6句子结构

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句子成分句子结构

句子成分句子结构

句子成分句子结构
句子成分是组成句子的各个部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。

句子结构指的是句子的整体组织结构,包括简单句、复合句和并列句等。

句子成分主要有以下几种:
1.主语:句子中执行动作或被描述的主要名词或代词。

例句:Tom is a teacher.(Tom是主语)
2.谓语:句子中表示动作、状态或存在的动词或动词短语。

例句:She is reading a book.(is reading是谓语)
3.宾语:句子中接在动词后面,接受动作的名词或代词。

例句:I bought a new car.(a new car是宾语)
4.表语:句子中用来说明主语的名词、形容词、副词等。

例句:The food is delicious.(delicious是表语)
5.定语:句子中用来修饰名词或代词的词组或从句。

例句:The red dress is beautiful.(red是定语)
6.状语:句子中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的短语或从句。

例句:He runs fast.(fast是状语)
句子结构主要有以下几种:
1.简单句:只包含一个主语和一个谓语的句子。

例句:Mary likes ice cream.
2.复合句:包含一个主句和一个或多个从句的句子。

3.并列句:由两个或多个相互独立的简单句通过连词连接而成的句子。

例句:She likes to dance, and he likes to sing.。

结构6:倒装

结构6:倒装

6. On no account will I sign the document. 7. So badly did he write the letter that I couldn’t read it. 8. Had she found the right buyer, she would have sold the house. 9. No sooner had they entered the theater than the performance began. 10.Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task.

⑷ 当so, often, only等表示程度、频率 的副词放在句首时,句子一般要倒装。 例如: So weak was he that he could hardly stand up. Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.

⑵ 当out, away, up, bang等表示方位的 副词或拟声词放在句首时,句子一般要全 部倒装。但如果主语是人称代词则不能完 全倒装。例如: Away flew the bird. Bang goes my brilliant plan.

2) 倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或 情态倒装至主语之前。 ⑴ 具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时, 如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, No sooner … (than), Hardly/Scarcely … (when), not until…. Hardly had the lesson begun when the lights went out. 2. Were there no friction, we would not be able to walk. 3. Never before had they seen such a sight. 4. Under no circumstances will I do such a thing. 5. Not until everyone is seated will the lesson begin.

语法复习:句子结构及句型+主谓一致

语法复习:句子结构及句型+主谓一致

英语复习专辑(6)—句子结构及句型+主谓一致句子结构及句型一、句子和句子成分的定义句子是由单词(短语)按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能表达一个完整意思的语言单位。

组成句子的各个部分称为句子成分。

英语句子成分主要有:主语、谓语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语和状语等。

1. 主语表示句子描述的是“谁”(人)或“什么”(事物),是谓语的陈述对象,通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或者从句等担当。

(主语是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般放在句首。

)eg: The moon moves around the earth. 月亮围绕地球转。

She is a clever girl. 她是一个聪明的女孩儿。

Swimming is a good exercise. 游泳是一项好的运动。

To say is one thing, and to do is another. 说是一回事,做又是另外一回事。

2. 谓语说明主语的动作或者状态,一般在主语的后面。

由动词或者动词短语担当。

eg: I like studying English. 我喜欢学英语。

Chinese is a kind of great language! 汉语是一种伟大的语言!3. 宾语是动作的承受者,表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象,或者用于介词后构成介词短语,通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或者从句等担当。

eg: We love our country! 我们热爱我们的祖国!Her mother likes her very much! 她妈妈非常喜欢她!在英语中,有些及物动词,如give, pass, send, bring, tell, teach, show等+ sb. sth.可以有两个宾语:一个指人,一个指物。

