2015职称英语_教材新增文章逐词翻译_综合类
2015年职称英语A级新增文章(有翻译)Men Smell of Cheese and Women of Onions
Men Smell of Cheese and Women of Onions男人闻出奶酪味，女人嗅出洋葱味Little girls may be made of sugar and all things nice, 小女孩闻起来可能有糖、香料和所有好东西的味道，but their armpits smell of onions.但是她们的腋下却闻起来像洋葱。
And while free of slug or snail odours, men’s armpits pack a powerful cheesy whiff.男人的腋下虽然没有鼻涕虫或者蜗牛的味道，但是却有一股奶酪的气味。
That’s the conclusion of research in Switzerland that involved taking armpit sweat samples from 24 men and 25 women after he had spent time in a sauna or ridden an exercise bike for 15 minute.这是一项来自瑞士的研究结论，研究中的24位男士和25位女士在一段时间的桑拿或15分钟的骑车锻炼后，腋下的气味就被收集作为样本。
The researchers found marked differences in the sweat from men and women. 研究者发现男人和女人腋下的气味有很大不同。
“Men smell of cheese, and women of grapefruit or onion,”“男人的闻起来更像奶酪，女人的闻起来更像葡萄柚或者洋葱”，says Christian Starkenmann of Firmenich, a company in Geneva that researches flavours and perfumes for food and cosmetics companies. 来自Firmenich 的Christian Starkenmann 说道。
2015年职称英语考试卫生类C级新增加文章及全文翻译(全)
第五篇 Tracking Down HIVIn the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells.By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died.In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsiblefor2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infected people. Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed, then perhaps it can be eradicated3, but it is still a race against time.词汇：spot n. 地点，斑点，斑块，青春痘lymph n. 淋巴结sarcoma n. 肿瘤，肉瘤，恶性毒瘤exhaustion n. 衰竭，耗尽，精疲力竭immunologist n.免疫学家malfunction n. 故障，失灵，疾病count n. 计数，计算infection n. 传染病，感染breakdown n. 故障，衰弱，崩溃toll n. 代价，死亡人数intravenous drug n. 静脉注射药物abnormalities n. (abnormality的复数形式)畸形，异常情况blood transfusion n. 输血symptom n.症状virologist n. 病毒学家virus n. 病毒panel n.座谈小组，仪表板hemophiliac n. 血友病患者vaccine n. 疫苗注释：1．play a key role...扮演一个关键角色，有至关重要的作用2．be responsible for...对……负责，是……的原因3．can be eradicated可以被根除的练习：1．This passage is mainly about ____.A the spreading of the disease known as HIVB the work of Dr. Robert GalloC infectious diseasesD the symptoms of HIV2．A T-cell is a ____.A patient’s bloodB deadly strain of tuberculosisC white blood cell important in providing immunity to diseaseD red blood cell3．The final paragraph leads the reader to see that scientists ____.A have no hope in ever finding a cure for HIVB have hope that a cure for HIV will be foundC have run out of time to find a cure for HIVD are in a contest against each other to find a cure for HIV4．The basic pattern used to develop this passage is ____.A chronological orderB personal narrativeC comparison and contrastD question and answer5．The word u eradicated the last paragraph means ____.A made extremeB celebratedC remove by rubbingD gotten rid of entirely答案与题解：1．A从开篇的病例介绍，到后面感染人数的不断上升可以推断出，这篇文章的主旨是讲艾滋病病毒在美国的传播。
2015职称英语_教材精讲_综合_王霞_完形_第12讲
学派网2015年职称英语课程(综合类)主讲人：王霞学派网2015年职称英语课程(综合类)第四篇 A Success Story(选自完形填空)A Success StoryAt（在）19, Ben Way is already（已经）a millionaire, and one of a growing（增长中的）number（数字）of teenagers who have (1) made their fortune（获得财富）through（通过）the Internet. (2) What (什么) makes（使得）Ben‘s story all the more（愈加）remarkable（引人注意的）is that he is dyslexic, and was (3) told (被告知) by（被）teachers at（在）his junior school that he would never be able to read or（或者）write (4) properly (正确地). “I wanted to prove（证明）them (5) wrong (错了) ”, says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch, a net search（搜索）engine which can be used to find（查找）goods in（在……里）online shopping malls.A Success StoryWhen（当……时）he was eight, his local authorities (6) provided (提供) him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was (7) unable (不能够) to read（阅读）the manuals, he had a natural（天生的）ability with（对）the computer, and (8) encouraged (受到鼓励)by（被）his father, he soon began (9) charging (收费)people ￡10 an hour for（为）his knowledge and skills. At（在）the age of 15 he (10) set up (建立) his own（自己的）computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran（运营）from his bedroom, and two years later（之后）he left（离开）school to (11) devote (投入) all his time to business（生意）.A Success Story“By（到……为止）this time the company had grown and I needed to take on（雇佣）a (12) couple (几个) of employees to help me”, says Ben. “That enabled（使……能够）me to start (13) doing (做) business with（与）bigger companies.” It was his ability to consistently (14) overcome (克服) difficult （困难）challenges that led（引导）him to win（赢得）the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in（在）the same year that he formed Waysearch, and he has recently signed（签署）a deal（交易）(15) worth (价值) ￡25 million with（与）a private investment company, which will finance（提供资金）his search engine.。
