高中英语语法大全(最新版全国通用)
(完整版)高中英语语法——动词ing形式的用法

3. 在介词后接动名词作宾语
1) I insist on taking proper food for this trip. 2) Instead of smiling, each of them made a face. 3) She was very interested in working for our company.
1)Walking is a good form of exercise for both
young and old. 2)Watching news on TV has become a routine
for me. 3)Going to Hangzhou by train takes about
没有比……更糟的 • There is/was no point doing 做……无意义
Try to tell the meaning of each sentence.
1)There is no hiding of evil but not to do it. 若要人不知, 除非己莫为。 2)There is no joking about such matter. 这种事开不得玩笑。 3)There was no knowing when he would leave. 无法知道他什么时候离开。
归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有: • It +be +a waste of time doing • It is/was no good/use doing • It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing • It is/was worth/worthwhile doing • There is no doing...无法……; 不允许……
高中英语语法:强调句(最终版)

强调句适用的句型:
1. 陈述句的强调句型 It is/ was + 被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语) + that / who+ 其他部分。 It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 2. 一般疑问句的强调句型 同 上 , 只 是 把 i s / w a s 提 到 i t 前 。 Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 3.特殊疑问句的强调句型
注意:
此种强调只用 do/ does 和 did ,没有别的形式;过去时用
did,后面的谓语动词用原形。
使用强调句型应注意的事项:
(1)可以强调三个句子成分(主、宾、状) (2)连接词不能省略 (3)时态分为两种:一般现在时和一般过去时
历年高考中的强调句:
1. It _____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.
英语强调句型
The Emphatic[ɪmˈfætɪk] Pattern
1. I am going to meet my friend at the airport tomorrow. 2. It is I who/that am going to meet my friend at the airport tomorrow. 3. It is my friend that I’m going to meet at the airport tomorrow. 4. It is at the airport that I’m going to meet my friend tomorrow.
(完整版)高中英语倒装句语法知识汇总

情态动词,则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did,并将其置于主语之前。
1。句首为否定或半否定的词语,如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at
no time 决不, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。
3。 Over _______, dead.
text。
A。 rolling the goat
B。 rolled A. will come B. comes C。 has come D.
the goat
there is
C. did the goat roll D。 the goat 8。 Often _____ them not to smoke here.
部 Then came the chairman。 那时总裁来了。
内 Here is your letter。 你的信。
容 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber。 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹.
A. In came Mr Brown
B。 Mr Brown old man
in came
C。 did an old man enter D. an old man
C。 In came he
D。 came in entered
Mr Brown
7。 Now ______ your turn to recite the
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question。 无论如何你不会找到这个问
(完整版)人教版高中英语必修语法知识点总结

高中必修一到必修五主要语法点必修一:直接引语和间接引语(宾语从句);现在进行时表将来;定语从句必修二:定语从句(非限定定从、定从中的介词前提);被动语态(一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态) 必修三:情态动词;名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)必修四:主谓一致;非谓语动词(V-ing) ;构词法必修2 第一单元,非限制性定语从句的第二单元一般将来时的主被动第三单元现在完成时的主被动第四单元现在进行时的主被动第五单元介词+which/whom的用法必修3 一二单元情态动词的用法三单元宾语从句和表语从句四单元主语从句五单元同位语从句必修4 第一单元主谓一致第二单v-ing作主语和宾语的用法第三单元v-ing作表语,定语和宾语补足语第四单元v-ing作状语第五单元构词法必修5 第一单元过去分词作定语和表语第二单元过去分词作宾语补足语第三单元过去分词作状语第四单元倒装句第五单元省略句必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语1.go through 经历,经受get through 通过;完成;接通电话2. set down 记下,放下3. a series of 一系列4 on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻7. face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加(某个活动);take part in 参加(活动)join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.)much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、语法----直接引语和间接引语概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。
高中英语动词用法语法大全(打印背诵版)

高中英语动词用法大全(名师总结必考知识点,值得下载背诵)一、什么是动词动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,例如:The boy runs fast.(这个男孩跑得快。
)runs表示主语的行为He is a boy.(他是个男孩。
)is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态二、动词的分类动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。
动词的分类行为动词(实义动词)(1)及物动词:(可以直接带宾语):visit,enjoy,finish; (2)不及物动词:(不能直接带宾语)work,go, come; (3)状态动词:(相对静止)exist,own,belong(4)动作动词:延续性(work,cook);非延续性:(leave,come)联系动词助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语)Be (am,is are) do(does, did); have (has,had):will(would);shall情态动词:can (could); may (might); must; shall (should)(一)行为动词行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。
