英国概况练习（6）
专业八级人文知识
美国概况练习题：1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____.2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____.3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____.4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____.5 ____has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____.7 In the United States, primary education requires____years.8 Most college students in the United States are in____institutions.9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.10 _____(which state )is not governed by the common law.练习题答案及题解:1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。
2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。
英国的经济发展的概况和特点
英国的经济发展的概况和特点经济的概况：（6个阶段）①16世纪：英国资本主义兴起和发展。
新航路开辟后，英国成为大西洋航运中心，积极开展海外贸易。
手工工场在许多领域建立起来。
农村，圈地运动，使农村出现了资本主义的牧场和农场。
奴隶贸易使许多城市兴盛起来。
②18世纪60年代－1840年前后，英国完成了工业革命。
（复习英国进行工业革命的条件、重大发明、特点、影响、尤其是对英国的影响）③19世纪中期，英国是世界上最发达的资本主义国家，号称世界工厂。
在世界工业中居垄断地位、英国的煤、铁、纺织品的产量都超过法、德、美三国的总和。
④19世纪末20世纪初，英国经济发展缓慢，丧失了世界工业中的垄断地位，但还占有一定地位，特别是它的造船业和金融业仍有举足轻重的作用（注意英国经济格局的变化－世界工厂地位的确立和丧失并分析原因、影响）⑤20世纪二三十年代，：英国霸权地位开始衰落。
一战使英国的债务比战前增加了10倍。
英国从债权国变成了债务国。
伦敦不再是世界唯一的金融中心，英镑的地位发生了动摇。
1924年，英国的工业超过战前的水平。
1929－1933年，英国发生了经济危机，经济出现了严重倒退（分析经济的这种变化对政治、外交、民族解放运动的影响？）⑥二战后，英国经济严重削弱。
英国同其它资本主义国家一样经历了恢复、快速发展和滞胀时期．(注意知识的拓展和延伸，没讲英国，而只是讲了美国，要注意)这种情况对英国外交的影响．（二）特点：①英国是世界上最先进行和完成工业革命的资本主义国家，是世界上第一个资本主义工业国②英国是占领殖民地最多的国家，殖民地对英国经济的发展具有非常重要的意义。
③从17世纪到19世纪中期，英国一直是资本主义最发达的国家。
19世纪中期以后，英国在世界资本主义经济中的地位逐渐下降。
英国的政治：（一）英国政治的演变概况（8个阶段）：①文艺复兴时期，英国出现了杰出的人文主义者莎士比亚和卓越的思想家弗兰西斯·培根②宗教改革运动中，英国进行了自上而下的宗教改革，成立了不属罗马教皇管辖的英国国教。
英国国家概况及英国文化
英国国家概况及英国文化、教育简介国名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 ( The United Kingdo m of GreatB ritai n and Northe rn Irelan d)国旗：呈横长方形，长与宽之比为２∶１。
为“米”字旗，由深蓝底色和红、白色“米”字组成。
旗中带白边的红色正十字代表英格兰守护神圣乔治，白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神圣安德鲁，红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。
此旗产生于１８０１年，是由原英格兰的白地红色正十旗、苏格兰的蓝地白色交叉十字旗和爱尔兰的白地红色交叉十字旗重叠而成。
国徽：即英王徽。
中心图案为一枚盾徽，盾面上左上角和右下角为红地上三只金狮，象征英格兰；右上角为金地上半站立的红狮，象征苏格兰；左下角为蓝地上金黄色竖琴，象征爱尔兰。
盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、代表英格兰的狮子和一只代表苏格兰的独角兽支扶着。
盾徽周围用法文写着一句格言，意为“恶有恶报”；下端悬挂着嘉德勋章，饰带上写着“天有上帝，我有权利”。
盾徽上端为镶有珠宝的金银色头盔、帝国王冠和头戴王冠的狮子。
国歌：《上帝保佑女王》 "god save the queen"（如在位的是男性君主，国歌改为"god save the king"）国花：玫瑰花国鸟：红胸鸽国石：钻石科学节：１８３１年开始，一年举办一次科学周：１９９４年开始，在每年的３月举办自然地理：２４．４１万平方公里（包括内陆水域），英格兰地区１３.０４万平方公里，苏格兰７. ８８万平方公里，威尔士２. ０８万平方公里，北爱尔兰１. ４１万平方公里。
位于欧洲西部的岛国。
由大不列颠岛（包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士）、爱尔兰岛东北部和周围一些小岛组成。
英国概况
1) The House of Lords
The House of Lords currently consists of two very different types of member, the Lords Temporal(世俗议员) and Lords Spiritual(神职议 员). Lords Temporal include appointed members--life peers(终身贵族) and ninety-two remaining hereditary peers(世袭贵族)，elected from among, and by, the holders of title which previously gave a seat in the House of Lords. The Lords Spiritual represent the Archbishops(大教主) and most senior Bishops(主教) of the church of England.
