Intelligent-parking-system智能停车场系统大学毕业论文英文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：智能停车场系统文献、资料英文题目：Intelligent parking system 文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14Intelligent parking systemAbstractThe basic concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are discussed in this paper. The proposed intelligent’’ parking space inventory control system that is based on a combination of fuzzy logic and integer programming techniques makes ‘‘on line’’ decisions whether to accept or reject a new driver's request for parking. In the first step of the proposed model, the best parking strategies are developed for many different patterns of vehicle arrivals. These parking strategies are developed using integer programming approach. In the second step, learn-ing from the best strategies, specific rules are defined. The uniqueness of the proposed approach is that the rules are derived from the set of chosen examples assuming that the future traffic arrival patterns are known. The results were found to be close to the best solution assuming that the future arrival pattern is known.Keywords: Traffic; Uncertainty modeling; Control; Parking; Fuzzy logic 1.IntroductionEvery day a significant percentage of drivers in single-occupancy vehicles search for a parking space. Additionally, less experienced drivers or out-of-towners further contribute to the increase of traffic congestion. Search for a vacant parking space is a typical example of a search process. Every parking search strategy is composed of a set of vague rules. It is usually difficult to describe these rules explicitly. The type of the planned activity, time of a day, day of the week, current congestion on particular routes, knowledge of city streets, and potentially available parking places have significant influence on a chosen parking search strategy. During the last four decades numerous parking search models have been developed (Vander Goot, 1982; Axhausen and Polak, 1991; Polak and Axhausen, 1990; Young et al., 1991a,b; saltzman, 1997;Shoup, 1997; Steiner, 1998; Thompson and Richardson, 1998; Arnott and Rowse, 1999; Tam and Lam, 2000; Wong et al., 2000; Waterson et al., 2001). In many decision-making situations in transportation (modal split, choice of air carrier, choice of airport, etc.) the competitive alternatives and their characteristics are reasonably well known in advance to the decision maker (passenger, driver). On the other hand, the drivers usually discover diffierent parking alternatives one by one in a temporal sequence. Clearly, this temporal sequence has a very strong influence on the driver's final decision about the parking placeDuring the past two decades, traffic authorities in many cities (Helsinki, Cologne, Mainz, Stuttgart, Wiesbaden, Aalborg, Hague) have started to inform and guide drivers to parking facilities with real-time var-iable message signs [directional arrows, names of the parking facilities, status (full, not full, number of available parking spaces, etc.)]. Information about the number of available parking spaces could be displayed on the major roads, streets and intersections, or it could be distributed through the Internet.It is logical to ask the question about the benefits of the parking guidance systems. Current practice shows that parking guidance systems usually do not change the occupancy rate or average parking duration. Drivers easily become familiar with the parking guidance systems, and majority of them use, thrust and appreciate the help of the systems. Guidance systems significantly increase the probability of finding vacant parking space, mitigate frustration of the drivers–visitors unfamiliar with the city center, decrease the queues in front of parking garages, decrease the total amount of vehicle-miles traveled (particularly in the city centers), decrease the average trip time, energy consumption, and air pollution. Parking guidance system is a part of comprehensive parking policy and traffic management system, whose other elements are streetparking control (including sanctions for the illegally parked vehicles), parking fare structure, and parking revenue management system.Parking guidance systems help drivers to find vacant parking spaces when they are already on the network, and approaching their final destination. Throughout this research the concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are proposed. Such systems would help drivers to find a vacant parking space even before beginning their trip. The proposed ‘‘intelligent’’parking space inventory control system that is based on the combination of simulation, optimization techniques, and fuzzy logic makes ‘‘real-time’’ decisions as to whether to reject or accept a new request for parking. The proposed methodology could be applied for parking lots and parking garages in cities and at the big international airports.The paper is organized as follows:1. Parking-pricing problems are presented in Section 2. Analogies between parking problems and some other industries are presented in Section 3. The parking revenue management system is introduced in Section 4, and the Intelligent parking space inventory control system is introduced in Section 5. The algorithm to create intelligent parking spaces inventory control system is presented in Section 6. Results obtained with the ‘‘intelligent’’ parking system are given in Section 7, and Sec-tion 8 presents the concluding remarks and further research orientations.2.parking pricingIn majority of cities throughout the world drivers pay for using different parking facilities. In some instances, traffic congestion can be significantly reduced as a result of parking price. The parking revenue is usually used to cover parking facility costs (access gates, ticket printers, parking meters, parking signs, attendants), or to improve some other traffic and transportation activities. Different parking pricingstrategies should be a part of the comprehensive solution approach to the complex traffic congestion problems. There is no doubt that parking pricing represents one of the important demand management strategies. For example, traffic authorities, local governments and private sector could introduce higher parking tariffs for solo drivers or for long-term parkers in congested city areas. They could provide special parking discounts to vanpoolers. Obviously parking pricing should be carefully studied in the context of the considered city area (down-town, residential, commercial, retail use areas).In some cities (Madison, Wisconsin) there are already time dependent parking fees that force commuters to switch to diffierent alternatives of public transportation (/bcp/Parking.html). Trying to promote public transit San Francisco traffic authorities increased parking tariffs at public and commercial garages. The Chicago authorities raised parking rates few times (/fta/library/planning/tdmstatus/ftaprkng.htm). As a consequence, the total number of cars parked significantly decreased, as well as parking duration time. The greatest decrease was in the number of all day parkers. Authorities in Seattle significantly reduced parking tariffs for carpool at two