2018年ACCA F3考试题型介绍
ACCA机考F1-F4考试题型及考试重点
ACCA机考F1-F4考试题型及考试重点ACCA考试Fundamental level F阶段最开始的考试科目F1-F4就是机考科目，2018年3月以后，ACCA考试科目F5-F9也将全面进入机考时代。
当然，如果你已经免考ACCA F阶段了，这篇文章就可以略过了，But,如果你还需要跟ACCA F阶段继续周旋和鏖战，那么，以下内容，你要仔细看喽！ACCA考试科目F1-F4的考试内容分为2大模块，Section A &Section B, Section A以单选，多选和判断题为主要类型的题目。
每题1-2分，这个部分的题目，单选判断不必说，对则得分，错则不得分。
多选题则有统一标准，全对才得分，如果出现任一单一选项错误，也不得分。
所以，在做这类题目时，知识点掌握全面扎实才是得分王道！Section B 里面以多任务题为主，什么叫多任务题？题目会引入较长的案例分析，还有图表需要理解分析，题目会以单选或者多选的形式出现，这里的单选选项会超过4个，增加了选择难度，而这个部分的多选，如果能够选对部分选项也能够拿到部分分数，而不会像Section A里面的多选题卡分卡的那么严格。
以上2段内容讲述清楚了题目模块和题目类型，下面我们一起来看一下F1-F4题目分值分布：F1 / FABSection A （总计76分）：46道题，每道题1分或2分Section B （总计24分）：6道多任务题MTQs，每道题4分F2 / FMASection A （总计70分）：35道题，每道题2分Section B （总计30分）：3道多任务题，每道题10分F3 / FFASection A （总计70分）：35道题，每道题2分Section B （总计30分）：2道多任务题，每道题15分F4Section A （总计70分）：45道客观题，其中20道题每题1分；25道题每题2分Section B （总计30分）：5道多任务题，每道题6分考试开始前，监考人员会宣读考场纪律；考生需要在电脑上输入个人信息，监考人员会核对考生的身份；身份核对后，电脑上会显示出3页考试操作指南，考生仔细阅读，得到监考人员的允许后才可点击考试科目，开始考试。
ACCA F阶段考卷结构介绍
ACCA F阶段考卷结构介绍Structure of the ACCA F1 paperSection A contains 16 one mark objective questions and 30 two mark questions objective test questions (pick one answer from a number of alternatives).Section B will contains 6 four mark multi-task questions. Multi-task questions (MTQs) contain a series of tasks which relate to one or more scenarios.Emphasis of the ACCA F1 examThe syllabus and study guide take you through:•Work effectively in accountancy and finance•Principles of internal control•Evaluating accounting systems•Professional ethics in accounting and finance•Professional values and basic business legislation•Business environment, structure and governance•Leadership management and communicationStructure of the ACCA F2 paperSection A will contain 35 two mark objective questions.Section B will contain 3 ten mark multi-task questions – one will be on Budgeting, one will be on Standard costing, and one will be on Performance measurement.Structure of the F3 paperSection A will contain 35 two mark objective questions.Section B will contain 2 fifteen mark multi-task questions. One will test consolidations and the other will test accounts preparation.Structure of the ACCA F4 paperThe exam will be a two-hour paper, with all questions being compulsory.Section A will comprise 25 objective test questions of 2 marks each, and 20 objective test questions of 1 mark each.Section B will comprise five 6 mark multi-task questions.Emphasis of the ACCA F4 examMajor areas covered in exams are administration as an alternative dispute remedy, sale of goods law and company law. Typically 5 or 6 questions in each exam are from these 3 areas.In the scenario questions, the examiner is looking for a student’s ability to establish the area of law involved, analyse the problem, identify the general principles of law relevant to the question and then apply those principles to the situation in the question, often with the requirement of giving advice to one or more of the parties involved.Structure of the ACCA F5 paperThere are two sections to the exam –Section A will comprise 20 multiple choice questions of 2 marks each; Section B of the exam comprises three 10 mark questions and two 15 mark questions. The two 15 mark questions will come from decision making techniques, budgeting and control, and/or performance measurement and control areas of the syllabus.The Section A questions and the other questions in section B can cover any areas of the syllabus.There are 3 hours for the exam, plus 15 minutes of reading time.Overall, approximately 50% of the exam involves calculations, and approximately 50% is written.Emphasis of the ACCA F5 examAlthough most of the arithmetic involved is not difficult in itself, the calculation parts of questions are designed to check that you understandthe techniques, and can decide what information is relevant, rather than checking that you have just learned rules.For the written parts of questions there is some learning involved, but most of them are again checking that you understand the techniques –that you can explain them, that you can discuss advantages and disadvantages, and that you can identify the problems of applying them in practice.Structure of the ACCA F6 paperThere are no changes to the syllabus in the December 2014 ExamsThere are no changes to the format of the exam in the December 2014 ExamsThe paper will be predominantly computational and will have five questions, all of which will be compulsory.•Question one will focus on income tax and question two will focus on corporation tax. The two questions will be for a total of 55 marks, with one of the questions being for 30 marks and the other being for 25 marks.•Question three will focus on chargeable gains (either personal or corporate) and will be for 15 marks.