班时可以避开地面公路的严

重的拥堵。

【小试牛刀】这些密集的树木，使得没空间扩种更多的树木了。

These crowed trees __________no room for more trees.

20. delicious

【真题原文】This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will

stop at the famous Winery SF. (2017 全国III 卷阅读 A 篇 )

【词义解释】delicious 常用词义为“美味的”，此句中意为“pleasant or interestin（g怡人的，有趣的，好玩的）”。

SF 酒【参考译文】这条好玩的旅游线路穿越这座城市到达金银岛，在那里我们将在著名的

厂停留。

【小试牛刀】我有一些有趣的小道消息和你分享。

I have some __________ gossip to tell you.

21. monitor / pack

【真题原文】The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf

packs in Yellowstone. (2017 全国III 卷阅读 C 篇)

【词义解释】①monitor 常见的词义为“n. 班长”，此句中意为“towatch and check a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover something about it （v. 监控，监视）”。

②pack 常用词义为“n. 包，包装，v. 打包装”，此句中意为“a group of animals that live and/or hunt together（n. 一群动物）”。

【参考译文】美国鱼类和野生动物服务处认真监控和管理黄石公园的狼群。

【小试牛刀】

①中央情报局正在对他的电话进行监听。

The CIA __________ his phone calls.

②一群野狗正在扑向一只兔子。

A __________ of wild dogs were rushing at a rabbit.

22. about

【真题原文】For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others. (2017 全国III 卷阅读 D 篇 )

【词义解释】about 常用词义为“大约，关于”，此句中意为“in many different directions（四处，到处）”。

【参考译文】对于许多老年人来说，特别是那些独居或住在乡间的老年人，驾车（外出）对

于他们保持独立生活是非常重要的，这也给了他们出行而不用依赖他人的自由。

【小试牛刀】我跑了一上午到处找你。

I ’ve been running __________ all morning trying to find you.

23. address

【真题原文】The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are

for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems. (2017 全国III 卷

阅读 A 篇)

【词义解释】address常用词义为“地址”，此句中意为“to deal with a matter or problem（处理）”。【参考译文】DriveLAB 正在帮助我们搞明白老年驾驶员的关键点和困难所在，以及我们如

何使用科技去解决这些问题。

【小试牛刀】这个男孩的学费问题尚未得到解决。

The boy ’s problem of school fee hasn ’t __________.

24. constant / fine

The donor organ at the accident scene and rushed to a hospital.

【真题原文】So I to o k my box and put it on the desk and I said:

“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient ——please, please, you

discussing sth.; to not continue with sth. 停止；终止；放弃”。

【参考翻译】她直接放弃/停止了所有的事情。

【小试牛刀】我14 岁后就没再学德语。

Children find it difficult to

Do you think she ’ll notice if I my glass with hers?

’t n b e e o d o k to.(2015 全国I 卷阅读理解 A 篇 )

herself a flight home last night.

on location in Southern India.

As long as you ’re happy, that ’s a.ll that

figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with You’ll lose your girlish if you don ’t watch out.

”；在第二个例句中season 为动词，意为“If flavour. 给??调味;加味于”。

for the whole month of June.

about/on his visit to America.

after 12 o ’clock when they arrived. 【小试牛刀】蝙蝠能凭借某种“雷达”对准昆虫飞去。

a number to mean approximately; about 大约”。

【参考翻译】顾客们——大约30 位每个时段只付不到两美元

就高谈阔论起来。

”says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La

(2015 全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解

【小试牛刀】她所有的近亲／远亲都来参加她的婚礼了。

参考答案：

1. pick up

2. feed your mind

3. specials

4. never work

5. carrier/nest

6. anchored

7.①is/was resting；②the rest of the money

8. production

9. stand up

10. dig into

11. deal

12. put down

13. sat

14. complexes

15. double duty

16. are designed

17. average

18. updates

19. allow

20. delicious

21.①were monitoring ；②pack

22. about

23. been addressed

24.①at a constant temperature；②was fined

25. full of life

26. offer

27. kick off

28. land herself in big trouble

29. raise

30. is/was harvested

31. dropped

32. sit still

33. above and beyond the call of duty

34. switch

35. live

36. had booked

37. was shot

38.①with respect to ；②approach

39. matters

40.①figure out ；②figure

41. ①season；②seasoning

42. film/theatre/book reviews

43. serve

44.①last；②lasted

45. gave a talk

46. well

47. was terribly sorry

48. home in on

49. draws

50. some thirty people

51. regulars

52. close/distant relatives

高中英语熟词生义整理

熟词生义一些英语词汇的意义，我们经常见到一部分，而另一部分不太常见，这部分意义也很实用，有时还成为考点。在此，我把一些常见词的不常见的意义列举一下，希望能对各位同学的学习有所帮助。 Part A 1.act (熟义：行动)vi.起作用It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act. 2.address （熟义：地址；写地址）vt.向……发表演说；直接向……说话 It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting. 3.admit(熟义：承认；允许进入)容纳 The great hall can admit 5000 students. 4.against prep.映衬The picture looks nice against the white wall. 5.air v.抒发；倾诉；播送Don’t air your troubles too often. 6.attend v. 看护；治疗The nurse attended to him day and night. 7.back vt.支持Many of his friends backed his plan. 8.build n. 身材；体形The athlete has a solid build. 9.cause n.事业 10.dash v. 急送；催促Being badly ill, he was dashed to hospital. His mother dashed him into going to school every day. 11.express adj.明确的；快的；丝毫不差的；n. 快车 His express wish was that you should come here by express train. 12.fail v.不足；缺乏 Our water supply failed. He is failing in health./ His health is failing. He failed to lend her a hand.

高考英语熟词生义词汇整理

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【名师整理】2020年高考英语熟词生义高频词汇精讲第10讲(解析版)

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