这样宾语就包括直接宾语(表示动作的承受者,多为物)和间接宾语(表示动作是针对谁或为谁而做,多为人)。

我们把“直接宾语+间接宾语”叫做“双宾语”。

初中英语 五种简单句与六种句子成分

初中英语 五种简单句与六种句子成分

• 常跟双宾语的动词 • +to • bring, give, lend, offer, pass, send,
show, tell, write, ask等 • +for • buy, cook, draw, make, order等
Learning from practice
• 社区服务给做坏事的人一个机会。 • community • wrongdoers • Community services offer wrongdoers an opportunity.
定语
• 形容词作定语: • The little boy needs a blue pen. • 数词作定语相当于形容词: • There are two boys in the room. • 代词或名词所有格作定语: • His name is Tom. • 介词短语作定语: • The boy in blue is Tom. • 名词作定语: • There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.
宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作, 状态,特征.
• 1) Many hands make work light. • 2) They believe it of no value. • 3) The policemen do not allow anyone to enter. • 4) He found his money stolen. • 5) Education has made him what he is today.
D. was a strong influence on her work
Practice makes perfect

高中英语六种基本句型结构

高中英语六种基本句型结构

英语学习中的六种基本句型结构英语的句式从表达形式上来看,形式多样且丰富多彩,但仔细观察后就不难发现,无论其怎样变化,它们大都基本保持了常见的六个句型结构;也就是说,绝大多数英语句子都是由这六个基本句式演变、衍生而成的;因此,掌握好这六个基本句型以及他们的基本用法,对于初学英语的同学们来说,就显得非常重要了;这里做一简单列举与说明,希望对同学们的学习有所帮助:英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:SV主+谓主语——动词二:SVP主+系+表主语——动词——表语三:SVO主+谓+宾主语——动词——宾语四:SVoO主+谓+间宾+直宾主语——动词——宾语——宾语五:SVOC主+谓+宾+宾补主语——动词——宾语——补语六:There be + 主语+ 其它一、句型1:Subject 主语+Verb 谓语这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,常见的动词如:work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等;如:1 Li Ming works very hard;李明学习很努力;2 The little girl cried even harder;小女孩哭得更厉害了;3 The accident happened yesterday afternoon;事故是昨天下午发生的;1、The sun is rising;2、I'll try;3、Did you sleep wellwell做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep4、The engine broke down;注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态;1、The book sells well;2、The window won't shut;3、The pen writes smoothly;4、Cheese cuts easily;二、句型2:Subject 主语+ Link、V系动词+ Predicate表语这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等;其系动词一般可分为下列两类:1表示状态;这样的词有:be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等;如:1 This kind of food tastes delicious、这种食物吃起来很可口;2 He looked worried just now、刚才他看上去有些焦急;2表示变化;这类系动词有:become,turn,get,grow,go等;如:1 Spring comes、It is getting warmer and warmer;春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和;2 The tree has grown much taller than before;这棵树比以前长得高多了;1、Mr、Brown is an engineer;名词做表语2、Gradualy he became silent;形容词做表语3、She remained standing for a hour;现在分词做表语4、The question remained unsolved;过去分词做表语5、The machine is out of order;介词短语做表语6、The television was on;副词做表语7、His plan is to keep the affair secret;动词不定式做表语8、My job is repairing cars;动名词做表语9、The question is what you want to do;从句做表语,即:表语从句注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构;I'm happy to meet you;They are willing to help;We are determined to follow his example;三、句型3:Subject主语+ Verb 谓语+ Object 宾语这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词;其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当;例:1 He took his bag and left;名词他拿着书包离开了;2 Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties;代词当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助;3 She plans to travel in the coming May Day;不定式她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游;4 I don’t know what I should do next;从句我不知道下一步该干什么;1、Do you know these peoplethem名词或代词做宾语2、I can't express myself in English;反身代词做宾语3、He smiled a strange smile;同源宾语4、We can't afford to pay such a price;不定式做宾语5、Would you mind waiting a few minutes动名词做宾语6、I hope that I have said nothing to pain you;从句做宾语,即:宾语从句注意:并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法;四、句型4: Subject主语+Verb谓语+Indirect object间接宾语+Direct object 直接宾语这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担;引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等;如:1 Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present;她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物;2he old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March;老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事;上述句子还可以表达为:1Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present;2The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March;在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习遇时,要牢记;后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物;这类句型有三种情况;第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语;1、He handed me a letter;He handed a letter to me;2、She gave me her telephone number;She gave her telephone number to me;第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语;3、She sang us a folk song;She sang a folk for us;4、She cooked us a delicious meal;She cooked a delicious meal for us;第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当;5、Tell him I'm out;6、Can you inform me where Miss Green lives五、句型5:Subject主语+Verb 动词+Object 