新概念英语语法：非谓语动词表
非谓语动词讲解(超全)
非谓语动词讲解(超全)非谓语动词是指动词的非限定形式，不可以独立作谓语。
它可以由动词原形、现在分词和过去分词构成，常见的形式有不定式、动名词和分词。
一、不定式：不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，常常在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
它的构成方式为"to + 动词原形"。
例句：1. To learn a foreign language is not easy.（作主语）2. She wants to go shopping.（作宾语）3. The best way to learn English well is to practice every day.（作表语）4. He has a lot of work to finish.（作定语）不定式也具有进行时态、完成时态和被动语态的形式：进行时态：to be + 动词的现在分词完成时态：to have + 动词的过去分词被动语态：to be + 动词过去分词例句：1. He seems to be sleeping.（不定式进行时态）2. You should have told me earlier.（不定式完成时态）3. The car needs to be repaired.（不定式被动语态）二、动名词：动名词是指动词的-ing形式，它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
在句中的位置和用法与名词相似。
例句：1. Reading is my favorite hobby.（作主语）2. I enjoy swimming in the summer.（作宾语）3. Her dream is becoming a famous singer.（作表语）4. The girl standing over there is my sister.（作定语）5. He went to the party without saying goodbye.（作状语）动名词与不定式的区别在于动名词具有进行时态和被动语态，而不定式没有。
非谓语动词用法总结
非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词作主语一.动词不定式作主语1.不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知的事或目的。
不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事，做是另外一回事。
)2. 不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。
①It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。
)②It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。
)③It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。
)二.动词ing不定式作主语1.动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
Watching news on TV has become a routine for me.(经常性、习惯性的动作)Talking is easier than doing.(状态）(1)动名词直接置于句首。
Talking is easier than doing.(2).Ving 形式作主语时常后置,用it作形式主语Playing video games is a waste of timeIt is a waste of time playing video games常见句式：It is no good/no use/ useless doing sth 做...没有用的It is a waste of time doing sth做...是浪费时间的(3).There be 结构中作主语：A. There is no+doing 表示不可能做某事There is no knowing the future ==we can’t know the future. 我们不可能知道未来发生什么B.There is no point doing 做某事没有意义There’s no point having wishes if you don’t at least try t o do them.拓展：动名词作主语时，单个V-ing 做主语，谓语动词用单数。
(新概念英语)高中英语 第二册 语法总结 非谓语动词之分词
新概念英语第二册语法总结：非谓语动词之分词1．分词的性质：具有形容词性质，可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语，现在分词表示主动，且动作在进行：过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。
2．分词的形式：例： write (vt) rise (vi)主动语态被动语态主动过去分词时态现在时 writing being written rising risen完成时 having written having been written having risen3．用法：（1）定语分词置于被修饰名词前分词短语于置于被修饰名词后a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleepinga running dog = a dog which is runninga broken glass = a glass which is brokena beaten team = a team which is beaten（beaten 是被打败的意思）This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.The problem being discussed is very important.（2）表语：The book is interesting.He is interested in the book.The news is exciting.He feels excited.（3）宾语补足语：When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.I'd like to have this package weighed.掌握精髓：动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程，而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动概念。
（4）状语：（以下例句值得一背！）① If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.③ While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.→ Aske d if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.你知道吗？注意：在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。
(新概念英语)高中英语 第二册 语法总结 非谓语动词之分词
新概念英语第二册语法总结：非谓语动词之分词1．分词的性质：具有形容词性质，可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语，现在分词表示主动，且动作在进行：过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。
2．分词的形式：例： write (vt) rise (vi)主动语态被动语态主动过去分词时态现在时 writing being written rising risen完成时 having written having been written having risen3．用法：（1）定语分词置于被修饰名词前分词短语于置于被修饰名词后a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleepinga running dog = a dog which is runninga broken glass = a glass which is brokena beaten team = a team which is beaten（beaten 是被打败的意思）This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.The problem being discussed is very important.（2）表语：The book is interesting.He is interested in the book.The news is exciting.He feels excited.（3）宾语补足语：When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.I'd like to have this package weighed.掌握精髓：动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程，而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动概念。