它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。
例如:I live in Beijing with my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。
)live,住It has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。
)has,有(二)连系动词连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,例如:We are in Grade Two this year.(今年我们在两年级。
)are,是are 这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。
连系动词可具体分为三类:1、表示“是”的动词be。
这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been等要特别予以注意。
英语语法大全(精心整理)

目录1.名词 ............................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
1.1名词复数的规则变化 (5)1.2其他名词复数的规则变化 (5)1.3名词复数的不规则变化 (6)1.4不可数名词量的表示 (6)1.5定语名词的复数 (7)1.6不同国家的人的单复数 (7)1.7名词的格 (7)2.冠词和数词 (8)2.1不定冠词的用法 (8)2.2定冠词的用法 (8)2.3零冠词的用法 (9)2.4冠词与形容词+名词结构 (9)2.5冠词位置 (9)2.6数词 (10)3.代词 (10)3.1人称代词的用法 (12)3.2人称代词之主、宾格的替换 (12)3.3代词的指代问题 (13)3.4并列人称代词的排列顺序 (13)3.5物主代词 (13)3.6双重所有格 (14)3.7反身代词 (14)3.8相互代词 (14)3.9指示代词 (15)3.10疑问代词 (16)3.11关系代词 (17)3.12every , no, all, both, neither, nor (17)3.13none, few, some, any, one, ones (18)3.14代词比较辩异one,that 和it (19)3.15one/another/the other (19)3.16“the”的妙用 (19)3.17anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each (19)3.18both, either, neither, all, any, none (20)3.19many, much (20)4.形容词和副词 (21)4.1形容词及其用法 (21)4.2以-ly结尾的形容词 (21)4.3用形容词表示类别和整体 (21)4.4多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 (22)4.5副词及其基本用法 (22)4.6兼有两种形式的副词 (23)4.7形容词与副词的比较级 (23)4.8as + 形容词或副词原级+ as (24)4.9比较级形容词或副词+ than (24)4.10可修饰比较级的词 (25)4.11many,old 和far (25)4.12the + 最高级+ 比较范围 (25)4.13和more有关的词组 (26)5.1系动词 (27)5.2什么是助动词 (28)5.3助动词be的用法 (28)5.4助动词have的用法 (29)5.6助动词shall和will的用法 (30)5.7助动词should和would的用法 (30)5.8短语动词 (30)6.动名词 (31)6.1动名词作主语、宾语和表语 (31)7动词不定式 (32)7.1不定式作宾语 (32)7.2不定式作补语 (32)7.3不定式主语 (33)7.4It's for sb.和It's of sb. (34)7.5不定式作表语 (34)7.6不定式作定语 (34)7.7不定式作状语 (34)7.8用作介词的to (34)7.9省to 的动词不定式 (35)7.10动词不定式的否定式 (35)7.11不定式的特殊句型too...to (36)7.13不定式的特殊句型Why not (36)8.特殊词精讲 (37)8.1stop doing/to do (37)8.2forget doing/to do (37)8.3remember doing/to do (37)8.4regret doing/to do (37)8.6try doing/to do (38)8.7go on doing/to do (38)8.8be afraid doing/to do (38)8.9be interested doing/to do (38)8.10mean to doing/to do (39)8.11begin (start)doing/to do (39)8.12感官动词+ doing/to do (39)9.分词 (39)9.1分词作定语 (39)9.4分词作补语 (41)9.5分词作表语 (41)9.6分词作插入语 (41)9.7分词的时态 (41)10.独立主格 (42)10.1独立主格 (42)10.2With的复合结构 (42)11.动词的时态 (43)11.1一般现在时的用法 (43)11.3used to / be used to (44)11.4一般将来时 (44)11.5be going to / will (45)11.6be to和be going to (45)11.7一般现在时表将来 (45)11.8用现在进行时表示将来 (45)11.11用于现在完成时的句型 (46)11.12比较since和for (47)11.14延续动词与瞬间动词 (47)11.17将来完成时 (48)11.26一般现在时代替进行时 (50)11.27现在进行时代替将来时 (51)11.28时态一致 (51)1.29时态与时间状语 (51)12.动词的语态 (51)12.1Let的用法 (51)12.2短语动词的被动语态 (52)12.3表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组 (52)13.句子的种类 (53)13.1句子的种类 (54)13.4用助动词进行强调 (56)14.倒装 (58)14.1倒装句之全部倒装 (58)14.2倒装句之部分倒装 (58)14.4so, neither, nor作部分倒装 (59)14.5only在句首要倒装的情况 (59)14.6as, though 引导的倒装句 (59)14.7其他部分倒装 (60)15.主谓一致 (60)15.1并列结构作主语谓语用复数 (60)15.6与后接名词或代词保持一致 (61)16.虚拟语气 (61)16.1真是条件句 (62)16.2非真实条件句 (62)16.4虚拟条件句的倒装 (63)16.7比较if only与only if (64)16.8It is (high) time that (64)17.名词性从句 (64)17.1引导名词性从句的连接词 (65)17.2名词性that-从句 (65)17.3名词性wh-从句 (66)18.定语从句 (67)18.1关系代词引导的定语从句 (67)18.2关系副词引导的定语从句 (68)18.9关系代词that 的用法 (70)19.状语从句 (70)19.1地点状语从句 (70)19.2方式状语从句 (70)19.3原因状语从句 (71)19.4目的状语从句 (71)19.5结果状语从句 (71)19.6条件状语从句 (72)19.7让步状语从句 (72)19.8比较while, when, as (73)19.9比较until和till (73)19.10表示"一...就..."的结构 . (73)20.1并列连词与并列结构 (74)20.2比较and和or (74)20.3表示选择的并列结构 (75)20.4表示转折或对比 (75)20.5表原因关系 (75)20.6比较so和such (76)21.情态动词 (76)21.1情态动词的语法特征 (76)21.3比较may和might (76)21.4比较have to和must (77)21.5must表示推测 (77)21.6表示推测的用法 (77)21.7情态动词+ have +过去分词 (78)21.8should 和ought to (78)21.9had better表示"最好" (78)21.10would rather表示"宁愿" (79)21.14比较need和dare (80)22介词 (80)22.1介词的句法功能 (80)22.2主要介词区别 (80)1.名词名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词(Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。
高中英语语法知识点归纳总结(超详细)(精华版)