宾语+Complement补语这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”;宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等;担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等;如:1You should keep the room clean and tidy;你应该让屋子保持干净整洁;形容词2 We made him our monitor;名词我们选他当班长;3 His father told him not to play in the street;不定式他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩;●常见的动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,would like,order,force,allow等;●注意:动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to;如:1 The boss made him do the work all day;老板让他整天做那项工作;2 I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night;昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上;在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多;后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语;这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多;下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语;1、He found his new job boring;形容词做宾补2、They called their daughter Mary;名词做宾补3、This placed her in a very difficult position;介词短语做宾补4、We went to her house but found her out;副词做宾补5、What do you advise me to do不定式做宾补6、We thought him to be an honest man;tobe做宾补7、He believed them to have discussed the problem;不定式的完成式做宾补8、He believed her to be telling the truth;不定式的进行式做宾补9、Did you notice him come in不带to的不定式做宾补10、I saw her chatting with Nancy;现在分词做宾补11、He watched the piano carried upstairs;过去分词做宾补注意:在这个结构中,可以出现用it做形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面;在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句;1、He felt it his duty to mention this to her;分析:it是形式宾语,his duty是宾语补足语,to mention this to her是真正的宾语;2、I think it best that you should stay with us;分析:it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,that you should stay with us是真正的宾语;注意:习惯用语的使用在英语中,有很多动词习惯用语,在学习的过程中,要注意它们的使用,不必分析单独每个词的使用;例:We are short of money;be short of中short做表语She is always making trouble for her friends;trouble做make的宾语He has carried out our instructions to the letter;our instructions做词组carry out的宾语We are waiting for the rain to stop;wait for后面的the rain是宾语,to stop是宾语补足语2、在英语中,大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词,而且还会有一些固定词组,因此一个动词可以用于几种句型;例:ask①Did you ask the price直接接名词做宾语②She asked them their names;接双宾语③I asked James to buy some bread;接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语④I asked to speak to Fred;接不定式做宾语⑤Didn't you ask him in在此句中和副词in连用⑥He has asked for an interview with the President;组成固定词组ask for3、There be句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有…”①谓语动词和主语保持一致:There is a television in the sitting room;②有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall;③主语的后面有时有修饰语:There are a lot of difficulties facing us;There were many things to be done此处也可以使用to do;④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concertin the park tonight;There was littlechange in him;⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语;There used to be a cinema here;There seems to be something the matter with her;Is there going to be any activity tonight⑥there be句式变疑问句,把be提前;变翻译疑问句也要借助there;Is there any hope of getting the jobThere is nothing wrong with your watch,is there⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词:Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island;There came a knock at the door;At the top of the hill there stands an old temple;⑧用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being:You wouldn't want there to be another war;不定式的复合结构The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework;动名词的复合结构There being nothing else to do,we went home;独立主格结构六、句型6:There be + 主语 + 其它这一结构表示“某地有某物”;主语一般位于there be 之后;值得关注的是,当句中有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:1) There are two girls and a boy running on the playground;巩固性练习请判断下列句子的结构类型1、He is running;2、The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry;3、The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions;4、She seemed angry;5、My father bought me a beautiful present;6、Why do you keep your eyes closed7、Will you tell us an exciting story8、We must keep our classroom tidy and clean;9、I heard the baby crying in the sitting room;10、Can you push the window open答案:1、主语---动词2、主语---动词---宾语---补语3、主语---动词---宾语---宾语4、主语---动词----表语5、主语---动词---宾语---宾语6、主语---动词---宾语---宾语7、主语---动词---宾语---补语8、主语---动词---宾语---补语9、主语---动词---宾语---补语10、主语---动词---宾语---补语。

英语六大基本句型结构 (2)

英语六大基本句型结构 (2)

一、There be 结构中的主谓一致
1.
There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的 主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果句子的主 语是单数的可数名词,或是不可数名词,be 动词用“is” “was”。例如:
There
is a basketball in the box. There is a little milk in the glass.
is smells felt looks is is became turned is
an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red. what I like.
基本句型 三
keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them
C(补)
clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus.