•Questions four and five will be on any area of the syllabus, can cover more than one topic and will respectively be for 15 marks.There will always be a minimum of 10 marks on value added tax. These marks will normally be included within question one or question two, although there might be a separate question on value added tax.National Insurance Contributions will not be examined as a separate question, but may be examined in any question involving income tax or corporation tax.Emphasis of the ACCA F6 examThe exam will require you to prepare a computation for each of the main taxes correctly including the relevant items and in addition for businesses a Capital Allowances computation, Adjustment of profit statement will be required along with an understanding of the application of the VAT system to that business.Structure of the ACCA F7 paperThe exam is a three-hour paper, with all questions being compulsory, and with 15 minutes reading time.There will be two sections to the exam:Section A will comprise 20 multiple choice questions of 2 marks each.Section B will comprise one 30 mark questions and two 15 mark questions.(The 30 mark question will examine the preparation of financial statements for either a single entity or a group. The section A question and the other questions in Section B can cover any areas of the syllabus.)Structure of the ACCA F8 paperPart A – 20% (12 multiple choice questions: four questions for 1 mark each, eight for 2 marks each)Part B –80% (six compulsory questions: four questions for 10 marks each, two questions for 20 marks eachStructure of the ACCA F9 paperThere are two sections to the exam:Section A comprises 20 multiple choice questions of 2 marks each;Section B comprises three 10 mark questions and two 15 mark questions.The two 15 mark questions will come from working capital management, investment appraisal, and business finance areas of the syllabus. The Section A questions and the other questions in Section B can cover any areas of the syllabus.There are three hours for the exam, plus 15 minutes of reading time.Approximately 50% of the marks will be for calculations and approximately 50% will be written.。
ACCA F3考试国际会计准则内容解析
ACCA F3考试国际会计准则内容解析本文由高顿ACCA整理发布，转载请注明出处ACCA F3 Financial Accounting(International)会计准则内容解析本周学术发展部请来ACCA讲师王朝科为大家介绍ACCA以及F3 Financial Accounting的相关信息。
ACCA (the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants特许公认会计师公会) 成立于1904年，是全球最具规模的国际专业会计师组织，为全世界有志投身于财务、会计以及管理领域的专才提供首选的资格认证。
目前ACCA在全球180个国家有170,000 名会员及436,000名学员。
其中，中国拥有超过23,000名会员及48,000名学员。
ACCA致力于培养会计师的专业能力，支持采纳统一的国际准则，并从雇主的技能需求出发，为会员和学员的事业发展提供完善的专业服务。
F3 Financial Accounting的考试内容是从发生交易后做借贷记账开始，接着录入总账，然后检查和改正记账（试算平衡表trial balance），最后是编制年底的四张主要报表。
在这个流程中会使用到相关的会计准则，目前总共有43个有效的国际会计准则（IFRS and IAS），而F3要求考生掌握其中的13个准则。
下面给大家介绍六个国际会计准则和相关的考试。
例题：(1) IAS 1 Presentation of Financial StatementsIAS 1规定了三张报表的基本格式，财务状况表(statement of financial position)、综合收益表(statement of comprehensive income)和权益变动表(statement of changes in equity)。
F3的考试可能会问到比如某项资产的类别，流动或非流动资产；或者是某些项目是放到哪张报表里面。
特许公认会计师(ACCA) F3财务会计考试讲义
Session 1☆Types of business entityA business can be organized in one of the several ways:●Sole trader – a business owned and operated by one person.The simple form of business is the sole trader. This is owned and managed by one person, although there might be any number of employees. A sole trader is fully personally liable for any losses that the business might make.●Partnership – a business owned and operated by two or more people.A partnership is a business owned jointly by a number of partners. The partners are jointly and severely liable for any losses that the business might make.（Traditionally the big accounting firms have been partnerships, although some are converting their status to limited liability companies.）●Limited Liability Company– a business owned by many people and operated by many （ though not necessarily the same） people. Companies are owned by shareholders. Shareholders are also known as members. As a group, they elect the directors who run the business. Companies are always limited companies.In summary, types of business entity should be differentiated in Ownership; Operation right and Liability for the business to undertake.For all three types of entity, the money put up by the individual, the partners or the shareholders, is referred to as the business capital. In the case of a company, this capital is divided into shares.☆Business Transactions: Main types of business transactions for a business include:●Purchase of inventory for resale●Sal es of goods●Purchase of non-current assets●Payment of expenses●Introduction of new capital to the business●Withdrawal of funds from the business by the owner☆Cash and credit transactions:Cash transactions: the buyer pays for the item immediately or possibly in advance.Credit transactions: the buyer does not have to pay for the item on receipt, but is allowed some time （ a credit period） before having to make the payment.