王晓农翻译理论与实践2LectureThirteen共31页
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王晓农翻译理论与实践2 Lecture Seven
G.中国将向海啸受灾国增加5亿元援助。 China to give 5 00m. yuan more to the Indian Ocean tsunami-hit countries. (Logical S-P; N + V2)
H.暴雨成灾, 排水不畅, 立交桥下积水达一米。
Flood one meter deep under the overpass caused by torrents of rain and not well working drainage system. (Logical S-P; N + Ad)
NP vs Logical S-P structure (i.e. nominative absolute construction)
Nominative absolute construction (NAC) can serve as the subject or object, besides the more common adverbial in a sentence
Notice the structure underlying the English versions A. 中国社会科学院鸟瞰图。 A bird’s eye view of Social Sciences and Humanities Academy of China. (NP) 退休工人们退而不休，参加丰富多彩的文化活动。 Retired workers’ manifold culture delights. (NP)
2. Structure of noun phrase
Noun Phrase
Determ. modi. pre-modi. Head
Nouns Pronouns
翻译理论与实践2
I love my love with an E, because she's enticing; I hate her with an E, because she's engaged; I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement; her name's Emily, and she lives in the east.
春读书 秋读书 春秋读书读春秋 东当铺 西当铺 东西当铺当东西
水有虫则浊，水有鱼则渔，水水水，江河湖淼淼。
木之下为本，木之上为末，木木木，松柏樟森森。
大地回春
万 紫 千 红 江 山 骄 风 和 日 丽 春 光 好
Spring Has Come Round
All the brilliant flowers make the landscape most beautiful. The warm sun and the gentle breeze make a spring wonderful.
1、定语的位置
（2）短语作定语 a building project of high-rise apartment houses （后臵） 一个多层公寓大楼的建筑项目（前臵） a candidate with little chance of success （后臵） 一个当选希望极其微妙的候选人 （前臵）
4. Equivalents Interwoven with One Another
e.g. say, speak, talk, tell 说， 讲，谈，诉
5.Words Without Equivalents
春读书 秋读书 春秋读书读春秋 东当铺 西当铺 东西当铺当东西
水有虫则浊，水有鱼则渔，水水水，江河湖淼淼。
木之下为本，木之上为末，木木木，松柏樟森森。
大地回春
万 紫 千 红 江 山 骄 风 和 日 丽 春 光 好
Spring Has Come Round
All the brilliant flowers make the landscape most beautiful. The warm sun and the gentle breeze make a spring wonderful.
1、定语的位置
（2）短语作定语 a building project of high-rise apartment houses （后臵） 一个多层公寓大楼的建筑项目（前臵） a candidate with little chance of success （后臵） 一个当选希望极其微妙的候选人 （前臵）
4. Equivalents Interwoven with One Another
e.g. say, speak, talk, tell 说， 讲，谈，诉
5.Words Without Equivalents
翻译理论与实践2(1)
翻译理论与实践2 翻译理论与实践2 Theory and Practice of Translation 济学院外语系 张永中
Course Description
• This course is designed to expose students to a wide range of cultural similarities and dissimilarities between English and Chinese in interlingual translation and to acquaint them with the translation theories and techniques applicable to handling cultural barriers in translation.
• His brother…is known to be no better than himself in inclination… In the old phrase it is six of one and half a dozen of the other… • 人们都知道他的兄弟的品行并不比他 用句老话说， 好……用句老话说，也就是半斤八两 用句老话说 也就是半斤八两…… • Jurgis was a young giant, broad of back, full of vigor, a working man in a thousand. • 尤格斯，身材魁伟，肩宽背阔，年轻力壮， 尤格斯，身材魁伟，肩宽背阔，年轻力壮， 干起活来，真是百里挑一的能人。 干起活来，真是百里挑一的能人。
The Number 7 is often employed to standadize people’s moral and behavior , or to group some historical spots of interest, social bodies religious rites, etc. The Seven Virtues Faith (信任) Hope (希望) Charity (仁慈) Justice (公正) Fortitude ( 毅力) Prudence ( 谨慎) Temperance (节制)
Course Description
• This course is designed to expose students to a wide range of cultural similarities and dissimilarities between English and Chinese in interlingual translation and to acquaint them with the translation theories and techniques applicable to handling cultural barriers in translation.