4．Political Parties
The UK is a multi-party system（多党制） and since the 1920s, the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party(保守党) and the Labor Party（工党） The Liberal Democrats(自由民主党), a party formed by the merger of the former Liberal Party自由党 and Social Democratic Party 社会民主党in 1988, is the third largest party in the British parliament. It is not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The leader of the party that wins the most seats is asked to form a government and the leader becomes the Prime Minister and selects his or her cabinet. (在选举中，赢得多数选票的政党的领导人成为首相，并且 选举自己的内阁阁员)
英国概况正式国名大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国面积市公开课获奖课件省名师示范课获奖课件
课堂练习
• 8、（）实际上成为英国旳第一位首相。
沃尔波尔
• 9、20世纪23年代后来，（）和（）成为 英国议会中旳两大主要政党。
• 工党 保守党
课堂练习
• 10、（）简称内阁,其首脑是（）， 内阁组员是各部大臣。
责任制内阁 首相
• 11、内阁名义上对（）负责，其实是 对（）负责。
国王 议会
民主共和制
• 民主共和制是指国家旳权力机关和国家 元首由选举产生并有一定任期旳政权组 织形式。它是多数资本主义国家采用旳 政体。
• 资本主义国家根据立法机关和行政机关 关系旳不同，可分为议会制共和制和总 统制共和制。
二元制君主立宪制
• 二元制君主立宪制，是君主和议会 分掌政权，君主任命内阁，内阁对 君主负责，君主直接掌握行政权， 而议会行使立法权，但君主有否决 权。如1871—1923年德意志帝国和 明治维新后一段时间旳日本。在当 代，二元制君主立宪制只有个别国 家实施。
• 2、为英国资本主义发展提供了强有力保障。 • 3、有利于防止暴力冲突，对社会旳稳定起
着不可低估旳作用。
• 4、英国旳君主立宪政体，成为后来诸多国 家效法旳样板。
三、责任制内阁
• 1、内阁旳概念和形成过程 • 2、内阁怎样组建起来 • 3、内阁与首相、议会旳关系
• 英国内阁由首相主持，它是英国政府旳 领导关键，是行政决策机构。
元首，君主权力按宪法要求受到一定 限制旳政权组织形式。
君主立宪制
议会制君主立宪制（主要） 二元制君主立宪制
议会制君主立宪制
• 议会制君主立宪制简称议会君主制， 它旳主要特征是：第一，议会拥有 立法、组织和监督政府旳权力；第 二，君主是象征性旳国家元首，其 职责多数是礼仪性旳，如代表国家 出访，签订法律文件等；第三，政 府（内阁）掌握行政权力，它由议 会产生并对议会负责。
英语国家概况知识点(绝对全)
英语国家概况知识点（绝对全）第一部分英国第一章英国地理1. The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2. There are three political divisions on the islands of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.3. About a hund red years ago, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area.4. The Britain Empire was replaced by the Britain commonwealth in 1931,which is a free association of independent counties that were once colonies of Britain.5. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.6. Britain has, for centuries, been tilting with the northwest slowly rising, and the southeast slowly sinking. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands. The southeast and east are mainly lowlands.7. The pennies, a range of hills running from north midlands to Scottish border, are the principal mountain chain.8. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain in Britain, and the Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is the largest lake in Britain.9. There are three natural zones in Scotland: the highlands in the north, the central lowlands, and the southern uplands. The lowlands in the center comprise mostly the forth and Clyde valleys.10. Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast are the capitals of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.11. Scotland has about 800 islands, including the Orkney, Shetlands and Hebrides.苏格兰有800座岛屿，包括奥克内群岛，谢特兰群岛和赫不里德群岛。
英语国家概况（英国部分）
Chapt e r 1 The Land and Histo r y英国全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士及北爱尔兰构成，位于大西洋东部的不列颠群岛，是个岛屿国家，由大不列颠岛，爱尔兰岛北部和众多小岛组成。
面积约24.40万平方公里，人口超过6400万(2013年)。
英国属于温带海洋气候，常年温和多雨，气候多变。
受高纬度因素的影响，有类似极昼极夜的现象，冬季日短夜长，夏季日长夜短。
公元前3000年左右，伊比亚人最先到达大不列颠岛。
随后，比克利人、凯尔特人相继来到不列颠。
公元前1世纪到公元5世纪，罗马入侵。
罗马人撤离后，欧洲北部的盎格鲁撒克逊人和以丹麦人为主体的斯堪的纳维亚先后入侵。
到了1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉征服了英格兰，英国的封建制度正式形成。
1215年，国王约翰被迫签订了大宪章。
