[VIP专享]Unit.5 Grad Reading Book 1(辽宁大学研究生英语课本)
[课件]选修六 5.14《Unit 5 Reading》
![[课件]选修六 5.14《Unit 5 Reading》](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9a0cdcb6770bf78a65295470.png)
《高中英语》
选修(模块）6-5.14
Reading
Pre-reading volcano
What does a volcanologist’s work look like?
An Exciting Job
I. First reading
Scan and skim the whole text and then finish the multiple-choices.
1.What’s the main idea of para.3 ?
A.Boiling rock which erupts from the volcano and crashes back to earth causes less damage.
B. The lava that flows slowly down the mountain causes far more damage.
• looked down into the red boiling center
Homework
Spend some time researching disaster. You can use books, magazines, newspapers or the Internet. Collect pictures or diagrams and look for information about:
1. Why is a Volcanologist's job important?
Volcanologists study volcanoes so that they can warn people when the volcano is going to erupt and so save many lives.
辽宁省高三英语Unit5 Words and reading 新课标 人教
2) 有吸引力,迎合爱好 appeal to sb. The magazine is intended to appeal to working women in their 20s and 30s. 3) vt.【美】将...上诉,对...上诉 He appealed his case to a higher court. n.1)呼吁,请求[C] [U] He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him. 2) 吸引力,感染力[U]
with
for
at
5.blame vt. 责备,指责 blame sb. for sth. He blamed you _____ the neglect of duty. Many children are afraid of ___________for making mistakes in speaking English. His companion, ________for the accident, had not been driving carefully.
Unit Five New words
1.convey—vt. 1)express 2)communite All this information can be conveyed in a simple diagram. 3)carry,transport Your luggage will be conveyed to the hotel by a taxi. 4) give one’s poverty to The old farmer conveyed his farm to his son.
Unit-5-Book-1-2007年8月8日-学生用书(王朝红)
《新视线大学英语综合技术训练》Students ’Book Unit 5, Book 1Unit 5Part Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the centre.1.A. She has not got any cheese.B.She can ’ t open her drawers.C.Her keys are missing.D.She has lost her handbag.2.A. Where the train is going.B.If he may use the telephone.C.When the train departs.D. Where he can make a phone call.3.A. The man has never been to New York or Boston.B.The man has been to many parts of the country.C.The man has made only a few business tours.D.The man has visited only two cities.4.A. He likes to live close to his working place.B.His family like to live there.C.Living in the suburbs makes him feel lonely.D.Life is not easy in the suburbs.5.A. By trying her luck. B. By improving reading skills.C. By cheating.D. By working hard.6.A. 2/3. B. 1/3. C. 1/2. D. 1/4.7.A. Surprised. B. Delighted. C. Sorry. D. Unhappy.8.A. He’ s often late for work.B.He’ s often in a bad mood.C.He’ ll be hired by a company.D.He has trouble getting up early.9. A. He will visit his friends. B. He will go home.C. He hasn ’ t decided yet.D. He will see his parents.10. A. She thinks the man’ s idea is splendid.B. She does not believe what the man said.C. She enjoys spending her holiday on a beach.D. She likes the beach as much as the man does.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will be asked some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A. Digging out the remaining parts of the trees.B.Removing stones from the fields.C.Building fences.D.Cutting down trees.12.A. Because there are many trees around their houses.B.Because they want to enlarge their farms.C.Because they don ’ t want to be separated from their neighbors.D.Because they can easily build stone walls.13. A. It is wet and soft. B. It is rich and productive.C. It is hard and sandy.D. It is thin and rocky.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14.A. Interesting to babies. B.Difficult to understand.C.Simple to perform.D.Accurate in measurement.15.A. They get tired of familiar objects sooner.B.They are interested in familiar sounds.C.They have better eyesight.D.They like to look at photographs and pictures.16.A. To help babies observe the world.B.To provide children of low intelligence with extra help.C.To compare babies from different families.D. To improve babies’ memory.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17.A. Let him go hungry.B.Punish him.C.Give him something special.D.Urge him to eat.18.A. Nobody.B. The parents.C. The grandmother.D. The boy himself.19.A. She left the boy alone at home.B.She let the boy have cheese and potatoes.C.She threatened the boy for not eating.D.She refused to give the boy what he usually ate.20.A. Ask grandparents for help.B.Let the children make their own decisions.C.Set a good example for the children to follow.D.Don’ t give them what they like.Part Ⅱ Filling in the BlanksA.D irections: Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the words given in brackets.1.The job of the teachers is to _____ (education) the young.2.He continued speaking, _____ (regard) of my feelings on the matter.3.The school president places _____ (emphasize) on English teaching.4.She _____ (threat) that she would make it public.5.There are serious _____ (race) problems in the United States.6.The _____ (efficient) of the government received complaints.7.We heard his _____ (infect) laughter downstairs.8.This accident is a _____ (repeat) of one that happened here three weeks ago.9. I’ d like to go with you but _____ (fortune) I can’ t.10.We start to learn English with the _____ (initiate) letter.11.