现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法

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动名词与现在分词的区别

动名词与现在分词的区别

动名词(gerund)和现在分词(present participle)的区别所谓动名词(gerund)就是名词,只是保有一些动词的功能.所以它在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,定语等那些名词可以充当的成分.而现在分词(present participle)相当于形容词,在句中作定语或者状语(一) 1.作主语:Doing exercise is good for our health.Studying English is our task.学习英语是我们的任务。

(studying作主语,是动名词。

)2.作表语:Seeing is believing.The situation is very inspiring.One of the best exercises is swimming.3.-ing形式在句中充当宾语:He likes playing football.他喜欢踢足球。

(playing作宾语,是动名词。

)4. -ing形式在句中充当同位语His ambition,conquering the whole world,was never fulfilled.他征服全世界的野心从来没有实现。

(conquering作同位语,是动名词。

)(二)不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语,如果单独作状语,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。

如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词;如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用现在分词。

例如:Working hard(If you work hard),you will succeed.Hearing the news,he got very excited.他得知这消息后非常兴奋。

(时间状语,听到…后,主动关系)I saw him going upstairs.我看到他上楼的。

(going作宾语补足语,是现在分词。

)Given 10 minutes, I can finish the work. (I 和give 是被动关系)。

高中英语语法动名词和分词

高中英语语法动名词和分词

高中英语语法动名词和分词下面是给大家搜集的高中英语语法动名词和分词,一起来看看吧。

在英语中,不作谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。

非谓语动词有动词不定式;动名词和分词。

分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。

一、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:1. 非谓语动词由于不能用作谓语,因而没有语法上的主语,但它往往有逻辑上的主语。

如:How can I get to know her? 我怎么能认识她呢?(不定式to know 的逻辑主语是 I )The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语是them)I can’t bear him staying up so late. 我不能忍受他这么晚睡。

(动名词 staying up 的逻辑主语是 him)We being League member, the work was well done.(现在分词的逻辑主语是We)Who is that speaking? 您是哪一位?(现在分词的逻辑主语是that)They plan further talks with interested parties on this question.他们就此问题打算与有关各方进一步谈判。

(过去分词interested parties 的逻辑主语是 parties)2. 非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。

非谓语动词短语往往可以转化成各种从句。

如:The man standing there is our English teacher. The man who is standing there is our English teacher. 站在那儿的那个人是我们的英语教师。

(现在分词短语转化为定语从句)3. 非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。

现在分词与过去分词课程

现在分词与过去分词课程
accNoroditngfitno tihsehrienqugirements, he was asked to
do it again.
现在分词与过去分词的区别: 现在分词主要表示正在进行或主动的意思, 过去分词则表示已经完成或被动的意思。
falling flowers ( 正在凋落的花朵) fallen flowers(已经凋落的花朵)
5) 现在分词的否定形式:
Having found the wallet, he went home.
否定句
Not having found the wallet, he didn’t want to go home.
由于没有按要求完成作业,他被要求重做一遍 Because he didn’t finish his homework
那消息令人失望。 The news was disappointing.
你不能说: Disappointing was the news.
3.作表语的现在分词前可以用very,quite, rather, greatly等副词修饰,而动名词则不可 以。
他的话很鼓舞人心。 What he said was very encouraging. 我们的目标是在不久的将来实现四个现代化。
1) 分词的一般式:
在路上走的时候,他发现了一支钢笔。
When he was walking along the street, he found a pen.
Walking along the street, he found a pen. (同时发生 )
After she returned home, my friend learned that the police had been to the flats. Returning home, my friend learned that the police had been to the flats. (几乎同时发生)

非谓语动词用法总结

非谓语动词用法总结

非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,一般包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。

非谓语动词有着特定的用法和功能,能够在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等成分。

下面将对非谓语动词的用法做一个总结。

一、动词不定式(to + 动词原形)1. 作主语:To learn is important for everyone.学习对每个人来说都很重要。

2. 作宾语:I want to go shopping.我想去购物。

3. 作表语:His dream is to become a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。

