初中英语语法 定语从句
初中英语语法之定语从句
初中英语语法之定语从句定语从句在初中英语中的重要性主要体现在完形、阅读和写作中，因此，能否较好的掌握定语从句直接关系到你英语成绩的拔高。
其实，定语从句并不难，快一起来学习吧！在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
The coat I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
The film we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。
在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。
who和whom作宾语时也可省略。
例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
定语从句“介词+关系代词+不定式”用法-初中英语语法
定语从句“介词+关系代词+不定式”用法-初中英语语法一、用法实例“介词+关系代词+不定式”的表现形式通常为 in which to do sth, with which to do sth, on which to do sth等，其中的介词视具体语境的搭配而定。
如：She must have time in which to grow calm. 她需要有时间冷静下来。
She had no time left in which to pack her things. 她没有时间收拾行李了。
He had only the long nights in which to study. 他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。
Allow me one minute in which to change my costumes. 给我一点时间来卸装。
Now he had no pretext on which to prolong his stay. 现在他已没有继续留下去借口。
He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。
She had some money in the bank, with which to help her mother. 她银行里有些钱用来协助她的母亲。
The boy wants another fifty cents with which to buy some ice cream. 这男孩还要五角钱去买冰淇淋。
It was a marvelous place to begin one’s management career. First of all, there were so many different aspects oftransport on which to try my hand. 这是开始一个人的经营管理生涯的好地方。
中考指导：初中英语语法大全之定语从句
中考指导：初中英语语法大全之定语从句定语从句1在复合句中做定语的从句称为定语从句，它可以用来修饰名词或代词。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句必须放在先行词后面。
2引导定语从句的词通常被称为关系词。
关系词一般位于先行词与定语从句之间，且作为定语从句的一个成分。
关系词又分为关系代词和关系副词。
I 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。
例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that 在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换)。
例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
(which / that在句中作宾语)The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
初中定语从句
初中定语从句1. 定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一个从句，用来修饰名词或代词，从而限定其词义。
它通常由关系词（如who, which, that）引导。
定语从句的作用是为主句中的名词或代词提供更详细的信息，使句子更准确、具体。
2. 定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词有多种选择，常用的有：- who: 指人，作主语或宾语；- which: 指物，作主语或宾语；- that: 指人或物，作主语或宾语；- whose: 指人或物，表示所属关系；- where: 表示地点；- when: 表示时间。
3. 定语从句的结构定语从句的结构是“关系词 + 主句”。
主句可以是一个完整的句子，也可以是一个短语。
- 如果定语从句修饰主语，可以使用关系代词who, which, that 作为关系词。
例如：The girl who is standing there is my sister.- 如果定语从句修饰宾语，可以使用关系代词who, which, that 作为关系词。
例如：I bought a book that I wanted for a long time.4. 定语从句的注意事项在使用定语从句时，需要注意以下几点：- 定语从句可以放在被修饰的名词或代词的前面或后面；- 当被修饰的名词或代词是物时，一般使用which或that；- 当被修饰的名词或代词是人时，一般使用who或that；- 当被修饰的名词或代词是所有格时，一般使用whose；- 当被修饰的名词或代词是地点时，一般使用where；- 当被修饰的名词或代词是时间时，一般使用when。
5. 定语从句的练下面是几个定语从句的练题：1. I have a friend __________________ is a doctor.2. The book __________________ I borrowed is very interesting.3. Do you know the girl __________________ brother is a famous actor?可以使用上述引导词填空进行练。
初中英语语法—定语从句的基本用法和特殊用法
先行词 决定
关系代词 从句中的谓语动词形式
1.I know a girl who _li_k_es_(like)red. I know those girls who _li_k_e_(like)red. 2. Jim reads books which a_r_e_(be) fun.
Practice
定语
I know the girl who is in red .
先行词 关系 被定语从句修饰的词 代词
who which that
1、主从句之间的连接作用。 2、指代前面的先行词。
whom
3、在定语从句中充当某种成分。 whose
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句 子叫定语从句。
先行词和关系代词
1.I know a girl who likes red.
1.先行词被最高级或序数词修饰 2.先行词同时含有人和物的名词 3.先行词前有 the only, the very, the last 修饰
4.先行词是everything, something, anything, all,some, many,much,little, few,none等不定 代词时。
__C___I visited in London years ago.
A what B who C that D which 先行词既有人又有物。
3. He is the very boy__t_h_a_t_I’m looking for.
A that B.which C who D what 先行词前有the very 修饰
leave.
who that
2. The book he bought yesterday is very interesting. which that
初中英语语法：定语从句
❖ 关系代词与介词 ❖ 1. 当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只
能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一 律不能省略。 ❖ 例如：I want to find the pen with which I wrote that letter. ❖ 2.介词在末尾时，可用that/which（代 物），that/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾 语，切这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。 ❖ 例如：The man （whom/who/that/） he wants to see is in Shanghai.
