航空气象学 课堂练习1～3章
航空气象习题集
《航空气象》练习题第一章大气的状态及其运动1. 构成大气的基本成分有哪些？二氧化碳和臭氧有什么作用？2. 什么叫气温垂直递减率，什么是等温层和逆温层？3. 大气分层的主要依据是什么，大气可分为哪几层？4. 对流层和平流层有哪些基本特征，它们对飞行有什么影响？5. 什么是标准大气？标准大气有什么作用？6. 引起大气温度变化的原因是什么，什么叫气温的绝热变化？7. 气压随高度是怎样变化的，影响气压随高度变化的因子是什么？8. 什么是本站气压、场面气压、标准海平面气压和修正海平面气压？各有什么用处？9. 气压水平分布的基本形式有哪些？如何根据等压线的分布来判断水平气压梯度的大小？10. 空气湿度指什么？常用的表示空气湿度的物理量有哪些？11. 基本气象要素如何影响飞机性能和仪表指示？12. 在其他条件相同时，含水汽量多的气块与含水汽量少的气块哪个重些？13. 解释“下雪不冷化雪寒”这句谚语。
14. 说明γ、γ、dγ、mγ的物理含意。
15. 地面气温为18℃，一空气块干绝热上升到2 000 m高度时，其温度是多少？再下降到800m高度，其温度又是多少？16. 地面气温为t0，一架飞机上升到离地Z m高，同时地面一未饱和空气块也上升到此高度，求：飞机温度表示度和气块温度的差值。
17. 飞机按气压式高度表指示的一定高度飞行，在飞向高压区时，其实际高度如何变化？飞向低压区时情况又如何？18. 试比较下面两块体积相同的空气块，哪块水汽含量多，哪块饱和程度大？习题18图19. 地面一空气块温度为25︒C，露点17︒C，该空气块需上升多少高度才会饱和？20. 解释：冬季夜间停放在地面的飞机，有时机体表面会结霜；停放在地面过夜的飞机，如油箱未加满油，可能会引起油箱积水。
21. 什么叫风，气象风的风向、风速是如何表示的？22. 形成风的力有哪些，北半球地转偏向力的方向如何？23. 自由大气和摩擦层中的风压定理是如何表述的，区别在哪里？24. 摩擦层中风的变化方式有哪些，变化原因是什么？25. 自由大气中风的变化原因是什么？什么是热成风？26. 山谷风和海陆风是如何形成的？27. 什么是焚风？它会带来什么样的天气？28. 风是如何影响飞行的？29. 空气垂直运动的形式有哪些？30. 什么是对流，对流的发展需要什么条件？31. 什么是对流冲击力，可分为哪两类？32. 什么是大气稳定度，如何判断大气稳定度？33. 画图说明在北半球自由大气中，航线通过低压槽和高压脊时的风向变化情况。
航空法规第1-3章练习题
第1-3章练习题选择题1.对航空法定义描述正确的是：( )Ａ调整民用航空和与民用航空有关的活动Ｂ调整所有航空活动Ｃ专指《中国民用航空法》Ｄ专指《国际民用航空公约》2.国际航空法发展史的萌芽时期是指：( )Ａ法国蒙特哥尔菲热气球发明以前Ｂ美国莱特兄弟发明飞机以前Ｃ第一次世界大战结束前Ｄ第二次世界大战结束前3.航空法发展的活跃时期开始于：( )Ａ1783年Ｂ1914年Ｃ1929年Ｄ1944年4.航空法发展史的不断成熟与完善时期开始于：( )Ａ第一个热气球发明Ｂ巴黎公约缔结Ｃ《华沙公约》缔结Ｄ《国际民用航空公约》缔结5.人类第一架有动力装置重于空气的航空器是指：( )Ａ1783年法国的蒙特高尔夫兄弟发明的飞机Ｂ1903年法国的莱特兄弟发明的飞机Ｃ1903年美国的莱特兄弟发明的飞机Ｄ1919年美国的莱特兄弟发明的飞机6.人类历史上最早的航空活动是指：( )Ａ1783年蒙特高尔夫热气球Ｂ1855年第一个滑翔机Ｃ1903年莱特兄弟发明的飞机Ｄ1919年欧洲各国首都之间陆续通航7.对1919年巴黎公约的描述正确的是：( )Ａ全名是《统一国际航空运输某些规则的公约》Ｂ缔结目的是为了制止航空犯罪Ｃ第一个国际航空法典，具有“开元性”地位Ｄ是现在普遍适用的国际公约8.航空法的渊源最主要的是：( )Ａ多边国际公约Ｂ双边协定Ｃ国内法及法院判例Ｄ国际惯例9.对航空法的特征描述错误的是：( )Ａ具有国际性Ｂ属于公法性质，不包括私法性质Ｃ不能约束国家航空器Ｄ不能约束战争时期的民用航空活动10.关于航空法中的“公法”性质叙述错误的是：()Ａ是指协调国家之间的法律规范Ｂ解决领空主权、领土、国籍、国家关系等Ｃ芝加哥公约和航空刑法属于公法性质Ｄ所有关于民用航空的公约都是公法性质11.国家航空器是指：( )Ａ本国航空器Ｂ公共航空运输企业的航空器Ｃ仅指专机Ｄ用于军事、海关、警察和国家特殊用途12.我国国内航空法规体系构成分几个级别：( )Ａ一个级别Ｂ两个级别Ｃ三个级别Ｄ五个级别13.航空法的作用主要表现在：( )１维护领空主权２确保飞行安全３促进航空运行畅通４保护民用航空当事人各方的合法权益Ａ１２Ｂ１２４Ｃ２３４Ｄ１２３４14.国际航空运输协会（IATA）的性质是：( )Ａ具有同国际民航组织一样的官方地位Ｂ航空公司间的行业组织，是非政府间组织Ｃ是国际民航组织理事会的全称Ｄ是国际民航组织秘书处的全称15.我国制定航空法的首要原则是：( )Ａ领空主权原则Ｂ安全第一原则Ｃ空中畅通有序原则Ｄ经济效益效率原则16.最早承认主权原则的公约是：( )Ａ巴黎公约Ｂ华沙公约Ｃ芝加哥公约Ｄ东京公约17.关于领空范围的描述正确的是：( )Ａ领空是指领土(只包括领陆不包括领水)之上的空气空间，Ｂ国际上一致认为领空的垂直界限为距地面（水面）32公里以下的空间Ｃ国际上一致认为领空的垂直界限为距地面（水面）16000公里以下的空间Ｄ国际航空法对领空的垂直边界存在不同学术派别，尚无定论18.我国对领空享有完全的和排它的主权体现在：( )１外国航空器应遵守飞入或飞经我国领空的限制２对外国民用航空器可以不开放国内运载权３外国航空器应不妨害我国安全并遵守我国法律４外国航空器在我国领空失事搜寻援救和失事调查以我国为主Ａ１２３４Ｂ１２３Ｃ１３４Ｄ2３419.外国民用航空器飞经我国领空应具备的条件是：( )Ａ必须是国际民航公约的缔约国Ｂ应同我国签订双边协定交换过境权或经批准Ｃ必须是联合国成员国Ｄ必须是国际民航组织理事国20.外国民用航空器未经许可擅自飞入我国领空，根据主权原则应：()Ａ将其击落Ｂ拦截并令其在指定机场着陆，对其进行检查Ｃ指挥其尽快飞出我国国境Ｄ继续飞行，补办申请批复手续21.领空的水平范围为领陆加多少海里领海：( )Ａ3海里Ｂ6海里Ｃ12海里Ｄ24海里22.国际民用航空公约关于领空主权原则，正确的是：( )A国际民用航空公约第一次承认B国际民用航空公约不承认主权原则C完全继承巴黎公约的规定未作修改D继承巴黎公约的规定并作了修改23.关于领空范围的描述正确的是：( )Ａ领空是指领土(包括领陆和内河，不包括领海)之上的空气空间Ｂ领空的水平范围是领陆+200海里领海Ｃ某国的防空识别区属该国领空Ｄ某国的专属经济区不属于该国领空24.缔结芝加哥公约时，极力主张航空自由的国家是：( )A中国B英国C美国D法国25.以下哪个区域之上的空气空间属于该国领空：( )A专属经济区B防空识别区C海岸线12海里以内D海岸线200海里以内26.国际民航组织总部设在：( )Ａ蒙特利尔Ｂ芝加哥Ｃ巴黎Ｄ海牙27.关于国际民航组织的性质，叙述正确的是：( )１是联合国系统15个专门机构之一２是负责处理国际民航事务的政府间组织３与国际电信联盟、国际海事组织、万国邮政联盟、世界气象组织业务联系密切４与“国际航空运输协会”一样属于非政府间组织Ａ１２３４Ｂ２３４Ｃ１２３Ｄ１３４28.根据《国际民航公约－附件七》，以下组中都属于航空器的有：( )Ａ气球、飞艇、滑翔机、直升机、飞机Ｂ航天飞机、气垫船、滑翔机、直升机、飞机Ｃ人造卫星、宇宙飞船、空间站、航天飞机Ｄ滑翔机、直升机、飞机、火箭、导弹29.关于飞机与航空器的联系与区别，下列叙述正确的是：( ) １航空器等同于飞机，航空器是飞机的法律术语２飞机只是航空器的一种３飞机是有动力装置的重于空气的航空器４航空器只包括滑翔机、直升机和飞机Ａ１、３Ｂ２、３Ｃ２、３Ｄ２、４30.关于“国家航空器”正确的说法有：( )１用于军事、海关、警察部门的航空器２国家特殊用途的航空器，如专机３租借民航部门的航空器运送军用物资时，其性质变为国家航空器４只要所有权属民航，不管运送何物，其性质始终是民用航空器Ａ１、３Ｂ１、４Ｃ１、２、３Ｄ１、２、４31.关于“民用航空器国籍”正确的是：( )Ａ民用航空器可以不进行国籍登记而投入运行Ｂ民用航空器只能具有一国国籍Ｃ民用航空器国籍不能超过两个Ｄ自外国租赁的民用航空器不能申请我国国籍32.关于“航空器的国籍标志和登记标志”正确的是：( )１从事国际航行的每一航空器应载有适当的国籍标志和登记标志２中国航空器国籍标志为Ｂ３航空器国籍标志只能是数字、字母或两者组合４登记标志必须是字母、数字或者两者的组合Ａ１、２、３、４Ｂ１、２、４Ｃ１、３、４Ｄ１、２33.民用航空器权利登记的内容：( )１所有权２购买占有权３六个月以上租赁占有权４抵押权Ａ１、２、３、４Ｂ１、２、３Ｃ１、２、４Ｄ１、２34.根据中国民航法的规定，关于“民用航空器优先权”正确的观点有：( ) １是指债权人向民用航空器所有人、承租人提出赔偿请求，对产生该赔偿请求的民崐用航空器具有优先受偿的权利２援救该民用航空器的报酬以及保管维护该民用航空器的必需费用具有优先权３民用航空器抵押权先于民用航空器优先权受偿４在执行法院判决以及拍卖过程中产生的费用，应当从拍卖所得价款中先行拨付Ａ１、２、３Ｂ１、２、４Ｃ１、３、４Ｄ２、３、４35.航空器适航性是指：( )Ａ航空器适合空中航行并能保证飞行安全应具备的最低飞行品质特性Ｂ航空器适合空中航行并能保证飞行安全应具备的最高飞行品质特性Ｃ适合航空器空中航行并能保证飞行安全的最低气象标准Ｄ适合航空器空中航行并能保证飞行安全的最高气象标准36.民用航空适航管理是对哪个（哪几个）环节进行管理：( )Ａ使用Ｂ设计、制造Ｃ使用和维修Ｄ设计、制造、使用和维修37.民用航空适航管理是对哪个（哪几个）方面进行管理：( )Ａ航空器、发动机、螺旋桨和航空器上的设备Ｂ航空器、发动机、螺旋桨Ｃ航空器、发动机Ｄ航空器38.关于“初始适航管理”的正确观点有：( )Ａ是对航空器交付使用之后进行的审查、评估、颁发证件和监督检查Ｂ是对航空器取得适航证以后所进行的管理Ｃ是对航空器设计、制造环节所进行的管理Ｄ是对航空器设计、制造、使用和维修四个环节所进行的管理39.关于“持续适航管理”的正确观点有：( )Ａ是对航空器交付使用之前进行的审查、评估、颁发证件和监督检查Ｂ是对航空器取得适航证，并投入营运以后所进行的管理Ｃ是对航空器设计、制造环节所进行的管理Ｄ是对航空器设计、制造、使用和维修四个环节所进行的管理40.以下“国籍和登记标志”和“在我国飞机上出现的部位”正确的是：( ) Ａ“B2518”，机身两侧及左机翼的上表面和右机翼的下表面Ｂ“B2518”，机身两侧及右机翼的上表面和左机翼的下表面Ｃ“B-2518”，机身两侧及左机翼的上表面和右机翼的下表面Ｄ“B-2518”，机身两侧及右机翼的上表面和左机翼的下表面41.以下关于适航管理叙述正确的是：( )①是以保证民用航空器的安全为目标的技术管理②包含民用航空器的设计、制造、使用和维修四个等环节③分为初始适航管理和持续适航管理两个阶段④航空公司只涉及航空器的初始适航管理Ａ①②③Ｂ②③④Ｃ①③④Ｄ①②③④42.关于“民用航空器国籍”正确的是：( )Ａ民用航空器可以不进行国籍登记而投入运行Ｂ我国民用航空器国籍代号是bＣ自外国租赁的民用航空器不能申请我国国籍Ｄ民用航空器国籍不能超过一个43.我国民用航空器国籍标志是：( )Ａ CHINA Ｂ P.R.C Ｃ B Ｄ C。
航空气象练习题集
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110001 日常航空天气报告是（ C ）。
A：TAFB：ROFORC：METARD:SPECI110002 在日常航空天气报告中发布CAVOK时，对能见度的要求是（ B ）。
A：大于5千米,小于10千米B：大于等于10千米C:大于3千米，小于5千米D：小于1千米110003 单个微下冲气流的估计维持时间是( D ）。
A：从下冲气流撞击地面到消散需5小时B：从下冲气流撞击地面到消散需10小时C：从下冲气流撞击地面到消散需15小时D:从下冲气流撞击地面到消散很少超过15分钟110004 在微下冲气流遭遇中，最大下降气流可能强达( C ）。
A：3米/秒（28千米/小时）B:5米/秒（82千米/小时）C：30米/秒（108千米/小时）D：4米/秒（14千米/小时)110005 TAF天气预报所覆盖的范围以跑道中点为圆心半径是（ B ）海里的圆.A:10B：5C：15D：20110006 VOLMET的含义是( C ）。
A：传真图B:重要天气预告图C：对空天气广播D：对流预计图110007 在TAF报文中，缩写OCNL表示紧跟其后的天气现象发生的概率( C ）.A：大于80%B：小于30％C：大于50%D：小于50%110008 在日常航空天气报告报文中，SCT表示云量的范围在( B ）之间.A：1/8至5/8B：1/8至4/8C：5/8至7/8D:2/8至6/8110009 在TAF报文中，BR表示的天气现象是( C )。
气象课堂练习1～3章
1．大气是一种混合物，它包含有哪些？干洁空气、水汽、气溶胶质粒2．在对流层中，对天气变化影响较大的气体是（ C ）。
A. 氮气和氧气B. 氧气和二氧化碳C. 二氧化碳和水汽D. 氧气和臭氧3．局地气温的最低点通常出现在什么时候？日出时4．局地气温的非周期变化受下列哪一个因素的影响最显著（D ）A. 太阳辐射强度B. 海陆分布C. 季节D. 冷暖空气的水平运动5．目前飞机起降时所用气压表拨正值是？QNH6．航线飞行时用来调整高度表的气压拨正值是？QNE7．飞机进入较强下降气流和上升气流区时，表高和真高有怎样的偏差？下降气流，表高大于真高。
上升气流，表高小于真高。
8．当飞机按表高飞向低压区时，其实际高度的变化是怎样的？由高向低飞9．气压相等时，暖湿空气密度比干冷空气的密度大还是小？小10. 空气的实际水汽压与同温度下的饱和水汽压之比是？相对湿度11. 地面与大气之间交换热量的主要方式是通过太阳短波辐射还是地面长波辐射？12. 温室效应是由于（B ）引起的。
A． CO2增多，造成大量吸收太阳辐射，导致温度升高B． CO2增多，造成吸收的地面长波辐射增多，导致温度升高C．臭氧层的破坏，导致大气层增暖D．过量排放烟尘，导致地球大气升温13. 露点温度是空气在含水量不变的情况下（A）使水汽达到饱和时的温度A 等压降温B等温降压C 降温降压14. 假设大气处于标准状态，则在距离海平面4千米高度处的气温为__-11度____。
15. 有云和碧空相比，云层的出现不利于__升高__白天的气温和_降低_____夜间的气温。
16. 静止大气在某高度上的气压在数值上等于从该高度到_______的单位截面积的铅直空气柱重量。
17. 地面气温27℃，露点温度11℃，一空气块从地面绝热上升到达饱和状态时所处的高度是___2000米__。
18. 在起落时进行高度表订正使用的QNH，是指把机场跑道面的气压按实际大气随高度递减的情况推算到标准海平面上而得到的，是否正确？如果错，错在哪？19. 在空中，如果实际温度比标准大气温度高，那么（B ）。
航空气象学课后习题电子档
习题Chapter 1 ATMOSPHERE AND TEMPERATURE1. Which feature is associated with the tropopause?A. Absence of wind and turbulence.B. Absolute upper limit of cloud formation.C. Abrupt change of temperature lapse rate.2. What is a characteristic of the troposphere?A. It contains all the moisture of the atmosphere.B. There is an overall decrease of temperature with an increase of altitude.C. The average altitude of the top of the troposphere is about 6 miles.3. The average height of the troposphere in the middle latitudes isA. 20,000feet.B. 25,000feet.C. 37,000feet.4. The primary cause of all changes in the Earth’s we ather isA. variation of solar energy received by the Earth’s regions.B. changes in air pressure over the Earth’s surface.C. movement of the air masses.5. If the air temperature is +8 ℃ at an elevation of 1,350 feet and a standard (average) temperature lapse rate exists, what will be the approximate freezing level?A. 3,350 feet MSL(Mean Sea Level)B. 5,350 feet MSLC. 9,350 feet MSL6. The most frequent type of ground or surface based temperature inversion is that produced byA. ground radiation on a clear, cool night, when the wind is light.B. warm air being lifted rapidly aloft in the vicinity of mountainous terrain．C. the movement of colder air under warm air, or the movement of warm air over cold air.7. What feature is associated with a temperature inversion?A. A stable layer of air.B. An unstable layer of air.C. Air mass thunderstorms.8. What are the characterizes of a ground-based inversion?A. Convection currents at the surface.B. Cold temperatures.C.Poor visibility.9. Where is a common location for an inversion of the atmosphere?A. At the tropopause.B. In the stratosphere.C. At the base of cumulus clouds.10. Which weather conditions should be expected beneath a low-level temperature inversion layer when the relative humidity is high?A. Smooth air and poor visibility due to fog, haze, or low clouds.B. Light wind shear and poor visibility due to haze and light rain.C. Turbulent air and poor visibility due to fog, low stratus-type clouds, and showery precipitation11.