4. 作定语:The best way to learn English is to practice speaking.学习英语的最佳方法就是练习口语。

5. 作状语:She went to the library to borrow some books.她去图书馆借些书。

二、动名词(Ving形式)1. 作主语:Swimming is good for health.游泳对健康有好处。

2. 作宾语:I enjoy reading novels in my free time.我喜欢在空闲时间读小说。

3. 作表语:Her favorite hobby is drawing.她最喜欢的爱好是画画。

4. 作定语:I saw a man reading a newspaper in the park.我看到一个在公园里读报纸的人。

5. 作状语:She improved her English by practicing every day.她通过每天练习提高了她的英语。

三、分词(普通形式:Ving形式或者过去分词形式)1. 作定语:The smiling girl is my sister.那个笑着的女孩是我的妹妹。

2. 作补语:I saw him running in the race.我看到他在比赛中奔跑。

英语。。。动名词 复习

英语。。。动名词 复习

B) 关于逻辑主语的问题 关于逻辑主语的问题: D. Mike’s coming 1.____________________________ C. your pretending 2.____________________________
动名词作表语 动名词作表语
Their job is building houses. houses. His job is raising pigs. pigs. 注①:动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别: 动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别: 动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯; 动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯; 不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作, 不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作,特别是将来的 动作,试比较: 动作,试比较: My favourite sport is swimming. swimming. The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation. pronunciation.
★ 动名词 ( 短语 ) 还常常跟在短语动词之后 , 作介词 动名词( 短语) 还常常跟在短语动词之后, 的宾语。 常见的有: 的宾语 。 常见的有 : insist on / think of / dream of / object to / hear of / prevent … from / keep … from / stop … from / feel like / be engaged in / look forward to / depend on / thank … for / excuse … for / devote … to / set about / spend … in / get (be) used to … / be fond of / be afraid of / be tired of / succeed in / be interested in / be

高中英语动名词和分词的用法的知识点

高中英语动名词和分词的用法的知识点

高中英语动名词和分词的用法介绍一、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:1. 非谓语动词由于不能用作谓语,因而没有语法上的主语,但它往往有逻辑上的主语。

如:How can I get to know her? 我怎么能认识她呢?(不定式to know 的逻辑主语是 I )The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语是them)I can’t bear him staying up so late. 我不能忍受他这么晚睡。

(动名词 staying up 的逻辑主语是 him)We being League member, the work was well done.(现在分词的逻辑主语是We)Who is that speaking? 您是哪一位?(现在分词的逻辑主语是 that)They plan further talks with interested parties on this question.他们就此问题打算与有关各方进一步谈判。

(过去分词interestedparties 的逻辑主语是 parties)2. 非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。

非谓语动词短语往往可以转化成各种从句。

如:The man standing there is our English teacher. The man who is standing there is our English teacher. 站在那儿的那个人是我们的英语教师。

(现在分词短语转化为定语从句)3. 非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。

The foreign guests hope to join the National Day celebration of Beijing. The foreign guests hope that they can join the National Day celebration of Beijing.外宾希望参加北京的国庆庆祝会。

非谓语动词(分词_动名词_不定式)

非谓语动词(分词_动名词_不定式)

主 语
动名词
不定式
1.若句子的主语和表语都为非 谓语动词,其形式要求一致。
2.It is (no) good/use doing sth. do
Teaching is learning. teach learn
教也是学。
It is no use doing that. do
那样做是没用的。
看性质
只能接不定式作宾语的动词
hope, wish, promise, refuse, arrange, decide, fail, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, hate, prefer, ask, choose, expect …
注意下列动词
begin to do ① start + doing continue
The swimming boy is Tom. swim (主动、进行)
face the room facing south (主动)
The film is disappointing. disappiont (令人……的)
make I have a radio made in China. (被动) break Look at the broken glass. (被动、完成)
It’s strange foryou to do that.
Studying English is important.
Our studying English
逻辑主语
Li Lei’s Studying English
逻辑主语
用两个复合结构翻译句子: 1. 李明的迟到使得老师很生气。
2.我现在离开你介意吗? 3.他对我打电话会很吃惊的。

四种非谓语动词形式

四种非谓语动词形式

四种非谓语动词形式非谓语动词是指在句子中不担任谓语的动词形式,包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