Seattle parking facilities in downtown (/DOCS/mtp17b.html). Active role in parking pricing strategies could also have employers paying for employees' parking. Employers who remove parking subsidies for the employees could significantly decrease the total number of solo drivers. The main role of any parking pricing strategy should be reducing the total number of vehicle trips during certain time periods, shifting commuters to alternative transportation modes, and to different parking locations. At the same time, when trying to implement any parking strategy, it is very important to provide enough parking space for shoppers, to providepreferential parking for residents in considered city area, to provide preferential parking for different parking locations, to consider low income families, and to protect streets in the neighborhood from illegal parking.The basic economic concepts of supply and demand should be more utilized when solving complex traffic congestion and parking problems (Vickrey, 1969, 1994; Verhoef et al., 1995). So-called value pricing is also known as congestion pricing, or variable tolling. The basic idea behind the concept of congestion pricing is to force drivers to travel and use transportation facilities more during off-peak hours and less during peak hours. The idea of congestion pricing is primarily connected with the road (drivers pay for using private, faster roads, drivers with lower vehicle occupancy pay for using High Occupancy Vehicle lanes, drivers pay more to enter city's downtown on weekdays) or airport operators (more expensive landing fees during peak hours). In the context of parking problems, this means: (a) that different parking tariffs should exist for different users; (b) that the parking fees should increase and/or decrease few times during a day.3.Parking problems and revenue management systems: Analogies with some other industriesAirline industry, hotels, car rental, rail, cruise, healthcare, broadcast industry, energy industry, golf,equipment rental, restaurant, and other industries are utilizing revenue management concepts when selling their products (Cross, 1997). Revenue management could be described as a group of different scientific techniques of managing the company revenue when trying to deliver the right product to the right client at the right price at the right time. The roots of the revenue management are in the airline industry. The basic characteristics of the industries to which different revenue management concepts were。
智能停车场管理系统Intelligentparkingsystem
智能停车场管理系统IntelligentparkingsystemIntelligent parking systemEuropean Journal of Operational Research ; 0377-2217 ; 2006;175volumes; 3Intelligent parking management system uses advanced technology and highly automated mechanical and electrical equipment, mechanical, and electronic computer-controlled equipment, and intelligent IC card technology combine management can be achieved through the computer management of vehicle access, automatic data storage function, the realization of de machine operation and provide - efficient management of the system.Smart new car park will be living concepts and architecture, information technology, computer electronics technology, such as the perfect combination of modern high-tech to provide a simple, easy-to-use, advanced system of human nature. It relies on high-tech, people-oriented, graphical man-machine interface operation, providing a more safe, comfortable, convenient, fast and open intelligent, information-based living space, promoting the healthy development of human environment.1 parking lot at home and abroad mainly in the following several types1.1 mechanical parkingMechanical parking car park is mainly a kind of mechanical means parking the car park completely by mechanical parking equipment such as tractor driving machine, driven wheels, car panels, sliding device, control cabinet, called the operation site, Rotary lift devices, handling devices, etc.. Lifting and transferring is divided into categories, vertical circulation category, the levelof cycle-type, multi-cycle-type, flat type of mobile, vertical categories, such as the type of simple movements. Because of its unique and diverse way of parking, has a strong application. It covers an area of the main advantages of small, diverse selection can be combined with site specific characteristics of the design, but also with other means to implement a combination of a high degree of automation, easy operation, management and maintenance is also easier with quantitative parking characteristics.1.2 Plane parking systemIntelligent parking system parking systems for their plane to take the main inductive way IC card readers, so the car park is also called inductive system. At present, China is still in the car park car park is mainly flat, generally built in the basement of buildings, there are a number of public areas such as the Plaza, the road side as the car park, followed by the hotel, enterprises, factories, and other units of their own planning and design of the car park.1.3 Smart parkingIntelligent parking system is also called the vertical lift or elevator-type parking system parking systems. It is a set of equipment, operation, security, monitoring, maintenance, management of the intelligent system as a whole, the touch-screen human-machine interface, operation and use is also very convenient, with intelligent management and charges of the system. Its high degree of intelligence testing and perfecting the service system can be impaired also run zero. It is characterized by the largest original time control functions, the realization of sub-periods, stratified parking control, effectively improve the utilization of parking spaces. Password through the keyboard and the IC card can be realized vehicle access, the process of charging, easy operation and convenient access; and with the city parking system, enabling the city's parking card, and the installation of surveillance systems networking with the area. Another intelligent modular three-dimensional garage have begun to mature, not only to achieve a full modular design, use of intelligent control technology, but also made full use of solar energy technology, energy reserves (energy) technology. Smart Modular three-dimensional garage is no longer a whole building, which is a combination of independent modules, such as parking spaces, lifting devices, such as the smart car parts scattered, when construction of the architecture in a building block as long as the same as the all zero components assembled together, it becomes a standardthree-dimensional garage, with a time-saving and low cost.1.4 Remote-controlled car park management systemIntelligent parking system remote control features of the car park management system is not subject to parking restrictions on the location and direction, as long as the distance between the remote control to openthe door and can be carried under control. Remote control and easy to carry, cheap, easy to install. The main principle is that in the railings and electric machine control box installed on theremote control door controller card and memory card to receive, in use, as long as the correct