对流层中，对天气变化影响较大的气体是：A.氮气和氧气B.氧气和二氧化碳C.二氧化碳和水汽D.水汽和臭氧12.对流层顶是一个强大的稳定层，因为：A. 它的上面是平流层B. 空气干洁，能见度好C. 气流平稳，没有对流运动 D 该处气温直减率小13.在对流层顶以上飞行，常常是：A. 气流平稳，能见度好B. 有尘粒、烟粒等杂质聚积C. 会遇到高云，或积雨云、浓积云顶D. 有使飞机产生颠簸的扰动气流14.局地气温的最低点通常出现在：A. 后半夜B. 天亮时C. 早晨D. 日出时15.能造成较大气温日较差的有利天气和地理条件分别是：A.晴天，陆地B.晴天，海洋C.阴天，陆地D.阴天，海洋16.局地气温的非周期变化受下列那一个因素的影响最显著？A.太阳辐射强度B.海陆分布C.季节D.冷暖空气的水平运动17.标准大气的海平面气温等于：A. 0℃B. 10℃C. 273.16ＫD. 288.16Ｋ18.气压相等时，较暖和较湿的空气密度分别比较冷和较干的空气密度要A. 小，小B. 大，大C. 小，大D. 大，小Answers:1.C2.B3.C4.A5.B6.A7.A8.C9.B 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.A 16.D 17.D 18.A习题Chapter 2 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND ALTIMETRY1. Which pressure is defined as station pressure?A. Altimeter setting.B. Actual pressure at field elevation.C. Station barometric pressure reduced to sea level.2. What term describes an elongated area of low pressure?A. Trough.B. Ridge.C. Hurricane or typhoon.3. If the ambient temperature is colder than standard at FL 310, what is the relationship between true altitude and pressure altitude?A. They are both the same, 31,000 feet.B. True altitude is lower than 31,000 feet.C. Pressure altitude is lower than true altitude.4. Where is the usual location of a thermal low?A. Over the arctic region.B. Over the eye of a hurricane.C. Over the surface of a dry, sunny region.☆5. En route at FL 270, the altimeter is set correctly. On descent, a pilot fails to set the local altimeter setting of 30.57. If the field elevation is 650 feet, and the altimeter is functioning properly, what will it indicate upon landing?A. 585 feet.B. 1,300 feet.C. Sea level.6. What is corrected altitude (approximate true altitude)?A. Pressure altitude corrected for instrument error.B. indicated altitude corrected for temperature variation from standard.C. Density altitude corrected for temperature variation from standard.7.常用于研究水平气压场的气压是：A. 本站气压B. 场面气压C. 修正海平面气压D. 标准海平面气压8.飞机起降时，用于调整高度表的气压通常是：A 本站气压 B. 场面气压 C. 修正海平面气压 D. 标准海平面气压9.航线飞行时，用来调整高度表的气压是：A. 本站气压B. 场面气压C. 修正海平面气压D. 标准海平面气压10.飞机进入较强下降气流和上升气流区时，高度指示会分别比实际高度：A. 偏高，偏低B. 偏高，偏高C. 偏低，偏高D. 偏低，偏低11.当飞机按气压式高度表保持一定高度飞向低压区时，其实际高度的变化是：A. 逐渐变低B. 逐渐变高C. 先变低，后变高D. 先变高，后变低12.当空气密度低于标准大气时，对飞机的起飞载重量或起飞和着陆滑跑距离的影响分别是：A. 减少，加长B. 减少，缩短C. 增大，加长D. 增大，缩短13.飞机所处位置的密度高度，在冷天和热天通常分别为：A. 低密度高度，高密度高度B. 高密度高度，低密度高度C. 低密度高度，低密度高度D. 高密度高度，高密度高度Answers:1.B2.A3.B4.C5.C6.B7.C8.C9.D 10.A11.A 12.A 13.A习题Chapter 3 WIND1. At lower levels of the atmosphere, friction causes the wind to flow across isobars into a low because the frictionA. decreases windspeed and Coriolis force.B. decreases pressure gradient force.C. creates air turbulence and raises atmospheric pressure.2. What causes surface winds to flow across the isobars at an angle rather than parallel to the isobars?A. Coriolis force.B. Surface frictionC. The greater density of the air at the Surface.3. What is a feature of air movement in a high pressure area?A. Ascending from the surface high to lower pressure at higher altitudes.B. Descending to the surface and then outward.C. Moving outward from the high at high altitudes and into the high at the surface.4. What is indicated by close spacing of isobars on a weather map?A. Weak pressure gradient and weak windsB. Weak pressure gradient and strong windsC. Strong pressure gradient and strong winds5. Which type wind flows downslope becoming warmer and dryer?A. Land breeze.B. Valley wind.C. Katabatic wind.6. At which location does Coriolis force have the least effect on wind direction?A. At the poles.B. Middle latitudes (30° to 60°).C. At the Equator.7. How does Coriolis force affect wind direction in the Southern Hemisphere?A. Causes clockwise rotation around a low.B. Causes wind to flow out of a low toward a high.C. Has exactly the same effect as in the Northern Hemisphere.8. Which force, in the Northern Hemisphere, acts at a right angle to the wind and deflects it to the right until parallel to the isobars?A. CentrifugalB. Pressure gradient.C. Coriolis9. Which weather condition is defined as an anticyclone?A. Calm.B. High pressure area.C. COL.10. Winds at 5,000 feet AGL on a particular flight are southwesterly while most of the surface winds are southerly. This difference in direction is primarily due toA. a stronger pressure gradient at higher altitudes.B. friction between the wind and the surface.C. stronger Coriolis force at the surface.11. What relationship exists between the winds at 2,000 feet above the surface and the surface winds?A. The winds at 2,000 feet and the surface winds flow in the same direction, but the surfacewinds are weaker due to friction.B. The winds at 2,000 feet tend to parallel the isobars while the surface winds cross the isobarsat an angle toward lower pressure and are weaker.C. The surface winds tend to veer to the right of the winds at 2,000 feet and are usually weaker.12. A jet stream is defined as wind ofA. 30 knots or greater.B. 40 knots or greater.C. 50 knots or greater.13. Jet stream winds occur at which location?A. South of highsB. Parallel to troughsC. Breaks in the tropopause14.西北风可表示为：A. 135°或SEB. 300°或NWC. 315°或NWD. 340°或WN15.海上风与陆地风相比，主要区别是：A. 海上风速大，风向与等压线交角大B. 陆地上风速大，风向与等压线交角小C. 陆地上风速大，风向与等压线交角大D. 海上风速大，风向与等压线交角小16.海风和山风分别出现在：A. 白天，晚上B. 晚上，白天C. 白天，白天D. 晚上，晚上17.在北半球9000米高度，由低压区飞向高压区，则航线上吹：A. 右侧风B. 左侧风C. 逆风D. 顺风18.在北半球自由大气中，如果航线是左侧风，则高压区在航线的：A. 右侧B. 左侧C. 后方D. 前方19.自由大气中风随高度变化的主要原因是：A. 气温的水平差异B. 气温随高度的变化C. 气压的水平差异D. 气压随高度的变化20.对流层自由大气中，高度增加，风的一般变化规律是：A. 风向趋近于东风，风速增大B. 风向趋近于西风，风速减小C. 风向趋近于东风，风速减小D. 风向趋近于西风，风速增大21.地面风的阵性表现较明显的时间和季节分别是：A. 早晨，冬季B. 早晨，夏季C. 午后，冬季D. 午后，夏季22.地面风的阵性表现较明显的地区特点是：A. 地表粗糙，性质差异大B. 地表平坦，性质差异小C. 地表粗糙，性质差异小D. 地表平坦，性质差异大Answers:1.A2.B3.B4.C5.C6.C7.A8.C9.B 10.B11.B 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.A 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.D21.D 22.A习题Chapter 4 CLOUD AND PRECIPITATION1. To which meteorological conditioned does the term "dew point "refer?A. The temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated.B. The temperature at which condensation and evaporation are equal.C. The temperature at which dew will always form.2. The amount of water vapor which air can hold largely depends onA. relative humidity.B. air temperature.C. stability of air3. Clouds, fog, or dew will always form whenA. water vapor condenses.B. water vapor is present.C. the temperature and dew point are equal.4. What weather condition occurs at the altitude where the dewpoint lapse rate and the dry adiabatic lapse rate converge?A. Cloud bases form.B. Precipitation starts.C. Stable air changes to unstable air.5. What are the four families of clouds?A. Stratus, cumulus, nimbus, and cirrus.B. Clouds formed by updrafts, fronts, cooling layers of air, and precipitation into warm air.C. High ,middle, low, and those with extensive vertical development.6. The suffix “nimbus”, used in naming clouds, means aA. cloud with extensive vertical development.B. rain cloud.C. dark massive, towering cloud.7. A high cloud is composed mostly ofA. ozone.B. condensation nuclei.C. ice crystals.8. Stability can be determined from which measurement of the atmosphere?A. Low-level windsB. ambient lapse rateC. atmospheric pressure9. What determines the structure or type of clouds which form as a result of air being forced to ascend?A. the method by which the air is lifted.B. the stability of the air before lifting occurs.C. the amount of condensation nuclei present after lifting occurs.10. Unsaturated air flowing up slope will cool at the rate of approximately (dry adiabatic lapse rate)A. 3℃ per 1000 feet.B. 2℃ per 1000 feet.C. 2.5℃ per 1000 feet.11. What type of clouds will be formed if very stable moist air is forced up slope?A. First stratified clouds and then vertical clouds.B. Vertical clouds with increasing height.C. Stratified clouds with little vertical development.12. What type clouds can be expected when an unstable air mass is forced to ascend a mountain slope?A. Layered clouds with little vertical development.B. Stratified clouds with considerable associated turbulence,C. Clouds with extensive vertical development.13. Which of the following combinations of weather producing variables would likely result in cumuliform-type clouds good visibility rain showers and possible clear—type icing in clouds?A. Unstable moist air and no lifting mechanism.B. Stable dry air and orographic lifting.C. Unstable moist air and orographic lifting,14. Which family of clouds is least likely to contribute to structural icing on an aircraft?A. Low clouds.B. High clouds.C.Clouds with extensive vertical development.15. Which clouds have the greatest turbulence?A. Towering cumulusB. cumulonimbusC. Altocumulus castellanus16. The presence of standing lenticular altocumulus clouds is a good indication ofA. A jet stream．