跨文化交际试卷
跨文化交际期末考试题【新】
跨文化交际期末考试题【新】第一部分：选择题（共20题，每题1分，共20分）1. 当出现语言障碍时，以下哪个是最好的应对策略？A. 用手势和肢体动作来表达自己的意思B. 大声说出自己的观点C. 重复使用相同的单词和短语来帮助理解D. 简化语言使用的复杂度，使用简单易懂的语言2. 对于跨文化交流来说，以下哪种观念是最关键的？A. 遵循自己国家的行为准则B. 尊重不同文化之间的差异C. 强制对方接受自己的文化D. 批判对方的文化习惯3. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种沟通方式是最常用的？A. 肢体语言B. 非语言信息C. 语言信息D. 交流方式4. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观点是最重要的？A. 接受自己的文化习惯B. 批判他人的文化习惯C. 理解他人的文化习惯D. 拒绝他人的文化习惯5. 在一个跨文化交际的场合中，以下哪个应该是最高的优先级？A. 活跃的参与B. 语言水平的熟练程度C. 适应当地的礼仪和行为准则D. 强调自己的文化背景6. 以下哪个是一个跨文化交际中最常见的问题？A. 礼貌和礼仪的不同B. 文化差异造成的文化霸权C. 认知差异的沟通问题D. 语言障碍7. 以下哪种服务最适合在跨文化交际中使用？A. 机器翻译服务B. 优先选择专业的口译和翻译服务C. 通过朋友或熟人的介绍寻找帮助D. 利用在线社交媒体解决问题8. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种事情应该避免？A. 尊重并遵循当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 试图改变或批判当地的文化习俗C. 沿用自己的文化行为准则D. 关注当地的文化和语言细节9. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种技巧是最有用的？A. 避免使用简单易懂的语言B. 直截了当地表达自己的观点C. 关注当地的非语言行为和信号D. 尝试使用当地的单词和短语10. 当尝试与跨文化背景的人交流时，以下哪种能力是最重要的？A. 语言能力B. 理解当地文化的背景C. 思考和行动的方式D. 批判思维11. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个语言问题最常见？A. 不同的拼写和拼音B. 不同的语法结构和单词含义C. 方言和口音D. 礼仪和交际方式12. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个观念是最必要的？A. 尊重当地的文化背景B. 认为自己的文化优越C. 轻视当地的命令和指示D. 批判当地文化的错误13. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个事情是至关重要的？A. 去熟悉当地的文化和语言背景B. 寻找机会批判当地的文化习惯C. 坚持自己的文化行为准则D. 放松身心，自然而然的融入当地环境14. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 尊重他人的文化背景B. 没有认真倾听对方的观点C. 关注当地的语言和文化细节D. 对对方的文化行为进行批评和评价15. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观念是最重要的？A. “我们的文化最好”B. “我们的文化最好，但我们也能接受其他文化”C. “所有文化都有其独特之处，值得尊重和理解”D. “其他文化与我们的文化无关”16. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 关注和遵守当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 尝试使用当地的语言和单词C. 尊重和理解当地的文化习俗D. 批判和否定当地的文化习俗17. 在一个跨文化交际的场合中，以下哪个应该是最高的优先级？A. 展示自己的文化背景B. 关注当地的语言和文化细节C. 认真倾听对方的观点D. 强调自己优越的文化背景18. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种事情应该被避免？A. 尊重所有人的文化背景B. 批判当地的文化行为C. 关注当地的非语言信号D. 使用当地的语言和单词19. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种技巧是最有用的？A. 尊重当地的文化背景B. 试图改变当地的文化行为准则C. 使用自己的语言和单词D. 关注当地的微妙而又微小的语言和非语言信号20. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 关注当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 忽略当地的迷信和传统信仰C. 尊重当地的宗教和文化背景D. 沿用自己的文化行为准则第二部分：简答题（共5道题，每题4分，共20分）1. 解释什么是文化差异，并列举至少三个文化差异的例子？2. 解释为什么认知差异在跨文化交际中是一个重要的问题，并提供至少三个示例说明不同的认知差异会如何影响跨文化交流?3. 解释什么是非语言沟通，并列举至少三个非语言沟通的例子？4. 解释为什么跨文化交际中的措辞和用词是非常重要的，并提供至少三个示例说明，不同的词语和措辞可能导致文化差异。
高中英语跨文化交际单选题50题
高中英语跨文化交际单选题50题1. In Japan, when you receive a gift, you should:A. open it immediately.B. open it later in private.C. not open it at all.D. give it back to the giver.答案：B。
在日本，收到礼物通常会在之后私下打开，而不是立即打开（A 选项错误），也不是完全不打开（C 选项错误），更不能把礼物还给送礼者 D 选项错误）。
2. In the United States, it is polite to:A. arrive late for a party.B. arrive exactly on time for a party.C. arrive a few minutes early for a party.D. arrive an hour late for a party.答案：C。
在美国，参加聚会提前几分钟到达是礼貌的，迟到（A、D 选项错误）或者完全准时到达（B 选项并非最佳选择）都不如提前几分钟好。
3. In France, when having a meal, you should:A. keep your elbows on the table.B. never put your elbows on the table.C. put only one elbow on the table.D. put your elbows on the table only when eating.答案：B。
在法国，用餐时不应该把胳膊肘放在桌子上。
A、C、D 选项都是错误的做法。
4. In China, when you meet an elder, you should:A. shake hands casually.B. bow deeply.C. nod slightly.D. greet with a hug.答案：B。
荆州学院《跨文化交际》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
荆州学院《跨文化交际》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷考试课程：跨文化交际考试时间：120分钟专业：国际商务总分：100分---一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是文化的要素之一？A. 语言B. 宗教C. 肤色D. 性别2. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个层次的文化差异是最难以觉察和理解的？A. 表面文化B. 非语言文化C. 核心文化D. 价值观文化3. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种策略是针对文化差异进行适应的策略？A. 避免策略B. 否认策略C. 融合策略D. 转移策略4. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪项不是有效沟通的重要因素？A. 语言水平B. 礼貌态度C. 文化敏感度D. 地位高低5. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个是文化差异的主要表现形式？A. 同化B. 异化C. 互动D. 观察6. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观念不符合文化相对主义？A. 文化多样性B. 文化普遍性C. 文化变异性D. 文化相对性7. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种能力不是有效沟通的关键能力？A. 语言能力B. 礼貌表达能力C. 自我中心能力D. 文化敏感能力8. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为不符合文化适应的原则？A. 尊重对方文化习惯B. 主动学习对方语言C. 保持自身文化不变D. 理解对方价值观9. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种沟通方式是非语言沟通的表现形式？A. 书面沟通B. 口头沟通C. 肢体语言D. 电话沟通10. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种心态有助于有效沟通？A. 自我中心B. 开放心态C. 歧视心态D. 偏见心态---二、判断题（每题2分，共20分）11. 文化是一种稳定不变的社会现象。
（）12. 表面文化是指文化的核心价值观和信仰。
（）13. 跨文化交际中，语言是文化传播的最重要工具之一。
（）14. 文化相对主义认为所有文化都是平等的。