“ Forgiveme,”said he, with some _____ (embarrass), “ Isuppose I should havecome.”12.Your room is really in complete ______ (confuse).13.These two hotels are both excellent _____ (establish).14.The party was limited to _____ (profession) people in the printing industry.15.If you cannot have children of your own, why not consider _____ (adopt)?16.Tim was in southern China until _____ (recent), but caught heavy cold.17.The oil trade bill totals an _____ (alarm) $45 billion.18.Light clothes are _____ (effect) in keeping cool in warm weather.19.If you _____ (vapor) a liquid, other forms of matter will be left behind.20.When it got dark, the stars _____ (appearance) one by one in the sky.B. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions or adverbs.1.Will you please hand _____ that book to me from the shelf?2.Please hand this letter _____ at the office as you go past.3. I haven’ t managed to mark your papers yet. I’ ll hand them _____ to you on Saturday.4.At the Christmas party Santa Claus handed _____ the presents under the tree.5.The thief was handed _____ to the police.6.The charges against him will not stand _____ in court.7.At parties she is always shy and stands _____.8.He has always stood _____ his friends.9.The letters U.S.A. stand _____ the United States of America.10.The judge asked the witness to stand _____.11.I ’ ll stand _____ for her since she is ill.12.Why do you think that your work stands ____ from that of others?13.They are determined to stand up ____ their rights.14.A soldier must stand up _____ danger.15. Don ’ t just stand _____. Can’ t you lend a hand?16.Retired politicians often sign _____ with top-dollar law firms.17.She signed _____ her share in the property.18.Certain classes of mail have to be signed _____ when they are delivered.19.She could pass _____ a much younger woman.20.Never pass _____ a chance to improve your English.PartⅣ TranslationDirections: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given inbrackets.1.The government __________ 正(在实行计划 ) of helping the unemployed.2.The doctor __________ 诊(断这类疾病是 ) a unique skin disease.3.__________(获得初赛第一名 ), he became more confident.4.This helps parents understand the kinds of peer pressure __________他(们的孩子们所感觉到的 ).5.The growing number of people __________ 感(染艾滋病 ) is quite alarming.6.He put his coat over the child for fear that __________ 她(会着凉 ).7.Breathing normally in a heavily polluted city __________ (相当于 ) smoking a packof cigarettes a day.8.Not only __________ (旧城市获得改良 ), but the new cities were built.9.The headmaster ’orders to have the whole place __________ (立刻打扫洁净 ) was unreasonable since he did not provide any tools.10.By the time we got there, the play __________ 已(经开始了 ).11.How many students are there in your class__________父(母在政府机关工作 )?12.__________ (不是我而是你 )who are the first to run to the goal in that competition.13.__________ (吃的药越多 ), the worse I seem to feel.14. It’ s high time that we采纳坚(决举措) to protect our environment.15.Features such as height, weight, and skin color ______因(人而异 ).16.__________ (游戏刚开始 ) than it began to rain heavily.17.The bridge __________ (以英豪之名命名 ) who gave his life for the cause of thepeople.18.If those shoes are too big, ask the clerk to __________拿(给你一双小一些的 ).19.__________ (和整个地球的大小对比 ), the highest mountain does not seem high atall.20. I’ ll never忘掉(遇到你) for the first time.Part Ⅴ ClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D following the passage. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the centre.Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort for their fellows.1, medical authorities express their2about the effect of smoking3the health not only4those who smoke but also of those who do not. In fact, non-smokers who must5inhale(吸入 ) the air polluted by tobacco smoke may6more than the smokers themselves.As you are doubtlessly 7 , a considerable number of our students have8 in an effort to9the university to ban smoking in the classrooms. I believe they are 10 right in their aim.11 , I would hope that it is12to achieve this by13 the smokers to use good judgment and show concern14others rather than by regulation.Smoking is15 by city laws in theaters and in halls used for16 films as well as in laboratories where there17be a fire hazard. Elsewhere, it is up to your good sense.I am18asking you to maintain19 in the auditoriums, classrooms and seminar rooms. This will prove that you have the non-smoker ’healths and well-being 