本文将详细介绍这四种非谓语动词形式及其用法。

一、动词不定式(infinitive)1. 形式:动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成。

a. 作主语:To travel is my dream.b. 作宾语:- 动词不定式做及物动词的宾语:I want to learn English.- 动词不定式做介词的宾语:She is good at playing the piano.c. 作表语:His dream is to become a doctor.d. 作定语:I have a book to read.e. 作状语:He went to the supermarket to buy some vegetables.二、动名词(gerund)1. 形式:动名词由动词的-ing形式构成。

a. 作主语:Swimming is good exercise.b. 作宾语:I enjoy reading books.c. 作宾语补足语:I heard her singing in the room.d. 作定语:We have a walking tour tomorrow.e. 作状语:He improved his English by practicing speaking.三、现在分词(present participle)1. 形式:现在分词由动词的-ing形式构成。

a. 作定语:The running girl is my sister.b. 作状语:She left the house, smiling happily.四、过去分词(past participle)1. 形式:过去分词有规律变化(如:-ed,-en)和不规律变化(如:broken,spoken)。

a. 作定语:The broken chair should be repaired.b. 作宾语补足语:I have finished my homework.c. 用于被动语态:The letter was written by him.总结起来,动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词是四种常见的非谓语动词形式。

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现在分词和过去分词的用法一、现在分词(一)现在分词的定义:现在分词(Present Participle)(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,由动词原形+ing形式组成。

具有双重性,一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语;另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是非谓语动词的一种。

(二)现在分词的功能与用法:1. 作定语单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前,分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。

一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。

e.g. a running boy→ a boy who is runningthe girl standing there → a girl who is standing there例如:The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not specific qualifications.A. requiringB. to be requiredC. being requiredD. to have required2. 作补语只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补:1)感官动词:see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen tolook at2)使役动词:have get catch leave set注意:要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补)。

eg. I saw him singing now.Don’t have the students studying all day.注意:宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。

3. 作表语(1) 分词作表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词作表语,一种是过去分词作表语,究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。

一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。

所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。

这类词常见的有:interesting 使人感到高兴— interested感到高兴的exciting令人激动的— excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的— delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的— disappointed感到失望的encouraging 令人鼓舞的— encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的— pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的— puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的— satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的— surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的—worried感到担心的如:Traveling is interesting but tiring.The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果让学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。

4. 作状语现在分词作状语多表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、伴随等。

思考题1:请将下列句子中的现在分词短语转化为相应的状语从句:Walking in the street, I saw him. (时间状语)Working hard, you will succeed. (条件状语)Being ill, she stayed at home. (原因状语)Having failed many times, he didn’t lose heart. (让步状语)His parents died, leaving him an orphan. (结果状语)Please answer the question using another way. (方式状语)He entered the classroom, taking a book in his hand. (伴随状语)注意:有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在:generally speaking一般来说Judging from/by 由……判断出strictly speaking 严格来说roughly speaking 大致来说narrowly speaking 狭义上说broadly speaking 广义上说(三)现在分词的独立主格独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)有两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。

前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。

独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。

独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。

e.g. Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.(it在句中指代的是”天气”)Weather permitting, we will go outing this weekend.思考题2:请将以上两个句子中的独立主格结构改为相应的状语从句。

(四)现在分词的时态与语态:现在分词的一般式:(1) 现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。

如:She sat there reading a novel.(2) 现在分词的一般式所表示的动作有时在谓语动词的动作之前发生。

如:Going into the room,he shut the door. 走进房间,他就关上了门。

现在分词的完成式:现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成。

Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.做完作业后,这个小女孩开始看电视。

现在分词的被动式:现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语为现在分词动作的承受者。

(1) 现在分词的一般被动式。

如:The building being built is our library.(2) 现在分词的完成被动式。

如:Having been told many times, he still did not know how to do it.(人家)已经告诉他多少次了,他还是不知道怎么做。

思考题3:请将下列两个句子中的现在分词短语改为相应的定语从句或状语从句。

1. The question being discussed is of great importance.2. Having been warned by the teacher, the students didn’t make such mistakes.例如:1.________in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To waitB. Have waitedC. Having waitedD. To have waited2.According to a recent U.S. survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ______TV.A. to watchB. to watchC. watchingD. watch3.The flu is believed _______ be viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused4.The flowers ______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt5.Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run6.They see you as something of a worrier, ______ problems which don’t exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them.A. settlingB. discoveringC. seeingD. designing答:选C 解析:根据句意“他们把你看成是一个杞人忧天的人,常常考虑一些并不存在的问题,为那些尚未发生的事情而烦恼。

”可知,只有see才有“考虑”之意。

settle 解决;discover发现;design设计。

7.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______ the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told8.You were silly not _____ your car.A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having locked9.The man insisted _______ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. findB. to findC. on findingD. in finding10.The old man, _______ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to workB. workingC. to have workedD. having worked参考答案:1—10 CCCBB CBBCD二、过去分词(一)过去分词的概念过去分词只有一种形式,没有主动语态,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。

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