高中语法学问点总结第一章冠词高考对冠词的考查集中在基本用法上,主要既反映在对泛指,特指及固定短语冠词的考查;抽象名词,物质名词的详细化依旧是高考的重点,难点;一,不定冠词“一”的概念,但并不强调数目,用来表示不确定的不定冠词a,an 与one 同源,表示柔弱的人或事物;an 用在元音前,而不是元音字母前;A 用在辅音前,而不是辅音字母前;a university in Asia1.表示同类中的“任何一个”A cat has nine lives.2.表示泛指的某人,某物I know a John Lennon ,but not the famous one.3.表示数量的“一”He has a daughter.4. 表示单位数量的”每一”I earn 10 dollars an hour.5.表示相同的”The two birds are of a color.6. 用于集体名词前He grows up in a large family.7. 在某种情形下可用于抽象名词和物质名词前China has a long history.二,定冠词的用法1.表示特定的人或物2.表示地球,宇宙中独一无二的事物主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响的物体;The sun,the moon,the earth3.表示地点,方向,时间,方式等at the corner 在拐角处1)在表示季节的名词前常不用冠词;In spring 在春天2) 详细某年的某个季节,需用冠词;In the summer of the year20213)用于序数词或形容词的最高级前thefirst the second4)用于形容词前使其名词化the rich the poor“夫妇”或全家5)用于复数姓氏前,表示The Smiths6)用于乐器名词前Playthe piano7)用于by+the+计量单位名词By the pound1. 用于复数名词前复数名词泛指某类人或物时,其前通常用零冠词;Students should obey the school rules. 同学应当遵守校规;复数名词如需特指,就要加定冠词;The students are too lazy. 这些同学太懒;2. 用于不行数名词前不行数名词表示泛指时,其前通常用零冠词;如:Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的;Wood is a poor conductor of sound. 木头是声音的不良导体;不行数名词如需特指,就要加定冠词;He sawed the wood into three pieces. 他把木头锯成三块;3.用于专出名词前在通常情形下,专出名词前要用零冠词;如:Mr Smith is our English teaches us English. 史密斯先生教我们英语;在特殊情形下,如专出名词需要特指,也可加定冠词;如:The Smith you ’re looking for no longer lives here.4. 用于抽象化的可数名词前有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动,其前通常零冠词;Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡觉了;She goes to church every Sunday. 她每周星期天都去做礼拜;这类主要涉及bed, church, class, college, school, university, work, hospital, prison, market, sea, town 等;另外,这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关;如:“住院”在英国英语中通常说成in hospital ,而在美国英语中就通常说成in the hospital ;类似的仍有go touniversity ( 英)上高校在吃饭;5. 用于职务及头衔前/ go to the university ( 美)上高校;at table (英)在吃饭/ at the table (美)当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语,补足语及同位语时,其前通常用零冠词;如:Wilson became President of the U. S. A. 威尔逊当了美国总统;He will be made captain of the football team. 他将被选为足球队队长;6. 在表示学科,语言,三餐,月份,季节,节假日,星期等名词前,通常用零冠词;我们大家都对物理感爱好;We are all interested in physics.7. 用于某些固定结构中go to sea 去当水手at night 在晚上at most 至多at last 最终on foot 步行at home 在家at least 至少第一at firstin bed 在床上face to face 面对面其次章代词高考中对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词(主要是其中的代词上;it),关系代词,指示代词和不定一,it 的用法1.作人称代词John likes playing Ping pong ./ He always does it in the afternoon .(指代上下文提到的事物);/It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home . / It is getting warmer and warmer./ It's very quiet at the moment .(可指时间,天气,环境等)2.引导词A .作形式主语,代替由不定式,动名词或从句表示的真正主语;It's important for us to learn a second language ./ It's no use talking to him ./ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun.B.作形式宾语,代替由不定式,动名词或从句表示的真正宾语;We feel it our duty to help others ./ He made it clear that he would leave the city .C.强调结构:It is (was) + 被强调部分+that ( 或who)其后的连接词也绝不能为when 留意:在强调结构中,如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语,或where,而应用that ;在复习中,肯定要留意句式的不同;It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar .(that 引起强调句)It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar .(where 引起定从)It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there .(when 引起时间状语从句)It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there .(that 引起强调句)3. it,one,that 的区分:作为代词,这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一;—Why don't we take a little break. —Didn't we just have .A .it B.that C.one D.thisThe Parkers bought a new house but will need a lot of work before they can move in .A .they B .it C.one D .whichthat 特指性强,指代可数与不行数词,而it 指代上文提过one 用以指代同类事物中的任一,的同一事物;二,关系代词who,whose,whom,which,that,as1)which 可以引导非限定性定语从句,代表前面整个句子的内容,并且在从句中做主语2)that 的用法1)不用that 的情形a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时;b) 介词后不能用;We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2) 只能用that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情形a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which ;等作先行词b) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little时,只用that,不用which;c) 先行词有the only, the very 修饰时,只用that;that;.d) 先行词为序数词,数词,形容词最高级时,只用e) 先行词既有人,又有物时;举例:All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题;Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察;as 的用法3)AS 作关系代词,用来引导定语从句一,AS 引导限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句和限非制性定语从句AS 引导限制性定语从句时,通常和such, the same, as(so)等连用,构成such...as/such as, thesame...as/the same as, as(so)...as等结构,在从句中可作主语,宾语和表语;1.such...as/such as意为“.