课文12-14

the act of an army entering another country by force in order to take control of it or an act that affect sb 侵略，侵犯 侵略，
n. e.g. the German ~ of Poland in1939 an ~ of privacy 对隐私的侵犯 n. the
under siege surrounded by an
army or the police in a siege 被包围
lay siege to
building 包围，围攻 包围，
to surround a
to translate 翻译 render sth as sth/into
sth e.g. It’s concept that is difficult to render into English.
front
n. an area where fighting
前线
take place during a war
闪电战
Blitzkrieg means "lightning war". It originated in the United Kingdom, spread in France. Blitzkrieg was first used by the Germans in World War Two and it is a tactic based on speed and surprise . Hitler used it’s enormous power in World War Two and resulted in the British and French armies being pushed back in just a few weeks to the beaches of Dunkirk and the Russian army being devastated in the attack on Russia in June 1941.
catch sb. off guard
take sb by surprise 趁某人不备 e.g. His purpose is to catch us off guard . 文中 Caught off guard by invasion
被敌人的入侵打了个措手不及
verb. to burn and slightly damage sth 烧焦，烫坏 烧焦，
paragraph 12—14 _liu yuesi
seize to take sth in your hand抓住，把握； 抓住，把握； to take control of a place or situation , often suddenly and violently (常指通过暴力突然） 常指通过暴力突然） 常指通过暴力突然
fact of a large number of people or things arriving somewhere 涌入
e.g. the annual tourist ~ invade v. 入侵 invader n. 侵略者
一年一度的游客涌入
military land campaign 军事陆地战役
e.g. This material will scorch easily if it is too near the fire. I can not wash away the mark of the scorch
scorch the earth
“焦土”政策 焦土”
A scorched earth policy is a military strategy or operational method which involves destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy while advancing through or withdrawing from an area.
united front 统一战线
n. accident ; a person who is killed
or injured in war or in an accident 意
外事故；伤亡人员； 外事故；伤亡人员；急诊室
casualty loss 灾害损失 ; 意外损失 casualty ward 临时病室 casualty case 急救盒
夺取、攻占、控制 夺取、攻占、
文中Seize control of most Europe 文中 意为控制了欧洲大部分地区 此处control作名词来讲 此处 作名词来讲
To the east of Hitler’s German empire was the Soviet Union.
preposition of place(方位 方位
n. the particular method you use to
achieve sth
策略， 策略，战略
e.g. The new tactic was put into operation early in 1939 . My tactic with conservation of predators is to take people to where they live .
e.g. to render a service to sb
to present sth 提交
e.g. render a report on the housing situ，表演 表达，
e.g. He rendered a beautiful version of ‘Summertime’.
to near a place but not
border 与某地邻近但不接壤或隔
海相邻
n. an official written statement giving information ; an formal statement（纳税品等的）申报；宣布；公告；申诉书 纳税品等的）申报；宣布；公告； declaration of independence 独立宣言 declaration form 申报单 tax declaration 申报纳税，纳税申报 申报纳税，
to cause sb/sth to be in a particular state or condition 使成为
使某物无害/无用 无效 使某物无害 无用/无效 无用
e.g. to render sth harmless/useless/ineffective
to give sb sth 提供帮助
close in to move to near sb/sth , especially in order to attack them 包围；迫近 包围；
close up close down close on close off
n. a military operation in which an army tries to capture a town by surrounding it and stopping the supply of food 围攻 包 围攻,包 围城； 围,围城； 围城 e.g. By the time the siege ended, the citizens were nearly starving .
The invasion had three broad thrusts : against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine . 三大进攻目标
translation： 这次入侵包含三 ： 大目标： 大目标：向列宁格勒和莫斯科 进攻并横扫乌克兰。 进攻并横扫乌克兰。
介词)： 介词 ：
in/on/to
within an area在某范围 在某范围 表从属关系） 内（表从属关系） e.g. China lies in the east of Asia.
in
邻、接壤
on border a place与某地相
e.g. Mongolia is on the
North of China.