B. Very strong turbulence.C. Heavy icing conditions.17. Fair weather cumulus clouds often indicateA. Turbulence at and below the cloud level.B. Poor visibilityC. Smooth flying conditions18. A ceiling is defined as the height of theA. highest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena aloft that covers over 6/10 of the sky.B. lowest layer of clouds that contributed to the over all overcastC. lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena aloft that is reported as broken or overcast19. What enhance the growth rate of precipitation?A. advective actionB. upward currentsC. cyclonic movement20. The presence of ice pellets at the surface is evidence thatA. these are thunderstorms in the areaB. a cold front has passedC. there is freezing rain at a higher altitude.21. What temperature condition is indicated if wet snow is encountered at your flight altitude?A. The temperature is above freezing at you altitudeB. The temperature is below freezing at your altitude.C. You are flying from a warm air mass into a cold air mass22. Which precipitation type normally indicates freezing rain at higher altitudes?A. SnowB. HailC. Ice pellets23. Select the characteristic (s) associated with the Cumulonimbus Clouds. More than one characteristic may apply.A. HailB. DrizzleC. LightningD. Stable airE. TurbulenceF. Restricted visibility for long periods24.云体高大，底部阴暗，云顶呈园弧形重叠的云是：A. CuB. TCuC. CbD. Sc25.决定大气稳定度的主要因素是：A. r值B. rd 值C. P值D. T值26.一般情况下，大气最不稳定的时间和季节分别是：A. 中午，冬季B. 早上，夏季C. 早上，冬季D. 午后，夏季27.一般情况下，大气最稳定的时间和季节分别是：A. 中午，冬季B. 早上，夏季C. 早上，冬季D. 午后，夏季28.速度最大的垂直运动是：A. 对流B. 系统性升降运动C. 乱流D. 大气波动29.对流运动的水平范围一般为：A. 几公里B. 几十公里C. 几到几十公里D. 几百公里30.对流上升运动形成：A. 积状云B. 层状云C. 波状云D. 堡状云31.大气不稳定时，常产生的垂直运动是：A. 对流和系统性升降运动B. 系统性升降运动和波动C. 波动和乱流D. 乱流和对流32.地球表面热力性质差异大的地区容易产生的垂直运动是：A. 对流和系统性升降运动B. 系统性升降运动和波动C. 波动和乱流D. 乱流和对流33.形成层状云的运动是：A. 对流B. 系统性运动C. 波动D. 乱流34.层状云包括：A. Ns Sc As StB. Sc As Cs FsC. Ci Cs As NsD. Fs Ns As St35.积状云包括：A. Cu TCu Cb FcB. TCu Fc Cc ScC. Cb Sc Ac CuD. Fc Cu Cb Cc36.严重影响飞机起降的低碎云主要是：A. Ns Fc StB. St Fs CuC. Fn St FsD. Fs Ns Fn37.国家气象部门和民航总局规定的计量云量的方法分别是：A. 十分制，八分制B. 八分制，十分制C. 十分制，十分制D. 八分制，八分制38.中云的云底高度通常规定为：A. 1500－4000米B. 2500－5000米C. 3000－6000米D. 2500－6000米Answers:1.A2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.B9.B 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.C 21.A 22.C 23.ACE 24.B 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.A 29.C 30.A 31.D 32.D 33.B 34.C 35.A 36.C 37.A 38.D习题Chapter 5 AIR MASSES AND FRONTS1. An air mass is a body of air thatA. has similar cloud formations associated with itB. creates a wind shift as it moves across the Earth's surface．C. covers an extensive area and has fairly uniform properties of temperature and moisture2. What is indicated about an air mass if the temperature remains unchanged or decreases slightly as altitude is increased?A. The air is unstable.B. A temperature inversion exists.C. The air is stable.3. Which weather condition is an example of a nonfrontal instability band?A.Squall line.B. Advective fog.C.Frontogenesis.4. The general characteristics of unstable air areA. good visibility, showery precipitation, and cumuliform-typed clouds.B. good visibility, steady precipitation, and stratiform-type clouds．C. poor visibility, intermittent precipitation, and cumuliform-typed clouds.．5. What are some characteristics of unstable air?A. Nimbostratus clouds and good Surface visibilityB. Turbulence and poor surface visibility．C. Turbulence and good surface visibility6. What are the characteristics of stable air?A. Good visibility, steady precipitation, and stratus-type clouds．B. Poor visibility, intermittent precipitation, and Cumulus-type clouds．C. Poor visibility，Steady precipitation, and Stratus-type clouds7. Which are characteristics of an unstable cold air mass moving over a warm surface?A. Cumuliform clouds, turbulence, and poor visibility．B. Cumuliform clouds, turbulence, and good visibilityC. Stratiform clouds, smooth air, and poor visibility．8. Which atmospheric factor causes rapid movement of surface fronts?A. Upper winds blowing across the front.B. Upper low located directly over the surface low.C. The cold front overtaking and lifting the warm front.9. What weather difference is found on each side of a "dry line"?A. Extreme temperature difference.B. Dewpoint difference.C. Stratus versus cumulus clouds.10. True／False．When an air mass is warmed from below，it becomes more stable11. True／False．Passage of a fast-moving cold front creates a narrow frontal zone with less severe weather than the passage of a slow moving cold front.12. Steady precipitation with little turbulence precedes what type of front?A. Cold frontB. Warm frontC. Occluded front13. What is the most reliable indication that you have flown through a front?A. Change in pressureB. Change in temperatureC. Change in wind direction14. What conditions favor the formation of a frontal wave?A. A fast-moving warm front overtaking a cold frontB. A deep low pressure are allocated northeast of a ridgeC. A stationary front or slow moving cold front with a strong temperature gradient15. Steady precipitation, in contrast to showers, preceding a front is an indication ofA. Stratiform clouds with moderate turbulence.B. Cumuliform clouds with little or no turbulence.C. Stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence.16.飞机由冷气团一侧垂直穿过稳定的缓行冷锋，首先看到的云是：A. 卷云B. 雨层云C. 高层云D. 高积云17.不稳定的急行冷锋经过机场时，通常会出现的天气现象是：A 晴朗微风的天气 B. 小雨和雾C. 层状云和低能见度D. 积状云、地面大风、阵性降水18.下列在我国能产生地面大风的天气形势是：A. 冷锋后的偏北大风B. 冷锋前的偏北大风C. 冷锋前的偏南大风D. 冷锋后的偏南大风Answers:1.C2.C3.A4.A5.C6.C7.B8.A9.B 10.F 11.F 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.D 18.A习题Chapter 6 TURBULENCE1. A pilot reporting turbulence that momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and /or attitude should report it asA. light turbulence.B. moderate turbulenceC. light chop2. If you fly into severe turbulence, which flight condition should you attempt to maintain?A. Constant airspeed (VA)B. Level flight attitude.C. Constantan altitude and constant airspeed.☆3. If severe turbulence is encountered during your IFR flight，the airplane should be slowed to the design maneuvering speed because theA. maneuverability of the airplane will be increased.B. amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing will be decreased.C. airplane will stall at a lower angle of rang of attack, giving an increased margin of safety4. (Refer to Microburst figure below.) If involved in a microburst encounter, in which aircraft positions will the most severe downdraft occur?A. 4 and 5.B. 2 and 3.C. 3 and 4.Figure– Microburst5. (Refer to figure above.) When penetrating a microburst, which aircraft will experience an increase in performance without a change in pitch or power?A. 3.B. 2.C. 1.6. (Refer to figure above.) What effect will a microburst encounter have upon the aircraft in position 3?A. Decreasing headwind.B. Increasing tailwind.C. Strong downdraft.7. (Refer to figure above.) What effect will a microburst encounter have upon the aircraft in position 4?A. Strong tailwind.B. Strong updraft.C. Significant performance increase.8. (Refer to figure above.) How will the aircraft in position 4 be affected by a microburst encounter?A. Performance increasing with a tailwind and updraft.B. Performance decreasing with a tailwind and downdraft.C. Performance decreasing with a headwind and downdraft.9. What is an important characteristic of wind shear?A. It is an atmospheric condition that is associated exclusively with zones of convergence.B. The Coriolis phenomenon in both high- and low-level air masses is the principal generatingforce.C. It is an atmospheric condition that may be associated with a low-level temperature inversion,a jet Stream, or a frontal zone.10. Which wind-shear condition results in a loss of airspeed?A. Decreasing headwind or tailwind.B. Decreasing headwind and increasing tailwind.C. Increasing headwind and decreasing tailwind.11 Which is a characteristic of low-level wind shear as it relates to frontal activity?A. With a warm front, the most critical period is before the front passes the airport.B. With a cold front, the most critical period is just before the front passes the airport.C. Turbulence will always exits in wind-shear conditions．