☆Definition of accountingRecording : transactions must be recorded as they occur in order to provide up-to-date information for management.Summarizing: the transactions for a period are summarized in order to provide information about the company to interested parties. ☆Types of accountingFinancial accounting vs management accountingFinancial accounting Cost and managementaccountingPurposeRecord financial transactionsInformation of cost of operationsLegal requirementLimited liability company, by law, prepare financial accountsNo legal requirement to prepare management accounts Main user ExternalInternal Time At the end of period regularlyInformationhistorichistoric and forecast☆Users of financial statementsAccounting reports users include:●Management : Need information about the co mpany’s financial situation as it is currently and it is expected to be in the future. This is to enable them to manage the business efficiently and to make effective decisions .●Investors: The providers of risk, capital and their advisers are concerned with the risk inherent in , and return provided by, their investments. They need information to helpthem determine whether they should buy, hold or sell.●Trade payables/ Suppliers: Suppliers and other trade payables. Suppliers and other trade payables are interested in information that enables them to determine whether amounts owing to them will be paid when due. Trade payables are likely to be interested in an enterprise over a shorter period than lenders unless they are dependent upon the continuance of an enterprise as a major customer.●Shareholders: Shareholders are also interested in market value of shares as well as information which enables them to assess the ability of the enterprise to pay dividends.●Lenders: Lenders are interested in information that enables them to determine whether their loans, and the interest attaching to them, will be paid when due.●Customers: Customers have an interest in information about the continuance of an enterprise, especially when they have a long term involvement with or are dependent on, the enterprise.●Government and their agencies:Governments are their agencies are interested in the allocation of resources and, therefore, the activities of enterprises. They also require information in order to regulate the activities of enterprises, determine taxation policies and as the basis for national income and similar statistics.●Employees: Employees and their representative groups are interested in information about the stability and profitability of their employers. They are also interested in information which enables them to assess the ability of the enterprise to prove remuneration, retirement benefits and employment opportunities.●General public:Enterprises affect members of the public in an variety of ways. For example, enterprises may make a substantial contribution to the local economy in many ways including the number of people they employ and their patronage of local suppliers. Financial statements may assist the public by providing information about the trends and recent developments in the prosperity of the enterprise and the range of its activities.☆The business entity conceptThe business entity concept●States that financial accounting information relates only to the activities of the business entity and not to the activities of its owner.●The business entity is treated as separate from its owners.Session 8 Irrecoverable debts and allowancesMain contents:1.Irrecoverable debts2.Allowance for receivables3.Accounting for irrecoverable debts and receivable allowances8.1 Irrecoverable debts●Trade receivables:A trade receivable is a customer who owes money to the business as a result of buying goods or service on credit.●Accruals concept:The accruals concept requires a sale to be included in the ledger accounts at the time that it is made.Credit sales are claimed when the sale is invoiced.The double entry at theinvoice date will be:Dr. Cr.Receivables xxSales xxWhen the customer eventually settles the invoice the double entry will be:Dr. Cr.Cash xxReceivables xxProblems: collecting the amounts owing from customersReasons: bankruptcy, fraud or disputes●Prudence concept:The prudence concept requires some adjustment to reflect the actual or potential loss arising from unpaid debts.●Irrecoverable debt:A debt which is considered to be uncollectible.- Highly unlikely that the amount owed will be received.- Written off by writing it out of the ledger accounts completely.●Accounting for irrecoverable debts- It is prudent to remove the irrecoverable debts from the accounts and to charge the amount as an expense for irrecoverable debts to the I.S.- The original sales remains in the accounts as this did actually take place.Dr.Irrecoverable debts expense xxCr.Receivables control account xxExample:Arctic Co.have total accounts receivable at the end of their accounting period of $45,000.Of these it is discovered that one, Mr.X who woes $790, has been declared bankruptcy, and another who gave his name as Mr.Jones has totally disappeared owing Arctic Co.