2015年职称英语试题及答案：《综合类》
1.The news will horrify everyone. A.attract B.terrify C.tempt D.excite 2.The article sketched the major events of the decade. A.described B.offered C.outlined D.presented 3.I won’t tolerate that kind of behavior. A.bear B.receive C.admit D.take 4.Their style of playing football is utterly different. A.barely B.scarcely C.hardly D.totally 5.Her sister urged her to apply for the job. A.advised B。
caused C.forced D.promised 6 I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan. A making B keeping C implementing D changing 7 Mr. Johnson evidently regarded this as a great joke. A readily B casually 8 We all think that Mary's husband is a very boring person. A shy B stupid C selfish D dull 9 The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. A promote B paint C polish D produce 10 they only have a limited amount of time to get their points across. A large B total C similar D small 11. During the Second World War, all important resources in the U. S. were allocated by the federal government. A nationalized B commandeered C taxed D distributed 12. The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts. A very strong B very long C very great D very fast 13. The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte. A elegantly B genuinely C intentionally D thoroughly 14. The number of the United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase. A encouraged B enforced 15. Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization, A stated firmly B argued light-mindedly C thought seriously D announced regrettably 1-5 BCADA 6-10CDDDD 11-15DABDA阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分) 阅读下⾯这篇短⽂，短⽂后列出了7个句⼦，请根据短⽂的内容对每个句⼦做出判断。
2015年职称英语_综合类_国家指定教材_完形填空_所有文章中英文对照版
2015年职称英语_国家指定教材完形填空_所有文章中英文对照版综合类2015年职称英语_国家指定教材_完形填空_所有文章中英文对照版 (2)完形填空文章_综合类_C级 (3)第一篇 A Life with Birds【有鸟陪伴的生活】 (3)第二篇 A Lucky Break【幸福的骨折】 (5)第三篇Global Warming 【全球变暖】 (6)第四篇 A Success Story【一个成功的故事】 (8)第五篇Traffic in Our Cities 【城市的交通】 (10)完形填空文章_综合类_B级 (12)第六篇Teaching and Learning【教与学】 (12)第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer 【人与电脑的区别】 (14)第八篇Look on The Bright Side 【看光明的一面】 (16)第九篇The First Bicycle【第一辆自行车】 (18)第十篇Working Mothers 【职业母亲】 (19)完形填空文章_综合类_A级 (21)第十一篇School Lunch【学校午餐】 (21)第十二篇 A Powerful Influence【强大的影响】 (23)第十三篇The Old Gate【古老之门】 (25)第十四篇Family History【家族史】 (27)第十五篇Helen and Martin【海伦和马丁】 (29)完形填空文章课后练习参考答案__综合类 (32)阅读下面的短文。
短文中有十五个空白，在文章的后面，每一个空白都列了四个备选答案。
请根据文章的内容选择合适的词或短语填在空白处。
完形填空文章_综合类_C级第一篇 A Life with Birds【有鸟陪伴的生活】For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's Yeoman Warders, ____1____ known to tourists as Beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the ___2_____ of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. “____3____ our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames. ”says David.The Tower of London is famous ___4____its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was ____5___ the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no ____6____ in accepting it. “The birds have now become my life and I'm always ____7___ of the fact that I am ___8____ a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to ____9____ sure this doesn't happen!”David ____10____about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the ____11____ that he lives right next t o them is ideal. “I can ____12____ a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working.” ____13____, David's wife Mo was not ____14____ on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. “When we look out of our windows we see history ___15_____ around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories. ”文章翻译：有鸟陪伴的生活作为伦敦塔的守卫者之一David Cope在那里工作了近17年，被游客们称为Beefeaters。
2015 年卫生类职称英语ABC级新增文章答案和译文
A HOSPITAL error left a dying man on the wrong ward for two days as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ravaged his body, an inuest heard. Stephen Melvin Newbold suffered massive brain damage when a blood clot formed in his veins. Now his families are considering legal action against York Hospital, saying that his death was “untimely and unnecessary”.