（4）状语：（以下例句值得一背！）① If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.③ While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.→ Aske d if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.你知道吗？注意：在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。
非谓语动词一览表
非谓语动词一览表动词不定式的基本用法：一. 语法功能: 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语(主语补足语)、状语以及插入语（独立成分)，唯独不可作谓语。
（主语）To scold her would not be just.（宾语）We are planning to build a Disney park here.（宾补）They hurriedly ended the meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.（表语）Our most urgent task is to make a careful analysis of the present situation.仔细分析当前的形势是我们最迫切的任务。
（定语）Do you have anything else to add? 还有什么要补充的吗（目的状语）Learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones. 惩前毖后。
（结果状语）He made a long speech only to show his ignorance of the subject.他大讲了一通，只暴露他对这门学科的无知。
（程度状语）I don’t know her to speak to.我认识她还不到能与她谈话的程度。
(原因状语) We shall be happy to co-operate with you in the work.(独立成分) To put it another way, do you like him?To be honest,I don’t know anything about it.I. 作主语：1. To say is easier than to do. =Saying is easier than doing.2. To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing.3. How to go there h asn’t been decided yet.4. Who to blame for the traffic accident is still a puzzle.5. Whether to go or stay is not known.6. It is important to study English well and go to college.7. It is our duty to give a hand to people in trouble.8. It takes me three hours to do house cleaning on Sundays.9. To master a foreign language is very important。
非谓语动词用法表解自己整理(终极)
表1：非谓语动词的时态和语态
概说：非谓语动词指动词的不用于作谓语的三种变化形式，即：不定式、V-ing形式（据其在句子中的作用又分为动名词和现在分词）、过去分词。
它们具有如下共同特征：无人称与数的变化；有时态和语态的变化、有主语（逻辑的）、可以带状语、及物动词或及物性短语动词变来的非谓语动词有其自身的宾语。
否定式都在前加not。
能作谓语以外的很多成分。
表2：非谓语动词的句法功能（1）
表3：非谓语动词的句法功能（2）
表4：非谓语动词的句法功能（3）。
《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹（含习题）：非谓语动词
《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹（含习题）：非谓语动词《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹十二、非谓语动词知识要点：一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能（一）概述：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。
1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.2）都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。
例如：He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）4）都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）We being League member, the work was well done.（现在分词的逻辑主语）2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(新概念英语)高中英语 第二册 语法总结 非谓语动词之分词
新概念英语第二册语法总结：非谓语动词之分词1．分词的性质：具有形容词性质，可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语，现在分词表示主动，且动作在进行：过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。
2．分词的形式：例： write (vt) rise (vi)主动语态被动语态主动过去分词时态现在时 writing being written rising risen完成时 having written having been written having risen3．用法：〔1〕定语分词置于被修饰名词前分词短语于置于被修饰名词后a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleepinga running dog = a dog which is runninga broken glass = a glass which is brokena beaten team = a team which is beaten〔beaten 是被打败的意思〕This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.The problem being discussed is very important.〔2〕表语：The book is interesting.He is interested in the book.The news is exciting.He feels excited.〔3〕宾语补足语：When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.I'd like to have this package weighed.掌握精髓：动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程，而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动概念。
〔4〕状语：〔以下例句值得一背！〕① If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.③ While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.→ Aske d if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.你知道吗？注意：在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。