$1,240.Write up the ledger accounts to reflect the writing off these debts as irrecoverable.Solution:Dr.Irrecoverable debts expense 2,030Cr.Receivables control account 2,030●Accounting for irrecoverable debts recoveredIrrecoverable debts are receivedWhen an irrecoverable debt is recovered, the accounting entry is:Dr.Cash xxCr.Irrecoverable debt expense xxExample:At 1 October 20x6 a business had total outstanding debts of $8,600.During the year to 30 September 20x7: Credit sales amounted to $44,000; Payments from various debtors amounted to $49,000; Two debts, for $180 and $420（both including sales tax）were declared irrecoverable.After the debts was written off, the payment is received before the end of the period, now what journal entry to prepare for the recovery of payment?Dr.Cash 600Cr.Irrecoverable debt expense 6008.2 An allowance for receivables:●Allowance for receivables is an estimate of the percentage of debts which are not expected to be paid.（a）When an allowance is first made, the amount of this initial allowance is charged as an expense in the income statement, for the period in which the allowance is created.（b）When an allowance already exists, but is subsequently increased in size, the amount of the increase in allowance is charged as an expense in the income statement, for the period in which the increased allowance is made.（c）When an allowance already exists, but is subsequently reduced in size, the amount of the decrease in allowance is credited back to the income statement, for the period in which the increased allowance is made.The value of trade receivable in the statement of financial position must be shown after deducting the allowance for receivables.Example:A business has trade receivables outstanding at 30 June 20x5 and decided to create 5% allowances for receivables.（a）In the income statement, the newly created allowance of $2,500 （5% x 50,000 = 2,500）will be shown as an expense.（b）In the statement of financial position, trade accounts receivables will be shownas: $Total receivables 50,000Less: allowance for receivables （2,500）47,5008.3 Accounting for irrecoverable debts and receivable allowances●Irrecoverable debts written off- When the irrecoverable debts are written off, the double entry might be:Dr.Irrecoverable debtsCr.Receivable control account- When an irrecoverable debt is subsequently received, the accounting entries are: Dr.CashCr.Irrecoverable debts●Allowance for receivables（a）Open up an allowance accountDr.Irrecoverable debts account （expense）Cr.Allowance for receivables（b）In subsequent years- calculate the new allowance required- compare it with the existing balance on the allowance account- calculate increase or decrease required（only a movement in the allowance is charged to the I.S.）（i）If a higher allowance is required:Dr.Irrecoverable debts expenseCr.Allowance for receivables（ii）If a lower allowance is required:Dr.Allowance for receivablesCr.Irrecoverable debts expenseExample:A has total receivables outstanding at 31 December 20x2 of $28,000.He believes that about 1% of these balances will not be collected and wishes to make an appropriate allowance.Before now, he has not made any allowance for receivables at all.On 31 December 20x3, his trade accounts receivable amount to $40,000.His experience during the year has convinced him that an allowance of 5% should be made.Required: What accounting entries should he make?Solution:At 31 December 20x2,Allowance required= 1% x 28,000 = $280Dr.Irrecoverable debts expense 280Cr.Allowance for receivables 280In SFPReceivables ledger balances 28,000Less: allowances for receivables 28027,720At 31 December 20x3Allowance required now（ 5% x 40,000）2,000Existing allowance （280）Additional allowance required 1,720The double entry will be:Dr.Irrecoverable debts expense 1,720Cr.Allowance for receivables 1,720In SFPReceivables ledger balances 40,000Less: allowance for receivables （2,000）38,000Example 2:Irrecoverable debts are $5,000.Trade accounts receivable at the year end are $120,000.If an allowance for receivables of 5% is required, what are the irrecoverable debts in the income statement?A.$5,000B.$11,000C.$6,000D.$10,750Solution: B120,000 X 5% = 6,000$6000+ $5,000 = $11,000P.S.: The irrecoverable debt expense to be included in I/S should include:Irrecoverable debt written off xx+ Allowance （ movement ）for receivables xx= Total irrecoverable debt expense charged to I/SSession 2☆Financial Statements include:- a statement of financial position at the end of the period- a statement of comprehensive income for the period- a statement of changes in equity for the period- statement of cash flows for the period- notes, comprising a summary of accounting policies and other explanatory notesThe statement of financial position:Statement of Financial Position: showing the financial position of a business at a point of time.The Vertical format of the SFP: （Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2007）●The top half of the balance sheet shows the assets of the business.