There be句型和have\has的区别:
be句型表示 “存在有”, have\has表 示 “拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用.例 如: 桌子上有三本书. There are three books on the desk. 我有三本书. I have three books.
There
1.They work hard. 主 + 谓 2.The flower is dead. 主+系+表 3.Plants need water. 主+谓+宾 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 简宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 6.His face turned red. 主 + 系+表

英语句子的基本结构

英语句子的基本结构

英语的句子有6种基本结构1.主语+系动词+表语(A is B.)[例句] 哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。

Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students.2.主语+及物动词+宾语(A does B.)[例句]这些传统,对今天中国人的价值观念、生活方式和中国的发展道路,具有深刻的影响。

These traditions have exerted a profound impact on the values and way of life of the Chinese people, and on China‟s road of development today.3.主语+不及物动词(A leaves.)[例句]1847年,中国最早的一批留美学生容闳等人赴美求学。

In 1847, Chinese student Rong Hong and others came to the United States as the first group of Chinese students to study here.4.主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物)(A gives B something.)[例句]昨天,我参观了国际商用机器公司、美国电话电报公司和贝尔实验室,领略了当代科技发展的前沿成就。

My visit to IBM, AT&T and the Bell laboratory yesterday gave me some first-hand knowledge of the latest successes in modern science and technology.5.主语+及物动词+复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)(A tells B to do something)[例句]今天,正在为实现现代化而奋斗的中国人民,把对外开放作为一项基本国策。

语法复习:句子结构及句型+主谓一致

语法复习:句子结构及句型+主谓一致

英语复习专辑(6)—句子结构及句型+主谓一致句子结构及句型一、句子和句子成分的定义句子是由单词(短语)按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能表达一个完整意思的语言单位。

组成句子的各个部分称为句子成分。

英语句子成分主要有:主语、谓语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语和状语等。

1. 主语表示句子描述的是“谁”(人)或“什么”(事物),是谓语的陈述对象,通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或者从句等担当。

(主语是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般放在句首。

)eg: The moon moves around the earth. 月亮围绕地球转。

She is a clever girl. 她是一个聪明的女孩儿。

Swimming is a good exercise. 游泳是一项好的运动。

To say is one thing, and to do is another. 说是一回事,做又是另外一回事。

2. 谓语说明主语的动作或者状态,一般在主语的后面。

由动词或者动词短语担当。

eg: I like studying English. 我喜欢学英语。

Chinese is a kind of great language! 汉语是一种伟大的语言!3. 宾语是动作的承受者,表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象,或者用于介词后构成介词短语,通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或者从句等担当。

eg: We love our country! 我们热爱我们的祖国!Her mother likes her very much! 她妈妈非常喜欢她!在英语中,有些及物动词,如give, pass, send, bring, tell, teach, show等+ sb. sth.可以有两个宾语:一个指人,一个指物。