的.. 那种...,像那样的”,such...as/such as引导限制性定语从句时, )既可指人,也可指物;such 用于名词之前时时,具有代词性质;,具有形容词性质;such 单独使用(即后面不接名词Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face.(as作主语)不要信任那种当面吹捧你的人;You should read only such books as you can understand without much difficulty.(as 作宾语你应当只读那些你读起来不太难懂的书;Associate with such as will improve your manners.(as 作主语)要和能改善你的言行的那种人结交;)2.the same...as/the same a s意为“与...同样的”和, such一样,the same既有形容词作用代词性质;We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.(as 作宾语)我们已得出和他们同样的结论;比较:the same...as和the same...that 不同,前者是“同那一个相像”后,者是“正是那一个如:This is the same watch as I lost.这同我丢的那块表一样;,又有”;这正是我丢的那块表;3.as(so)...as意为“和...一样”后,接由many, much等修饰的名词或由形容词修饰的单数名词,留意其语序为as(so)+adj.+a+n+as,如:It ’s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen.这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影;As many soldiers as marched were killed.许多游行的战士都被杀了;留意:such ...as 与such...that ,so...as与so...that 的区分: that 是连词,引出结果状语从句,在从句部分不作成分;as 是关系代词,引出定语从句,在从句中可作主语,宾语和表语;比较: He is such a nice boy that everyone likes him.He is such a nice boy as everyone likes.It is so difficult a problem that nobody can work it out.It is so difficult a problem as nobody can workout.二,AS 引导非限制性定语从句AS 引导非限制性定语从句时,通常指的不是主句中的某一个名词(先行词),而是指整个主句表达的内容,对主句所作的陈述进行附加说明,意为“这...,如...或正如... ;”这种从句可位于主句之前,之中或之后;As we all know, Taiwan belongs to China.Taiwan, as we all know, belongs to China.Taiwan belongs to China, as we all know.留意下面的习惯用法:as is well discussed 正如已争论过的as is often said 正如通常所说as is often the case 通常就是这样as has been pointed 正如所指出的那样as has been said before 如上所述as often happens 犹如常常所发生的那样as might be expected 正如所料as is well known to all 众所周知在多数情形下,从句中的谓语助动词可以省略as explained before 如前面所说明的as mentioned above 如前面所提到的as shown in the figure 如下列图as seen from the table 从表中可以看出as already discussed 正如已争论过的三,不定代词一). some 与any 的用法1. some 用于确定句以及表示建议或期望得到确定回答的问句;修饰单数名词时,意为某个;如:I have some questions about the assignment.(期望得到确定答复);表示一些;用于确定句时,只和单数名词或不行数名词连用,2. any 用于否定句和疑问句时,表示任何;如:‘s.The medicine is on sale every where. You can get it at any chemist二). each 与every 的用法1. each 强调个体,表示两个或两个以上中的每一个,在句中可充当主语,宾语,定语和同位语;如:There are trees and flowers at each side of the road.every of them ,2. every 强调整体,表示三者或三者以上中的每一个,只能作定语,不能说要说every one of them .Every student in our class works hard.三. no one 与none 的用法of 连用,谓语动词用单数形式,1. no one 意为没有人,只能指人,不能指物,不行与介词回答who 引导的问句;如:Who is in the classroom ?No one.2. none 既可指人,也可指物,强调数量,意为一点也不,一个也不;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与of 连用,通常指三者以上的人或物中没有一个,回答how much 和how many 引导的问句;如:They were all tired ,but none of them would stop to have a rest.四. other,another,others,any other,the other 的用法1. other 表示泛指,意为另外的,其它的;常与复数名词或不行数名词连用;假如其前有the,this,some,any,each,every,no,one 以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词;如:I have no other place to go.2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的另外一个,假如其后接复数名词,就表示又,再,仍;如:泛指单数;可单独使用,也可后接名词;This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one);We need another three assistants in our shop.3. others :它是other 的复数形式,表示泛指,意为别的人或物,但不指全部;特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词;如:He has more concern for others than for himself.4. any other 表示一个之外的其他任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个;如:China is larger than any other country in Asia.5. the other :表示两者中的另外一个;可单独使用,也可接单数名词;如:No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other.五. all 与均表示都,both 的用法但all 表示三者以上的人或物,both 就表示两个人或物;二者都表示确定意义,假如与not 连用时,就表示部分否定;六. neither 与either 的用法都可用于表示两个人或物;neither 表否定意义,意为(两者中的每一个)都不;而either 表确定意义,意为(两者中的每一个)都;都可单独使用,也可同介词Both teams were in hard training ;neither willing to lose the game.Do you want tea or coffee ?of 连用;如:.