●The bottom hal f of the balance sheet shows the capital and liabilities of the business.A Statement of financial position at the end of the period （Balance Sheet）:W XangBalance Sheet as at December 31 20X6$ $ Non – current assetsMotor Van 2,400Current assetsInventory 2,390Trade receivables 1,840Cash at bank 1,704Cash in hand 565,990 Total assets 8,390$ $ Capital accountBalance at 1 January 20X6 4,200Add net profit for year 3,450Increase in capital 1,0008,650Less: Drawing for year （2,960）5,690Non – current liabilities 1,000Current liabilitiesPayable 1,700Total 8,390The horizontal format of the SFP: （Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2007）●The left half of the balance sheet shows the assets of the business.●The right half of the balance sheet shows the capital and liabilities of the business.W XangStatement of Financial Position as at 31 December 20x6$ $ $ $ Non-current assets Non-current liabilities1,000Motor van 2,400 Trade payable1,7002,400 Total liabilities2,700Capital accountCurrent assets Balance at 1 January 20X6 4,200Inventory 2,390 Add net profit for year 3,450Trade receivables 1,680 Increase in capital 1,000Cash at bank 1,704 8,650Cash in hand 56 Less: Drawing for year -2,960Total current assets5,990 5,690Total assets8,390 Total capital and liabilities8,390☆The accounting equationFinancial accounting is based upon a very simple idea:The amount of resources supplied by the owner is called capital. The actual resources that are then in the business are called assets. Usually, people other than the owner have supplied some, of the assets, for example, a supplier supplies stock of goods on credit. The business is said to owe a liability towards these suppliers. The following accounting equation always holds true:The accounting equation:ASSETS = PROPRITOR’S CAPITAL + LIABILITIES- Any point in time, the assets of the business will be equal to its liabilities plus the capital of the business;- Assets less liabilities equal the capital of the business, which is known as net assets.- Each and every transaction that the business makes or enters into has twoaspects to it and have a double effect on the business and the accountingequation. This is known as the duality concept.Duality concept:Each and every transaction that the business makes or enters into has two aspects to it and has a double effect on the business and the accounting equations. This is known as duality concept.Illustration:1）. Carl sets up in business by opening a coffee shop –Carl’s Coffee. He puts $5,000 into a business bank account.The opening accounting equation is:Assets （Cash in bank）= Capital + Liabilities（$5,000） = （$5,000） + （$0）2）. Carl buys furniture （chairs and tables） for the shop for $1,500, paying the supplier out of the business bank account.The accounting equation after this transaction is:Assets Capital + Liabilties（ Cash in bank $3,500） = （$5,000）（$0）（Furniture $ 1,500）3）. Now Carl spends a further $2,000 to buy coffee-making equipment and $800 on crockery and cutlery, paying cash out of the business bank account.The accounting equation after this transaction is:Assets Capital + Liabilties（Cash in Bank $700）= （$5,000）（$0）（Equipment $2,000）（Fitting & Fixture $800）（Furniture $1,500）4）. Carl persuades his bank to lend $1,000 to develop the business. The bank loan is accounted for as a liability of the business.The accounting equation is now as follows:Assets Capital + Liabilties（Cash in Bank $1,700） = （$5,000）（$1,000）（Equipment $2,000）（ Fitting & Fixture $800）（Furniture $ 1,500）5）. Carl now buys coffee, tea, milk, sugar, biscuits and cakes for $700, and pays in cash from the business bank account.The accounting equation is now as follows:Assets Capital + Liabilties（Inventory $700） = （$5,000）（$1,000）（Equipment $2,000）（Fitting & Fixture $800）（Furniture $1,500）（Cash in Bank $ 1,000）6）. In his first day of trading, Carl uses up $650 of his inventory, and makes sales totaling $1,050. All his sales are in cash.The accounting equation at the end of the day is as follows:Assets Capital + Liabilities（Inventory $50） = （Beginning $5,000）（$1,000）（Equipment $2,000）（ Profit $400）（Fitting & Fixture $800）（Furniture $1,500）（ Cash in bank $2,050）☆Classification of Assets and LiabilitiesAssets: An asset is something owned or controlled by the business that will result in future economic benefits to the business. （ an inflow of cash or other assets.）Such as:Current assets:are assets owned by the business with the intention of turning them into cash within one year （accounting period）.This definition allows inventory or receivables to quality as current assets, even if they may not be realized into cash within 12 months.Non-current asset:is an asset held for and used in operation（rather than for selling to customer）, with a view to earning income or making profits from its use, for over more than one year （ accounting period）.Liability: is something owed by the business to someone else.Current liability: These include the debts of the business that are repayable within the next 12 months.Non-current liabilities: are liabilities that do not need to be settled for at least one