而跟which. ❖ His mother does morning exercises every day,
which is good for her health. ❖ 在限定性定语从句中，which和that都指物时，可
通用。 ❖ The picture that/which was drawn by Tom was
that she was interested in. ❖ “that”不能用于非限定性定语从句 ❖ 在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物时只能用
“which”，不能用“that”，而且“which”不能省 略。 ❖ This is John’s book, which is very interesting. ❖ (这是约翰的书，这本书很有趣。)
副词when。) 比较：I still remember the day ( _________ )
we spend together.
先行词 “ the day” 在从句中做spend宾语： We spend the day together. （所以在该句中
2020用/11/2关3 系代词which/that，并且可省略。）
人教版初中英语语法定语从句 ppt课件
步骤三
In which = where
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关系代词 关系副词
who whom which that whose When where why
先行词 句中作用
人
主语/宾语
人／物 主语／宾语
人／物 定语
时间 状语
地点 状语
reason 状语
省否
关系代 词在句中 作宾语可 以省略
这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。
She was annoyed by something that I had said.
她为我说的某句话而不高兴。
Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be.
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深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。
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1引导定语从句2在从句中作一成份3代替先行词在从句中的位置步骤二步骤二步骤三步骤三where步骤一步骤一先行词house带入句子houserighthouseright关系代词关系副词先行词句中作用主语宾语关系代词在句中作宾语可以省略whom宾语which主语宾语whose定语when时间状语where地点状语whyreason状语关系代词whowhom的用法who和whom均只用于指人不用于指事或物其中who在定语从句中用作主语whom在定语从句中用作宾语
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■ 关系代词whose的用法
关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在 定语从句中主要用作定语。如：
She is the woman whose car was stolen. 她就是汽车被盗的 This is the house whose windows were broken. 这就是窗户
初中英语语法专项复习之定语从句考点归纳
初中英语语法专项复习之定语从句考点归纳限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，关系代词有that,which,whom,who,whose以及关系副词when,where等，没有明显的逗号把从句与主语分开，表达的意思为被修饰词的一个定语。
非限制性定语从句：作用相当于一种插入语或者对先行词的一种解释，和先行词之间只有比较松散的关系，文字中常常用逗号将其与主句分开，用法其实与限制性定语从句极为相似，只是不能用that做修饰词。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：①同先行词的关系上：限制性定语从句同先行词关系密切，如果去掉会影响整个意义的表达；非限制性定语从句同先行词的关系不密切，删掉后不影响总体意思的表达。
例：A shop should keep a stock of goods which sells best.商店应存有最畅销的货物。
（若去掉定语从句句意将改变）②形式上：限制性定语从句通常不与先行词隔开，非限制性定语从句用逗号同先行词隔开。
③使用的关联代词：由that ,who, which等关联代词引导的限制性定语从句中，当关联代词在从句中作宾语或表语时可以省略，whom作为动词宾语或作为介词宾语但没有与介词紧挨时可以用who替代；在非限制性定语从句中不可省略关联代词，且不可使用关联代词that，whom不可用who来替代。
例：The purpose of this trip was to record the wildlife and plants （that/which） we found in the forest.这次旅行的目的是把我们在森林里发现的野生动物和植物记录下来。
④限制性定语从句只修饰先行词，而非限制性定语从句可以修饰先行词、句子的一部分或是整个句子。
例：We don't like this room，which is too cold.我们不喜欢这个房间，它太冷了。
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定语从句
定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句
子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系
词(关系代词或关系副词引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
关系副词有:when, where, why, how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语
从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1 、关系代词引导的定语从句
1 who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如
下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语
2 whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换,例如:
Please pass me the book whose (of which cover is green.
3 which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾
语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the
countryside.(which / that在句中作宾语
The package (which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which /
that在句中作宾语
关系代词that和which 都可以指物,that 和Who 都可以指人,其用法区别:
不用that的情况:
a 在引导非限定性定语从句时
(错The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b 介词后不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
c 多用who 的情况
①关系代词在从句中做主语
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
②先行词为those, people 时
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.
③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时
One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.
④在There be句型中
There is a stranger who wants to see you.
⑤在被分隔的定语从句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以
上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and
studies very hard.
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.
2 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行
词时,只用that,不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
b先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时,只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
c先行词为序数词(the last、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。
The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.
d先行词既有人,又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.
e当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时,用that 以避免重复。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate.
f关系代词在从句中做表语
He is not the man that he used to be.
2 、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词,在从句中作状
语。
关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"
介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which he refused our offer?
I'm surprised the way how (by which he works out the problem.
注意:
①在非限制性定语从句中,"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词。
如:They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as
slaves.
②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开,介词仍放在动词后面。
Is this the book which (that she was looking for?
3、名词/数词/代词/形容词最高级+ 介词+ 关系代词引导定语从句
She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.
There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.
There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.
4、as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and
this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as可引导非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
用法区别:
(1 as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。
As we all know, he never smokes.
(2 as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若
为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which。
(3非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等
时。
She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.
(4As 的用法the same… as; such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一
样……。
(5I should like to use the same tool as is used here.
We should have such a dictionary as he is using.