不久，议会制度形成，从此英国的王权被不断削弱和限制。
1688年，―光荣革命‖爆发，确立了君主立宪制。
18世纪后期到19世纪前期，英国成为世界上第一个开始并完成工业革命的国家。
19世纪是英国发展的鼎盛时期，分别建立了第一大英帝国和第二大英帝国。
到二战前夕，英国统治了世界约1/4的土地。
第一次世界大战以及第二次世界大战的爆发，导致英国的政治、经济势力大为削弱，失去了霸权地位。
随着其殖民地的相继独立，20世纪60年代，大英帝国彻底瓦解。
I. Gener a l Intro d ucti o n1. Locat i on and the Four Natio n s The full name of the UK is the Unite d Kingd o m of Great Brita i n and North e rn Irela n d. It is made up of four natio n s: Engla n d, Scotl a nd, North e rn Irela n d, and Wales . It is locat e d to the north w est of conti n enta l Europ e , separ a ted by the Engli s h Chann e l. Geogr a phic a lly, it is an islan d count r y, cover i ng an area of about 244,019 km 2, and consi s ts of Great Brita i n and north e aste r n part of Irela n d, toget h er with many small islan d s of Briti s h Isles . Great Brita i n accou n ts for over 90% of the count r y’stotal landm a ss. It is the large s t islan d off the north w este r n coast of mainl a nd Europ e with Engla n d, Scotl a nd and Wales on it. Irela n d is the secon d large s t islan d of Briti s h Isles locat e d to the north w est of Great Brita i n. It is divid e d into two parts : North e rn Irela n d and the Repub l ic of Irela n d (an indep e nden t count r y).Engla n d is the large s t part of the UK and occup i es most of the south e rn two third s of Great Brita i n. The total area of Engla n d is 130,410 km 2 with a popul a tion of aroun d 53.9 milli o n (Mid-2013 estim a ted), which cover s morethan 84% of the total UK popul a tion . It is the most popul o us and highl y urban i zed part of the UK . Londo n , the capit a l of the UK and Engla n d, as well as the seat of gover n ment , is locat e d in its south e aste rn part.Map of Briti s h Isles Scotla nd is the second larges t and most mounta inous part of the UK in the northof GreatBritai n. Compar ed with that of Englan d, the popula tiondensit y is quitelow. Thereare only 5.3 millio n people with an area of 78,789 km2. Edinbu rgh, its larges t city, is the capita l of Scotla nd. Scotla nd is famous for its beauti ful natura l scener y, such as Scotti s h Highla nds1and Loch Ness2, as well as many histor icalplaces, like the Edinbu rgh Castle s.Walesis on the wester n side of centra l southe rn GreatBritai n. The totalarea of Walesis 20,779 km2, whichaccoun ts for 1/4 partsof the UK. It is also a mounta inous part of GreatBritai n, partic ularl y in the northand centra l region s. The southe ast region is the most builtup region of Wales, and the majori ty of its popula tionlive thereand a largepropor tionof its indust ry is basedthere. Its capita l city, Cardif f, is also in this region.Northe rn Irelan d lies in the northe ast of the island of Irelan d, coveri ng14,139 km2, whichconsti tutes 1/6 of the island. It is the smalle st part amongthe four nation s of the UK, as well as the second sparse ly popula ted part afterScotla nd. The capita l is Belfas t, the larges t city in Northe rn Irelan d both in popula tionand in area. It is the center for govern ment,econom ic, arts, higher educat ion, busine ss, law of Northe rn Irelan d. Additi onall y, it is the birthp laceof Titani c, and votedone of the world’stopdestin ation s.2. Climat eThe overal l climat e in the UK is temper ate mariti me, whichmeansthat it is mild with temper ature s neithe r much lowerthan 0℃ in winter nor much higher 32℃ in