2016-2017大外素质拓展课 英汉翻译 期末试题

Intelligence Test

(1) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term “intelligence” than there is on how to interpret or classify them. (2) But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. (3) An intelligence test is a rough measure of a c hild’s capacity for learning particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. (4) It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. (5) It is not supposed to-- it was not designed for such purposes. (6) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. (7) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter, we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison.

人们对智力所指的有那些不同表现看法比较一致，而对这些表现如何进行解释和分类，意见就不那么一致了。（3分）但人们一般认为，智力高的人在处理问题时能抓住要点，善于区分，能进行逻辑推理，和利用语言和数学符号。（4分）智力测试只能很粗地衡量孩子的学习能力，尤其是学习学校要求的东西的能力。（3分）智力测试并不能衡量一个人的个性，社会适应力，耐力性，劳动技能，或艺术才能。智力测试的作用不应该如此，当初也不是为这些目的设计的。（3分）批评智力测试不能做到这些，就如同批评温度计不能测风速一样。（3分）既然对智力的评估是相对的，那么我们必须确保，对目标项进行比较时，我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公正的”比较。（4分）

The American and the English

(1) Of the intrinsic differences that separate American from English, the chief have their roots in the obvious disparity between the environment and traditions of the American people since the seventeenth century and those of the English.(2) The latter have lived under a relatively stable social order and it has impressed upon their souls their characteristic respect for what is customary and of good report.(3) Until the World War brought chaos to most of their institutions, their whole lives were regulated perhaps more than those of any other people, save the Spaniards, by a regard for precedent.(4) The Americans though partly of the same blood have felt no

such restrain and acquired no such habit of conformity.(5) On the contrary they have plunged to the other extreme for the conditions of life in their country, have put a high value upon the precisely opposite qualities of curiosity and daring and so they acquired that character of restlessness that impatience of forms that disdain of the dead hand which now broadly marks them.

许多本质上的不同将美国人与英国人区分开来。而主要的不同是，两国人根植于两个完全不同的社会环境和文化传统。自17世纪来，美国人和英国人在这两方面的差异十分明显。（4分）英国人生活在一个相对稳定的社会秩序里，这种秩序印刻在他们心灵里的是对习惯上和名誉上的东西有一种特有的尊敬。（4分）虽然第一次世界大战改变了他们大多数的制度和习俗，但在这之前，他们的全部生活，或许比其他任何民族的生活，除西班牙人，都更受到先例的制约。（4分）而虽然美国人中，一部分人的祖先是英国人，但他们没有这种约束。也没有这种一致性习惯的要求。（4分）相反，他们走到了另一个极端，因为他们国家的生活状况使他们看重的是好奇和勇敢这些相反的品质，这样他们形成的是不安现状、厌烦形式主义、藐视旧势力的个性。这些个性在他们身上普遍反映出来。（4分）