（）15. 在跨文化交际中，适应性是唯一的有效策略。
（）16. 跨文化交际中，尊重对方文化是沟通的基本前提。
高中英语跨文化交际单选题50题
高中英语跨文化交际单选题50题1. In Japan, which of the following is considered a traditional staple food?A. PizzaB. SushiC. HamburgerD. Pasta答案：B。
本题主要考查日本的传统主食。
选项A“Pizza”是意大利的特色食品；选项C“Hamburger”是美国常见的快餐食品；选项D“Pasta”是意大利面，是意大利的特色。
而选项B“Sushi”是日本的传统美食，通常由米饭和生鱼片组成。
2. When it comes to French cuisine, which dish is famous worldwide?A. Fried ChickenB. SteakC. CroissantD. Noodles答案：B。
本题考查法国著名的美食。
选项A“Fried Chicken”是炸鸡，常见于美式快餐；选项C“Croissant”是牛角面包，是法国的特色面包，但不如牛排著名；选项D“Noodles”面条，不是法国的典型美食。
而选项B“Steak”牛排是法国美食中享誉世界的菜品。
3. Which of the following is a typical dessert in the UK?A. TiramisuB. CheesecakeC. Apple PieD. Mousse答案：C。
本题聚焦于英国的典型甜点。
选项A“Tiramisu”提拉米苏是意大利的甜点；选项B“Cheesecake”芝士蛋糕并非英国特有的；选项D“Mousse”慕斯在多个国家都有。
而选项C“Apple Pie”苹果派是英国常见的传统甜点。
4. In Italy, people often enjoy ______ for dinner.A. Peking Roast DuckB. SpaghettiC. CurryD. Dumplings答案：B。
《跨文化交际》题集
《跨文化交际》题集一、选择题（每题10分，共100分）1.跨文化交际主要研究的是：A. 不同国家之间的政治关系B. 不同文化背景的人们之间的交流与互动C. 国际经济的合作与发展D. 全球气候变化的影响2.在跨文化交际中，哪种行为可能被视为不尊重他人？A. 直视对方的眼睛以示真诚B. 在交谈中频繁点头表示赞同C. 在未经允许的情况下触摸他人的头部D. 礼貌地询问对方的个人生活3.“高语境文化”与“低语境文化”的区别在于：A. 沟通中直接信息的多少B. 人们使用语言的频率C. 社会习俗的复杂性D. 对时间的重视程度4.下列哪项不属于非言语交际的形式？A. 肢体语言B. 面部表情C. 语音语调D. 书面文字5.在一些文化中，沉默可能被视为：A. 同意的标志B. 思考的表示C. 不尊重的行为D. 沟通的一种方式6.“文化休克”通常发生在：A. 一个人长时间处于自己的文化中B. 一个人初次接触并适应新的文化环境时C. 一个人对某种文化有深入了解之后D. 一个人在不同文化之间频繁切换时7.下列哪项是跨文化交际中常见的挑战？A. 语言障碍B. 价值观差异C. 沟通风格的不同D. 以上都是8.在一些文化中，时间被视为一种：A. 可以随意支配的资源B. 必须严格遵守的规则C. 可以用来建立社会关系的工具D. 以上都有可能是，取决于具体的文化9.“面子”在跨文化交际中是一个重要的概念，它通常指的是：A. 一个人的社会地位B. 一个人的自尊心和荣誉感C. 一个人在外貌上的吸引力D. 一个人在经济上的实力10.下列哪项不是促进跨文化交际有效性的策略？A. 增强文化意识B. 发展跨文化沟通技巧C. 避免与不同文化背景的人交往D. 尊重并适应不同的文化习俗二、填空题（每题10分，共50分）1.在跨文化交际中，__________是指由于文化差异而导致的沟通障碍或误解。
2.__________文化强调直接、明确的沟通方式，而__________文化则更注重含蓄和间接的表达。
《跨文化交际》试题(附答案)
《跨文化交际》试题（附答案）Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it!Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.Question 2Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job.Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment.Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game.Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.Question 3Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical pianoconcert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talking and at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers during the playing of a particular musical item. This happened several times during the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stage singing some songs that he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the end of the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded them. The audience began to leave while the pianist remained on the stage.Paper 2 VocabularyChoose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spaces provided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on a different .5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it was decided he would .6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still some that needed explanation.7. There are many different used when talking about people's relationships in China.8. "Mike! Meet Jane, the ."9. "Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know."10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face or hurting other people by telling .11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture, especially the system of which all members of the group are expected to join in.12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she received the news that her husband had left her for another woman.13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations. Paper 3 TranslationTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please write your translation on the answer sheet.What do we mean by "Intercultural Communications" or "IC"? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or going overseas. IC is actually an academic and applied discipline that has developed internationally since the 1950s. Sometimes called "cross-cultural communications" or "comparative culture" , scholars most often use the prefix "inter" with the word "cultural" to describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is represented by culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle systems of other countries. On another level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek to understand the relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese English teachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How to teach English in ways that help students also learn the basic communication practices of Britain, the US or other