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特征功能不定式动名词-ing分词-ed分词名词、形容词、副词（有时态、语态的变化）名词（有时态、语态变化）形容词、副词（有时态、语态变化）表主动关系、进行意义形容词、副词（只有一般式、被动语态）表被动关系、完成意义主语To learn English well is not easy.=It’s not easy to learn English well.(说话者的看法)1. Getting up early is a good habit.2. It’s no use crying.(说话者有过体会)X X表语His job is to feed animals.=To feed animals is his job.(主表可互换)Her hobby is fishing.=Fishing is her hobby.(主表可互换)（名词）The film is much more exciting. (形容词)（现在进行时中，v-ing表示动作/状态）He is very excited. (兴奋) （形容词）（被动语态）-ed分词可由much来修饰)He was much excited by her son’s success.宾语 1. I want to talk to you2. She found it hard to get to sleep 1. Do you enjoy watching TV?2. Stamps are used for sending letters. X X定语1. There is a lot of work (for us ) to do.2. He found a chair to sit on .1. They are in the reading-room.(说明用途)2. a sleeping car = a car (which is used) forsleeping1. The moving train is long.2. I know the man standing there. (说明正在进行)3. a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping1. Her job is to take care of the wounded soldier.2. The boy called Jim is from America.（说明被动关系或完成）状语1.He stopped to talk to me. (目的)2.He is too young to go to school.（结果）3.He’s angry to find his chair gone.（原因）4.To tell the truth, I don’t like the idea at all.（修饰全句）X1. Seeing her mother, the baby stopped crying. (时间)2. Being ill, I stayed at home. (原因)3. They stood there waiting for her. （方式/伴随）4. Generally speaking, it’s easier to drive a car than flya plane.（修饰全句）*逻辑主语必须是句子的主语1. Interested in English, he works hard at it. (原因)2. Seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful.(时间)3. Read every morning, English will be improvedquickly. (条件)4. Put frankly, we really want to go there.(修饰全句)*逻辑主语必须是句子的主语补足语1. He tells me to come here early. (宾补)2. I saw him (not) play football. (宾补)(表动作的全过程)3. He was heard to read English. (主补)4. I am told not to come here early. (主补)X1. I heard her singing in the next room. (宾补)2. I saw him playing football. (宾补)(表动作正在进行)3. She was heard singing in the next room.(主补)4. He was seen playing football. (主补)1. I found the boy lost. (宾补)（说明被动关系或完成）2. The box is seen stolen. (主补)否定形式not /never +（to ）do1. Please tell him not to be angry.2. He made the boy not cry any more.not/never + doingI’m sorry for not being able to come earlier.not/never + doingNot knowing what to do, I went to the teacher for help. X特殊结构连接代/副词+不定式1. What to do next is unknown. (主语)2. I don’t know where to go. (宾语)3.The question is when to start out. (表语)X X X复合结构for/of……+to do(for结构位置可变)1.It’s difficult for us to win the match.(主语)= For us, to win the match is difficult/for us.That’s for you to decide.(表语)It’s time for us to go to school. (定语)I meant for you to eat. (宾语)He stood a side for her to pass. (状语)2.It’s very kind of you to help me.(主语)名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+v-ingHis coming made us feel surprised. (主语)Would you mind my opening t he door? (宾语)如复合结构不在句首，可用名词普通格/人称代词宾格+v-ingI don’t mind XiaoYu (him) going.I don’t like young people (them) smoking.名词+v-ing分词(独立结构)Weather permitting, we’ll go for a walk. (条件)= If the weather permits, we’ll go for a walk.The day being fine, we decided to go shopping.(原因)= As the day was fine, we decided to go shopping.名词+v-ed分词(独立结构)The work done, they went shopping. (时间)= After the work was done, they went shopping.All our saving gone, we started looking for jobs.(原因)=Because all our saving was gone, we started lookingfor jobs.1. and 或or连接不定式时，后者省toHe wants to come and see his friends.1.The sinking of the Titanic has neverbeen forgotten.(前面可加冠词)1．主句的主语是不定式逻辑上的宾语This problem is hard to solve.特殊情况省略to的情况2.had better ,would rather ……than…..等后省略toHe would rather die than go.He could do nothing but cry.名不词带化宾的语动和名状词语2.We should give the room a goodcleaning.(前面有修饰定语)主不动式定表示式被动义The room is too small for us to live in.2.不定式与最近的词有动宾关系，但与另一词有主谓关系They found the text hard to understand.He has no one to take care of.3.使役动词（let、have 、make）/感观动词see、feel、hear等+宾语+宾补（不定式），省略to（help可带可省）He made the baby stop crying.3.Please take our greetings(问候) tothem. (可出现复数式)3. 不定式作定语，与被修饰词有动宾关系I have a lot of homework to do.There is no time to lose.4.Why/Why not后，不定式省略toWhy spend so much money?Why not do it right now?主被动动式义This TV set needs repairing.=This TV set needs to be repaired.4.下列句型中to let ,to blame, to seek等主动表被动The room is to let.(出租)The reason is not far to seek.（不难寻找）特征功能不定式动名词-ing分词-ed分词名词、形容词、副词（有时态、语态的变化）名词（有时态、语态变化）形容词、副词（有时态、语态变化）表主动关系、进行意义形容词、副词（只有一般式、被动语态）表被动关系、完成意义主语To learn English well is not easy.