‘t mindEither. I really don第三章形容词和副词高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在对形容词和副词的辨析上,同时加大对比较级的考查一,形容词1)多个形容词修饰名词的排列次序限定词(包括冠词,全部格,人称代词,指示代词,数量词等)+表示观点的词(品质,状态,即表示好坏美丑等的词种类+用途+名词)+大小或长短+年龄或新旧+外形或样式+颜色+产地或来源+材料或a nice long new black British plastic pen2)形容词作状语,表相伴或结果He returned,safe but tired.3)复合形容词的用法1)形容词2) 形容词3)形容词+ 名词+ ed+ 形容词+ 现在分词现在分词过去分词kind-hearted 好心的,white-haired 白发的red-hot 酷热的,dark-blue 深蓝的good-looking 好看的,easy-going 随和的4)副词5)副词hard-working 勤劳的,hard-won 得来不易的,fast-moving 快速转动的newly-made 新建的++6)名词 7)名词 8)名词 9)数词 10) 数词 二, 形容词 现在分词 过去分词 名词 + ed life-long 终生的, world-famous 世界著名的+ + + + peace-loving 爱好和平的, snow-covered 白雪掩盖的, fun-loving 爱开玩笑的hand-made 手工的four-storeyed 4 层楼的, three-legged 3 条腿的+ 名词 (名词用单数 ) ten-year 10 年的, two-man 两人的形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法一,比较级和最高级的常见结构1. “ th e 比+较级 , the +比较级 “:表示 “越 越 ”The sooner you see a doctor, the better it is. 你越早看医生越好;2. the +序数词 +最高级 +单数可数名词:表示 “第几大的 ”This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson ;这是迈克尔 ·杰克逊第三受欢迎的歌曲;二,比较级和最高级的修饰语1.常见的比较级的修饰语有: rather, any, (far) larger thanThis movie is far more interesting than I expected. 这部电影比我原想的有意思的多;2. all the + 比较级:愈来愈I worked all the harder. 我工作愈来愈努力了;much, a little, a great deal, far, by far, even, will, still, a bit, a little, 3.常见的最高级的修饰语有:序数词, 等He is almost the best player. 他基本上是最好的选手;4. any 修饰比较级只用于疑问句,否定句和条件状语从句Can you do any better on this job. 你这件事情能不能做得更好些 三,表达倍数的常用结构1.数词 +times+as+ 形容词原级 +asThis room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍;2.数词 +times+ 形容词比较级 +thanby far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really .This room is twice bigger than that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍;3.数词 +times+ 性质名词 +of ( 性质名词主要有: 等)length, size, height, weight, depth This room is twice the size of that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍;4. (not)half+as+ 形容词原级 +asThis room is half as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的一半;四,比较级与冠词的搭配1.不含 than 的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰,构成 “ a/an 比+ 较级 +单数可数名词”表示 “一个 更 的人 /物 ”; Why don ’ t you use a sharper knif e 你. 为什么不用一把更锐利的刀呢 .2.被比较者被明确特指时,比较级前面应当加定冠词 “ th e 修”饰; Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy. 哪一个年龄小一些,莉莉仍是鲁西 五,比较级和同级比较.1. as +原级 + as : 和 一样The room is as big as that one.这间房子和那间一样大;2. as many/much/far/long as + 详细数词:到达某种程度The number of the students in that school reaches as many as 4,000.那所学校的同学数量多达 4ooo 人;a 中s 间出名词时采纳以下格式: 3. as 1) as +形容词 + a/an +单数名词 +asHe is as kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一样都是和善的人;2) as + many/much+ 不行数名词 /可数名词复数 +asI can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少纸,我也能;I have as many books as you do.我的书和你的一样多; 六,关于比较级,最高级的几个高频考点1. most 前如没有 the ,就没有比较的意思,只是加强语气,有 This is a most interesting story ;2. 比较级 +than any otherShe is taller than any other girl in her class ;“很,特别 ”之意;never 比+较级 ,not ever 比+较级3. I have never heard a better voice than yours ;比+较级 +thanNothing is more precious than time ;没有比时间更宝贵的;第四章系动词的用法1. 最常用连系动词:2. 表变化的系动词: 词一般只有一般现在 be(am; is/was; are/were);get; turn; go; fall; become; grow; come; run 时和一般过去时两种时态变化形式, ;用法留意:在英语中,系动 没有其他时态变化形式; 但表 变化的这类系动词除外,它们有各种时态变化;E.g.: It is becoming colder and colder.The food has gone bad.此处仍需留意的是 become 和 turn 后接表职业的名词时冠词的有无:E.g.: Two years later, he became a teacher.但 Two years later, he turned teacher.另外, go 表变化时一般指事情向消极,不好的方面转化;3. 所谓 “感官动词 ” :look; sound; taste; smell; f e e ;l 一般它们在句子中译成: 上去;此类系动词为高考高频词;E.g.: The food tasted good. 食物尝起来很香;;;;起来; ;;; 其中必需留意到它们本身也用作实义动词,所以在平常的教学和应用中肯定多比较,关注它们的用法;E.g.: He looked sadly at the picture. / She looked sad after hearing the news.Tom tasted the food and it tasted good.4. 表状态的系动词: keep; stay; remain; (依旧是;保持)E.g.: She remains loyal to her father despite his cruelty towards her.What a lovely day today. I love fine weather and I hope it will stay fine for some more days. Much remains to be done.5. 表像系动词: seem; appear ;汉语意义:看起来像,似乎,似乎;这两个动词有一个共同 的特点,即假如要表达时态的变化,需要后接不定时来完成;E.g.: He seemed to have caught cold./ When Father came in, Tom seemed to be eating something. 另外此处一句型转换也要要求同学牢记It seemed that he had caught cold.When Father came in, it seemed that Tom was eating something.6. 终止系动词:prove; turn out ;表达“证明,证明,结果为;;;E.g.: He proved (to be) right. / The experiment turned out successful.