English speaking countries.But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary application of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, applied linguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attempt to understand all aspects of human cultures and how they interact with each other.To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to understand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirty odd years, scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparing cultures and some practical dimensions for considering the similarity and differences between them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Another level of comparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving much attention is Nonverbal Communication. Paper 4 ReadingPassage 1 Questions 15-20In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world as one in which men are dominant and women play a secondary role. Takethe word 'chairman' for example. While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in 'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compound of 'chair' and 'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than they perceive cupboard to be a composite of ' cup' and ' board'. In addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/ rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now possible to ask questions such as; 'Who is chair of the committee?' Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as 'postman', 'fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutral terms such as 'postal worker', fire-fighter' and 'police officer’. There is, however, continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go. Should changes be considered for traditional idioms as 'man in the street' and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What about those words where the male meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant, such as 'manhandle'?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that 'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But 'Has the postman been?' would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here 'postma n’ remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English! Answer the following questions according to the above text:15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can't make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word 'chairman'?18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' is given?19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph?Passage 2 Questions 21-27Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients using a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid the conflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companies being courted by their investment bankers."We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity," said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab's executive vice president for investment advice and products. " While the development of the methodology is human, the analysis is being performed systematically and automatically.Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company to use a computer-driven rating system, several others, including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks in a similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individual stocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over time has not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether computers do it better than people. What is clear, though, is that the major computerized systems hand out fewer positive stock ratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out very generously.People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional Wall Street analysis as having institutional conflicts of interest, as well as individual bias. "I am very suspicious about opinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individual stock selection," said Samuel Eisenstadt, Value Line's research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on the selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their developers believe have the greatest ability to predict share prices. Most models compare a company9s historical earnings growth with that of other companies. And many track the extent to which earnings have surprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems as marketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on how a group of stocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, as do stock analysts on Wall Street, that superior research, by humans, and analysis can select a group of stocks that will outperform the market averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwab system or new models, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-ScouterMark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG) according to the information provided in the text.Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided for questions.21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better than humans.25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of 'Value Line'.27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices.答案及评分标准Paper 1: Communication Analysis●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 2: Vocabulary●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.4. vocation5. foot the bill6. grey areas7. kin terms8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live10. white lies 11. buying a round12. below the belt 13. communityPaper 3: Translation14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。
跨文化交际试题及答案
跨文化交际试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共40分）1. 跨文化交际的定义是指：A. 不同国家和地区间的交际活动B. 不同民族和文化背景间的交际活动C. 同一文化内部的交际活动D. 不同语言之间的交际活动答案：B2. 文化差异会对跨文化交际产生以下哪种影响？A. 理解困难B. 语言障碍C. 价值观冲突D. 人际关系紧张答案：A、C3. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为被认为是失礼的？A. 目光接触B. 握手问候C. 低头鞠躬D. 打招呼时用双手表示敬意答案：C4. 在中国文化中，以下哪种颜色象征喜庆和幸福？A. 黑色B. 红色C. 绿色D. 白色答案：B5. 在进行跨文化交际时，以下哪种策略是最有效的？A. 强调自己的文化优势B. 忽视文化差异C. 遵守对方的文化规范D. 强迫对方接受自己的文化观念答案：C二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 请简要阐述跨文化交际的重要性以及其中存在的挑战。
答案：跨文化交际的重要性在于增进各国间的相互了解和友谊，推动跨国合作和发展。
然而，跨文化交际也面临着重重挑战，如语言沟通障碍、文化差异带来的不解和冲突，以及对他人观点和习俗的理解困难等。
2. 在国际商务谈判中，如何合理利用非语言交际手段？答案：在国际商务谈判中，非语言交际手段可以帮助加强沟通效果。
可以通过身体语言表达自信和诚意，比如坐姿、目光接触和手势运用等；可以通过服饰和礼仪来展示对对方文化的尊重；还可以通过图表和演示文稿等视觉媒介来辅助表达和说明。
3. 请简要解释文化冲突是如何产生的，并提出解决文化冲突的建议。
答案：文化冲突是由于不同文化之间的差异而产生的，当个体或群体面对不熟悉的文化规范和价值观时，可能会感到困惑和不满。
为解决文化冲突，建议应采取以下措施：学习和了解对方文化，加强跨文化交际能力；尊重差异，避免对他人价值观的评判和偏见；建立良好的沟通渠道，积极解释自己的观点并倾听对方的意见；寻求共同利益和双赢的解决方案。
跨文化交际考试试卷
跨文化交际考试试卷Section I Listening Test [20 points]Part 1. Questions 1- 5 are based on this part. (10 points)You are going to listen to a panel discussion between two people on animal behavior. Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D for each question. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Madam Chair states that chimpanzee's altruism .A. is similar to that of beesB. may contain an element of self-interestC. is part of a group feeding systemD. is not a mutual-aid system2. Worker bees work hard looking for food for 2 or 3 weeks, .A. and then die, leaving no offspringB. and then feed their offspringC. but die before feeding their offspringD. and then produce their offspring3. Chimpanzees who don't do their share of grooming are by the group.A. criticizedB. acceptedC. exchangedD. rejected4. Male lions will cooperate in groups comprising .A. brothersB. brothers and sistersC. brothers and sisters and daughtersD. brothers and sisters and daughters and aunts5. Which of the following animals are being discussed in the conversation?A. bees, dogs, and lionsB. bees, chimpanzees, and fishC. bees, chimpanzees, and lions.D. chimpanzees , lions, and dogsPart 2. Questions 6-15 are based on this part. (10 points)You are going to listen to part of a lecture. As you listen, fill in the blanks with words from the lecture to complete the sentences that summarize the main points of the lecture. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Note: Each blank requires only ONE word.People communicate with one another all the time. Culture is regarded at the 6 of communication challenges and it influences how people 7 problems and participate in groups and in 8 .One definition of culture given in the lecture is that "Culture refers to a group with which we share common experiences that 9 how we understand the world."In the complex world, culture is one of the factors that act upon people. Anthropologists Keven Avruch and Peter Black explained that "culture provides the lens through which we view the world; the 10 by which we order it; the _11 by which the world makes sense."Since people coming from different cultural groups need to work together, cultural values sometimes 12 and misunderstanding arises.The speaker mentioned six patterns of cultural differences which include: different communication styles, attitudes toward conflict, approaches to 13 tasks, decision making styles, attitudes toward 14 , and approaches to knowing.When talking about communication style, the speaker introduced two aspects: verbal and non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, 15 , seating arrangements, personal