summer. Genera lly, the UK has warm summer s and cool winter s, with July and August as the warmes t month, and Januar y and Februa ry as the coldes t. Howeve r, due to the influe nce of Gulf Stream3, the summer s are cooler than thosein contin ent whilethe winter s are milder. Normal ly, the temper ature in summer is around20℃，with the high rarely goingabove30℃. The averag e temper ature in winter is around 0℃ and seldom go below-10℃ even in the most northe rn part of the countr y.Meanwh ile, sinceBritai n is an island countr y and surrou ndedby the sea, the climat e is consid erabl y change ablecompar ed with othercountr ies. Sincethe variab le climat e changi ng day to day, it is hard for people to predic t what the weathe r will be like the next day. Additi onall y, the unique geogra phica l positi on is also the reason for the dampne ss of the climat e. The rainfa ll is fairly distri buted throug houtthe year. Althou gh it does not rain everyday, it is always advisa ble for people to bringan umbrel la or waterp roofclothi ng everyday.II. Histor y1. The Foundi ng of the NationThe record ed histor y of the UK begins with the Romaninvasi on in 55BC. In 55 and 54BC, Britai n was twiceinvade d by Julius Caesar and his Romantroops. Howeve r, it was not until43AD that the Romanled by Claudi us I finall y succes sfull y invade d and Britai n became part of the RomanEmpire. The native Celtic were driven to the mounta in region s of Scotla nd and Wales, whichremain ed unconq uered by the Romans.The Romans have greatimpact on many aspect s of the Britis h cultur e. The Romancivili zatio n was introd ucedto the Britai n during this period. For exampl e, Romanstylebathsand temple s were built, cities like London and townswere constr ucted, and the system of govern mentwas also introd uced. With the declin e of the RomanEmpire, when the German ic troops attack ed Rome in 410 A.D., the Romans had to withdr aw in orderto protec t theirown nation, whichled to the end of Romanoccupa tion.Afterthe leaveof the Romans, threegroups of German ic tribes called the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons came to Britai n from the Europe an contin ent in the mid-4th centur y. They conque red differ ent region s of Britai n:1Scotti sh Highla nds：苏格兰高地，是对苏格兰高地边界断层以西和以北的山地的称，被认为是欧洲风景最优美的地区。
余志远《英国国家概况》笔记和课后习题详解(大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国 国家的起源)【圣才出品】
第2章国家的起源2.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Early Settlers (5000 BC—55 BC)1. The Iberians2. The Beaker Folk3. The CeltsⅡ. Roman Britain (55 BC—AD 410)Ⅲ. The Anglo-Saxons (446—871)Ⅳ. The Viking and Danish InvasionsⅤ. The Norman Conquest (1066)Ⅰ. Early Settlers (5000 BC—55 BC)1. The IberiansThe first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians. At about 3000 BC during the New Stone Age, the Iberians came to Britain, probably from the Iberian Peninsula.2. The Beaker FolkAt about 2000 BC the Beaker Folk arrived from the areas now known as Holland and the Rhineland.3. The CeltsThe Celts began to arrive about 700 BC. They came to Britain in three main waves. Ⅰ. 早期的定居者(5000 BC—55 BC)1. 伊比利亚人英国最早的定居者是伊比利亚人。
大约公元前3000年，新石器时期，来自伊比利亚半岛的伊比利亚人来到了英国。
2. 宽口陶器人大约公元前2000年，宽口陶器人来到现在的荷兰和莱茵兰地区。
3. 凯尔特人公元前700年，凯尔特人来到英国。
他们分三批来到这里。