The operation went ahead on November lO,but two days later Mr Newbold suffered a cardiac arrest. A scan revealed he had had a pulmonary embolism,a condition related to DVT. Mr. Newbold suffered brain damage and died in the hospital on November 16.
Mr Newbold, a 52-year-old maintenance worker, went to York Hospital on November 3 complaining of a swollen right foot. He should have been sent to a surgical ward where he would have been treated with1 Fragmin, a drug which counters the effects of DVT. However, hospital staff wrongly admitted him to2 an orthopedic ward, where he stayed for two days, before finally being transferred to the care of a consultant vascular surgeon. Twenty-four hours later, on November 6, doctors decided they would have to operate to remove his leg below the knee.
2015职称英语新增阅读理解逐句翻译版
第九篇AnEssential Scientific ProcessAll life on the earth depends upon green ing sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon theplants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that‟snot all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is usedby the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animalsand other organisms to live.The process of changing light into food and oxygenis called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also usewater and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. Thecarbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. Thecarbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of greenplants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophyllsthat give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules thattrap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide toproduce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of thestomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent ofwater a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. Duringthe daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide toenter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is notneeded. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops.If photosynthesis ceased, there would be littlefood or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. Theearth‟s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essentialfor life on our planet.An Essential Scientific Process参考译文：一个至关重要的科学过程1. All life on the earth depends upon green plants.参考译文：地球上所有的生命都依靠绿色植物生存。
2015年综合类职称英语新增文章
2015年综合类职称英语新增文章注释1. …create a film over the eye ’s surface ：……在眼睛的表面形成一层薄膜。
2. …get it back …：……恢复……3. …act out the whole situation again …：……整个场景重现…… 练习A It may explain why people who are afraid to cry often suffer more h eart attacks than people cry more freely.BIts good to hold back tears during a tense business discussion.C Crying has good effects on the body.D Even when you're not crying, your eyes produce tears.E They practice crying so that they can get used to expressing emotio n.F As children we were sometimes punished for shedding tears or expres sing anger.答案与题解1. D 此空的上一句讲到眼泪很有用，后一句讲到眼泪的具体用处，并且句首是these，所以所填的这句应该有眼泪，根据上下文只有选项D最适合。
选项C与前一句话意思重复。
综合群385443831；理工群385448628；卫生群3854190922. F 下文提到作为成人，我们仍然害怕流泪，所填的这句应该讲我们还是孩子时对流泪的恐惧。
所以，答案是选项F。
3. A 上文讲到哭能够帮助我们发泄心中的强烈情感，所以经常哭的人会比不常哭的人获得某种益处，根据上下文，只有选项A比较贴切。