distance, and sense of time.This is the end of the Listening Test.Section II Communicative Competence [30 points]Questions 16-30: Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.16. Which of the following statements is TRUE of c ollectivism?A. Collectivist cultures are described as "I" cultures.B. Members of collectivist cultures value open discussion of disagreement.C. Uniformity and conformity are stressed in collectivist cultures.D. Collectivists tend to draw attention to themselves and express unique opinions.17. Just now I suddenly realized that I was totally to blame. I'll just have to face the music. The underlined part here means .A. to go to a concert and forget anything else by enjoying the musicB. to relax oneself by listening to the music aloneC. to accept responsibility for a mistakeD. to go to see the person who is in charge and ask what has gone wrong18. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Individualism can be traced to the philosophy of liberalism.B. The basic social unit in collectivist cultures is the autonomous self.C. Eastern collectivism is tied to Confucianism.D. Culture shock may occur at the individualist-collectivist divide, but the gap can be bridged.19. Bob is great! He always plays the game. The underlined part has the same meaning as.A. takes something as a game without caring too muchB. plays various gamesC. helps others when playing gamesD. behaves in a fair and honorable way20. Which of the following first names is shortened as "Bob"?A. RobertB. WilliamC. AlexanderD. Peter21. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the roots of English n ames?A. "Forester" came from personal characteristics.B. "Young" came from occupations.C. "O'Patrick" came from family relationships.D. "Butler" came from places.22. If you received an English invitation to a formal western banquet but could not attend it, what would be an appropriate action?A. Ask a friend to attend the banquet for you.B. Ask a colleague to phone a refusal.C. Accept the invitation but then not attend.D. Write a reply informing the host/hostess that you could not attend the banquet.23. Your American colleague has just had her hair dyed green. She is expecting your comment. What would you say appropriately?A. "Your hair is as green as tree leaves."B. "It looks good."C. "It's too green. I don't like the color."D. "It looks much better."24. Your classmate from Britain would like to borrow your computer this weekend. Unfortunately, you need to use it at the same time. How would you refuse the request p olitely?A. "Well, why don't you borrow one from someone else?"B. "Sorry, I cannot lend it to you."C. "Yes, but you need to give it back to me as soon as possible."D. "I'd love to, but I'm afraid I've got a lot of things to type up as well."25. Trying to explain rock music to your grandfather is just like dui niu tan qin ( 对牛弹琴)-playing violin to a bull. The corresponding English expression is .A. casting pearls before swineB. casting diamonds to a dogC. throwing pearls to a pigD. throwing diamonds to a goat26. Which of the following statements is TRUE of non-verbal c ommunication?A. Non-verbal communication serves a variety of purposes.B. Non-verbal communication is less important than verbal communication.C. Since non-verbal communication is hard to interpret, it is important to reduce it to the minimum in cross-cultural communication.D. Non-verbal communication is not effective without verbal communication.27. The idiom "by the skin of one's teeth" means .A. very thinB. hard and flexibleC. only justD. one's sense of right and wrong28. What does the ring gesture (you form an "O" by holding the tip of your forefinger to the tip of your thumb) mean in Britain?A. Something is expensive.B. Something is good.C. Something is worthless.D. I will kill you.29. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Proxemics is the study governing how closely one person stands to another.B. All cultures draw lines between appropriate and inappropriate social distance for different relationships.C. Social distance has a wider range than public distance.D. The appropriateness of physical contact varies between cultures.30. If someone is said to be "economical with the truth", he/sheA. has saved a lot of moneyB. does not tell the whole truthC. uses very few wordsD. has recently diedSection III Reading Comprehension [30 points]Part 1. Questions 31- 35 are based on Passage 1. (10 points)Passage 1A handshake will be an acceptable greeting around the world. However, the strength, length, and duration of a handshake will vary by culture. Of course, Japanese will