Ⅱ. Roman Britain (55 BC—AD 410)1. Julius Caesar, the great Roman general, invaded Britain for the first time in 55 BC. For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation.2. The Romans also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.3. The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.Ⅱ. 罗马统治时期(55 BC—AD 410)1. 尤里乌斯·凯撒，罗马将领，在公元前55年入侵英国。
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英国概况练习（6）
Ⅰ. True or False:
1. A century ago the British economy was among the strongest in the world. T
2. John Maynard Keynes was an influential American economist. F
3. A strong opponent of the policies of the Labor Party, Margaret Thatcher worked to increase government control over the British economy. F
4. In Britain service industries account for about two-thirds of its gross domestic product. T
5. The area between London and South Wales is often referred to as Britain’s “Silicon Glen”. F
6. Britain imports chiefly manufactured products and exports mostly raw materials. F
7. Most of the United Kingdom’s trade is with other developed countries, especially other members of the European Union. T
8. The value of Britain’s exports of goods usually exceeds the value of its imports. F
9. Today, the City of London is the centre of London where government departments are located. F
10. The trade union movement in Britain is becoming stronger these years because of changes in the structure of employment. F
Ⅱ. Multiple choices:
1. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of __B_____.
A. Adam Smith
B. John Maynard Keynes
C. Margaret Thatcher
D. Karl Marx
2. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced __B____.
A. economic recession
B. economic expansion
C. economic decline
D. economic depression
3. Which of the following is NOT true of Britain’ agriculture? D
A. British farming is highly mechanized.
B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.
C. British farming is very efficient.
D. Britain’s agriculture can produce enough food for its people.
4. In Britain less than ____A____ of the population are farmers.
A. 2%
B. 4%
C. 6%
D. 10%
5. In the ___C___ Britain became a net exporter of oil.
A. 1960s
B. 1970s
C. 1980s
D. 1990s
6. To stimulate economic recovery, the Thatcher B
Government carried out all the following policies but
______.
A. privatization
B. interventionism
C. deregulation
D. market liberalization
7. Britain is the __D__ largest trading nation in the world.
A. third
B. fourth
C. fifth
D. sixth
8. British oil fields were discovered on the ____D___.
A. English Channel
B. Irish Sea
C. Norwegian Sea
D. North Sea
9. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain? D
A. Microprocessors.
B. Computers.
C. Biotechnology.
D. Motor vehicles.
Ⅲ. Discuss British economic policies and performance in modern times.
In the 19th century, Britain had the world’s leading economy.
The British economy remained relatively strong, but already began to decline from the beginning of the 20th century.
British government applied the economic theories of Keynes and carried out state involvement in the 1950s and 1960s.
British economy was referred to as the “Sick Man of
Europe”by the 1970s.
Thatcherism was the reason for the boom in Britain in the 1980s.
Since around 1992, Britain had witnessed the longest period of sustained economic growth for more than 15 years.
In 2008 the United Kingdom entered a recession brought about by the global financial crisis.。