year. （excluding the current portion of the debt）Capital:Capital is a type of liability. It represents the owner’s net investment in the business. Capital appears as a credit balance on the balance sheet.Assets –Liabilities = PROPRIETOR’S CAPITALNet Assets =（ Total ）Assets –（Total） LiabilitiesCapital （at SFP date） = Capital introduced + Profit – DrawingsDrawing: Drawings are any amounts taken out of the business by the owner for their own personal use. Drawings will reduce the capital balance reported on the balance sheet.Include:●Money taken out of the business●Goods taken for personal use●Personal expenses paid by the businessIncome statement☆Financial Statements include:- a statement of financial position at the end of the period- a statement of comprehensive income for the period- a statement of changes in equity for the period- statement of cash flows for the period- notes, comprising a summary of accounting policies and other explanatory notes The statement of financial position:Statement of Financial Position: showing the financial position of a business at a point of time.The Vertical format of the SFP: （Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2007）●The top half of the balance sheet shows the assets of the business.●The bottom half of the balance sheet shows the capital and liabilities of the business.A Statement of financial position at the end of the period （Balance Sheet）:☆Income statement:Mr. W XangIncome statement for the year ended 31 December 20X6$ $Sales revenue33,700Opening inventory 3,200Purchases 24,49027,690Less: Closing inventory （2,390）Cost of sales （25,300）Gross profit8,400Less: Expenseswages 3,385rent 1,200Sundry expenses 365（4,950）Net profit3,450●Showing the financial performance of a business over a period of time.●Reports revenue and expenses for the period.●T he sales revenue shows the income from goods sold in the year●The cost of buying the goods sold must be deducted from the revenue●The current year’s sales will include goods bought in the previous year, so this opening inventory must be added to the current year’s purchases.●Some of this year’s purchases will be unsold at 31/12/20x6 and this closing inventory must be deducted from purchases to be set off against next year’s sales.●The first part gives gross profit. The second part gives net prof it.The I.S. prepared following the accruals concept.Accrual concept:●Income and expenses are recorded in the I.S. as they are earned / incurred regardless of whether cash has been received/ paid.（Sales revenue: income from goods sold in the year, regardless of whether those goods have been paid for.）☆Relationship between a statement of financial position and a statement of income●The balance sheets are not isolated statements, they are linked over time withthe income statement●As the business records a profit in the income statement, that profit is added tothe capital section of the balance sheet, along with any capital introduced. Cash taken out of the business by the proprietor, called drawings, is deducted.Illustration – the accounting equation:The transactions:Day 1 Avon commences business introduction $1,000 cash.Day 2 Buys a motor car for $400 cash.Day 3 Buys inventory for $200 cash.Day 4 Sells all the goods bought on Day 3 for $300 cash.Day 5 Buys inventory for $400 on credit.SFP at the end of each day’s transactions:Solution:Day 1 Assets （Cash $1,000） = Capital （$1,000） + Liabilities （$0）Day 2 Assets （Motor $400） = Capital （$1,000） + Liabilities （$0）（Cash $600）Day 3 Assets （ Inventory $200） = Capital（$1,000） + Liabilities （$0）（Motor $400）（Cash $400）Day 4 Assets （ Motor$ 400） = Capital + Liabilities （$0）（Cash $700）（Beginning$1,000）（Profit $100）Day 5 Assets （Inventory $ 400） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$400）（Cash $700）（Profit $100）AvonStatement of Financial Position as at end of Day 5$ $ Non – current assetsMotor Van 400Current assetsInventory 400Cash in hand 7001,100 Total assets 1,500$ $ Capital accountBalance at Day 1 1,000Add net profit for the period 1001,100 Current liabilitiesPayable 400Total 1,500Example:Continuing from the illustration above, prepare the SFP at the end of each day after accounting for the transactions below:Day 6 Sells half of the goods bought on Day 5 on credit for $250.Day 7 Pays $200 to his supplier.Day 8 Receives $100 from a customer.Day 9 Proprietor draws $75 in cash.Day 10 Pays rent of $40 in cash.Day 11 Receives a loan of $600 repayable in two years.Day 12 Pays cash of $30 for insurance.Your starting point is the SFP at the end of Day 5, from the illustration above.Prepare: SFP at the end of Day 12I.S. for the first 12 days of trading.Solution:Day 6 Assets （Inventory $ 200） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$400）（Cash $700）（Profit $150）（A/Receivable$250）Day 7 Assets （Inventory $ 200） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$200）（Cash $500）（Profit $150）（A/Receivable$250）Day 8 Assets （Inventory $ 200） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$200）（Cash $600）（Profit $150）（A/Receivable$150）Day 9 Assets （Inventory $ 200） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$200）（Cash $525）（Profit $150）（A/Receivable$150）（Drawing $75）Day 10 Assets （Inventory $ 200） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$200）（Cash $485）（Profit $110）（A/Receivable$150）（Drawing $75）Day 11 Assets （Inventory $ 200） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$200）（Cash $1,085）（Profit $110）（$600）（A/Receivable$150）（Drawing $75）Day 12 Assets （Inventory $ 200） = Capital + Liabilities（ Motor$ 400）（Beginning$1,000）（$200）（Cash $1,055）（Profit $80 ）（$600）（A/Receivable$150）（Drawing $75）AvonStatement of Financial Position as at end of Day 12$ $ Non – current assetsMotor Van 400 Current assetsInventory 200Trade receivables 150Cash in hand 1,0551,405 Total assets 1,805$ $ Capital accountBalance at Day 1 1,000Add net profit for the period 80Less: Drawing for year （75）1,005Non – current liabilities 600Current liabilitiesPayable 200Total 1,805AvonIncome statement for the period ended at Day 12$ $Sales revenue550Opening inventory 0Purchases 600Less: Closing inventory （200）Cost of sales （400）Gross profit150Less: Expensesrent 40insurance 30（70）Net profit80Session 3 Double entry bookkeeping☆The duality concept and double entry bookkeepingDuality concept: each and every transaction has a double effect on the business and the accounting equations.（A= C + L）Rules of double entry bookkeeping:● Each time a trans action is recorded, both effects must be taken into account.● These two effects are equal and opposite such that the accounting equation will always prove correct.Assets – Liabilities = Capital● Traditionally, one effect is referred to as the debi t side （ Dr.） and the other as the credit side of the entry （Cr.）☆Ledger accounts, debits and creditsLedger account:● transactions are recorded in the relevant ledger accounts. There is a ledgeraccount for each asset, liability, revenue and ex penses’ item, and for the owner’scapital.● Each account has two sides: the debit and credit sides.● The duality concept means that each transaction will affect two ledger accounts● One account will be debited and the other credited● Whether an entry is to debit or credit side of an account depend on the types of account and the transaction.☆IN ARRIVING AT RULE FOR DEBIT AND CREDIT, AN ASSUMPTION ISMADE THAT ASSETS ARE OF A DEBIT NATURE.☆Debit entries record Credit entries recordIncrease in Increase inExpense LiabilityAsset IncomeDrawings CapitalRules: treat the transactions as if all performed by cash.（Cash in--- Debit; Cash out --- Credit）Using T- accountT-accounts are frequently used to simplify the thought process behind recording complex transactions. Using T-accounts, the accountant or bookkeeper can analyze the effects to individual accounts and the impact the transactions have on account balances.Steps to record a transaction:1.Identify the two items that are affected.2.Consider whether they are being increased of decreased.3.Decide whether each account should be debited or credited.4.Check that a debit entry and a credit entry have been made and they are both for the same account.☆Recording cash transactionsCash transactions:Payment is made or received immediately.Cheque payments or receipts are classed as cash transactions.Double entry involves the bank ledger:A debit entry is where funds are receivedA credit entry is where funds are paid out.Example: Show the following transactions in ledger accounts:1.Kamran pays $80 for rent by cheque.2.Kamran sells goods for $230 cash which he banks.3.He then takes $70 out of the business for his personal living expenses.4.Kamran sells more goods for cash, receiving $3,400Solution:1.Dr. Rent expense 80Cr. Cash in bank 802.Dr. Cash in bank 230Cr. Sales 2303.Dr. Drawing 70Cr. Cash in bank 704.Dr. Cash in bank 3,400Cr. Sales 3,400。
ACCAF3考试重要知识点和考点梳理
ACCA F3考试重要知识点和考点梳理考察形式1.选择题：2’*35=70’。
包括文字题和计算题。
2.大题：15’*2=30’。
通常是编制两张报表，即SFP，P&L，CFS，CSFP，CP&L，四选二，但是，报表题目也可能以小题的形式出现在选择题，即考查编制报表时的各个working。
知识梳理及重要考点F3，financial accounting, 整本教材的编制顺序，遵照账务处理顺序，如下所示：Chapter1-4：介绍财务会计基础知识。
（1）会计做账主体为企业，即business。
（2）Sole trader, partnership和Limited liabilitycompany各自的特点。
（3）Financial accounting和management accounting的区别。
（4）Accounting equation（5）7种book of prime entry（6）会计5要素及做账原则，即借贷方表示增/减。
（7）Balancing and closing of T accountChapter5-13：常见账户的会计处理，即double entry。
（1） Chapter 5：Returns, discounts and sales tax。
本章主要考查trade discount和early settlement discount的会计处理及这两种折扣情况下如何计算sales tax，即均以折扣后的净值作为计税基础。
而sales revenue的金额，对于trade discount，以折扣后净值确认，对于early settlementdiscount则以折扣前的总数确认；sales tax liability的计算，即output tax减去input tax。
（2）Chapter 6：Inventory。
本章主要考查valuation of inventory，即lower of cost and NRV；adjustment of openingand closing inventory。
ACCA考试F3历年真题精选及详细解析1111-19