系动词用法应留意的几个问题”之意;1.一般地说,系动词无进行时态,无被动语态Your hand feels cold.The soup tastes good.The dinner smells good.2.系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题;如:某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是He is growing taller and taller.Our life is getting better and better. Things are getting worse.get, become, grow, turn 等的进行时态可与形容词的比较“越来越”;例如:3.全部半系动词的被动语态要分情形争论;英语中某动词在作系动词用时,无被动语态,而作实义动词用时,才有被动语态,二者不可混为一谈;例如:不能说:The apple is tasted good.由于taste 此时是系动词,质,无被动语态)“尝起来”之意,指的是苹果的性但我们可以说:The apple is tasted by me.这苹果被我尝了一下;(taste 此时指“尝一尝”这一动作,有被动语态)因此,在平常的英语教学和学习之,要有意留意半系动词在详细的语言环境中到底是系动词用法仍是实义动词用法,要留意区分,识别;4.瞬时动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题英语中某些表示瞬时意义的系动词不能与+ 时间,so far 等”直接连用;例如:“for+时间段,since+时间点,how long until+时间,by①不能说:He has become a teacher for 2 years.应改为:He has been a teacher for 2 years.②不能说:He has turned writer since 3 years ago.应改为:He has been a write since 3 years ago.或It is two years since he turned writer.③不能说:He got angry until his child came back home.应改为:He didn ’t get angry until his child came back home.5.系动词能接几种表语(从句)系动词除了接adj.\n.\prep. 短语,仍可接以下几种表语形式:①能接as if/as though 表语从句的系动词有:look(看起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),feel(觉得);appear(显得),seem(似乎);例如:It looks as if we are going to have snow. 看样子天要下雪了;He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales. 他看来似乎刚从我的童话故事 中走出来似的;’ t understand why Laur 看a 来w a 她s 好th e 像r e 不. 能懂得为She seemed as if (though) she couldn 什么劳拉呆在那儿; tap run ’nin s g asomewhere. 我似乎听到某处水龙头流水的声音; It sounds to me as though there She felt as if her head were splitting. 她似乎觉得她的头要裂开了;The river appeared as if enveloped in smog. 那条河似乎掩盖在烟雾之中;It seems as if it were spring already. 似乎已是春天了;②可用于 “It+系动词 +that 从句 ”结构的有: seem, appear 如:It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work. 似乎他在工作中犯了严峻错误; It appeared that he was talking to himself. 似乎他在自言自语;③能用不定式作表语的系动词有: be, seem, , look, appear, prove, grow.Her job is to look after the children. 她的工作是照管孩子们;He seems not to look after the children. 他似乎不是她的父亲;He looks to be a young girl of twenty. 他看起来像是一个 He didn ’a t p pear to dislike it. 看不出他憎恨此事;My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议证明是错误的;20 岁的年轻姑娘;④能与 there 连用的系动词有: be, appear, seem.There appeared to be only one room. 那儿似乎只有一个房间;There seems(to be)no need to go.似乎没有必要走第五章 动词的时态和语态1,动词时态考查要点简述(1)一般现在时考点分析①表示客观事实或一般真理(不受时态限制)The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.②表示现状,性质, 状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示常常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动 词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用;Ice feels cold.We always care for each other and help each other.③表示知觉,态度,感情,某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时: taste , feel , notice , agree , believe , like , hate ,want , thinkbelong seem 等;如:I know what you mean.see ,hear , smell , Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.④在时间,条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时;但要留意由 if 引导的条件状语从 句中可以用 shall 或 will 表 “意愿 ”,但不表示时态;假如你情愿接 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. 受并参与我们的舞会,我的家人会特别兴奋;⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如 come ,go ,leave ,arrive ,fly ,return ,start ,begin ,pen ,close , end , stop 等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定,方案或支配要发生的动作;当 be 表示依据时间或事先支配,确定会显现的状态,只用一般现在时;The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.(2)一般过去时的考点分析(考核重点);①一般过去时的基本用法: (或有上下文语境示意) 事通常用过去式;如:表示过去的事情, 动作或状态常与表示过去详细的时间状语连用 ;用于表达过去的习惯; 表示说话人原先没有料到,想到或期望的 I met her in the street yesterday.②假如从句中有一个过去的时间状语, 词连用过去式;如:尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生, 但从句中的谓语动 He told me he read an interesting novel last night.③表示两个紧接着发生的动作, 常由以下词语连接, 用一般过去时; 如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute ;The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.④常用一般过去时的句型:Why didn ’ t you / I think of that.I didn ’ t notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didn ’ t recognize him.