这样宾语就包括直接宾语(表示动作的承受者,多为物)和间接宾语(表示动作是针对谁或为谁而做,多为人)。

我们把“直接宾语+间接宾语”叫做“双宾语”。

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我们看小猪在跳舞! We saw the pigs dancing.
• (2)状语 • 定义:对修饰和限定动词、形容词以及副
词的部分,称之为状语。
He speaks English very well. 状语
• (3)同位语
• 一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或 代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词 (或其它形式)就是同位语。
谓 间宾 直宾
=Give the money back to me!
谓 直宾
间宾
• 物“直” 人“间”
• “带”人接物,直接跟着走;“带”物接人,勿忘 把to加。
• 常见的后面接to的双宾语动词有:give, bring, lend, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read, return… 如:
dancing! • 宾补
• (4)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
We saw the pigs dancing. 我们看小猪在跳舞。
• 注:宾语补足语,即对宾语的性质和内容 进行补充和说明。宾语和宾语补足语合称 为复合宾语。
• (5)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
• 直接宾语和间接宾语合称为双宾语。 Give me the money back! 还我钱!
主谓 状 • 注1:这种句型中的谓语动词虽然不接宾语,但通常会接
副词(如heavily)或介词短语(如in the east)来说明动作 的方式、地点或时间等等。 • 注2:一个句子里的动作,称之为谓语;句子动作的发出 者,称之为主语。
• (2)主语+谓语+宾语(及物动词) 及物动词:后面可以跟物体的动词。
(2)句子成分分析(判断句子是否写的
地道)
主语
状语
谓语 定语
宾语
宾语 补足语
主语 补足语
• To study English well is important.

主语
系表
• To study English well is important.

主语
系表
• Is important to study English well. (X)
• My friend, Tom, is reading.
总结
• 重要理论: • (1)句子唯一性原则(判断句子是否正确
的标准) • Study English well is important.(错误) • 原因:存在两个谓语动词,study和is,违
反句子的唯一性原则。 • To study English well is important.(正确)
• I like English. 主谓 宾
• English is my favorite subject.
• 主系

• Leaves turn yellow in autumn. • 主系表
• (4)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
• 我们看到三头猪。 • We saw three pigs. •主谓 宾 • 我们看到小猪在跳舞! • We saw the pigs •主谓 宾
• It is important to study English well.
• 注:it为形式主语
• (3)句子五种基本结构(熟记) • 等式:10+2=1,13+2=1,2+1=1,1+1=1 • 思考:1+1=1如何解释?
• 通过故事叙述: • (1)主语+谓语 • (2)主语+谓语+宾语 • (3)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 • (4)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 • (5)主语+系动词+表语
五、句子结构
(一)句子三大核心理论
• 1、句子唯一性原则 • 2、句子的五种基本结构 • 3、句子成分分析
1、句子唯一性原则
• 句子唯一性原则:一个简单句只允许存在 一套主谓关系。
• 当句子不满足上述原则时,进行以下处理: • (1)把其中一个谓语动词变成非谓语动词 • (2)把谓语动词进行某种关系化的处理
• I love you. 主谓 宾 • 注:动作的作用对象,称之为宾语。
• (3)主语+系动词+表语 • 常见的系动词有:be, become, turn, get, look, feel…
• You are my girl. • 主系 表
• You are my world. • 主系 表
《阿甘正传》
如何区别双宾语和复合宾语?
• I made John a cake. • I made John our chairman. • 方法:在宾语的后面加上be动词,若能构
成一个语义通顺的句子,则是补足语;即 “主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的结构 • John is a cake. (X) • John is our chairman. (√)
3、句子成分分析
• (1)定语
• “定”——定住
• 《丑女无敌》——“丑女”
•“丑“
• 《丑女无敌》
丑女—— 无敌
美女
美女、丑女大比拼
• (1)定语• 《丑女源自敌》——“丑女”• “女”为主体,“丑”是修饰和限定“女” 的。
• 定义:对主体词的一种修饰和限定,称之 为定语。
• 区分:定语是缩小范围和内容的;宾语补 足语是扩充、增加内容的。
(并列句) • (3)把其中一个句子变成另外一个句子的
辅助或从属句关系(主从复合句)
2、句子的五种基本结构
• (1)主语+谓语(不及物动词) • 问题:何为不及物动词? • 后面不可以再跟物体的动词,称之为不及物动词。
It rained. 主谓 It rained heavily. 主谓 状 The sun rises in the east.
• bring sb. sth. =bring sth. to sb.
• offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. • 常见的后面接for的双宾语动词有: buy, get,
make…
• buy sb. sth. =buy sth. for sb.
• get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. I made a cake for you.我为你做了个蛋糕。
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