Confucius
Topic 1 Confucius 孔子
In educational practice, he created flexible teaching methods, promoting the combination of learning and thinking, learning and reviewing as well as teaching and learning. He emphasized on individualized and heuristic [hjuˈrɪstɪ k]启发式的teaching . These ideas are still of great significance in practice today.
相传他有弟子三千，其中七十二贤人。孔子去世后，其弟子 及其再传弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来， 整理编成儒家经典《论语》。
As one of the greatest thinker, educator, philosopher and the founder of the Confucian school and Confucianism in the history of China, Confucius’ legacy [ˈleɡəsi]遗产 lies in the following three aspects:
700多年前，马可·波罗开辟了中意交往的先河，此后的利玛窦、郎世宁进一步拉近了 中意两国人民的距离。
A Brief Introduction
A Brief Introduction
Confucius (551 B.C—479 B.C.) is one of the most famous Chinese people. As the founder of Confucianism, his thought has exerted a deep influence
为什么孔子的英文名叫Confucius
为什么孔子的英文名叫Confucius我们看到孔子介绍时，会看到孔子名字的英文介绍Confucius，那为什么会这么叫呢?这里面又有什么故事?下面是为你搜集的相关内容，希望对你有帮助!为什么孔子的英文名叫ConfuciusConfucius 这个词最初并不是英文，而是拉丁文。
16 世纪，来自欧洲的天主教耶稣会传教士带着向这个东方大国传播天主教的使命踏上明代中国的土地上时，他们很快发现，当时的中国人，至少是那些处在社会上层的、受过教育的、甚至担任官职的中国人，都信奉一位距离当时已经有两千多年的“哲学家”的教诲，并试图把他的教诲应用到从治国安邦到生活琐事等一系列事务中去。
这位西方传教士口中的博学的伟大哲学家就是孔子。
面对孔子以及当时占统治地位的儒家思想，以来自意大利的利玛窦神父为代表的欧洲耶稣会来华传教士抱着一种尊重甚至热忱的心态去接触并学习。
同样也是在利玛窦的带头下，来自欧洲的天主教传教士们，开始学习当时中国普遍通用的官话，以及在他们眼中是一种沉重的负担的复杂的汉字。
与此同时，西方传教士也开始向欧洲介绍中国，其中很重要的一个方面，就是介绍孔子和当时中国人普遍相信的儒家思想。
传教士们将古代儒家经典翻译成欧洲语言，向欧洲传播。
在这种介绍和翻译的过程中，就不免要翻译儒家创始人至圣先师孔子的名字。
罗马天主教会的官方语言一直以来都是继承自罗马帝国的拉丁语，随着时间的推移，古罗马时代使用的古典拉丁语在中世纪天主教会那里演变成了「教会拉丁语」，并一直使用到今天。
而拉丁语在当时的欧洲，特别是在欧洲学术界，也是沟通各个不同国家与文化的通用语言。
作为天主教圣职人员的利玛窦等耶稣会传教士，在翻译中国经典和中国人名、地名并向他们的欧洲同胞进行介绍的时候，使用的自然也就是教会拉丁语。
利玛窦选取了孔子比较流行的一个称呼孔夫子，将这个名字用音译的方式翻译成拉丁语。
明朝时期的汉语官话的发音与今天普通话发音的区别并不大，而孔夫子三字在明朝官话中的发音也基本上和今天的kǒngfūzǐ一样。
孔子【英文】 Confucius
• • • • •
The I Jing (“Book of Changes”) The Shu Jing (“Book of History”) The Shih Jing (“Book of Odes” [poetry]) The Li Ji (“Book of Rites”) The Ch’un-ch’iu (“Spring & Autumn Annals”)
The further expression of Confucian philosophy
“The Four Books” (Ssu-chu)
• • • •
Analects (Lun-Yu) The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong) The Great Learning (Ta-hsueh) The Book of Meng-Tzu (Mencius, 371-288 BC)
Confucius (Kung Fu-Tzu)*
(551-479 BCE)
& Confucianism
*Family name = Kung (Kong) Personal name = Zhong-ni Kung Fu-Tzu (Kong Fu-zi) = “Master Kung” “Confucius” = Latinization of “Kung Fu-Tzu”
The primary sources of Confucian philosophy
Confucius claimed to derive his teachings from “the Ancients,” whose wisdom is embodied in “The Five Classics” (Wu Jing)
Confucius(孔子)
.Today, I will represent our group to introduce a famous person: Confucius, here. (停顿)And I will talk about him from three aspects.As follows:First of all, who is Confucius?Second, what are Confucius’s ideas and views?Third, how and why could Confucian thought in 21st century still retains the interest of people all over the world?一、简介(Introduction)Confucius, known in China as Kongzi, given name Qiuand alias ['eɪlɪəs] Zhongni, was a native of Zouyi of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period.He put two thoughts forward as “Ren” and “li”.For the reason that Confucius lived in times of many wars, his thoughts about ren cannot be useful. So he devote much time on education. What’s more, he took his disciples [dɪ'saɪp(ə)l] around other countries.As a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism, Confucius is an ancient sage(圣人) to the Chinese People. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and theirstudents in The Analects ['ænəlekts].二、思想主张（Ideas and views）Ren and li are the two core concepts of Confucius’ doctrine about people.First: Li (主张“礼”):Confucius placed emphasis on li with the aim of preserving social order, stability and harmony. Therefore, the Analects says, “The role of li is to maintain harmony among people.” (礼之用，和为贵)Confucius ceremony, is not only the king's gift, the gift of father and son, but the gentleman unmoved attitude in the face of all. (礼的应用，以遇事做得恰当和顺为可)Second: Ren (主张“仁”):Confucius’s most important interpretation of Ren is“Love people”. This love is not only the universal love, furthermore, it should begin with the love for one’s parents. So he said: ”The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents ”.(仁者，人也，亲亲为大)仁爱就是人的属性，将爱父母亲放在第一位。
Confucius(孔子)
Confucius loves education career, devoting all his life to education activities. He is insatiable in learning. Not only teach by precept, but also do examples, in their own model behavior influence students. He loves his students, students also respect him very much, a harmonious relationship between teachers and students. He is a glorious and typical teacher of ancient China . Confucius' education activities not only has cultivated many students, but he put forward the practice of education theory, which lays the foundation of the ancient Chinese education
When Confucius was 3 years old, his father was die . under Yan ZhengZai’s education, He loved learning. Confucius had a difficulty youth. He aspired to learn at15. 30 years old, he was learned, become a famous scholar, and taught others, also creating a private school. His idea is “kindness", that is “to love“.
Confucius
State of Lu
Confucius was the founder of Confucianism.He is fam ous for his philosophy. He was declared the "Extrem ely Sage Departed Teacher" (至聖先師). He is also known as the "Great Sage" (至聖), "First Teacher" (先師), and "M odel Teacher for Ten Thousand Ages" (萬世師表).
遗产名录》。
Confucius Institute
• Confucius Institute is not a general sense of the university but an institute to promote and disseminate [dɪ'semɪneɪt](传播 )Chinese culture and Chinese language established by Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.
子曰：“溫故而知新，可以為師矣。” The Master said, If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others
பைடு நூலகம்
commemoration[kəˌmeməˌre ɪʃən]n.
孔子的简短介绍
孔子的简短介绍1.孔子简单的介绍孔子（前551-前479）英文名字：Confucius名丘，字仲尼，春秋后期鲁国人。
公元前551年9月28日（农历八月二十七日）生于鲁国邹邑昌平乡（今山东省曲阜市东南的鲁源村）；公元前479年4月11日（农历二月十一日）逝世，享年72岁，葬于曲阜城北泗水之上，即今日孔林所在地。
他的祖先是宋国贵族，大约在孔子前几世就没落了。
孔子年轻时做过几任小官，但他一生大部分时间是从事教育，相传收弟子多达三千人，教出不少有知识有才能的学生。
春秋末期思想家、教育家，儒学学派的创始人，在世时已被誉为“天纵之圣”、“天之木铎”，是当时社会上最博学者之一，并且被后世尊为至圣（圣人之中的圣人）、万世师表。
因父母曾为生子而祷于尼丘山，故名丘，鲁国陬邑（今山东曲阜东南）人。
曾修《诗》、《书》，定《礼》、《乐》，序《周易》，作《春秋》。
孔子的思想及学说对后世产生了极其深远的影响。
2.孔子的简介孔子子姓，以孔为氏，名丘，字仲尼。
春秋时期鲁国陬邑昌平乡（今曲阜市南辛镇）人。
家中排行第二。
我国古代伟大文学家，思想家，政治家，教育家，社会活动家，古文献整理家，儒家学派创始人。
相传曾修《诗》《书》，订《礼》《乐》，序《周易》，作《春秋》。
他一生从事传道，授业，解惑，被中国人尊称“至圣先师，万世师表”。
后人把孔子的言行语录记录下来，作成《论语》。
在天道观上，孔子不否认天命鬼神的存在，但又对其持怀疑态度，主张“敬鬼神而远之”。
孔子与孟子并称“孔孟”，孔子被尊为“至圣”“素王”，曾子则为宗圣。
孟子为“亚圣”。
他的言行被他的学生写成创世巨作《论语》。
他还是世界最著名的文化名人。
成就孔子对后世影响深远，虽说他“述而不作”，但他在世时已被誉为“天纵之圣”、“天之木铎”、“千古圣人”，是当时社会上最博学者之一。
后世并尊称他为“至圣”（圣人之中的圣人）、“万世师表”，认为他曾修《诗》《书》，定《礼》《乐》，序《周易》（称《易经》十翼，或称易传），著《春秋》。
Confucius孔子(英文)
2
Winston Sun
Anthem
That’s where Confucius was born & spent most of his life.