password for the remote control can control the system. Its products have experienced from the allocation of code and then type the pulse cycle of the development process has matured. Remote-controlled car park management system has been widely used in many European and private residential parking.2 smart parking system characteristics2.1 strict management system chargesArtificial cash for the current charges is not only labor-intensive, low efficiency, and are vulnerable to financial loopholes and cause great loss of cash. The use of IC card management system fees, because fees are recognized by the computer, statistics and records, to avoid errors and cheating, such as a phenomenon, to effectively protect the interests of investors yard.2.2 high-performance securityBecause of the high degree of confidentiality of IC cards, and its encryption spend decades in general computer solution of the time can not, it can not be modeled, from the root system to ensure the credibility and feasibility.2.3 The management of a high degree of safety and soundnessArtificial taking the issue of credit cards where admission card at any time and without omissions recorded, lost car or false lost car occurred from time to time, to the car park management has caused many inconveniences to the parking lot also brought economic losses. Management fees and the use of a computer system, due to various types of card in the computer are detailed records of relevant information; monthly cards and stored value cards can be lost to re-submit a timely manner; hourly rate cardscan also be lost at any time search, the timely processing of .At the same time, the system functions with the image contrast. Both types of parking the vehicle registration number, filing cards, a card dedicated to ensure the safety of parking. When the reader detects vehicle controller, the computer automatically grades and play out this license plate recognition system when the brand re-identification of comparison, the computer screen in real-time display of the number of vehicles out of the population, status, time, and the owner of the information. If the license plate wrong, the computer prompts at any time, and issued a warning not to leave, and other relevant personnel at the scene.2.4 durability and reliablePassive non-contact IC card, the card is generally coil for data transmission and reception of energy use, and all sealed and thereforehave a dust-proof and waterproof function. It should not be read-write heads to avoid the wear and tear tape, interference or failure due to dust accumulation and the head of the phenomenon in general can be used more than 100,000.2.5 Non-contact IC card technology leaderNon-contact IC card is the electromagnetic technology, RF technology, computer technology, code recognition technology integrated application of technology, with excellent water-proof, anti-fouling, anti-oil, anti-corrosion, anti-static and anti-distortion, such as destruction of properties.2.6 establish a good corporate imageGood corporate image is priceless intangible assets, smart parking system, the modernization of the use of high-tech products will no doubt enhance the image and visibility ofproperty management, fee management computer system, in terms of product design, or package system brought about by the nature and management of scientific, management will have to establish a good image, so that virtuous circle of companies who step-by-step, and continuously forge ahead and become a model of scientific management.3 smart parking system equipmentIntelligent parking by the population, export and center management has three major components.3.1 imported parts: the main part of the population by the induction IC card reader, IC card a card machine, intercom extension, video cameras, vehicle sensors, parking detector, the entrance of the control panel, automatic road gates, vehicle detector coil and display parking spaces and so on.3.2 parts exports: exports mainly includes induction by IC card reader, camera, intercom extension, export control panel, automatic road gates, vehicles and vehicle detection coil contrast imaging system.Management Center 3.3: Management fees Management Center computers, monitors, hard disk video recorders, reports, printers, car park management fee component and system software.4 constitutes a smart parking system4.1 parking spaces for display systemThe entire smart parking system is a computerized management system, it needs real-time detection of the parking spaces, the intelligent parking system for this purpose may be to set up a parking space in each detector, through the signal processor into sub-systems managementsoftware, management software by analysis will present thebest parking spaces in the parking spaces to the driver display screen at the same time open spaces and bright lights prompt, suggesting that drivers in this parking. Detector if the parking spaces to the parking garage with no vacancies, the screen display parking "garage fully booked" and the ticket machine shows "full digital garage" and that the vehicle no longer be allowed into the library.4.2 Anti-theft SystemAnti-theft system is a set of parking spaces in various places to install a high-key remote control, which work in parallel parking spaces detector. When the driver stopped the car after the storage operation will be remote control code to the vehicle; when the driver of the bus ready to take the Treasury to operate a remote control decoder to the vehicle. If there is no decoder check car alarm system-related work and linkage alarm or activate video surveillance systems, prevention of vehicle thefts.4.3 Monitoring SystemSurveillance system cameras, controllers, monitors, video recorders composition. The main parking garage for security surveillance, to ensure safe and secure parking.4.4 Image Comparison SystemContrast imaging system consists of cameras, snapshot controller, image processor and other components. When a vehicle or into the library card for the tickets, the capture controller to start a video camera image of the vehicle and the driver together with the votes held by the card or the coexistence of people of the information system of a database. When a vehicle inspection of library card or check, the capture controller again, and start off brand camera photo images, and then with the system database to compare information. If the informationin line road brake automatically released from a column of vehicles; Otherwise, the message is not allowed and automatic alarm.4.5 Export SystemWhen a database of vehicles, the vehicle detector sensor signal out of the Treasury to inform the host computer and prompts the operator to prepare the operation, a video camera at the same time export images of the vehicle identification information and the corresponding number with the computer all the relevant information for comparison , in line with the fee should be calculated automatically and through the toll signs indicate that the driver prompt payment; warning if it does not match, suggesting that vehicle entry fees based on images taken during the manual more than right.Center Management System 4.6 softwareCenter