(3)一般将来时考点分析;①表示将来的动作或状态常用 tomorrow , next week 等);②表示一种趋向或习惯动作;We ’ ll die without air or water.will / shall + 动词(常与表示将来的时间状语边用如③表示趋向行为的动词如 come ,go ,start ,begin ,leave 等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时; ④be going to 与 will / shall, be to do, be about to do be going to 表示现在准备在最近或将来要做某事, 用法及区分:这种准备往往经过事先考虑, 甚至已做了 某种预备; shall / will do 表示未事先考虑过,即说话时暂时作出的打算;be going to 表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而 will 就能,表意愿;如:’ ll go 正f i 确shi)n g.( If it is fine, we If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.( 错误 )be to do sth.表按方案,支配即将发生的动作,仍可表示嘱咐,命令,禁止,可能性等;’ clock this afternoon.A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o be about to do sth.表示 “即可,就要 ”,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句;Autumn harvest is about to start.(4)现在进行时考点分析;①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作; 表示现阶段但不肯定是发生在讲话时; 表近期特定的 支配或方案; go , come 等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时;如:It is raining now.He is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the baby before six.)The girl is always talking loud in public. ( 与 always ,often 等频度副词连用,表常常反复的行 动或某种感情颜色 )②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时;(A )表示心理状态,情感的动作: agree, mean, need ;like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, (B )表存在的状态的动词: (C )表示一时性动作的动词: appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on ;allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete ;( D )表示感 官的动词: see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look ;(5)过去完成时考点分析(考核重点);①常用过去完成时的几种情形:(A )在 by ,by the end , by the time ,until , before , since 后接表示过去某一时间的短语或 从句以前发生的动作;如: By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station.(B) 表示曾实现的期望,准备,意图,诺言等;常用 had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ though / wanted / expected 等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即: + to have done ;hoped / planned (C ) “时间名词 + before ”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时; “时间名词 + ago ”在 句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去式;如: before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years (D )表示 “一 就 ”的几个句型: Hardly / No sooner / scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时; 如:We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.②在 before 或 after 引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时;After he (had) left the room, the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.(6)过去将来时考点分析;参照一般将来时对比:用 would do ,was / were going to do sth. 表过去将来; come ,go ,leave 等过去进行时表过去将来时; (7)过去进行时考点分析;was / were to do sth. 和 was / were about to do sth.表过去将来;①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生;②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生, (8)现在完成时考点分析;其中一个在由 when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句中;①现在完成时除可以和 for ,since 引导的状语连用外, 仍可以和下面的介词短语连用: during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks) , in recent years 等;②以下句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since 从句完)t 成im 时e that+This(That / It)is the first(second This(That / It)is the only 完成+ t 时hat + 从句 + 完成+时thatThis(that / I t)is the best / finest / most interesting ③在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替一般将来时;如:I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.。
(完整版)高中英语语法讲解与练习
(完整版)高中英语语法讲解与练习<< 语法 >> 学案第一讲冠词口诀: 冠词分为定冠、不定冠,不定冠词a和an,“—”的含义表泛指表示特指要用the,次序、方位、最高级世上物体独一个,人或事物再次提以下情况冠词免,学科球类三顿饭名词复数表泛指,季节星期月份前不定冠词a/an的用法:不定冠词有"a和an"两种形式。
"a"用在以辅音开头的词前,"an"用在以元音开头的词前。
判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头,是根据读音而不是根据字母。
一般情况下,开头字母是a、e、f、h、j、l、m、n、o、r、s、x前用不定冠词an。
1.在可数名词单数形式前表示"一":There is a tiger in the zoo.动物园里有一只老虎。
2. 表示一类人和东西 A tiger can be dangerous.老虎可能有危害性。
3. 表示"某一个"的意思A gentleman wants to see you.有一位先生要见你。
4. 表示"同一"的意思They are nearly of an age.他们几乎同岁。
5. 表示"每一"的意思We go swimming four times a week.我们每周去游泳四次。
6. 在作表语的单数可数名词前,表示身份、职业My mother is a teacher.我妈是教师。
7. 第一次提到的人或事物,但不特别指明是哪一个Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.很久很久以前,有一个年老的国王,他有一个非常美丽的女儿。
8. 在英国英语中,以"h"开头的多音节词,如第一个音节不重读,其前亦可用"an" There is a/an hotel near here.这附近有一家旅馆。
高中英语语法介词知识点大全,一篇让你全搞懂(可编辑修改word版)
高中英语语法介词知识点大全,一篇让你全搞懂!