still bow to each other and it is advisable for foreign visitors to bow slightly when shaking hands. Mexicans who know each other will hug and East Europeans may kiss. In many European countries it is common to shake hands with everyone in the room before and after each business meeting.Business card exchanges are an important part of any international business meeting. Variations include where to keep your cards, which languages the card should be in, and what to do with the business card once you have received it. One rule to follow: Always bring five times more cards than you think you will need. To explore the nuances of business card exchange, we will examine the exchange as carried out by an American in Japan.First, the cards should be in English on one side and Japanese on the other. The Japanese side should have a logo or other marker. It is important that the company and title be prominently positioned. The cards should be kept in a card holder in the vest or jacket. Never keep the cards in a wallet or a pocketbook. The presentation of the card is done at the beginning of the meeting. Cards are presented with the giver's name (Japanese side) facing the recipient. The card can be delivered by one or preferably two hands accompanied by a slight bow. On receipt of a card, it should be studied carefully to determine the status of the person. Since meetings usually involve more than one person, each card received should be placed on the table, like an open deck of cards, in front of the recipient so that the executive can tell who he or she is speaking with. The recipient should avoid shuffling the cards, placing them in one's wallet, or writing on them in the presence of the giver. The business card is the symbolic embodiment of the organization; therefore it should be treated with the utmost respect.As a general rule, use people's titles on international business assignments. Learn the appropriate titles for each country. People with Ph.D.s should always be referred to as 'Doctor'. In many countries, people will be referred to by their titles only. For example, "Chief Engineer, can you tell us how this operation works?" The use of first names in business also varies by country and age. Be alert to these differences.Questions 31-35: Decide whether the following statements are true, false, or not mentioned according to the passage. Write T for "true", F for "false", and NM for "not mentioned" on the Answer Sheet.31. Generally speaking, in Europe you should shake hands with everybody at the beginning and the end of a meeting.32. You should always take at least five more business cards than you expect to need on your business trips.33. In Japan, the person's status should be clearly given on the card.34. It is acceptable for an American to note something down on a Japanese business card to remind him of the person who gave it to him.35. The Japanese business card is more than just a reminder of who the person is. It also represents the company he works for.Part 2. Questions 36-40 are based on Passage 2. (10 points)Passage 2In an effort to get over culture shock, there is value in knowing something about the nature of culture and its relationship to the individual. In addition to living in a physical environment, an individual lives in a cultural environment consisting of manmade physical objects, social institutions, ideas and beliefs.An individual is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it. There is nothing in a newborn child which dictates that it should eventually speak Portuguese, English, or French, nor that it should eat with a fork in its left hand rather than in the right, or use chopsticks. All these things the child has to learn. Nor are the parents responsible for the culture which they transmit to their young. The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up over time largely through processes which are, as far as the individual is concerned, beyond his/her awareness. It is by means of culture that the young learn to adapt themselves to the physical environment and to the people with whom they associate.As we know, children and adolescents often experience difficulties in this process of learning and adjustment. But once learned, culture becomes a way of life, the sure, familiar, largely automatic way of getting what you want from your environment and as such it also becomes a value.People have a way of accepting their culture as both the best and the only way of doing things. This is perfectly normal and understandable. To this attitude we give the name ethnocentrism, a belief that not only the culture but the race and nation form the center of the world.Individuals identify themselves with their own group and its ways to the extent that any critical comment is taken as an affront to the individual as well as to the group. If you criticize my country, you are criticizing me. If you criticize me, you are criticizing my country.Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics. For instance, if an American does something odd or antisocial in a foreign country which back home would be considered a purely individual act, it is now considered a national trait. Instead of being censured as an individual, his country is censured. It is best to recognize that ethnocentrism is a characteristic of national groups. If a person criticizes some aspect of one's own culture, one should listen but not enter into criticisms.Questions 36-40: Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.36. According to the passage, which of the following choices is NOT mentioned as an element in acultural environment?A. social institutionsB. beliefsC. historyD. physical objects37. What is the writer's stand about culture?A. Parents are responsible for transmitting culture to their children.B. Children are born with culture.C. Culture needs to be taught to young people.D. Culture builds up over time and guides young people to adjust to environment.38. According to the passage, what is NOT suggested by the writer as a symptom of ethnocentrism?A. Regarding cultures containing similar values as the best cultures.B. Regarding home culture is superior to other cultures.C. Identifying oneself with the group one comes from.D. Assuming other cultures do things likewise.39. What is the writer's attitude towards ethnocentrism in the article?A. positiveB. negativeC. neutralD. indifferent40. What does the word "censure" mean in the article?A. praiseB. criticizeC. evaluateD. judgePart 3. Questions 41- 45 are based on Passage 3. (10 points)Passage 3The Chinese make a clear distinction between insiders and outsiders, and this distinction exists on all levels of interpersonal interaction. Insiders consist of people from two categories: automatic and selected. Automatic insiders include one's parents, siblings, relatives, colleagues, and classmates, whereas selected ones are special relations that one has developed over time at work or elsewhere. For example, a person is considered an insider at work after he or she has developed a special relationship by helping others and sharing information with others. The five common criteria of an insider are nice, trustworthy, caring, helpful, and empathetic.The distinction between an insider and an outsider provides specific rules of interaction in Chinese interpersonal relationships. Insiders often are treated differently from outsiders, and a person with insider status often enjoys privileges and special treatment beyond an outsider's comprehension. To illustrate, a Chinese person may go beyond his or her means to help an insider, but an outsider has to follow the rules. The insider-outsider distinction also involves moral implications. In the Chinese culture, moral judgments are not only cognitively but affectively based. Moral stands tend to vary from one relationship to another.Family-centered "insider" relationships have two important implications for relationshipdevelopment with strangers. First, as King and Bond argue, the importance of family and the sense of dependency built up in the Chinese family system make it difficult to develop personal relationships with strangers. In the Chinese culture, the transformation from a wai ren (outsider) to a zi ji ren (insider) involves an arduous and time-consuming process, because personal relationships often take a long time to develop. After relationships have been established, however, they tend to stay very solid. As a result, in order to overcome the inherent difficulty in relationship development, intermediaries are widely used for social relationship construction. Second, the Chinese and other collectivistic cultures tend to be particularistic in their utilization of value standards toward in-groups and out-groups. This particularistic principle of interpersonal relationships hinders interactions with outsiders because value standards applied to in-groups may not be readily adapted to out-groups, and most Chinese don't feel knowledgeable about dealing with outsiders.Questions 41-45: Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.41. According to the author, what are the five common criteria of an insider?42. How do automatic insiders differ from selected ones?43. What example does the author