software package management system is the smart parking management system the core of the smart parking system, it functions primarily by strong PC and peripheral equipment such as printers. Management Center can be used as a server device through the bus connection with the subsidiary, the exchange operating data, and data for the operation of automatic statistics, record-keeping. System has a password protection feature to prevent unauthorized management procedures are invasive and have a very strong graphics capabilities, able to plan parking garage, parking spaces occupied by the real-time, import and export, as well as channel opening and closing state of blockade, etc. displayed on the screen, car park to facilitate the management and scheduling. It is not only the construction unit to provide a flexible and effective management style, but also to have the self-maintenancefunction and the expansion of certain functions, in order to adapt to future technology development needs.5 Intelligent parking systemProducts are only to help human beings are becoming more efficient, more convenient and simple to solve the problem. Intelligent parking system as an advanced product is the ultimate human services, it can not be divorced from the principle of people-oriented or advanced technology is a waste. Technology therefore parking should also be in line with local conditions and give full play to all the features of the car park. In addition to the intelligent parking lot outside a number of basic functions should have the following functions.5.1 Induction card(1) long-range sensors;(2) waterproof, Antimagnetic, antistatic, wear-resistant, and information storage capacity, long service life;(3) through the card to pay parking fees, the realization of card functions;(4) to read and write fast, easy to operate;(5) use of non-directional, you can read and write in any direction over the work surface to complete reading and writing;(6) ID card reader and two-way password identification system.5.2 Automatic function(1) accept input signals manually for debugging installation;(2) delay, under-voltage, over-voltage automatic protection;(3) can be a buffer of two lift gate to receive instructions, can be had for cars;(4) gates with RS485 communication interface, an acceptable management fee of the direct control of the computer;(5) unloading device, in order to prevent external damage;(6) with anti control system, ensure the safety of vehicles;(7) photoelectric switch stroke control to replace the mechanical trip switch, long life;(8) compatibility, and to ensure that the needs of different types of customers;(9) with a balance to ensure the operation of light, smooth, small input power;(10) additional emergency manual device to prevent the occurrence of accidents;(11) circuit-wide non-contact control system, ensure the safety of vehicles.5.3 Import and Export function boxes(1) whether the perception of vehicles, car-free or not issuing card reader;(2) temporary user key access cards, access cards do not spit out the card in the specified time automatically close cards, card to avoid wastage;(3) usually show the clock and date;(5) identification card reader, alarm lights are null and void;(6) system at any time sensor reading into the ballot box has been the region's proximity card without lawful authority, a one-time read the card on the card type, card number, report the loss signs, sign into the game, the validity of such data, sent to CPU processing, in accordance with the type of card into the corresponding process, showing card number and state;(7) show the monthly card is valid and the card status (active, expired, report the loss or appearance into state);(8) non-real-time network control panel can operate both the effective operation of all built-in memory, database archiving,and preservation of more than 6000 records. Data can be recorded at any time by the administrator or have permission to access and uninstall leadership.Car park management software 5.4(1) image to identify a two-way comparison function;(2) property management system can read data, automatic generation of cards out of authority;(3) special treatment of special features of vehicles;(4) auto-complete temporary card charges, the effective monthly card release function;(5) set up a variety of billing methods, users choose their own settings;(6) when the graphics card type card reader and card status (active, expired, report the loss, into the state of play, etc.);。
智能停车场管理系统设计毕业论文
智能停车场管理系统设计毕业论文目录第一章绪论...................................... 错误!未定义书签。
第二章停车场总述................................ 错误!未定义书签。
第三章本方案设计依据： (4)第四章系统设计原则及目标 (5)设计原则 (5)系统设计目标 (5)第五章系统设计 (6)设计思路 (6)第六章系统功能概述及主要特性 (7)智能停车场系统具有以下的详细特点 (7)系统基本功能及特点 (7)主要特性 (8)图像识别系统 (9)红绿灯单通道系统(可选配) (9)软件部分主要功能 (11)第七章系统的构成与设计 (13)系统结构图 (13)系统拓扑结构图 (14)第八章系统主要设备简介 (15)自动道闸(挡车器)PS-206 (15)出入口远距离读卡机PS-410（可选配件） (17)出入口机柜PS-610 (18)车辆检测器PS-502 (18)自动吐(发)卡机PS-504A (19)LED显示屏PS-5011 (19)主控制盒PS-507 (20)读卡器PS-440 (20)产品信息：传输频率：125KH Z (20)第十一章停车场设备分布图 (22)第九章总结 (23)致谢 (26)参考文献 (27)第一章绪论近年来，随着社会的进步和发展，车辆也在迅速增加，城市交通的瓶颈不仅体现在道路交通的拥挤上，也体现在传统停车场管理效率和安全性大大滞后于社会的需要，给人们的生活带来了极大的不便。
尤其，我国现代化进程的不断加快，私家车的数量急剧增加，各类停车场的车流量不断增多，对机动车的保管越来越成为社会倍受关注的问题，与之配套的停车场管理系统应运而生。
停车场管理系统本着安全性、可靠性、实用性、开放性、可扩充性、高效性、智能化的指导思想和分布式结构进行设计，规划好系统硬件和软件功能模块的分工和协调。
随着汽车工业的迅猛发展，我国汽车拥有量急剧增加。
智能停车场收费管理系统设计毕业论文
智能停车场收费管理系统设计毕业论文目录中文摘要....................................... 错误!未定义书签。
英文摘要....................................... 错误!未定义书签。
目录. (I)引言 (1)1.项目概况 (2)2.设计原则 (2)3.设计依据 (4)4.系统概述 (5)6.出入口设计选择 (5)6.1停车场识别技术选择 (6)6.1.1非接触式IC卡 (6)6.1.2 RFID远距离无源感应卡 (7)6.1.3 车牌自动识别 (8)6.2系统设计 (9)6.3车辆进出流程 (10)6.3.1进场示意图 (10)6.3.2出场示意图 (11)7.系统设备介绍 (12)7.1出入口控制主机 (12)7.2自动道闸 (13)7.3对讲主机 (15)7.4临时卡计费器 (15)7.5车辆检测器 (15)7.6通讯卡 (16)7.7 IC卡发行器 (17)7.8系统使用的卡片种类 (17)8.系统主要性能参数 (18)9.系统管理软件 (19)9.1 系统软件组成 (19)9.2 特点 (20)结论 (21)参考文献 (22)附录：图纸 (23)致谢 (24)引言近年来，随着社会的进步和发展，车辆也在迅速增加，城市交通的瓶颈不仅体现在道路交通的拥挤上，也体现在传统停车场管理效率和安全性大大滞后于社会的需要，给人们的生活带来了极大的不便。
尤其，我国现代化进程的不断加快，私家车的数量急剧增加，各类停车场的流量不断增加，对机动车的保管越来越成为社会备受关注的问题，与之配套的停车场管理系统应运而生，停车场管理系统本着安全性、可靠性、实用性、开放性、可扩充性、高效性、智能化的指导思想和分布式结构进行设计，规划好系统硬件和软件功能模块的分工和协调。
随着汽车工业的迅猛发展，我国汽车拥有量急剧增加。
停车场作为交通设施的组成部分，随着交通运输的繁忙和不断发展，人们对其管理的要求也不断提高，都希望管理能够达到方便、快捷以及安全的效果。