=It’s not easy to learn English well.(说话者的看法)1. Getting up early is a good habit.2. It’s no use crying.(说话者有过体会)X X表语His job is to feed animals.=To feed animals is his job.(主表可互换)Her hobby is fishing.=Fishing is her hobby.(主表可互换)（名词）The film is much more exciting. (形容词)（现在进行时中，v-ing表示动作/状态）He is very excited. (兴奋) （形容词）（被动语态）-ed分词可由much来修饰)He was much excited by her son’s success.宾语 1. I want to talk to you2. She found it hard to get to sleep 1. Do you enjoy watching TV?2. Stamps are used for sending letters. X X定语1. There is a lot of work (for us ) to do.2. He found a chair to sit on .1. They are in the reading-room.(说明用途)2. a sleeping car = a car (which is used) forsleeping1. The moving train is long.2. I know the man standing there. (说明正在进行)3. a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping1. Her job is to take care of the wounded soldier.2. The boy called Jim is from America.（说明被动关系或完成）状语1.He stopped to talk to me. (目的)2.He is too young to go to school.（结果）3.He’s angry to find his chair gone.（原因）4.To tell the truth, I don’t like the idea at all.（修饰全句）X1. Seeing her mother, the baby stopped crying. (时间)2. Being ill, I stayed at home. (原因)3. They stood there waiting for her. （方式/伴随）4. Generally speaking, it’s easier to drive a car than flya plane.（修饰全句）*逻辑主语必须是句子的主语1. Interested in English, he works hard at it. (原因)2. Seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful.(时间)3. Read every morning, English will be improvedquickly. (条件)4. Put frankly, we really want to go there.(修饰全句)*逻辑主语必须是句子的主语补足语1. He tells me to come here early. (宾补)2. I saw him (not) play football. (宾补)(表动作的全过程)3. He was heard to read English. (主补)4. I am told not to come here early. (主补)X1. I heard her singing in the next room. (宾补)2. I saw him playing football. (宾补)(表动作正在进行)3. She was heard singing in the next room.(主补)4. He was seen playing football. (主补)1. I found the boy lost. (宾补)（说明被动关系或完成）2. The box is seen stolen. (主补)否定形式not /never +（to ）do1. Please tell him not to be angry.2. He made the boy not cry any more.not/never + doingI’m sorry for not being able to come earlier.not/never + doingNot knowing what to do, I went to the teacher for help. X特殊连接代/副词+不定式结构1. What to do next is unknown. (主语)2. I don’t know where to go. (宾语)3.The question is when to start out. (表语)X X X复合结构for/of……+to do(for结构位置可变)1.It’s difficult for us to win the match.(主语)= For us, to win the match is difficult/for us.That’s for you to decide.(表语)It’s time for us to go to school. (定语)I meant for you to eat. (宾语)He stood a side for her to pass. (状语)2.It’s very kind of you to help me.(主语)名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+v-ingHis coming made us feel surprised. (主语)Would you mind my opening t he door? (宾语)如复合结构不在句首，可用名词普通格/人称代词宾格+v-ingI don’t mind XiaoYu (him) going.I don’t like young people (them) smoking.名词+v-ing分词(独立结构)Weather permitting, we’ll go for a walk. (条件)= If the weather permits, we’ll go for a walk.The day being fine, we decided to go shopping.(原因)= As the day was fine, we decided to go shopping.名词+v-ed分词(独立结构)The work done, they went shopping. (时间)= After the work was done, they went shopping.All our saving gone, we started looking for jobs.(原因)=Because all our saving was gone, we started lookingfor jobs.省略to的情况1. and 或or连接不定式时，后者省toHe wants to come and see his friends.名不词带化宾的语动和名状词语1.The sinking of the Titanic has neverbeen forgotten.(前面可加冠词)主不动式定表示式被动义2．主句的主语是不定式逻辑上的宾语This problem is hard to solve.The room is too small for us to live in.特殊情况2.had better ,would rather ……than…..等后省略toHe would rather die than go.He could do nothing but cry.2.We should give the room a goodcleaning.(前面有修饰定语)3.不定式与最近的词有动宾关系，但与另一词有主谓关系They found the text hard to understand.He has no one to take care of.3.使役动词（let、have 、make）/感观动词see、feel、hear等+宾语+宾补（不定式），省略to（help可带可省）He made the baby stop crying.3.Please take our greetings(问候) tothem. (可出现复数式)3. 不定式作定语，与被修饰词有动宾关系I have a lot of homework to do.There is no time to lose.4.Why/Why not后，不定式省略toWhy spend so much money?Why not do it right now?主被动动式义This TV set needs repairing.=This TV set needs to be repaired.5.下列句型中to let ,to blame, to seek等主动表被动The room is to let.(出租)The reason is not far to seek.（不难寻找）。