give to show that insiders are treated differently from outsiders?44. According to the author, what makes it difficult for a Chinese person to develop a personal relationship with a stranger?45. What might be an appropriate title for this passage?Section IV Communication Analysis [20 points]The following are two cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding. Your analysis should be about 100 words for each case. You may organize your analysis in accordance with the following procedure: why did the people involved behave so from the cultural perspective? What behaviors caused the misunderstanding in the case? What corrective behaviors do you suggest to each party in the case?Note: Your writing ability will be assessed.Case 1 (10 points)Li Hong is a new teacher in a middle school. One day, one of her Chinese colleague Yang Zhen introduces her to their middle-aged foreign teacher Maggy.Yang: Li Hong, this is Maggy, our English teacher from America. And Maggy, this is Li Hong, our new colleague.Li and Maggy: How do you do?Maggy: Your sweater is so smart.Li: Oh, it is only an old one, I bought it last year.Maggy: You are so young and smart, I am sure you are a good teacher.Li: No, no. I am just a newcomer, I should learn from you old teachers.Maggy looks surprised and thinks, "I am really so old?"Question 46: Why did Li and Maggy behave so from the cultural perspective? What behaviors caused the misunderstanding in the case? What corrective behaviors do you suggest to Li and Maggy to avoid miscommunication?。
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第
C. determined, reflects
D. shaped, influences
United States continues to welcome a large number of immigrants each year and has referred to as a melting-pot society. This trend can reflect the theory of .
A. macroculture
B. microculture
C. globalization
D. modernization
Ⅱ. True or False (10 Points in all, 1 points for each)
( )11. Values refer to rules for appropriate behaviors, which provide the expectations people have of one anther and of others.
( )12. The similarity of the original culture to the new host culture is one of the
most important factors in successful acculturation.
( )13. The symbols human beings use are objective.
( )14. Four values fundamental to western ethics are autonomy, responsibility,
care, justice.
( )15. Different from the belief “subjugation to nature”, western people believ e
they are the masters of the nature.
( )16. The United States can clearly be seen as collectivism.
( )17. Although stereotypes are considered as being negative judgments, they
can also be positive.
( )18. In the Russian states, the “bear hug” may follow a strong, firm handshae
between good male friends.
( ) 19. All words can find the counterparts in another language.
( )20. People in the United States like the body ’s natural smell so they seldom
wear fragrance.
Ⅲ. Please explain the denotational and connotational
meanings of the following words from the Western and Eastern perspectives. (20 points in all, 10 points for each.)
22..intellectual
Ⅳ.Please answer the following questions (30 points in all, 15 points for each)
23. Please explain the model of Intercultural Communication.
24. Please explain how to interpret humor from other cultures.
Why Was His Answer Not Related to the Question
An American manager of human resource in Philips lightening company talked with a Chinese employee with great potential. The American manager wanted to know the development design and the position the employee wants to get in the company. But the Chinese employee did not answer the question directly; instead he only talked about the company’s future direction, promotion system and his current position. He talked for a long time, but did not give a definite and direct answer. The manager was puzzled and annoyed, because the same situation has occurred several times, Later, the manager complained to another human resourc e manager, Mr. Jia, “I only wanted to know the employee’s working plan in the ne xt 5 years and the position he wants to get in the company, but why I cannot get a
clear answer” .The Chinese employee also complained to Mr. Jia., “Why are Americans so aggressive” As the human resource manager in a multinational company, Mr. Jia knows that a different manner in communication brings about misunderstandings. So he did best to explain to the two sides, but it is not easy to
reduce the obstacle between them.
Why did the Chinese employee not give a clear and definite answer
What stereotype did the Chinese employee from towards American
How can Mr. Jia effectively solve the awkward situation。