12. Hazardous wind shear is commonly encountered near the groundA. during periods when the wind velocity is stronger than 35 knots．B. during periods when the wind velocity is stronger than 35 knots and near mountain valleys.C. during periods of strong temperature inversion and near thunderstorms13. The strength and location of the jet stream is normallyA stronger and farther north in the winterB weaker and farther north in the summerC stronger and farther north in the summer14. Which is a necessary condition for the occurrence of a low-level temperature inversion wind shear?A. The temperature differential between the cold and warm layers must be at least 10 degreesC.B. A calm or light wind near the surface and a relatively strong wind just above the inversion.C. A wind direction difference of at least 30 degrees between the wind near the surface and thewind just above the inversion.15. What is the lowest cloud in the stationary group associated with a mountain wave?A. Rotor cloud.B. Standing lenticular.C. Low stratus.16. Possible mountain wave turbulence could be anticipate when winds of 40 knots or greater blowA. across a mountain ridge, and the air is stable.B. down a mountain valley, and the air id unstable.C. parallel to a mountain peak, and the air is stable.17. Where are jetstreams normally located?A. In areas of strong low pressure systems in the stratosphere.B. At the tropopause where intensified temperature gradients are located.C. In a single continuous band, encircling the Earth, where there is a break between theequatorial and polar tropopause.18. Which type clouds may be associated with the jetstream?A. Cumulonimbus cloud line where the jetstream crosses the cold front.B. Cirrus clouds on the equatorial side of the jetstream.C. Cirrostratus cloud band on the polar side and under the jetstream.☆19. What action is appropriate when encountering the first ripple of reported clear air turbulence (CAT)?A. Extend flaps to decrease wind loading.B. Extend gear to provide more drag and increase stability.C. Adjust airspeed to that recommended for rough air.20. Which flight conditions of a large jet airplane create the most severe flight hazard by generating wingtip vortices of the greatest strength?A. Heavy, slow, gear and flaps up.B. Heavy, slow, gear and flaps down.C. Heavy, fast, gear and flaps down.21. Hazardous vortex turbulence that might be encountered behind large aircraft is created only when that aircraft isA. developing lift.B. operating at high airspeeds.C. using high power settings.22. Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend toA. sink below the aircraft generating the turbulence.B. rise from the surface to traffic pattern altitude.C. accumulate and remain for a period of time at the point where the takeoff roll began.23. To avoid the wingtip vortices of a departing jet airplane during takeoff, the pilot shouldA. lift off at a point well past the jet airplane's flight path.B. climb above and stay upwind of the jet airplane's flight path.C. remain below the flight path of the jet airplane.24. If you take off behind a heavy jet that has just landed, you should plan to lift offA. prior to the point where the jet touched down.B. beyond the point where the jet touched down.C. at the point where the jet touched down and on the upwind edge of the runway.25. Discuss the in-flight Visual indications of possible Wind Shear.26.云中飞行颠簸非常强烈的云主要是：A. Tcu, ScB. Sc, AcC. Ac,CbD. Cb,T cu27.下列何种地区最容易出现山地背风波：A. 丘陵地区B. 山谷风盛行地区C. 孤立山峰的后面D. 高大山脉的背风面上空28.在山地背风波的下降气流中飞行时，除造成飞机掉高度外，还可造成的严重危害是：A. 气压式高度表读数高于实际高度B. 空速表误差增大C. 地速减小D. 实际空速减小29.在机场周围存在下列何种地表时，容易产生飞机颠簸？A. 湖泊与森林B. 水渠与河流C. 河流与山丘D. 草地与庄稼30.在下列何种天气系统中最容易遇到飞机颠簸？A. 急行冷锋B. 气旋C. 地形造成的静止锋D. 锢囚锋31.同一种飞机在低速飞行时，飞行速度越大，飞机颠簸的：A. 范围越小B. 强度越弱C. 强度变化不明显D. 强度越大32.我国青藏高原上空常有较强的飞机颠簸，其原因主要是：A. 高原上空气稀薄，飞机升力小B. 高原上容易形成地形波C. 高原上冷暖空气活跃，常有锋面活动D. 高原上地形起伏，风力大，日照强33.小型飞机尾随大型飞机起降时容易发生事故，其原因是：A. 大型飞机后有较强的尾涡湍流B. 大型飞机排出的废气严重地影响了能见度C. 大型飞机起降时造成了严重的低空风切变D. 大型飞机后有较强的下冲气流34.同一种飞机，机翼载荷越大，飞机颠簸：A. 次数越频繁B. 强度越弱C. 强度越强D. 强度无变化35.高空急流形成的原因是：A. 大气中有大的水平温度梯度B. 冷锋后有大的水平气压梯度C. 越到高处，风速越大，最后形成急流D. 高空槽和高压脊的影响36.晴空乱流出现的一般高度是：A. 距地面1500米至6000米高度范围内B. 距地面6000米以上高度C. 距地面9000米至12000米高度范围内D. 距地面12000米以上高空37.在300百帕等压面图上，等高线密集区即为：A. 高空锋区B. 高空槽区C. 切变线区D. 高空急流区38.对流层顶有断裂现象或坡度较陡时，会出现何种影响飞行的天气现象：A. 大气波动B. 晴空乱流C. 西风急流D. 下冲气流39.我国规定低空风切变的出现高度是：A. 场面高度600米以下B. 场面高度300米以下C. 海平面高度600米以下D. 场面高度1000米以下40.下面那种情况可能引起低空风切变？A. 气旋过后B. 地面有微风且风向不定时C. 飞行中穿过切变线时D. 低空有逆温层，且在其上面有强风时41.下述何种地区最容易出现低空风切变？A. 在气压和温度急剧下降的地区B. 海陆交界地区C. 有雷暴活动的锋面附近D. 空中冷平流较强的地区42.飞机从逆风进入顺风时所遇到的风切变称为：A. 顺风切变B. 逆风切变C. 侧风切变D. 逆顺风切变Answers:1.A2.B3.B4.C5.C6.C7.A8.B9.C 10.B11.A 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.C 20.A21.A 22.A 23.B 24.B 25.In humid climates where the bases of convective clouds tend to be low,microbursts are associated with a visible rainshaft. In drier climates, the higher thunderstorm cloud bases result in the evaporation of the rainshaft. The only visible indications under these conditions may be virga at the cloud base and a dust ring on the ground.26.D 27.D28.A 29.C 30.A 31.D 32.D 33.A 34.B 35.A 36.B 37.D 38.B39.A 40.D 41.C 42.A习题Chapter7 ICING1. What is a feature of supercooled water?A. The water drop sublimates to an ice particle upon impact.B. The unstable water drop freezes upon striking an exposed object.C. The temperature of the water drop remains at 0°C until it impacts a part of the airframe, thenclear ice accumulates.2. Which conditions result in the formation of frost?A. The temperature of the collecting surface is at or below freezing and small droplets ofmoisture are fallingB. When dew forms and the temperature is below freezingC. Temperature of the collecting surface is below the dew point of surrounding air and the dewpoint is colder than freezing.3. When will frost most likely form on aircraft surfaces?A. On clear nights with stable air and light winds.B. On overcast nights with freezing drizzle precipitation.C. On clear nights with convective action and a small temperature/dewpoint spread.4. What condition is necessary for the formation of structural icing in flight?A. Supercooled water drops.B. Water vapor.C. Visible water.5. Which type precipitation is an indication that supercooled water is present?A. Wet snow.B. Freezing rain.C. Ice pellets.6. Which type of icing is associated with the smallest size of water droplet similar to that found in low-level stratus clouds?A. Clear ice.B. Frost ice.C. Rime ice.7. Why is frost considered hazardous to flight operation?A. Frost changes the basic aerodynamic shape of the airfoilB. Frost decreases control effectivenessC. Frost causes early airflow separation resulting in a loss of lift8. In which meteorological environment is aircraft structural icing most likely to have the highest rate of accumulation?A. Cumulonimbus clouds.B. High humidity and freezing temperature.C. Freezing rain9. What is an operational consideration if you fly into rain which freezes on impact?A. You have flown into an area of thunderstorms．B. Temperatures are above freezing at some higher altitude.C. You have flown through a cold front.10. Test data indicate that ice, Snow, or frost having a thickness and roughness similar to medium or coarse sandpaper on the leading edge and upper surface of an airfoilA. reduce lift by as much as 50 percent and increase drag by as much as 50 percentB. increase drag and reduce lift by as much as 25 percent．C. reduce lift by as much as 30 percent and increase drag by 40 percent11. What condition is indicated when ice pellets are encountered during flight?。