The ancient state Lu
3
Winston Sun
Confucius
Thinker Educator Statesman Philosopher Founder of the Confucian school and Confucianism Symbol of Chinese culture
Confucius & Confucianism
Made by Forrest(Zheng Diwen)
Winston Sun
Confucius (Chinese: 孔子; pinyin: Kǒng zǐ )
2561 years old now(551–479 BC)
Lu not dine the ghost and god
Winston Sun
7
Winston Sun
Confucius Quotes
8
Winston Sun
GOLDEN RULE
Winston Sun
Influence in 17th Century Europe
For almost two thousand years, the Analects had also been the fundamental course of study for any Chinese scholar, for a man was not considered morally upright or enlightened if he did not study Confucius' works. The imperial examination, started in the Jin Dynasty and eventually abolished in late Qing Dynasty (early 20th century), emphasized Confucian studies and expected candidates to quote and apply the words of Confucius in their essays.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Confucius (551 BC-479 BC) Personal name: 丘 Styled 仲尼 Great thinker & educator A descendant of a noble family in the Song State Family decline
Confucius placed a high value on ethical cultivation and a harmonious relationship. Benevolence is in effect the spirit of “Harmony” (和)。 “Harmony” is one of the most important features of the Chinese traditional culture.
Confucius’ Educational Ideas
Private school Pupils included children of aristocrats as well as common people. Confucius changed the tradition that nobody but nobilities had the right to receive education. Travel about and instruct disciples More than 3000 disciples
educational circles
Only through painstaking efforts could one obtain knowledge “I am not born with knowledge” (吾非生而知之者) Be honest in the attitude toward learning “Know what you really understand and admit what you don’t know ” (知之为知之，不知为不知) Learn and constantly review what you learned. 学而时习之
己所不欲, 勿施于人 Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself.
君子和而不同 Gentlemen are harmonious but different Difference should be recognized, do not judge with a single standard, so that harmony and stabilization of a society would be accomplished.
Learn the new by restudying the old. 温故而知新 Students should be modest in learning from others From any three people walking, I’ll find something to learn for sure. 三人行，必有我师
The divination of good or ill luck with Eight Trigrams
Confucius Thought -仁 (benevolence) Loving people Love and devotion to parents and loyalty to the country filial piety -- the most important thing in the life of a family (respect and obedience) Loyalty – the biggest thing in the society Loyal, honest and faithful to those in higher ranks
Mencius
Inherited the Confucian thoughts and doctrines. 孔子有个徒弟叫曾子，孔子有个孙子叫子思， 曾子是子思的老师，子思是孟子的老师。 Politician, thinker and educator during the period of warring states. 春秋战国 (公元前770年－公元前221年）
Chaste widows were revered as heroes during the Ming and Qing periods, and deemed so central to China’s culture and the fate of all peoples. memorial archway It is improper for man and woman to hold each other’s hands, pass objects from hand to hand it is not good for man and woman to be too intimated 大门不出，二门不迈
In teaching methodolody Students should be taught in accordance with their aptitude. Confucian educational thoughts and methodology are recorded in the histቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱrical book “The Analects of Confucius” 《论语》 Looked upon physical labor.
三人行，必有我师 From any three people walking, I’ll find something to learn for sure. Travel about and instruct disciples More than 3000 disciples Confucius changed the tradition that nobody but nobilities had the right to receive education.
His later years, compiled and preserved many literary works of ancient time: The Book of Songs《诗经》, the Book of Documents 《尚书》 (historical record of Shang / Zhou Dynasty) the Book of Changes 《周易》
“the Confucius-Mencius Doctrine” （孔孟之道） Spiritual tool in maintaining the feudal system and ruling people. Orthodox ideas of the feudal society
3) Four Books and Five Classics The Great Learning 《大学》 The Doctrine of the Mean 《中庸》 The Analects 《论语》 The Mencius 《孟子》
Women in Confucian thought A virtuous woman was supposed to uphold “three subordinations”: Be subordinate to her father before marriage, To her husband after marriage, and To her son after her husband died. Men could remarry and have concubines, women were supposed to uphold the virtue of chastity when they lost their husbands.
Classic of Changes 《周易》 Classic of Poetry 《诗经》 Classic of Rites 《礼记》 Classic of History 《尚书》 Spring and Autumn Annals 《春秋》
The Dacheng Hall, the main hall of the Temple of Confucius in Qufu
The principles of feudal moral conduct: “the Three Cardinal Guides” (三纲) Ruler Guides Subject Father Guides Son Husband Guides Wife “the Five Constant Virtues”(五常) Benevolence Righteousness Propriety Knowledge sincerity