Intelligent-parking-system智能停车场系统大学毕业论文英文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：智能停车场系统文献、资料英文题目：Intelligent parking system 文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14Intelligent parking systemAbstractThe basic concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are discussed in this paper. The proposed intelligent’’ parking space inventory control system that is based on a combination of fuzzy logic and integer programming techniques makes ‘‘on line’’ decisions whether to accept or reject a new driver's request for parking. In the first step of the proposed model, the best parking strategies are developed for many different patterns of vehicle arrivals. These parking strategies are developed using integer programming approach. In the second step, learn-ing from the best strategies, specific rules are defined. The uniqueness of the proposed approach is that the rules are derived from the set of chosen examples assuming that the future traffic arrival patterns are known. The results were found to be close to the best solution assuming that the future arrival pattern is known.Keywords: Traffic; Uncertainty modeling; Control; Parking; Fuzzy logic 1.IntroductionEvery day a significant percentage of drivers in single-occupancy vehicles search for a parking space. Additionally, less experienced drivers or out-of-towners further contribute to the increase of traffic congestion. Search for a vacant parking space is a typical example of a search process. Every parking search strategy is composed of a set of vague rules. It is usually difficult to describe these rules explicitly. The type of the planned activity, time of a day, day of the week, current congestion on particular routes, knowledge of city streets, and potentially available parking places have significant influence on a chosen parking search strategy. During the last four decades numerous parking search models have been developed (Vander Goot, 1982; Axhausen and Polak, 1991; Polak and Axhausen, 1990; Young et al., 1991a,b; saltzman, 1997;Shoup, 1997; Steiner, 1998; Thompson and Richardson, 1998; Arnott and Rowse, 1999; Tam and Lam, 2000; Wong et al., 2000; Waterson et al., 2001). In many decision-making situations in transportation (modal split, choice of air carrier, choice of airport, etc.) the competitive alternatives and their characteristics are reasonably well known in advance to the decision maker (passenger, driver). On the other hand, the drivers usually discover diffierent parking alternatives one by one in a temporal sequence. Clearly, this temporal sequence has a very strong influence on the driver's final decision about the parking placeDuring the past two decades, traffic authorities in many cities (Helsinki, Cologne, Mainz, Stuttgart, Wiesbaden, Aalborg, Hague) have started to inform and guide drivers to parking facilities with real-time var-iable message signs [directional arrows, names of the parking facilities, status (full, not full, number of available parking spaces, etc.)]. Information about the number of available parking spaces could be displayed on the major roads, streets and intersections, or it could be distributed through the Internet.It is logical to ask the question about the benefits of the parking guidance systems. Current practice shows that parking guidance systems usually do not change the occupancy rate or average parking duration. Drivers easily become familiar with the parking guidance systems, and majority of them use, thrust and appreciate the help of the systems. Guidance systems significantly increase the probability of finding vacant parking space, mitigate frustration of the drivers–visitors unfamiliar with the city center, decrease the queues in front of parking garages, decrease the total amount of vehicle-miles traveled (particularly in the city centers), decrease the average trip time, energy consumption, and air pollution. Parking guidance system is a part of comprehensive parking policy and traffic management system, whose other elements are streetparking control (including sanctions for the illegally parked vehicles), parking fare structure, and parking revenue management system.Parking guidance systems help drivers to find vacant parking spaces when they are already on the network, and approaching their final destination. Throughout this research the concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are proposed. Such systems would help drivers to find a vacant parking space even before beginning their trip. The proposed ‘‘intelligent’’parking space inventory control system that is based on the combination of simulation, optimization techniques, and fuzzy logic makes ‘‘real-time’’ decisions as to whether to reject or accept a new request for parking. The proposed methodology could be applied for parking lots and parking garages in cities and at the big international airports.The paper is organized as follows:1. Parking-pricing problems are presented in Section 2. Analogies between parking problems and some other industries are presented in Section 3. The parking revenue management system is introduced in Section 4, and the Intelligent parking space inventory control system is introduced in Section 5. The algorithm to create intelligent parking spaces inventory control system is presented in Section 6. Results obtained with the ‘‘intelligent’’ parking system are given in Section 7, and Sec-tion 8 presents the concluding remarks and further research orientations.2.parking pricingIn majority of cities throughout the world drivers pay for using different parking facilities. In some instances, traffic congestion can be significantly reduced as a result of parking price. The parking revenue is usually used to cover parking facility costs (access gates, ticket printers, parking meters, parking signs, attendants), or to improve some other traffic and transportation activities. Different parking pricingstrategies should be a part of the comprehensive solution approach to the complex traffic congestion problems. There is no doubt that parking pricing represents one of the important demand management strategies. For example, traffic authorities, local governments and private sector could introduce higher parking tariffs for solo drivers or for long-term parkers in congested city areas. They could provide special parking discounts to vanpoolers. Obviously parking pricing should be carefully studied in the context of the considered city area (down-town, residential, commercial, retail use areas).In some cities (Madison, Wisconsin) there are already time dependent parking fees that force commuters to switch to diffierent alternatives of public transportation (/bcp/Parking.html). Trying to promote public transit San Francisco traffic authorities increased parking tariffs at public and commercial garages. The Chicago authorities raised parking rates few times (/fta/library/planning/tdmstatus/ftaprkng.htm). As a consequence, the total number of cars parked significantly decreased, as well as parking duration time. The greatest decrease was in the number of all day parkers. Authorities in Seattle significantly reduced parking tariffs for carpool at two Seattle parking facilities in downtown (/DOCS/mtp17b.html). Active role in parking pricing strategies could also have employers paying for employees' parking. Employers who remove parking subsidies for the employees could significantly decrease the total number of solo drivers. The main role of any parking pricing strategy should be reducing the total number of vehicle trips during certain time periods, shifting commuters to alternative transportation modes, and to different parking locations. At the same time, when trying to implement any parking strategy, it is very important to provide enough parking space for shoppers, to providepreferential parking for residents in considered city area, to provide preferential parking for different parking locations, to consider low income families, and to protect streets in the neighborhood from illegal parking.The basic economic concepts of supply and demand should be more utilized when solving complex traffic congestion