介词的英语全称为“ preposition”是由“前缀 pre-(在……前部)
+position(位置)”构成的,所以又叫前置词。
一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。
介词是虚词,主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。
介词与其宾语构成介词短语。
可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词(或动名词短语)、名词性从句等。
一. 介词的分类
二. 介词短语的语法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
三. 表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别
四. 容易混淆的介词固定搭配的词组。
高中英语(必修3)重点词汇、短语、句型、语法全汇总
高中英语(必修3)重点词汇、短语、句型、语法全汇总学习的脚步永不停歇,下面是小编为同学们整理的人教版高中英语(必修3)重点词汇、短语、句型、语法全汇总!一起来学习吧~ 高中英语(必修3)重点词汇、短语、句型、语法全汇总Unit1 Festivals around the world重点词汇1.take place 发生2.religious 宗教的3.in memory of 纪念4.belief 信任,信心,信仰5.dress up 盛装,打扮6.trick 诡计,窍门7.play a trick on 搞恶作剧,诈骗8.gain 获得9.gather 搜集,集合10.award 奖品,授予11.admire 赞美,钦佩12.look forward to 期望,盼望13.day and night 日夜14.as though 好像15.have fun with 玩的开心16.permission 许可,允许17.turn up 出现,到场18.keep one's word 守信用19.hold one's breath 屏息20.apologize道歉21.obvious 显然的22.set off 出发,动身,使爆炸重点短语1.mean doing sth. 意味着mean to do sth. 打算或企图做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事be meant for 打算作……用; 为…而有2.take place 发生;举行3.of all kinds 各种各样的4.starve to death 饿死be starved of 缺乏starve for sth, starve to do 渴望5.plenty of 大量; 充足6.be satisfied with对......感到满意to one's satisfaction令某人感到满意7.do harm to sb.=do sb. harm 伤害某人8.in the shape of 呈…的形状,以…的形式9.in memory of/ to the memory of sb.纪念某人10.dress up 穿上最好的衣服;打扮,化装11.award sth.(to sb.)和award sb.sth.(for sth.) 颁奖reward sb. for sth. 因…奖赏某人reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人12.admire sb. for sth在某方面钦佩某人13.look forward to期望,期待,盼望14.have fun with(与某人)玩得开心;过得快乐( have a good time;enjoy oneself.)15. turn up 出现;调大/高turn down 拒绝;调小/低turn off 关掉turn on 打开turn out 结果是......turn to sb. for help 向某人求助16.keep one's word 守信用break one's word, 失信17.It be obvious that-clause显而易见;一目了然18.set off 出发; 使(地雷、炸弹)爆炸set in 开始set up 建立,创立set out to do = set about doing sth. 着手做set down 写下,记下19.remind sb. of sth. 提醒,使想起重点句型1.Please make sure when and where the accident took place.请查清楚事故是何时何地发生的。
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全日制高中英语语法大全 学习提纲
时态 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.): 主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.): 表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.): 表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?) 3、构词法:英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法: (1)派生名词:①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词:①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词:①形容词+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。 3、转换法: (1)形容词→动词,如:dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。 (2)动词→名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。 (3)名词→动词,如:hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。 (4)形容词→副词,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。 (5)副词→连词,如:when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。 (6)介词→副词,如:in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。
二、名词: 1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类: 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。 如:Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如:pupil, family, man, foot. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 ▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: box, child, orange; ▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information . 2、英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下: ①在单数名词词尾加s。如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches. [注]:少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如:photo→photos, piano→pianos. ③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties. ④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives. 2、不规则变化:man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.
3、名词所有格: 1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下: (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如:Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书) (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如:Teachers’ Day(教师节) (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如: today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口). (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如: a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿). 2、[注解]: ① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所) ② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) ③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)
4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题: 1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:如:The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷) 2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时, ① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) ② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:Class Three have a map of China.(三 班有张中国地图) 3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)