• His brother…is known to be no better than himself in inclination… In the old phrase it is six of one and half a dozen of the other… • 人们都知道他的兄弟的品行并不比他 用句老话说， 好……用句老话说，也就是半斤八两 用句老话说 也就是半斤八两…… • Jurgis was a young giant, broad of back, full of vigor, a working man in a thousand. • 尤格斯，身材魁伟，肩宽背阔，年轻力壮， 尤格斯，身材魁伟，肩宽背阔，年轻力壮， 干起活来，真是百里挑一的能人。 干起活来，真是百里挑一的能人。
The Number 7 is often employed to standadize people’s moral and behavior , or to group some historical spots of interest, social bodies religious rites, etc. The Seven Virtues Faith (信任) Hope (希望) Charity (仁慈) Justice (公正) Fortitude ( 毅力) Prudence ( 谨慎) Temperance (节制)
《翻译理论与实践》第二版
(所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近 而又自然的对等语再现源语的信息， 首先在语义上，其次在文体上。）
翻译的定义
翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语 言表达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播 文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译 语文翻译（intralingual translation)、语际翻译(interlingual translation) 和符际翻译（intersemiotic translation） 按活动方式分：口译（interpretation)、笔译 （translation) 和机器翻译（machine translation) 按翻译材料的文体分：应用文体、科技文体、论 述文体、新闻文体和艺术文体 按处理方式分：全译、节译、摘译、编译和译述
1919-1949
鲁迅 “宁信而不顺” 《毁灭》《死魂灵》 瞿秋白、茅盾、郭沫若、 朱生豪等
From the founding of P.R.C to the present
中国译协 翻译学科建设 翻译行业
翻译的定义
To turn from one language into another(The Oxford English Dictionary) To turn into one’s own or another language(Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language) “把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字 表达出来”（《辞海》）
翻译的标准
所谓翻译标准，亦曰翻译原则，即指导翻 译实践、评价译文质量的尺度。翻译标准 的确立，对于建立科学的翻译理论体系具 有重要意义。
翻译的标准
（ 1 ） A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. （2）The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. （3）A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. (A. F. Tytler: Essay on the Principles of Translation, 1791)
翻译的定义
翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语 言表达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播 文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译 语文翻译（intralingual translation)、语际翻译(interlingual translation) 和符际翻译（intersemiotic translation） 按活动方式分：口译（interpretation)、笔译 （translation) 和机器翻译（machine translation) 按翻译材料的文体分：应用文体、科技文体、论 述文体、新闻文体和艺术文体 按处理方式分：全译、节译、摘译、编译和译述
1919-1949
鲁迅 “宁信而不顺” 《毁灭》《死魂灵》 瞿秋白、茅盾、郭沫若、 朱生豪等
From the founding of P.R.C to the present
中国译协 翻译学科建设 翻译行业
翻译的定义
To turn from one language into another(The Oxford English Dictionary) To turn into one’s own or another language(Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language) “把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字 表达出来”（《辞海》）
翻译的标准
所谓翻译标准，亦曰翻译原则，即指导翻 译实践、评价译文质量的尺度。翻译标准 的确立，对于建立科学的翻译理论体系具 有重要意义。
翻译的标准
（ 1 ） A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. （2）The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. （3）A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. (A. F. Tytler: Essay on the Principles of Translation, 1791)
王晓农翻译理论与实践2 Lecture Six
(14) 故宫耗时14年，整个工程于1420年结束。 The construction of Forbidden City took 14 years, and was finished in 1420, 144 years before Shakespeare was born. / 72 years before Christopher Columbus discovered the New World.
(10)cf:上海世博会“城市，让生活更美好”这个 主题突出了三方面的特点：时代性、独创性、普 遍性。 The theme “Better city, better life” of the Shanghai World Exposition is characterized by three distinctive features: times reflecting, originally conceived, and universally significant.
☆ Variation for clarification of meaning
If context makes it appropriate to turn a concrete expression in Chinese to abstract one in English, or vice versa, it should be done, which is a form of variation.
Translation Theory & Practice(2)
Course No. 1400142
Lecture Six
Commonly Used Translation Methods (2):
王晓农翻译理论与实践2 Lecture Fourteen
The most usual structure of a news item: headline, lead, and body. The typical structure of news reporting, esp. onesentence news paragraphs and leads in longer news items: Inverted Pyramid Form, in which information about Who？ What？ Why？How？ Where？When？is unfolded in an order of descending importance.
A case study:
(P.156)中国日报消息： (Para.1) 北京２００８年奥运会主题口号发布仪式２６日晚在 北京工人体育馆举行。中共中央政治局常委李长春出席仪式 并发布了“同一个世界 同一个梦想”的主题口号。
BEIJING: A ceremony for the announcement of One World, One Dream, the theme slogan of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games was held in Beijing's Workers' Gymnasium June 26, 2005. The slogan was announced by Li Changchun, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, who attended the ceremony.
◇中俄签署多项合作协议 涉及能源金融等诸多领域
王晓农翻译理论与实践2 Lecture Nine
Translation Theory & Practice (2)
Course No. 1400142
Lecture Nine Translation of Chinese Idioms
Lecturer:
1. Definition of a Chinese idiom:
A multi-charactered expression which has a relatively fixed structure and whose real meaning is transparent to the native Chinese speakers but can not be or is very hard to be derived from the literal meanings of and syntactic relations between its constituents.