航空气象学习题答案
第一章大气的状态及其运动3.大气分层的主要依据是什么，大气可分为那几层？（1）气层气温的垂直分布特点（2）对流层、中间层、暖层、散逸层。
4.对流层和平流层有那些基本特征，他们对飞行有什么影响？（1）对流层：气温随高度的增高而降低。
气温、湿度分布很不均匀。
空气具有强烈的垂直混合。
（2）平流层：气温随温度的增高而增高。
气温、温度分布有规律。
空气几乎没有垂直运动，气流平稳、空气稀薄、水汽和杂质含量极少。
（3）对流层：空气运动受地表摩擦作用和地形扰动，飞机主要在这层飞行。
平流层：空气运动几乎不受地形阻碍及扰动，飞行气象条件良好，现代大型喷气式运输机可达到平流层低层。
11.基本气象要素如何影响飞机性能和仪表指示？（1）气温、气压、空气湿度对大气密度产生影响故而间接影响飞机性能。
（2）气压的变化会对高度表指示产生影响，同（1）会简介影响空速表指示。
15.地面气温力18C—空气块于绝热上升到2000m高度时，其温度是多少？在下降到800m高度，其温度又是多少？设2000m高度温度为T2，800m高度温度为T3。
=T^000•i c/100m=-2°C21100T=T厂^00•1C/100m=10C3210016.飞机按气压式高度表指示的一定高度飞行，在飞向高压区时，其实际高度如何变化？飞向低气压时情况又是如何？飞向高气压区，实际高度下降；飞向低气压区，实际高度上升。
23.自由大气和摩擦层中的风压定理时如何表述的，区别在那里？（1）自由大气：风沿着等压线吹，在北半球背风而立，高压在右，低压在左，等压线越密，风速越大，南半球风的运动方向于北半球相反。
（2）摩擦层：风斜穿等压线吹，在北半球背风而立，高压在右后方，低压在左前方，等压线越密，风速越大。
南半球风的运动方向于北半球相反。
（3）自由大气和摩擦层中的空气的水平运动都要受到气压梯度力。
自由大气还受到科氏力，摩擦层受到摩擦力。
26.山谷风和海陆风时如何形成的？山谷风是由山区的特殊地理条件造成的，白天山坡气温高于山谷上同高度气温，形成热力环流，低层风从谷地吹向山坡，形成谷风，晚上则形成山风。
航空气象练习3
大气最稳定的时间和季节分别是 BA 早上，夏季B 早上，冬季C 中午，冬季一般情况下，大气最不稳定的时间和季节分别是 BA 中午，冬季B 早上，夏季C 午后，夏季形成积状云的垂直运动是 AA 对流运动B 大气波动C 系统性垂直运动形成层状云的垂直运动是 CA 乱流运动B 对流运动C 系统性垂直运动形成波状云的垂直运动是 BA 对流运动B 对流运动和波动C 乱流和波动积状云包括 CA 浓积云、碎积云、卷积云、层积云B 积雨云、层积云、高积云、淡积云C 淡积云、浓积云、积雨云、碎积云层状云包括 CA 雨层云、层积云、高层云、层云B 层积云、高层云、卷层云、碎层云C 卷云、卷层云、高层云、雨层云下列何组云属于中云 BA 卷层云，积雨云B 高积云，高层云C 层积云，卷积云下列各组云中，属于高云族的是 AA 卷云，卷层云B 积雨云，淡积云C 高积云，卷层云中云的云底高度通常在 CA 2000 - 5000米B 3000 - 6000米C 2000 - 6000米飞机在快要起飞时，驾驶员发现云很低，云层很厚，呈水平幕状，云底灰暗并有小雨，则这种云应是 AA 层云或雨层云B 高层云或层积云C 层积云或碎层云飞机在雨层云上飞行，飞行员发现在浓密的云层上有向上突起的云塔，顶部伸展到9000米以上的高空，被强劲的空中风吹得象马鬃似地倒向一边，他可以断定，在层状云中一定有BA 高积云B 积雨云C 伪卷云某飞行员在低空飞行时发现前方的云十分高大，云底阴暗混乱，起伏明显并呈滚轴状，他可以断定，前方的云是 BA 浓积云B 积雨云C 滚轴状云飞行员发现前方的云有如下特征：云体庞大，垂直发展极盛，象高大山峰，云顶呈白色纤维结构，并扩展成铁砧状。
这种云应是 BA 波状云B 积雨云C 浓积云飞行员在飞行中发现前方的云有如下特征：孤立分散的小云块，底部平坦，顶部呈圆弧形凸起，象小山丘。
这种云应是 BA 浓积云B 淡积云C 层积云飞行员在飞行中发现前方的云有如下特征：云体高大，像大山或高塔，底部阴暗，顶部凸起而明亮，呈圆弧形重叠，象花菜。
航空气象学课后习题电子档
习题Chapter 1 ATMOSPHERE AND TEMPERATURE1. Which feature is associated with the tropopause?A. Absence of wind and turbulence.B. Absolute upper limit of cloud formation.C. Abrupt change of temperature lapse rate.2. What is a characteristic of the troposphere?A. It contains all the moisture of the atmosphere.B. There is an overall decrease of temperature with an increase of altitude.C. The average altitude of the top of the troposphere is about 6 miles.3. The average height of the troposphere in the middle latitudes isA. 20,000feet.B. 25,000feet.C. 37,000feet.4. The primary cause of all changes in the Earth’s we ather isA. variation of solar energy received by the Earth’s regions.B. changes in air pressure over the Earth’s surface.C. movement of the air masses.5. If the air temperature is +8 ℃ at an elevation of 1,350 feet and a standard (average) temperature lapse rate exists, what will be the approximate freezing level?A. 3,350 feet MSL(Mean Sea Level)B. 5,350 feet MSLC. 9,350 feet MSL6. The most frequent type of ground or surface based temperature inversion is that produced byA. ground radiation on a clear, cool night, when the wind is light.B. warm air being lifted rapidly aloft in the vicinity of mountainous terrain．C. the movement of colder air under warm air, or the movement of warm air over cold air.7. What feature is associated with a temperature inversion?A. A stable layer of air.B. An unstable layer of air.C. Air mass thunderstorms.8. What are the characterizes of a ground-based inversion?A. Convection currents at the surface.B. Cold temperatures. visibility.9. Where is a common location for an inversion of the atmosphere?A. At the tropopause.B. In the stratosphere.C. At the base of cumulus clouds.10. Which weather conditions should be expected beneath a low-level temperature inversion layer when the relative humidity is high?A. Smooth air and poor visibility due to fog, haze, or low clouds.B. Light wind shear and poor visibility due to haze and light rain.C. Turbulent air and poor visibility due to fog, low stratus-type clouds, and showeryprecipitation11.对流层中，对天气变化影响较大的气体是：A.氮气和氧气B.氧气和二氧化碳C.二氧化碳和水汽D.水汽和臭氧12.对流层顶是一个强大的稳定层，因为：A. 它的上面是平流层B. 空气干洁，能见度好C. 气流平稳，没有对流运动 D 该处气温直减率小13.在对流层顶以上飞行，常常是：A. 气流平稳，能见度好B. 有尘粒、烟粒等杂质聚积C. 会遇到高云，或积雨云、浓积云顶D. 有使飞机产生颠簸的扰动气流14.局地气温的最低点通常出现在：A. 后半夜B. 天亮时C. 早晨D. 日出时15.能造成较大气温日较差的有利天气和地理条件分别是：A.晴天，陆地B.晴天，海洋C.阴天，陆地D.阴天，海洋16.局地气温的非周期变化受下列那一个因素的影响最显著？A.太阳辐射强度B.海陆分布C.季节D.冷暖空气的水平运动17.标准大气的海平面气温等于：A. 0℃B. 10℃C. ＫD. Ｋ18.气压相等时，较暖和较湿的空气密度分别比较冷和较干的空气密度要A. 小，小B. 大，大C. 小，大D. 大，小Answers:习题Chapter 2 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND ALTIMETRY1. Which pressure is defined as station pressure?A. Altimeter setting.B. Actual pressure at field elevation.C. Station barometric pressure reduced to sea level.2. What term describes an elongated area of low pressure?A. Trough.B. Ridge.C. Hurricane or typhoon.3. If the ambient temperature is colder than standard at FL 310, what is the relationship between true altitude and pressure altitude?A. They are both the same, 31,000 feet.B. True altitude is lower than 31,000 feet.C. Pressure altitude is lower than true altitude.4. Where is the usual location of a thermal low?A. Over the arctic region.B. Over the eye of a hurricane.C. Over the surface of a dry, sunny region.☆5. En route at FL 270, the altimeter is set correctly. On descent, a pilot fails to set the local altimeter setting of . If the field elevation is 650 feet, and the altimeter is functioning properly, what will it indicate upon landing?A. 585 feet.B. 1,300 feet.C. Sea level.6. What is corrected altitude (approximate true altitude)?A. Pressure altitude corrected for instrument error.B. indicated altitude corrected for temperature variation from standard.C. Density altitude corrected for temperature variation from standard.7.常用于研究水平气压场的气压是：A. 本站气压B. 场面气压C. 修正海平面气压D. 标准海平面气压8.飞机起降时，用于调整高度表的气压通常是：A 本站气压 B. 场面气压 C. 修正海平面气压 D. 标准海平面气压9.航线飞行时，用来调整高度表的气压是：A. 本站气压B. 场面气压C. 修正海平面气压D. 标准海平面气压10.飞机进入较强下降气流和上升气流区时，高度指示会分别比实际高度：A. 偏高，偏低B. 偏高，偏高C. 偏低，偏高D. 偏低，偏低11.当飞机按气压式高度表保持一定高度飞向低压区时，其实际高度的变化是：A. 逐渐变低B. 逐渐变高C. 先变低，后变高D. 先变高，后变低12.当空气密度低于标准大气时，对飞机的起飞载重量或起飞和着陆滑跑距离的影响分别是：A. 减少，加长B. 减少，缩短C. 增大，加长D. 增大，缩短13.飞机所处位置的密度高度，在冷天和热天通常分别为：A. 低密度高度，高密度高度B. 高密度高度，低密度高度C. 低密度高度，低密度高度D. 高密度高度，高密度高度Answers:习题Chapter 3 WIND1. At lower levels of the atmosphere, friction causes the wind to flow across isobars intoa low because the frictionA. decreases windspeed and Coriolis force.B. decreases pressure gradient force.C. creates air turbulence and raises atmospheric pressure.2. What causes surface winds to flow across the isobars at an angle rather than parallel to the isobars?A. Coriolis force.B. Surface frictionC. The greater density of the air at the Surface.3. What is a feature of air movement in a high pressure area?A. Ascending from the surface high to lower pressure at higher altitudes.B. Descending to the surface and then outward.C. Moving outward from the high at high altitudes and into the high at the surface.4. What is indicated by close spacing of isobars on a weather map?A. Weak pressure gradient and weak windsB. Weak pressure gradient and strong windsC. Strong pressure gradient and strong winds5. Which type wind flows downslope becoming warmer and dryer?A. Land breeze.B. Valley wind.C. Katabatic wind.6. At which location does Coriolis force have the least effect on wind direction?A. At the poles.B. Middle latitudes (30° to 60°).C. At the Equator.7. How does Coriolis force affect wind direction in the Southern Hemisphere?A. Causes clockwise rotation around a low.B. Causes wind to flow out of a low toward a high.C. Has exactly the same effect as in the Northern Hemisphere.8. Which force, in the Northern Hemisphere, acts at a right angle to the wind and deflects it to the right until parallel to the isobars?A. CentrifugalB. Pressure gradient.C. Coriolis9. Which weather condition is defined as an anticyclone?A. Calm.B. High pressure area.C. COL.10. Winds at 5,000 feet AGL on a particular flight are southwesterly while most of the surface winds are southerly. This difference in direction is primarily due toA. a stronger pressure gradient at higher altitudes.B. friction between the wind and the surface.C. stronger Coriolis force at the surface.11. What relationship exists between the winds at 2,000 feet above the surface and the surface winds?A. The winds at 2,000 feet and the surface winds flow in the same direction, but the surfacewinds are weaker due to friction.B. The winds at 2,000 feet tend to parallel the isobars while the surface winds crossthe isobars at an angle toward lower pressure and are weaker.C. The surface winds tend to veer to the right of the winds at 2,000 feet and are usuallyweaker.12. A jet stream is defined as wind ofA. 30 knots or greater.B. 40 knots or greater.C. 50 knots or greater.13. Jet stream winds occur at which location?A. South of highsB. Parallel to troughsC. Breaks in the tropopause14.