20 , which is very important to a large number of our students.1.A. Still B. More C. Again D. Further2.A. concern B. trouble C. interest D. displeasure3.A. on B. in C. with D. to4.A. to B. about C. with D. of5.A. involuntarily B. instinctively C. spontaneously D. reluctantly6.A. endure B. suffer C. undergo D. put up with7.A. alert B. awake C. aware D. informed8.A. linked B. connected C. associated D. joined9.A. make B. persuade C. cause D. tell10.A. entirely B. totally C. just D. wholly11.A. But then B. However C. Further D. Moreover12.A. likely B. probable C. capable D. possible13.A. pleading B. begging C. insisting D. calling on14.A. with B. for C. to D. in15.A. prohibited B. stopped C. showing D. preventing16.A. playing B. demonstrating C. showing D. exhibiting17.A. will B. should C. may D. must18.A. hence B. therefore C. subsequently D. so19.A. “ No smoking ”B. “ Non-smoking ” C. “ No smoke” D. “ Non-smoke”20.A. on mind B. in heart C. in mind D. on your mindPart Ⅵ Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to aresearch at Carnegie Mellon University.Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced moredepression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently. And it wasn’ t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that usingthe Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were completely contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television,since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may accountfor the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized( 假定 ). Faceless, bodiless“ virtual”communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure tothe wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.“ But it’ s important to remember this is not about the technology,perse; it’ s about how it is used,” says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel.“ It really points to the need considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services fortechnology. ”1.The best title for this passage would be __________.A. Internet May Cause DepressionB. The Dark Side of InternetC. How to Use Technology ProperlyD. The Importance of Psychological Well-being2.Internet use may cause a decline in psychological well-being because __________.A.people who were already feeling bad spend more time on the InternetB.Internet users thought the world was wider than it really wasC. people were too eager to turn the“ virtual” communication into realityD. people had less time for actual communication with their family andfriends 3. What does the Latin word per se“” (Line 1, Para. 5) mean?A. Probably.B. Absolutely.C. Oneself.D. Itself.4. The sentence“ It really points to⋯for technology-3,Para.. 5)”most(Lineprobably2 means __________.A. bad social effect does not indicate the technology is badB. we should design applications and services for technology according to theirsocial effectC. when we design technological applications and services, their social effectsshould be taken into accountD.social factors play an important part in designing applications and services fortechnology5.What ’ s the tone of the passage?A. Optimistic.B. Critical.C. Objective.D. Arbitrary.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we “ fit ” in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses.For example, we mustjudge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interactions consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits the buyercan choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume服(装 )of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among theclothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit,as well as by our pocketbook (钱包 ). Having made a choice within these limits we canhave certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limitedto what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range ofchoice among them is limited.6.In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us __________.A.determine whether a person is fit for a certain jobB.behave appropriately in relation to other peopleC.protect ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD.make friends with other people7.According to the writer, people often assume different statuses __________.A.in order to identify themselves with othersB.in order to better identify othersC.as their mental processes changeD.as the situation changes8.The word “ appraisal(Line ”6, Para.2)most probably means“ __________” .A. involvementB. appreciationC. assessmentD. presentation9.In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronou“ it” refers to“ __________”.A. fitting our actions to those of other people appropriatelyB. identification of other people’ s statusesC. selecting one ’ s own statusesD. constant mental process10.By saying that “ an American is not free to choosecostumeth of a Chinese peasantor that of a Hindu prince ”(Lines 2~3, Para.3), the writer means __________.A.different people have different styles of clothesB.ready-made clothes may need alterationsC.statuses come ready made just like clothesD.our choice of statuses is limitedPassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.People born in autumn live longer than those born in spring and are less likely tofall chronically( 慢性 ) ill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist. Usingcensus(人口统计) data for more than one million people in Austrian, Denmark and Australia, scientists at the Max Plank Institute for Demographic(人口统计的 ) Researchfound the month of birth was related to life expectancy over the age of 50. Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections occurring at differenttimes of the year could both have an impact on the health of a new-born baby and could influence its life expectancy in older age. “A mother giving birth in spring spends the last stage of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat less vitamins than in summer,” said one of the scientists. “When she stops breast-feeding and starts giving her baby normal food, it ’s in the hot weeks of summer when babies are inclined to infections of the digestive system.”In Austria, adults born in autumn lived about seven months longer than those born in spring, and in Denmark adults with birthdays in autumn outlived those born in spring by about four months. In the southern hemisphere, the picture is similar. Adults born in the Australian autumn lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring. The study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century, using death certificates and census data. Although nutrition at all times of the year has improved since then, the seasonal pattern persists.11.The passage is mainly about ________.A.how the month of birth is related to life expectancyB.how the seasonal pattern affects the health of new-born babiesC.how nutrition in different seasons influences life expectancyD.why people born in autumn are free from chronic illness12.People born in autumn live longer than those born in spring because ________.A.a mother giving birth in spring has less nutrition during her pregnancyB.a mother giving birth in autumn eats more vitamins during the last stage of herpregnancyC.A baby born in spring receives no protection from infectionsD.a baby born in autumn is never subject to any infections13.The term “life expectancy” Line( 4) refers to ________.A.the length of time for each personB. the expectations of a person’s lifeC.the seasonal changes in a person’ lifeD.the average period that a person may expect to live14.Which of the following terms is EXCLUDED from the scientists’DemographicResearch?A.Statistics of births.B.Statistics of deaths.C. Statistics of breast-feeding.D. Statistics of diseases.15.The last sentence of the passage implies that ________.A.the seasonal pattern has an impact on food valuesB.the seasonal pattern determines a person’life expectancyC.the seasonal pattern still influences life expectancy even if nutrition improves atall times of the yearD. the seasonal pattern will not change even if nutrition has improved much inmodern agePart Ⅶ WritingA. Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an Exposition entitled The Tape Recorder. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:Outline:1．录音机用途大。
E时代大学英语——阶梯阅读教程1(Unit5)
★ treasure ★sacrifice ★ heal
n. 财富，珍宝 n. 牺牲 v. 治愈，使……和好
01
However you want to look at it, be willing to do what it may take to heal the relationship. Many friendships stay wounded or destroyed because both wait for the other to make the first move and neither does.
外研社高中英语必修5 U1 Grammar课件 (共张PPT)
Everyday, Lily rides a bike to school happily.
The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.
The beautiful girl in purple is swinging happily.
15、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自 我。。2 021年8 月下午 5时13 分21.8. 217:13 August 2, 2021
16、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。2 021年8 月2日 星期一5 时13分 49秒17 :13:49 2 August 2021
17、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要 自强不 息。下 午5时13 分49秒 下午5 时13分1 7:13:4 921.8.2
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs.
My father __i_s_w_o_r_k_i_n_g_(work) on an important project now in Beijing. My mother, my brother and I miss him very much. He usually __w_r_i_te_s____(write) to us every two weeks. But we __h_a_v_e_n_’_t_h_e_a_r_d____(not hear) from him since last time he wrote t us six weeks ago. I know he ___i_s_d_e_s_ig_n_i_n_g_(design) an important part of the project. His workw__il_l_b_e__fi_n_is_h_e_d_(finish) in May. Then he __w_i_ll_b_e____(be) back to Europe together with us. My brother ___l_o_o_k_s__(look) at the calendar and ___c_o_u_n_t_s_(count) with his fingers every day to see how soon father _____w_i_ll__c_o_m_e___(come) back and ___b_ri_n_g___(bring) us some gifts from China.