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综合C阅读判断新增文章第三篇Across the DesertsThe Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa from Senegal to Egypt. The Sahara Desert is an unfriendly environment. During the day it's very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in the Sahara.In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across the Sahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That's a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water.The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn't see. One time they got lost. But they didn't quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished their trip across the Sahara Desert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of the Red Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.Across 穿越the不翻译Desert沙漠参考译文：穿越沙漠1. The Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠is是the不翻译largest最大的desert沙漠in在…里the不翻译world世界.参考译文：撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
2. It它stretches绵延across穿越Africa非洲from从Senegal塞内加尔to到Egypt埃及.参考译文：从塞内加尔到埃及，它横跨了非洲。
3. The Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠is是an一个unfriendly不适宜的environment环境.参考译文：撒哈拉沙漠的环境不是很好。
4. During 在…期间 the 不翻译 day 白天 it's 天气是 very 非常 hot 热的, and 和 at 在 night 晚上 it's 天气是 sometimes 有时 very 非常cold 冷的.参考译文：白天非常热，晚上有时又很冷。
5. It is also difficult to 而且，很难 find 找到 water 水 in 在…里 the 不翻译 Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠.参考译文：而且，在撒哈拉沙漠中很难找到水。
6. In 在 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and 和 Charlie Engle decided 决定 to 去 do 做 something 事情 very 非常difficult 困难的. 参考译文：2006年，Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab 和Charlie Engle 决定做些困难的事情。
7. They 他们 made the decision 做决定 to 去 run 跑步 across 穿越 the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠 4,300 miles 英里 (6,920 km 公里) .参考译文：他们决定跑步穿越4300英里（6920公里）的撒哈拉沙漠。
8. It seemed 看起来 impossible 不可能的 to 去 do 做, but 但是 they 他们 wanted 想 to 去 try 尝试.参考译文：这似乎是不可能完成的，但是他们还是想尝试一下。
9. The three 三个 men 男人 liked 喜欢 to test 考验 themselves 他们自己, and 而且 this 这 would 将 be 是 a 一个 very 非常 big 大的 test 考验.参考译文：他们三人喜欢挑战自己，而这将是一个很大的挑战。
10. On 在 the morning 早上 of 的 November 十一月 2, Kevin, Ray, and 和 Charlie started 开始 their 他们的 trip 旅程across 穿越 the Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠.参考译文：11月2日的早晨，Kevin, Ray 和Charlie 开始了他们跑步穿越大哈拉的旅程。
11. Every 每一的 morning 早晨 they 他们 began 开始 running 跑步 at 在5:00.参考译文：他们每天早晨5点开始跑。
12. At 在 11 a.m 上午, they 他们 stopped 停止 and 和 rested 休息 until 直到 5 p.m 下午.参考译文：到上午11点停下来，休息到下午5点。
15. Then 然后 they 他们 ran 跑步 again 再一次 until 直到 9:30 in 在 the evening 晚上.参考译文：然后他们继续跑到晚上9点半。
16. Each 每一的 day 天 they 他们 ran 跑步 about 大约 40 miles 英里 (64 km 公里).参考译文：他们每天大概跑40英里（64千米）。
17. Every 每一的 day 天 it 它 was 是 the same 同样的 thing 事情.参考译文：每天如此。
18. They 他们 got up 起床 and 和 ran 跑步. 参考译文：他们起床，跑步。
19. They 他们 listened to 听 music 音乐 on 在…上 their 他们的 iPods, and 和 they 他们 ran 跑步 and 和 ran 跑步. 参考译文：听着iPod 里的音乐不停地跑。
20. Kevin, Ray, and 和 Charlie needed 需要 to eat 吃 a lot of 大量的 food 食物 during 在…期间 their 他们的 trip 旅途.参考译文：在旅途中，Kevin, Ray 和Charlie 需要吃很多食物。
21. Most 大多数的 people 人 need 需要 about 大约 2,000 calories 卡路里 of 的 food 食物 each 每一的 day 天.参考译文：大多数的人每天需要2000卡路里的热量。
22. Kevin, Ray, and 和 Charlie needed 需要 between 在…之间 6,000 and 和 9,000 calories 卡路里 every 每一的 day 天.参考译文：Kevin, Ray 和Charlie 每天需要6000-9000卡路里。
23. That's 那是 a lot of 大量的 food 食物!!参考译文：那是很多的食物！24. They 他们 also 也 needed 需要 to drink 喝 a lot of 大量的 water 水.参考译文：他们每天也需要喝大量的水。
25. The three 三个 men 男人 had 有 some 一些 problems 问题 on 在…上 their 他们的 trip 旅途, and 而且 many 许多的 times 次 they 他们wanted 想要 to quit 放弃 and 和 go home 回家.参考译文：三人在途中也出现了很多问题，很多次他们都想放弃回家。
26. It 天气 was 是 often 经常 very 非常 hot 热的 (140°F/60°C) during 在…期间 the day 白天, and 而且 the heat 高温 made 使得them 他们 sick 生病.参考译文：白天通常很热（140华氏度/60摄氏度），高温导致他们生病。