西北风可表示为：A. 135°或SEB. 300°或NWC. 315°或NWD. 340°或WN15.海上风与陆地风相比，主要区别是：A. 海上风速大，风向与等压线交角大B. 陆地上风速大，风向与等压线交角小C. 陆地上风速大，风向与等压线交角大D. 海上风速大，风向与等压线交角小16.海风和山风分别出现在：A. 白天，晚上B. 晚上，白天C. 白天，白天D. 晚上，晚上17.在北半球9000米高度，由低压区飞向高压区，则航线上吹：A. 右侧风B. 左侧风C. 逆风D. 顺风18.在北半球自由大气中，如果航线是左侧风，则高压区在航线的：A. 右侧B. 左侧C. 后方D. 前方19.自由大气中风随高度变化的主要原因是：A. 气温的水平差异B. 气温随高度的变化C. 气压的水平差异D. 气压随高度的变化20.对流层自由大气中，高度增加，风的一般变化规律是：A. 风向趋近于东风，风速增大B. 风向趋近于西风，风速减小C. 风向趋近于东风，风速减小D. 风向趋近于西风，风速增大21.地面风的阵性表现较明显的时间和季节分别是：A. 早晨，冬季B. 早晨，夏季C. 午后，冬季D. 午后，夏季22.地面风的阵性表现较明显的地区特点是：A. 地表粗糙，性质差异大B. 地表平坦，性质差异小C. 地表粗糙，性质差异小D. 地表平坦，性质差异大Answers:习题Chapter 4 CLOUD AND PRECIPITATION1. To which meteorological conditioned does the term "dew point "refer?A. The temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated.B. The temperature at which condensation and evaporation are equal.C. The temperature at which dew will always form.2. The amount of water vapor which air can hold largely depends onA. relative humidity.B. air temperature.C. stability of air3. Clouds, fog, or dew will always form whenA. water vapor condenses.B. water vapor is present.C. the temperature and dew point are equal.4. What weather condition occurs at the altitude where the dewpoint lapse rate and the dry adiabatic lapse rate converge?A. Cloud bases form.B. Precipitation starts.C. Stable air changes to unstable air.5. What are the four families of clouds?A. Stratus, cumulus, nimbus, and cirrus.B. Clouds formed by updrafts, fronts, cooling layers of air, and precipitation into warmair.C. High ,middle, low, and those with extensive vertical development.6. The suffix “nimbus”, used in naming clouds, means aA. cloud with extensive vertical development.B. rain cloud.C. dark massive, towering cloud.7. A high cloud is composed mostly ofA. ozone.B. condensation nuclei.C. ice crystals.8. Stability can be determined from which measurement of the atmosphere?A. Low-level windsB. ambient lapse rateC. atmospheric pressure9. What determines the structure or type of clouds which form as a result of air being forced to ascend?A. the method by which the air is lifted.B. the stability of the air before lifting occurs.C. the amount of condensation nuclei present after lifting occurs.10. Unsaturated air flowing up slope will cool at the rate of approximately (dry adiabatic lapse rate)A. 3℃ per 1000 feet.B. 2℃ per 1000 feet.C. ℃ per 1000 feet.11. What type of clouds will be formed if very stable moist air is forced up slope?A. First stratified clouds and then vertical clouds.B. Vertical clouds with increasing height.C. Stratified clouds with little vertical development.12. What type clouds can be expected when an unstable air mass is forced to ascend a mountain slope?A. Layered clouds with little vertical development.B. Stratified clouds with considerable associated turbulence,C. Clouds with extensive vertical development.13. Which of the following combinations of weather producing variables would likely result in cumuliform-type clouds good visibility rain showers and possible clear—type icing in clouds?A. Unstable moist air and no lifting mechanism.B. Stable dry air and orographic lifting.C. Unstable moist air and orographic lifting,14. Which family of clouds is least likely to contribute to structural icing on an aircraft?A. Low clouds.B. High clouds. with extensive vertical development.15. Which clouds have the greatest turbulence?A. Towering cumulusB. cumulonimbusC. Altocumulus castellanus16. The presence of standing lenticular altocumulus clouds is a good indication ofA. A jet stream．B. Very strong turbulence.C. Heavy icing conditions.17. Fair weather cumulus clouds often indicateA. Turbulence at and below the cloud level.B. Poor visibilityC. Smooth flying conditions18. A ceiling is defined as the height of theA. highest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena aloft that covers over 6/10 of the sky.B. lowest layer of clouds that contributed to the over all overcastC. lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena aloft that is reported as broken orovercast19. What enhance the growth rate of precipitation?A. advective actionB. upward currentsC. cyclonic movement20. The presence of ice pellets at the surface is evidence thatA. these are thunderstorms in the areaB. a cold front has passedC. there is freezing rain at a higher altitude.21. What temperature condition is indicated if wet snow is encountered at your flight altitude?A. The temperature is above freezing at you altitudeB. The temperature is below freezing at your altitude.C. You are flying from a warm air mass into a cold air mass22. Which precipitation type normally indicates freezing rain at higher altitudes?A. SnowB. HailC. Ice pellets23. Select the characteristic (s) associated with the Cumulonimbus Clouds. More than one characteristic may apply.A. HailB. DrizzleC. LightningD. Stable airE. TurbulenceF. Restricted visibility for long periods24.云体高大，底部阴暗，云顶呈园弧形重叠的云是：A. CuB. TCuC. CbD. Sc25.决定大气稳定度的主要因素是：A. r值B. rd 值C. P值D. T值26.一般情况下，大气最不稳定的时间和季节分别是：A. 中午，冬季B. 早上，夏季C. 早上，冬季D. 午后，夏季27.一般情况下，大气最稳定的时间和季节分别是：A. 中午，冬季B. 早上，夏季C. 早上，冬季D. 午后，夏季28.速度最大的垂直运动是：A. 对流B. 系统性升降运动C. 乱流D. 大气波动29.对流运动的水平范围一般为：A. 几公里B. 几十公里C. 几到几十公里D. 几百公里30.对流上升运动形成：A. 积状云B. 层状云C. 波状云D. 堡状云31.大气不稳定时，常产生的垂直运动是：A. 对流和系统性升降运动B. 系统性升降运动和波动C. 波动和乱流D. 乱流和对流32.地球表面热力性质差异大的地区容易产生的垂直运动是：A. 对流和系统性升降运动B. 系统性升降运动和波动C. 波动和乱流D. 乱流和对流33.形成层状云的运动是：A. 对流B. 系统性运动C. 波动D. 乱流34.层状云包括：A. Ns Sc As StB. Sc As Cs FsC. Ci Cs As NsD. Fs Ns As St35.积状云包括：A. Cu TCu Cb FcB. TCu Fc Cc ScC. Cb Sc Ac CuD. Fc Cu Cb Cc36.严重影响飞机起降的低碎云主要是：A. Ns Fc StB. St Fs CuC. Fn St FsD. Fs Ns Fn37.国家气象部门和民航总局规定的计量云量的方法分别是：A. 十分制，八分制B. 八分制，十分制C. 十分制，十分制D. 八分制，八分制38.中云的云底高度通常规定为：A. 1500－4000米B. 2500－5000米C. 3000－6000米D. 2500－6000米Answers:习题Chapter 5 AIR MASSES AND FRONTS1. An air mass is a body of air thatA. has similar cloud formations associated with itB. creates a wind shift as it moves across the Earth's surface．C. covers an extensive area and has fairly uniform properties of temperature and moisture2. What is indicated about an air mass if the temperature remains unchanged or decreases slightly as altitude is increased?A. The air is unstable.B. A temperature inversion exists.C. The air is stable.3. Which weather condition is an example of a nonfrontal instability band?line. B. Advective fog. .4. The general characteristics of unstable air areA. good visibility, showery precipitation, and cumuliform-typed clouds.B. good visibility, steady precipitation, and stratiform-type clouds．C. poor visibility, intermittent precipitation, and cumuliform-typed clouds.．5. What are some characteristics of unstable air?A. Nimbostratus clouds and good Surface visibilityB. Turbulence and poor surface visibility．C. Turbulence and good surface visibility6. What are the characteristics of stable air?A. Good visibility, steady precipitation, and stratus-type clouds．B. Poor visibility, intermittent precipitation, and Cumulus-type clouds．C. Poor visibility，Steady precipitation, and Stratus-type clouds7. Which are characteristics of an unstable cold air mass moving over a warm surface?A. Cumuliform clouds, turbulence, and poor visibility．