and parking problems (Vickrey, 1969, 1994; Verhoef et al., 1995). So-called value pricing is also known as congestion pricing, or variable tolling. The basic idea behind the concept of congestion pricing is to force drivers to travel and use transportation facilities more during off-peak hours and less during peak hours. The idea of congestion pricing is primarily connected with the road (drivers pay for using private, faster roads, drivers with lower vehicle occupancy pay for using High Occupancy Vehicle lanes, drivers pay more to enter city's downtown on weekdays) or airport operators (more expensive landing fees during peak hours). In the context of parking problems, this means: (a) that different parking tariffs should exist for different users; (b) that the parking fees should increase and/or decrease few times during a day.3.Parking problems and revenue management systems: Analogies with some other industriesAirline industry, hotels, car rental, rail, cruise, healthcare, broadcast industry, energy industry, golf,equipment rental, restaurant, and other industries are utilizing revenue management concepts when selling their products (Cross, 1997). Revenue management could be described as a group of different scientific techniques of managing the company revenue when trying to deliver the right product to the right client at the right price at the right time. The roots of the revenue management are in the airline industry. The basic characteristics of the industries to which different revenue management concepts weresuccessfully applied are: (a) variable demand over time; (b) variable asset utilization; (c) perishable assets; (d) limited resources; (e) market segmentation; (f) adding new capacity is expensive, difficult or impossible; (g) direct cost per client is negligible part of the total cost of making service available; (h) selling products in advance. The main characteristics of the parking space inventory control problems are the following:· Parking demand is variable over time.· Like hotel rooms, or restaurant chairs, parking spaces also have daily opportunity to be ‘‘sold’’ (used by clients).·Any parking lot or garage has limited number of parking spaces that can be used by drivers· Market segmentation means that different customers are willing to pay different prices for the same asset (hotel room, airline seat, seat in a rented car). Businessman wanting to park a car near a meeting point 15 minutes before the meeting would be ready to pay much higher parking fee than a pensioner planning to walk with his wife through the downtown, who made parking reservation four day in advance.· Building new garages and parking lots could be very expensive and sometimes very difficult.· Parking places can be easily reserved in advance.Introducing and developing parking reservation system (created in an Internet and cell phone environ-ment) would present further improvement in modern parking technologies. Drivers would be advised and guided before beginning of the trip, as well as during the trip. Parking reservation system should be coupled with the parking revenue management system. In this way, parking operators and traffic authorities would be able to implement different parking strategies. Once the driver is allowed to park, it is possible to implement internal garage guidance system that guidesthe driver to an empty parking place.4.Introducing parking revenue management systemLet us assume that we have parking reservation system. Drivers make their requests for parking at random moments of time (by phone from home, by cell phone while driving, through the Internet, etc.).A certain number of drivers would maybe cancel their reservations before beginning of the parking.These cancellations would also be made at random moments of time. Like in some other industries, a certain number of drivers would not appear in parking garage for which they have a con-firmed reservation and purchased ticket. Would these drivers be penalized for their behavior? Depending on ration between parking demand and parking supply, the answer could be ‘‘Yes’’ or ‘‘No’’.Reservation system should be flexible enough allowing some drivers to appear right before wished beginning of parking, looking for an empty space in a garage, even though they do not have a confirmed reservation. Would it be good to have few different parking tariffs? The answer is obviously ‘‘Yes’’. Drivers paying lower parking tariffs could be disabled and senior citizens, people who reserve parking space few days in advance, or HOV drivers. Drivers paying higher tariffs could be solo drivers, long term parking drivers, or drivers showing up and asking for parking without making reservation in advance. Obviously, there is a lot of possible parking pricing strategies.The stochastic nature of reservation generation and cancellation, the stochastic nature of driver show-up during reserved time slot, variety of parking tariffs, and the need to respond to drivers' requests in real time, indicate that the management of parking garage revenues represents a complex problem.In the past 30 years a relatively large number of papers have been devoted to different aspects of the air-line seat inventory controlproblem (Littlewood, 1972; Belobaba, 1987; Brumelle and McGill, 1993; Teodorovic et al., 2002). The model proposed in this paper is highly inspired by the developed airline yield management stochastic and/or deterministic models.Let us assume that we have few different parking tariffs. The simplest reservation system (similar to some airline reservation systems in the past) could be ‘‘distinct tariff class parking space inventories’’ (Fig. 1(a)),indicating separate parking spaces in the garage for each tariff class. In this case, once the parking space is assigned to a tariff class, it may be booked only in that tariff class or else remains unsold. There are certain advantages, as well as certain disadvantages in the case of distinct parking space inventories. In this case users paying lower tariffs would be relatively well ‘‘protected’’. In other words, this system would pay a lot of attention to the disabled person, senior citizens, people who reserve parking space few days in advance, and HOV drivers. Obvious disadvantage of the distinct parking space inventories is the fact that very often some parking spaces assigned to lower tariff users would be empty even the higher tariff users demand is very high. In other words, it would be possible to reject some drivers even all parking spaces in garage are not occupied.BL1BL2CBLm(a)BL1=CBL2BLm(b)Fig.1In case of a ‘‘nested reservation system’’, the high tariff request will not be rejected as long as any parking spaces are available in lower tariff classes. For example, if we have four tariff classes, then there is no booking limit for class 1, but there are booking limits (BLi, i = 2, 3, . . ., m) for each of the remaining three classes (Fig. 1(b)). As we can see from Fig. 1(b), all parking spaces are always available to class 1. There are always a certain number of parking spaces protected for class 1, certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1 and 2, and certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1, 2 and 3. If we make a request-by-request revision of booking limits, there is no longer a difference between distinct and nested reservation system.In this research (like in the paper of Teodorovic´ et al., 2002) an attempt was made to make reservation decisions on the ‘‘request-by-request’’ basis. In the scenario that we consider, we assume that there are more than two types of tariffs. The basic characteristic of the parking space inventory control model that we propose is ‘‘real-time’’ decision making about each driver request. The developed model is called an ‘‘intelligent’’ parking space inventory control system.智能停车场系统摘要：本文讨论停车预订系统和停车收入管理系统的基本概念.拟议的智能停车空间的库存控制系统，基于模糊逻辑和整数规划技术相结合，使“上线”决定是否接受或拒绝新的驱动程序的停车要求。