（17）这次评职称，他们是八仙过海，各显其能。 In order to be successful in this round of grading and conferring professional titles, they try their best just like the way the Eight Fairies crossed the sea, each displaying his own talent. Note: The Eight immortals of Taoism in Chinese folklores.
物以稀为贵 小道消息 事后诸葛亮 击中要害 闹翻了 不见不散 帮倒忙
死猪不怕开水烫 狐狸尾巴 打肿脸充胖子 杯弓蛇影
Method 4: Reproduce the intended meaning by using an English non-idiom expression.
Course No. 1400142
Lecture Nine Translation of Chinese Idioms
Lecturer:
1. Definition of a Chinese idiom:
A multi-charactered expression which has a relatively fixed structure and whose real meaning is transparent to the native Chinese speakers but can not be or is very hard to be derived from the literal meanings of and syntactic relations between its constituents.
（17）这次评职称，他们是八仙过海，各显其能。 In order to be successful in this round of grading and conferring professional titles, they try their best just like the way the Eight Fairies crossed the sea, each displaying his own talent. Note: The Eight immortals of Taoism in Chinese folklores.
物以稀为贵 小道消息 事后诸葛亮 击中要害 闹翻了 不见不散 帮倒忙
死猪不怕开水烫 狐狸尾巴 打肿脸充胖子 杯弓蛇影
Method 4: Reproduce the intended meaning by using an English non-idiom expression.
王晓农翻译理论与实践2 Lecture Thirteen
◇ A general double criterion:
The translated version should be both faithful to the original textual message and smooth to read in accordance with the language idiom of English.
To reproduce the original substantial message in an appropriate style with proper contextualized treatment of cohesion / coherence between sentences, with adherence to equal stress on the substance, structure, and style in transforming Chinese texts into English texts (for an expected function and purpose).
(Para.2) 面对别人的成功与荣耀，我喝我的清茶， 我明白那掌声已有所属，匆匆忙忙赶过去，不会 有成功等着你，还是自己再创业绩吧，跟着别人 永远只能摸着成功的尾巴。 (Para.2) Not dazzled by other people’s aura of success and glamour, I’ll indulge in my simple pleasure. Clearly aware where the credit goes, I won’t join in the rush in the vain hope of accepting the prize to be handed to me on a plate. The best a blind follower can do is tailing after the winners. The only alternative is to create wonders of one’s own.
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Example 1.
上海大剧院有近2000 平方米的而圣洁。 大堂上空悬挂着由6片排萧 灯架组合成的大型水晶吊 灯，地面采用举世罕见的 希腊水晶白大理石，图案 形似琴键，白色巨型的大 理石柱子和两边的台阶极 富节奏感，让人一走进大 堂就仿佛置身于一个音乐 的世界。
☆ Adhere to equal stress on substance, structure, and style in treatment, with a gestalt view in finishing polish.
◇ A general double criterion:
Version 1: The lobby of the Shanghai Grand Theater is nearly 2,000 square meters, with the white as its main tone which symbolizing elegance and purity. A large chandelier, consisting of six panpipe-shaped lamps, hangs over the lobby. The floor is paved with a rare white marble known as the “Greek Crystal”. The pattern is of the shape of piano keys, and the giant white marble pillars and the stairs on both sides are imbued with a strong sense of rhythm, making people feel as if they were in a world of music the moment they step into the lobby.
2. Principle & Strategy on textual translation
◇ Four cardinal principles over the practice of textual translation:
☆Adhere to contextualized word-by-word / sentence-bysentence comprehension of the sentences in a text;
D. The gestalt view:
The Chinese text should be treated as a whole when translated, and the translator should have a concept of the whole while not neglecting the details. The global effect of the text is realized by all contributing sentences on a integrated basis.
Some important terms on textual translation:
1.
A: Textual unity:
The sentence in a test must focus on a central
idea which should be closely related to the topic
☆ Adhere to the sentence-for-sentence---from-sentenceto-sentence (SFS-FSTS) approach;
☆ Adhere to contextualized treatment of cohesion / coherence between sentence elements and between sentences in a text;
ideas, which we can be achieved by indicating clearly progression and transition of thought through using cohesive devices.
C. Clarity and readability: Such results of textual construction can be
of the test so that the text is unified as a text
should be functionally. Unity involves the logical
completeness of ideas.
B. Textual coherence This involves the connected and logical flow of
achieved by proper choice of words and structures, writing sentences of varied structure , length and style ,developing such qualities as simplicity, directness, and conciseness.
I. Basic Concepts of Text
What is a test? What are the defining features?
◇ Definition of text in English
A text, spoken or written, is a structurally cohesive and semantically coherent unit realized by a string of sentences for specific communicative purposes.