B. Cumuliform clouds, turbulence, and good visibilityC. Stratiform clouds, smooth air, and poor visibility．8. Which atmospheric factor causes rapid movement of surface fronts?A. Upper winds blowing across the front.B. Upper low located directly over the surface low.C. The cold front overtaking and lifting the warm front.9. What weather difference is found on each side of a "dry line"?A. Extreme temperature difference.B. Dewpoint difference.C. Stratus versus cumulus clouds.10. True／False．When an air mass is warmed from below，it becomes more stable11.True／False．Passage of a fast-moving cold front creates a narrow frontal zone with less severe weather than the passage of a slow moving cold front.12. Steady precipitation with little turbulence precedes what type of front?A. Cold frontB. Warm frontC. Occluded front13. What is the most reliable indication that you have flown through a front?A. Change in pressureB. Change in temperatureC. Change in wind direction14. What conditions favor the formation of a frontal wave?A. A fast-moving warm front overtaking a cold frontB. A deep low pressure are allocated northeast of a ridgeC. A stationary front or slow moving cold front with a strong temperature gradient15. Steady precipitation, in contrast to showers, preceding a front is an indication ofA. Stratiform clouds with moderate turbulence.B. Cumuliform clouds with little or no turbulence.C. Stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence.16.飞机由冷气团一侧垂直穿过稳定的缓行冷锋，首先看到的云是：A. 卷云B. 雨层云C. 高层云D. 高积云17.不稳定的急行冷锋经过机场时，通常会出现的天气现象是：A 晴朗微风的天气 B. 小雨和雾C. 层状云和低能见度D. 积状云、地面大风、阵性降水18.下列在我国能产生地面大风的天气形势是：A. 冷锋后的偏北大风B. 冷锋前的偏北大风C. 冷锋前的偏南大风D. 冷锋后的偏南大风Answers:习题Chapter 6 TURBULENCE1. A pilot reporting turbulence that momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and /or attitude should report it asA. light turbulence.B. moderate turbulenceC. light chop2. If you fly into severe turbulence, which flight condition should you attempt to maintain?A. Constant airspeed (VA)B. Level flight attitude.C. Constantan altitude and constant airspeed.☆3. If severe turbulence is encountered during your IFR flight，the airplane should be slowed to the design maneuvering speed because theA. maneuverability of the airplane will be increased.B. amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing will be decreased.C. airplane will stall at a lower angle of rang of attack, giving an increased margin of safety4. (Refer to Microburst figure below.) If involved in a microburst encounter, in which aircraft positions will the most severe downdraft occur?A. 4 and 5.B. 2 and 3.C. 3 and 4.Figure– Microburst5. (Refer to figure above.) When penetrating a microburst, which aircraft will experience an increase in performance without a change in pitch or power?A. 3.B. 2.C. 1.6. (Refer to figure above.) What effect will a microburst encounter have upon the aircraft in position 3?A. Decreasing headwind.B. Increasing tailwind.C. Strong downdraft.7. (Refer to figure above.) What effect will a microburst encounter have upon the aircraft in position 4?A. Strong tailwind.B. Strong updraft.C. Significant performance increase.8. (Refer to figure above.) How will the aircraft in position 4 be affected by a microburst encounter?A. Performance increasing with a tailwind and updraft.B. Performance decreasing with a tailwind and downdraft.C. Performance decreasing with a headwind and downdraft.9. What is an important characteristic of wind shear?A. It is an atmospheric condition that is associated exclusively with zones of convergence.B. The Coriolis phenomenon in both high- and low-level air masses is the principalgenerating force.C. It is an atmospheric condition that may be associated with a low-level temperatureinversion, a jet Stream, or a frontal zone.10. Which wind-shear condition results in a loss of airspeed?A. Decreasing headwind or tailwind.B. Decreasing headwind and increasing tailwind.C. Increasing headwind and decreasing tailwind.11 Which is a characteristic of low-level wind shear as it relates to frontal activity?A. With a warm front, the most critical period is before the front passes the airport.B. With a cold front, the most critical period is just before the front passes the airport.C. Turbulence will always exits in wind-shear conditions．12. Hazardous wind shear is commonly encountered near the groundA. during periods when the wind velocity is stronger than 35 knots．B. during periods when the wind velocity is stronger than 35 knots and near mountainvalleys.C. during periods of strong temperature inversion and near thunderstorms13. The strength and location of the jet stream is normallyA stronger and farther north in the winterB weaker and farther north in the summerC stronger and farther north in the summer14. Which is a necessary condition for the occurrence of a low-level temperature inversion wind shear?A. The temperature differential between the cold and warm layers must be at least 10 degreesC.B. A calm or light wind near the surface and a relatively strong wind just above theinversion.C. A wind direction difference of at least 30 degrees between the wind near the surfaceand the wind just above the inversion.15. What is the lowest cloud in the stationary group associated with a mountain wave?A. Rotor cloud.B. Standing lenticular.C. Low stratus.16. Possible mountain wave turbulence could be anticipate when winds of 40 knots or greater blowA. across a mountain ridge, and the air is stable.B. down a mountain valley, and the air id unstable.C. parallel to a mountain peak, and the air is stable.17. Where are jetstreams normally located?A. In areas of strong low pressure systems in the stratosphere.B. At the tropopause where intensified temperature gradients are located.C. In a single continuous band, encircling the Earth, where there is a break between theequatorial and polar tropopause.18. Which type clouds may be associated with the jetstream?A. Cumulonimbus cloud line where the jetstream crosses the cold front.B. Cirrus clouds on the equatorial side of the jetstream.C. Cirrostratus cloud band on the polar side and under the jetstream.☆19. What action is appropriate when encountering the first ripple of reported clear air turbulence (CAT)?A. Extend flaps to decrease wind loading.B. Extend gear to provide more drag and increase stability.C. Adjust airspeed to that recommended for rough air.20. Which flight conditions of a large jet airplane create the most severe flight hazard by generating wingtip vortices of the greatest strength?A. Heavy, slow, gear and flaps up.B. Heavy, slow, gear and flaps down.C. Heavy, fast, gear and flaps down.21. Hazardous vortex turbulence that might be encountered behind large aircraft is created only when that aircraft isA. developing lift.B. operating at high airspeeds.C. using high power settings.22. Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend toA. sink below the aircraft generating the turbulence.B. rise from the surface to traffic pattern altitude.C. accumulate and remain for a period of time at the point where the takeoff roll began.23. To avoid the wingtip vortices of a departing jet airplane during takeoff, the pilot shouldA. lift off at a point well past the jet airplane's flight path.B. climb above and stay upwind of the jet airplane's flight path.C. remain below the flight path of the jet airplane.24. If you take off behind a heavy jet that has just landed, you should plan to lift offA. prior to the point where the jet touched down.B. beyond the point where the jet touched down.C. at the point where the jet touched down and on the upwind edge of the runway.25. Discuss the in-flight Visual indications of possible Wind Shear.26.云中飞行颠簸非常强烈的云主要是：A. Tcu, ScB. Sc, AcC. Ac,CbD. Cb,Tcu27.下列何种地区最容易出现山地背风波：A. 丘陵地区B. 山谷风盛行地区C. 孤立山峰的后面D. 高大山脉的背风面上空28.在山地背风波的下降气流中飞行时，除造成飞机掉高度外，还可造成的严重危害是：A. 气压式高度表读数高于实际高度B. 空速表误差增大C. 地速减小D. 实际空速减小29.在机场周围存在下列何种地表时，容易产生飞机颠簸？A. 湖泊与森林B. 水渠与河流C. 河流与山丘D. 草地与庄稼30.在下列何种天气系统中最容易遇到飞机颠簸？A. 急行冷锋B. 气旋C. 地形造成的静止锋D. 锢囚锋31.同一种飞机在低速飞行时，飞行速度越大，飞机颠簸的：A. 范围越小B. 强度越弱C. 强度变化不明显D. 强度越大32.我国青藏高原上空常有较强的飞机颠簸，其原因主要是：A. 高原上空气稀薄，飞机升力小B. 高原上容易形成地形波C. 高原上冷暖空气活跃，常有锋面活动D. 高原上地形起伏，风力大，日照强33.小型飞机尾随大型飞机起降时容易发生事故，其原因是：A. 