智能停车系统设计毕业论文
智能停车系统设计毕业论文目录第1章概述................................................... - 1 - 1.1智能停车的背景及意义. (1)1.1.1 引言................................................... - 1 -1.1.2 背景及意义............................................. - 1 - 1.2单片机发展综述. (3)第2章方案选型设计............................................. - 6 - 2.1题目分析. (7)2.2引导方案设计 (7)2.2.1 引导小车传感器选择..................................... - 7 -2.2.2 发现车库传感器选择..................................... - 8 - 2.3避障电路的选择 (10)2.4车库停车电路的选择 (11)2.5显示器的选择 (12)2.6电机的选择 (13)2.7驱动电机电路的选择 (14)第3章智能停车系统设计........................................ - 15 - 3.1设计原理 (15)3.2单片机最小系统 (17)3.3红外寻迹电路 (18)3.4红外避障电路 (20)3.5光源检测电路 (23)3.6显示电路 (24)3.7电机驱动电路 (26)第4章智能停车系统程序设计.................................... - 28 - 4.1程序. (28)4.1.1 主程序流程图.......................................... - 28 - 4.2程序设计 (29)4.2.1 检查光源程序.......................................... - 29 -4.2.2 避障程序.............................................. - 30 -4.2.3 入库程序.............................................. - 30 -4.2.4 显示程序.............................................. - 30 - 总结.......................................................... - 32 - 致谢.......................................................... - 33 - 参考文献........................................................ - 34 - 附录1:智能停车场系统原理图 ..................................... - 36 - 附录2：停车场设计图 ............................................ - 37 -附录3：智能停车场系统程序清单 .................................. - 38 -第1章概述1.1 智能停车的背景及意义1.1.1 引言随着汽车工业的迅速发展，关于汽车的研究也就越来越受人关注。
智能停车场毕业设计
智能停车场毕业设计【篇一：智能停车系统设计毕业论文】摘要自动停车系统是一种通过探测车辆周围环境信息来找到合适的停车位，从而控制车辆的转向、速度，使得车辆能够自主驶入停车位的系统。
相比于人工停车事故率高、传统倒车雷达智能度低，自动停车系统提高了车辆的智能化水平和安全性，进一步降低了新手司机驾驶车辆的难度，也为将来实现车辆的自动驾驶打下基础。
一个有效的智能停车系统，不仅能帮助驾驶者快速、安全地完成停车操作，从而减轻驾驶员负担，减少交通事故，而且能够有效提高汽车的智能化程度，增加汽车的附加值，从而带来巨大的经济效益。
使用at89c52单片机作为小车的主控制器，在该控制器基础上，添加了光电避障电路、测速电路、光源引导电路和电机驱动电路，从而实现了智能停车系统设计。
该系统结构简单、成本低，并在实验室中取得了预期的效果，能够使小车进入指定的停车位。
关键词：单片机传感器电动转向自动停车abstractautomatic parking system is a kind of through the detection vehicle environment information to find parking spaces, so asto control the vehicles steering, speed, makes the vehicle to independent into parking spaces system. compared to artificial parking accident rate is high, the traditional reversing radar intelligence degree is low, automatic parking system improves the level of the intelligent vehicle and safety, further reduce the novice driver driving the vehicles difficulty, also for the futureof the vehicle to realize automatic drive to lay thefoundation.an effective intelligent parking system, not only can help drivers quickly and safely complete parking operation, so as to lighten the burden, reduce the number of traffic accidents, but also can effectively improve the car intelligent degree, increase the added value of car, so as to bring huge economic benefits. use of at89c52 single chip microcomputer as main controller of the car, in the controller basis, add the photoelectric obstacle avoidance circuit, speed circuit, light guide circuit and motor drive circuit, and thus realizes the intelligent parking system design. the system structure issimple, the cost is low, and in the lab has achieved expected effect, can make the car into the designated parking space. keywords：scmsensorelectric steeringautomatic parking目录第1章概述 ................................................... - 1 -1.1 智能停车的背景及意义 ........................................ - 1 -1.1.1 引言................................................... - 1 -1.1.2 背景及意义............................................. - 1 -1.2 单片机发展综述 .............................................. - 3 -第2章方案选型设计 ............................................. - 7 -2.1 题目分析 .................................................... - 7 -2.2 引导方案设计 ................................................ - 7 -2.2.1 引导小车传感器选择..................................... - 7 -2.2.2 发现车库传感器选择..................................... - 8 -2.3 避障电路的选择 ............................................. - 10 -2.4 车库停车电路的选择 ......................................... - 12 -2.5 显示器的选择 ............................................... - 12 -2.6 电机的选择 ................................................. - 13 -2.7 驱动电机电路的选择 ......................................... - 14 -第3章智能停车系统设计 ........................................ - 16 -3.1 设计原理 ................................................... - 16 -3.2 单片机最小系统 ............................................. - 17 -3.3 红外寻迹电路 ............................................... - 19 -3.4 红外避障电路 ............................................... - 20 -3.5 光源检测电路 ............................................... - 23 -3.6 显示电路 ................................................... - 24 -3.7 电机驱动电路 ............................................... - 26 -第4章智能停车系统程序设计 .................................... - 29 -4.1 程序 ....................................................... - 29 -4.1.1 主程序流程图.......................................... - 29 -4.2 程序设计 ................................................... - 30 -4.2.1 检查光源程序.......................................... - 30 -4.2.2 避障程序.............................................. - 30 -4.2.3 入库程序.............................................. - 31 -4.2.4 显示程序.............................................. - 31 - 总结 .......................................................... - 33 - 致谢 .......................................................... - 34 - 参考文献 ........................................................ - 35 - 附录1:智能停车场系统原理图 ..................................... - 36 - 附录2：停车场设计图 ............................................ - 37 - 附录3：智能停车场系统程序清单 .................................. - 38 -第1章概述1.1 智能停车的背景及意义随着汽车工业的迅速发展，关于汽车的研究也就越来越受人关注。
智能停车场管理系统毕业论文
关键词：智能管理，车牌识别，车位诱导，车辆检测
DESIGN OFTHEPARKINGINTELLIGENTMANAGEMENTSYSTEM
ABSTRACT
This design is a type of single chip microcomputer AT89C51 as the controller chip intelligent parking system, mainly is aims at the vehicle induction and vehicle detection system. The system of pass in and out of the parking lot coils vehicle detection and control brake rod machine automatic ups and downs, and have parking display and audio function. The system with IC card and image processing device can monitor form a complete set of intelligent parking system, so as to realize intelligent management of large parking lot. In the design of the vehicle detection is the key said of design principle, and the corresponding hardware interface circuit and software programming essentials.