ACCA考试F3历年真题精选及详细解析1111-194.1 According to IAS 38 Intangible assets, which of the following statements about research and development expenditure are correct?1 If certain conditions are met, an entity may decide to capitalize development expenditure.2 Research expenditure, other than capital expenditure on research facilities, must be written off as incurred.3 Capitalized development expenditure must be amortized overa period not exceeding 5 years.4 Capitalized development expenditure must be disclosed in the statement of financial position under intangible non-current assets.A 1,2and4onlyB 1 and 3 onlyC 2 and 4 onlyD 3 and 4 only答案：C4.2 According to IAS 38 Intangible assets, which of the following statements concerning the accounting treatment of research and development expenditure are true?1 Development costs recognized as an asset must be amortized over a period not exceeding five years.2 Research expenditure, other than capital expenditure on research facilities, should be recognized as an expense as incurred.3 In deciding whether development expenditure qualifies to be recognized as an asset, it is necessary to consider whetherthere will be adequate finance available to complete the project.4 Development projects must be reviewed at each reporting date, and expenditure on any project no longer qualifying for capitalization must be amortized through the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income over a period not exceeding five years.A 1and 4B 2 and 4C 2and 3D 1and 3答案：C4.3 According to IAS 38 Intangible assets, which of the following statements is/are correct?1 Capitalized development expenditure must be amortized overa period not exceeding five years.2 If all the conditions specified in IAS 38 are met, development expenditure may be capitalized if the directors decide to do so.3 Capitalized development costs are shown in the statement of financial position under the heading of non-current assets.4 Amortization of capitalized development expenditure will appear as an item in a company\'s statement of changes in equity.A 3 onlyB 2and 3C 1and4D 1and3答案：A4.4 According to IAS 38 Intangible assets, which of the following are intangible non-current assets in the financial statements of Lota Co?1 A patent for a new glue purchased for $20,000 by Lota Co2 Development costs capitalized in accordance with IAS 383 A license to broadcast a television series, purchased by Lota Co for $1 50,0004 A state of the art factory purchased by Lota Co for $1 .5millinA 1 and 3 onlyB 1,2and3onlyC 2 and 4 onlyD 2,3and4only答案：B。
ACCA F3考试科目详细介绍
关于ACCA F阶段的考试科目，很多知识大家都认为是基础性的，那么到底是不是这样的呢?中公财经小编在此就给大家详细介绍一下吧;科目简介F3课程主要向学员介绍了财务会计准则、相关会计科目账户建立以及准确财务信息的提供，是F7和P2的课程基础。
大纲介绍了财务报表编制准备及会计科目建立原则。
接着大纲深入展开了公司各类经营行为的会计记录方法，如何使用试算平衡表使用、如何改正账面错误以及需合并报表或非合并报表财务报告的准备工作。
之后大纲分出两个重点方向展开，一是要求考生能够对财务报表做一些简单的解读;二是要求学员能够做报表合并。
F3课程各章节之间的逻辑连续性极强。
特别是复式记账作为F3的重点，在后面的一些具体知识点的处理当中会时常作为借助使用的工具，所以务必把前面的基础知识部分掌握清晰再往下进行。
总得来说F3呈现出量大知识点细碎的特征，因为考的范围很广，所以很难把握所谓的重点。
在学习的过程当中，要注意细节的体会和理解，做到知其然并知其所以然。
主要内容1. 了解大致的会计框架，即财务会计需要遵守的概念性框架。
2. 了解财务报表编写的流程3. 细化学习财报的具体科目，包括初始确认，后续计量等4. 编写单体报表以及编写合并报表5. 通过ratio简单分析财务报表考试形式及题型考试为机考，没有固定考试时间限制，提前预约机考中心即可参加考试，提交试卷之后即出成绩，50分通过。
Section A35道选择题或者填空，每个2分，共70分。
Section B2道大题，每个题有3-5个任务题，每道大题15分，共30分学习建议复式记账作为F3的重点，在后面的一些具体知识点的处理当中会时常作为借助使用的工具，所以务必把前面的基础知识部分掌握清晰再往下进行。
基础扎实后，需要用心学习，把握每一笔分录的做法，结合知识点和练习题目反复体会。
报表的编写主要基于前期学过的知识，综合汇总后得出报表。
需要注意的是考试不会要求编写完整报表，会以填空和选择格式出现。
2018年6月ACCA考试题型汇总介绍
2018年6月ACCA考试题型汇总介绍临近6月份的ACCA考试季。
往往是考前的这几天对于ACCA考试题型的了解与把控最为重要。
为了，更加从容的安排接下来的ACCA考试计划以及相关的考试经验。
中公财经小编就2018年ACCA 考试题型给大家做了一个详细的汇总;ACCA F1 (机考)考试科目: 企业会计时间: 2 hours ;通过分数: 50 ，F1 考试包含2个sections：Section A :46 道题目，其中30道题，每题2分;16道题，每题1分。
总分值是76分。
Section B ：6道题目，每道题目4分。
总分值24分。
所有的题目都是必做题。
ACCA F2 (机考)考试科目: 管理会计时间: 2 hours 通过分数: 50 ; F2 考试包含2个sections:Section A ：25道题目，每道题目2分。
总分值是70分。
Section B ：3道题目，每道题目10分。
总分值是30分。
ACCA F3 (机考)考试科目: 财务会计时间: 2 hours 通过分数: 50,F3 考试包含2个sectionsSection A ：25道题目，每道题目2分。
总分值是70分。
Section B ：3道题目，每道题目10分。
总分值是30分。
ACCA F4 (机考& 纸考)考试科目: 企业法和商法时间: 2 hours 通过分数: 50 ,F4包含2个sectionsSection A ：45道题目，其中25道题，每题2分;20道题，每题1分，总分值是70分。
Section B ：5道题目，每道题目6分。
总分值30分。
ACCA F5 (机考& 纸考)考试科目：绩效管理时间： 3 hours 通过分数：50,F5包含了3个sectionsSection A ：15道客观题，每题2分，总分30分。
Section B ：3道案例题，每道案例题由5道客观题构成，每题2分，总分30分Section C ：2道案例分析题，每题20分，总分40分。
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中公财经培训网：/对于很多已经报名参加6月份ACCA考试的小伙伴来说，F3阶段的考试考哪些题型的确是大家需要认真了解一下的。
中公财经小编就F3阶段考试题型给大家整理了一下，具体情况如下所示;
Section A will contain 35 two mark objective questions.
Section B will contain 2 fifteen mark multi-task questions. One will test consolidations and the other will test accounts preparation.
对于9月马上推出的ACCA F阶段全机考，我们也对题型做了解读：
9月份ACCA 机考CBEs题型介绍
(一)客观题(Objective test questions/ OT questions)客观题是指这些单一的，题干较短的，并且自动判分的题目。
每道客观题的分值为2分，考生必须回答的完全正确才可以得分，即使回答正确一部分，也不能得到分数。
(二)案例客观题(OT case questions)
案例客观题是ACCA引入的新题型，每道案例客观题都是由一组与一个案例相关的客观题组成的，因此要求考生从多个角度来思考一个案例。
这种题型能很好的反映出考生将如何在实践中完成这些任务。
案例客观题会出现在2016年9月份的笔试中，这意味着CBEs考试和笔试的格式在本次考试中将完全一致。
(三) 主观题(Constructed response questions/ CR qustions)考生将使用电子表格程序和文字处理程序去完成主观题的回答。
就像笔试中的主观题一样，答案最终将由专家判分。
这些变化都是更紧密地反映了考生在工作场所中执行同样任务的方式，所以考生必须具备现代金融专业所需要的最相关的技能。
考试前或是备考时，先了解一下考试题型是非常有必要的。
中公财经小编在这里预祝大家在接下来的考试中，过过过。