大型飞机后有较强的尾涡湍流B. 大型飞机排出的废气严重地影响了能见度C. 大型飞机起降时造成了严重的低空风切变D. 大型飞机后有较强的下冲气流34.同一种飞机，机翼载荷越大，飞机颠簸：A. 次数越频繁B. 强度越弱C. 强度越强D. 强度无变化35.高空急流形成的原因是：A. 大气中有大的水平温度梯度B. 冷锋后有大的水平气压梯度C. 越到高处，风速越大，最后形成急流D. 高空槽和高压脊的影响36.晴空乱流出现的一般高度是：A. 距地面1500米至6000米高度范围内B. 距地面6000米以上高度C. 距地面9000米至12000米高度范围内D. 距地面12000米以上高空37.在300百帕等压面图上，等高线密集区即为：A. 高空锋区B. 高空槽区C. 切变线区D. 高空急流区38.对流层顶有断裂现象或坡度较陡时，会出现何种影响飞行的天气现象：A. 大气波动B. 晴空乱流C. 西风急流D. 下冲气流39.我国规定低空风切变的出现高度是：A. 场面高度600米以下B. 场面高度300米以下C. 海平面高度600米以下D. 场面高度1000米以下40.下面那种情况可能引起低空风切变？A. 气旋过后B. 地面有微风且风向不定时C. 飞行中穿过切变线时D. 低空有逆温层，且在其上面有强风时41.下述何种地区最容易出现低空风切变？A. 在气压和温度急剧下降的地区B. 海陆交界地区C. 有雷暴活动的锋面附近D. 空中冷平流较强的地区42.飞机从逆风进入顺风时所遇到的风切变称为：A. 顺风切变B. 逆风切变C. 侧风切变D. 逆顺风切变Answers:humid climates where the bases of convective clouds tend to be low,microbursts are associated with a visible rainshaft. In drier climates, the higher thunderstorm cloud bases result in the evaporation of the rainshaft. The only visible indications under these conditions may be virga at the cloud base and a dust ring on the ground.习题Chapter7 ICING1. What is a feature of supercooled water?A. The water drop sublimates to an ice particle upon impact.B. The unstable water drop freezes upon striking an exposed object.C. The temperature of the water drop remains at 0°C until it impacts a part of the airframe,then clear ice accumulates.2. Which conditions result in the formation of frost?A. The temperature of the collecting surface is at or below freezing and small dropletsof moisture are fallingB. When dew forms and the temperature is below freezingC. Temperature of the collecting surface is below the dew point of surrounding air andthe dew point is colder than freezing.3. When will frost most likely form on aircraft surfaces?A. On clear nights with stable air and light winds.B. On overcast nights with freezing drizzle precipitation.C. On clear nights with convective action and a small temperature/dewpoint spread.4. What condition is necessary for the formation of structural icing in flight?A. Supercooled water drops.B. Water vapor.C. Visible water.5. Which type precipitation is an indication that supercooled water is present?A. Wet snow.B. Freezing rain.C. Ice pellets.6. Which type of icing is associated with the smallest size of water droplet similar to that found in low-level stratus clouds?A. Clear ice.B. Frost ice.C. Rime ice.7. Why is frost considered hazardous to flight operation?A. Frost changes the basic aerodynamic shape of the airfoilB. Frost decreases control effectivenessC. Frost causes early airflow separation resulting in a loss of lift8. In which meteorological environment is aircraft structural icing most likely to have the highest rate of accumulation?A. Cumulonimbus clouds.B. High humidity and freezing temperature.C. Freezing rain9. What is an operational consideration if you fly into rain which freezes on impact?A. You have flown into an area of thunderstorms．B. Temperatures are above freezing at some higher altitude.C. You have flown through a cold front.10. Test data indicate that ice, Snow, or frost having a thickness and roughness similar to medium or coarse sandpaper on the leading edge and upper surface of an airfoilA. reduce lift by as much as 50 percent and increase drag by as much as 50 percentB. increase drag and reduce lift by as much as 25 percent．C. reduce lift by as much as 30 percent and increase drag by 40 percent11. What condition is indicated when ice pellets are encountered during flight?A. Thunderstorms at higher levels.B. Freezing rain at higher levels.C. Snow at higher levels.。
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练习1～3章.1．大气是一种混合物，它包含有哪些？2．在对流层中，对天气变化影响较大的气体是（）。
A. 氮气和氧气B. 氧气和二氧化碳C. 二氧化碳和水汽D. 氧气和臭氧3．局地气温的最低点通常出现在什么时候？4．局地气温的非周期变化受下列哪一个因素的影响最显著（）A. 太阳辐射强度B. 海陆分布C. 季节D. 冷暖空气的水平运动5．目前飞机起降时所用气压表拨正值是？6．航线飞行时用来调整高度表的气压拨正值是？7．飞机进入较强下降气流和上升气流区时，高度指示会分别比实际高度有怎样的偏差？8．当飞机按气压式高度表保持一定高度飞向低压区时，其实际高度的变化是？9．当空气密度低于标准大气时，飞机的起飞载重量和起落滑跑距离受的影响分别是？10．气压相等时，较暖和较湿的空气密度分别比较冷和较干的空气密度要大还是小？11.对流层的特征是？12.地球上发生天气变化最直接的原因是（）。
A. 太阳黑子的活动B. 海岸线走向的改变C. 空气湿度的增加D. 气压的改变14. 地球大气运动的能量来源是？15. 气温日较差随纬度变化的一般特点是？16. 空气的实际水汽压与同温度下的饱和水汽压之比是？17. 地面与大气之间交换热量的主要方式是通过？18. 当云中温度_____而云下温度高于0℃时，云内水凝物降落形成空中是雪而地面为雨的现象。
19. 温室效应是由于。
A．CO2增多，造成大量吸收太阳辐射，导致温度升高B．CO2增多，造成吸收的地面长波辐射增多，导致温度升高C．臭氧层的破坏，导致大气层增暖D．过量排放烟尘，导致地球大气升温20. 露点温度是空气在含水量不变的情况下______使水汽达到饱和时的温度21. 假设大气处于标准状态，则在距离海平面4公里高度处的气温为24. 有云和碧空相比，云层的出现不利于____白天的气温和______夜间的气温。
25. 静止大气在某高度上的气压在数值上等于从该高度到_______单位截面积的铅直空气柱重量。
26. 地面气温27℃，露点温度11℃，露点温度的直减率为0.2摄氏度每百米。
一空气块从地面绝热上升到达饱和状态时所处的高度_____。
27. 当太阳直射北回归线时，______。
28. 在起落时进行高度表订正使用的QNH，是指把机场跑道面的气压按实际大气随高度递减的情况推算到标准海平面上而得到的，是否正确？29. 在空中，如果实际温度比标准大气温度高，那么（）。
A. 实际气压高度比标准大气气压高度高B. 标准大气气压高度比实际气压高度高C. 标准大气气压高度和实际气压高度相等D. 实际气压高度比标准大气气压高度低30. 中纬度地区对流层上界的高度通常是？31. 气块作水平运动和垂直运动时，其温度变化的主要方式分别是？32. 在标准大气中，飞机在空中测得的气温是-24℃，则飞机所在的高度是？33. 假设大气处于标准状态，则在距离海平面3公里高度处的气温是多少？46. 在同一气压条件下，空气的温度越低，单位气压的高度差就越；在同一气温条件下，气压越低，单位气压的高度差就越。
50. 对流层大气热量的主要来源是？51. 大气的基本性质是？52. 大气气溶胶微粒的功用和危害包括哪些？53. 摩擦层中影响气温水平分布的因素有哪些？56. 气温非绝热变化的主要方式有哪些？57. 一个未饱和的湿空气团在外力的抬升下，做上升运动，在上升过程中，空气团的温度恰好始终与环境空气的温度相等,凝结高度为2000米，请你说明环境大气的温度直减率在2000米以下和2000米以上各等于什么？58. 平流层是从( )到55公里左右的大气层A．对流层顶B．行星边界层C. 地表面D．外层59．航空器爬升中遇到冻雨时，可认为（）A、上层云中温度在冰点以上，云下温度在冰点以下B、上层云中温度在冰点以下，云下温度在冰点以上C、上层云中温度在冰点以下，云下温度在冰点以下D：上层云中温度在冰点以上，云下温度在冰点以上60．如果飞行中发生湿雪形式的降水则（）A、飞行高度的温度在冰点以上B、飞行高度以上云层温度在冰点以上C、地面温度在冰点以下D、地面温度在冰点以上61. 气象学规定，以距离地面( )高度处的空气温度作为衡量各地气温的标准。
A．0米B．0.5米C．1米D．1.5米62. 对流层是地球大气的最低层，其下边界为地面或海面，地界（高度）随纬度、季节等因素而变，（）A、在低纬地区平均为17-18公里，中纬地区平均为10-12公里，极地平均为8-9公里；B、冬季对流层高度大于夏季；C、最初20公里以下，气温基本均匀；D、层内气流平稳、对流微弱，而且水汽极少。
63.( )是大气热量输送的重要形式。
A．平流B．对流C．热传导D．辐射64．在( )层次中，温度受地面增热和冷却的影响很大。
A．对流层下层B．行星边界层C．低层D．1KM以下65．行星边界层(摩擦层)即：自地平面至( )高度。
A．0.5—1.0公里B．1.0～2.0公里C．2.0—2.5公里D．3.0公里65．大气静力学方程，表示大气在垂直方向上，所受力达到平衡时，( )随高度的变化规律。
A．气温B．气压C．水汽D．密度66．当温度升高和气压降低时，( )，飞机加速较慢，因而当增加到离地所需要的速度时，飞机沿跑道已滑跑很长一段时间。
A．阻力加大B．推力加大C．阻力减小D．推力减小67．气压高度表是一个高灵敏度的空盒气压表，它是根据气压随高度递增的规律来显示飞行高度。
68．飞机的起飞和着陆，应尽量在逆风条件下进行，因为这样可以使离地速度和着陆速度减小，能缩短飞机起飞滑跑距离和着陆距离69．飞机在平流层中飞行比较平稳，阻力小，但因空气密度很小，故驾驶员操纵的反应力度也小，即可操纵性低于对流层。
70．湍流是对流层中大范围空气热量输送和交换的主要方式，而平流是对流层低层中热量输送和交换的重要方式。
71．大气中的臭氧主要分布在（）公里层，极大值出现在（）公里附近。
A：地面至30公里，10—25公里B：10--30，20—25C：10--40，20—25 D：15--40，20—3072．饱和水汽压是（）的函数，（）越高，饱和水汽压越大。
A：温度，温度B：湿度，湿度C：气压，气压D：高度，高度73．蒸发量的大小主要取决于( )。
A．云量B．湿度C．太阳强度D．风和湍流74．天空的颜色决定于( )。
A．云量B．散射强度和波长C．太阳光D．能见度75．对流层顶的温度和高度主要取决于地表面接受太阳辐射能的多少。
76．相对湿度的大小主要取决于温度，当温度升高时，相对湿度一般是增大的。
77．机场标高是着陆区域（）标高。
A、最低点B、平均海拔高度C、最高点第4章1.北半球航空器由西向东穿越槽线飞行时，风向一般会（）。
2.赤道地区上空1000米高度上，做水平直线运动的空气质点所受到的水平方向的力主要有_____ 。
3.气旋发展时其上空有强烈的什么运动？4.自由大气中风随高度变化，是由于引起的5.海陆风规律是？6.热成风是_____ 随高度的切变。
7.北半球离地1000米上空飞行，如航线上是逆风。
则低压区位于航线的_____ 。
8.北半球离地5000米上空飞行，如航线上是逆风。
则低压区位于航线的_____ 。
9.近地层风由于动量下传作用而有明显的日变化，从日出到午后的变化为____。
10.赤道地区上空1000米高度上，做曲线运动的空气质点所受到的水平方向的力主要有__ ___ 。
11.观测表明近地层中的风具有明显的日变化，其原因主要是由_____ 。
A．摩擦力变化引起B．湍流强度变化引起C．气压梯度力日变化引起D．地转偏向力日变化引起12.在摩擦层中，引起风斜穿等压线吹的原因是（）A.惯性离心力的作用B.热力乱流的作用C.水平气压梯度力和地转偏向力的作用D.摩擦力和地转偏向力的作用15.空气在作水平运动时，是什么力阻止了空气直接从高压区流向低压区？16.形成风的原动力是？17.在北半球与低压区有关的空气环流是（）A.向内、向下和沿反时针方向B.向外、向上和沿顺时针方向C.向外、向下和沿顺时针方向D.向内、向上和沿反时针方向18地转风向随高度顺转时，有什么样的平流？19地面冷高压中空气运动的特点是。
A.中心有下沉运动B.中心有上升运动C.低层有气流外流D.高层有气流外流20.山谷风规律是？21.在气压梯度力、纬度和惯性离心力均相同的情况下，某地气旋中的梯度风Vc与反气旋中的梯度风Vac以及地转风Vg相比，三者的大小关系如何？22.高压中的梯度风是哪些力平衡的结果？23.地转风是在摩擦层中，空气的等速水平运动，是否正确？24.地转风的风速大小取决于水平气压梯度力、空气密度及( )。
A．纬度的高底B．垂直气压梯度力的大小C．地转参数D．摩擦力25.梯度风是地转风的一种特例。
26.在赤道，地转偏向力( )。
A．最大B．最小C．随气压梯度力变化D．与密度有关27.在地面天气图上，当等压线密集时，表示水平气压梯度越大，地面风也越大。
28.水平气压梯度力的大小决定于水平气压梯度和空气密度，其方向垂直于等压线由低压指向高压。
29.阵风的产生是受扰动气流的影响的结果。
30.大气中，垂直方向的气压梯度力通常与重力相平衡，因此水平方向的气压梯度力可以说是水平运动的原动力。
31.在天气图上，等压线越密，梯度风越大。
航空气象练习1大气是一种混合物，它包含。
2．在对流层中，对天气变化影响较大的气体是（）。
A.氮气和氧气B.氧气和二氧化碳C.二氧化碳和水汽D.氧气和臭氧3．局地气温的最低点通常出现在__ ___。
4．局地气温的非周期变化受下列哪一个因素的影响最显著（）A.太阳辐射强度B. 海陆分布C.季节D.冷暖空气的水平运动5．目前飞机起降时所用气压表拨正值是。
6．航线飞行时用来调整高度表的气压拨正值是。
7．飞机进入较强下降气流时，高度指示会比实际高度。
8．当飞机按气压式高度表保持一定高度飞向低压区时，其实际高度的变化是。
9．当空气密度低于标准大气时，飞机的起飞载重量，起落滑跑距离。
10．气压相等时，暖湿空气比干冷空气的密度大还是小。
11.对流层的特征是。
13.空气的实际水汽压与同温度下的饱和水汽压之比叫。
14.地面与大气之间交换热量的主要方式是通过辐射。
15.当云中温度_ ____而云下温度高于0℃时，云内水凝物降落形成空中是雪而地面为雨的现象。
16.温室效应是由于。
A．CO2增多，造成大量吸收太阳辐射，导致温度升高B．CO2增多，造成吸收的地面长波辐射增多，导致温度升高C．臭氧层的破坏，导致大气层增暖D．过量排放烟尘，导致地球大气升温17.假设大气处于标准状态，则在距离海平面4公里高度处的气温为。
18.假定零点高度是_______ 。
A．本站气压值与标准海平面气压值的差值B．本站气压值与海平面气压值的差值C．场面气压值与海平面气压值的差值D．场面气压值与标准海平面气压值的差值19.有云和碧空相比，云层的出现不利于_ ___白天的气温和___ ___夜间的气温。