基于单片机的智能停车系统的管理本科毕业论文设计
智能停车场管理系统摘要随着中国汽车工业的发展和鼓励轿车进入家庭及一系列相关政策的实施，特别事伴随着大城市经济的发展和城市现代化水平的提高，城市静态交通问题越来越突出。
解决城市交通堵塞和停车难的问题，已经成为影响和制约城市建设和经济发展的一个重要因素。
但我国停车场水平相对世界其他国家而言比较落后，大部分都事以投入大量人力为前提的，随着社会水平的不断提高以及人们的时间观念的提高，人们对停车场的要求也越来越高，例如存（取）车的时间尽量缩短、入场无需停车、智能收费、停车诱导、车位定位以及视频防盗系统、usp不间断电源供电等。
本文基于RFID智能识别和高速的视频图像和存储比较相结合，通过计算机的图像处理和自动识别，对车辆进出停车场的收费、保安和管理等，以实现全方位智能管理。
关键词：智能管理，射频（RFID），车牌自动识别，不停车进场，智能计费Intelligent Parking Management SystemABSTRACTWith the development of China's auto industry and encourage car into the family and a series of policy implementation, particularly things along with the big city economic development and raising the level of urban modernization, urban static traffic problems has become increasingly prominent. To solve urban traffic congestion and difficult parking problems, has become the influence and constraints of urban construction and economic development is an important factor.Relatively backward in the car park level in China is relatively in other countries of the world, most things to a lot of manpower is the prerequisite for the continuous improvement of the social level, as well as the improvement of people's concept of time, people on the parking requirements are also increasingly the higher the deposit (check) car as short as possible, admission without parking, smart charges, parking guidance, parking location, and video security systems, the usp uninterruptible power supply.Based on RFID smart identification and high-speed video images and store the combination of the computer image processing and automatic identification of vehicles entering and leaving the parking fees, security and management in order to achieve the full range of intelligent management.KEY WORDS: Intelligent management，RFID ，Automatic Vehicle Identification 3，Do not stop approach，Intelligent Billing毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。
智能停车场管理系统毕业设计
智能停车场管理系统毕业设计一、引言随着城市化进程的加速和汽车保有量的不断增加，停车场的管理问题日益凸显。
传统的停车场管理方式效率低下、容易出错，已经无法满足现代社会的需求。
因此，开发一款智能停车场管理系统具有重要的现实意义。
二、系统需求分析（一）功能需求1、车辆进出管理能够准确识别车辆的牌照信息，实现快速自动抬杆放行。
2、车位管理实时监测车位的使用情况，为车主提供准确的车位引导。
3、计费管理根据车辆的停放时间和收费标准，自动计算停车费用。
4、数据统计与报表生成对停车场的运营数据进行统计分析，生成各类报表，为管理决策提供依据。
（二）性能需求1、响应速度快保证车辆进出和系统操作的响应时间在合理范围内，避免出现长时间等待的情况。
2、准确性高车辆识别、计费等关键环节的准确性要达到较高水平，减少错误发生。
3、稳定性强系统能够长时间稳定运行，具备容错和恢复能力，应对突发情况。
（三）用户需求1、车主需求提供便捷的停车体验，包括快速找到车位、清晰的计费信息等。
2、管理人员需求方便进行系统管理和维护，能够实时掌握停车场的运营情况。
三、系统设计（一）总体架构设计系统采用分层架构，包括感知层、传输层、数据层、应用层。
感知层通过车牌识别摄像机、车位传感器等设备采集数据；传输层负责将数据传输至数据层；数据层对数据进行存储和处理；应用层为用户提供操作界面和服务。
（二）硬件设计1、车牌识别摄像机选用高分辨率、高识别率的摄像机，确保在各种光照条件下都能准确识别车牌。
2、车位传感器采用地磁传感器或超声波传感器，实时监测车位状态。
3、道闸系统选用快速、稳定的道闸设备，实现车辆的进出控制。
（三）软件设计1、数据库设计建立合理的数据库结构，存储车辆信息、车位信息、计费信息等。
2、应用程序设计开发用户界面友好、功能齐全的应用程序，包括车辆进出管理模块、车位管理模块、计费管理模块、数据统计模块等。
四、系统实现（一）车牌识别技术实现采用深度学习算法对车牌进行识别，通过大量的样本训练提高识别准确率。
最新智能立体车库研究--毕业设计论文
电控系统是现代工业的主流技术，在智能立体车库中也是不可获取的核心部分。在本章节中，我首先介绍并了解了智能立体车库的主要类型，分析利弊。然后对车库的存取车的方案进行详细的分析，最后结合系统的运行特点，改进其电气控制的方案和车库的设计要求。
2.1立体车库的分类
智能车库的出现大幅度的增加了停车容量，增加了停车费用，促进了经济发展，作为集成科学技术的产物，立体车库的机械设备系统独树一帜。
1.1智能车库的简介
智能车库是高科技的产物，集百家之所长，系统的维护，设备的保养与管理，动态的实时监控，大大提高了车库的智能化。分时控制功能，实现分时段，分层泊车控制便是该系统最大的亮点，不浪费每一个空闲车位。智能化车库利用计算机的智能控制，实现存取车的业务，也可以看做是一个自动化的物流储运系统。
当车开到车库门口，刷卡存车，此时车库门打开，将车停放在指定位置，由红外扫描获取汽车大小数据，为车主匹配一个最佳停车方案，再由载车盘通过机械传动系统移动到指定位置。当车主再次刷卡，IC读卡器识别卡内信息，成功交费后，车主取车离开。
科学的发展推动了PLC技术日益进步，车库利用PLC技术，绝大程度上解决了工作效率差、自动化程度低，系统的管理不足的缺点。智能车库的出现是当代科技的最具代表性的产物，它不但缓解了闹市中的交通拥挤，并且秉着“节约环保”的理念，占地少，空间利用率大，最主要的是它的出现为都市建设给予了不可忽略的帮助。城市让生活更美好，科技让生活充满精彩。
1 绪论
随着国家经济的繁荣，私家车越来越普遍，同时也引出了停车的一系列问题，为了解决停车问题，智能车库成了解决问题的最好方案，一个全新的行业，它占地面积少，安全可靠，停车效率高，高效低能环保，人性化设计使人们的生活更加的美好。智能车库必定会形成未来的停车主流，淘汰了原始的露天停车场，方便，快捷是科技为人类服务的唯一标配。