辽宁大学出版社英语暑假作业
辽宁大学出版社英语暑假作业一、听力第一节(共5小题，每小题1分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1、Who is the man talking about now?A.His girlfriend.B.His sister.C.His mother.2、What are they talking about?A.A traffic accident.B.A fire.C.A crime.3、Where does the conversation most probably take place?A.At a bookshop.B.At a kitchen.C.At a bank.4、Who was injured?A.George.B.George’s wife.C.George’s wife’s father.5、What do we learn from the conversation?A.Tony could not continue the experiment.B.Tony finished the experiment last night.C.Tony will go on with his experiment.第二节(共15小题，每小题1分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6、Where does this conversation most likely take place?A.In the street.B.At the woman’s home.C.Over the phone.7、What is the woman going to do tonight?A.Help her sister with English.B.Meet her friend at the station.C.Go to an exhibition with her parents.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
高中英语 Unit5 Reading课件1 新人教版选修10
Language points
1. come across 偶然遇见;偶然发现。 我无意中在一本书的封面上看到他的 名字。 I came across his name on the cover of a book. 我刚才偶然碰到你的一个老同学。 I’ve just come across one of your former classmates.
safety.
他
们对安全问题采取无所谓的态度。
3. With so many messages from advertisers filling our daily lives, …(独 立主格结构,作状语)。 一些状语从句的主语如果与主句的主语 不是同一人或事时,可以保留主句的主 语,将连接词删去,并将动词改成-ing形 式或过去分词,这样就形成了独立主格 结构。
6. appeal to 投合……心意;引起……兴趣。 Creative work, such as advertisement design, appeals to me. 创造性的工作,比如广告设计很吸引我。 This exercise appeals strongly to the imagination. 这个练习可以有力地激发想象力。
I don’t think it’s any use going any further. 我认为继续下去没有用处。
10. rely on 依靠,指望 They rely on themselves now, which is much better. 他们现在依靠自己了，这比以前要 好得多。 You can’t rely on him for assistance. 你不能指望他的帮助。
1). –Is that book worth __D__?
Unit.2 Grad Reading Book 1(辽宁大学研究生英语课本)
Reference NotesUnit 2 Art of the TableReading FocusCulinary Delights in ChinaTopic-related InformationChinese cuisineChinese cuisine originated from various regions of China and has become widespread in many other parts of the world. Regional cultural differences vary greatly within China, givmg rise to different styles of food across the nation. Traditionally there are eight major major reglonal cuisines, or Eight Cuisines (八大菜系) coming from Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces. Sometimes four of the Eight Cuisines are given greater emphasis, and are considered to be the dominant culinary heritage of China. They are notably defined along geographical lines: Sichuan (Western China), Guangdong (Southern China), Shandong (Northern China), as well as Huaiyang Cuisine (Eastern China), a major style derived from Jiangsu cuisine and even viewed as the representation of that region's cooking.In modem times, Beijing cuisine and Shanghai cuisine on occasion are also cited along with the classical eight regional styles as the Ten Cuisines (十大菜系).French cuismeFrencn cmsme is a style of cooking derived from the nation of France. It evolved from centuries of social and political change. Ingredients and dishes vary by regmn, Cheese and wine are the major parts of the cuisine, playing different roles regionally and natmnally Frenc cmsme is renowned forr its refined cookng and fresh ingredients.About the textIn this passage, the author uses expository method to explain what culinary delights in China are. The passage is divided into three parts which are subtitled, namely, Regional Chinese Cuisines, Every Dish Has a Story, and Warmth and Hospitality Expressed by Food. The three parts, though independent from each other, work together to serve the topic of Culinary Delights in China. In each part, the authoruses vivid details to support the main idea.The author uses very specific and vivid words, interesting stories as well as a touch of humor when trying to represent the culinary delights. On the whole, the passage provides us acheerful and witty reading.参考译文中餐被公认为全球最佳美食之一，其种类之丰富，工艺之繁复，使其理所当然地成为游客大快朵颐的乐事之一。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Reference NotesUnit 6 Living a Healthier LifeReading FocusYoga in AmericaTopic-related InformationYoga means "union" in Sanscrit, the language ofindia where yoga originated. Yogacombines physical exercises, mental medi- tation, and breathing techniques to strengthen the muscles and relieve stress. It's the union between the mind, body and spirit. Yoga has been practiced for thousands of years as a life philosophy to connect the individual self with what practitioners call the Divine, Universal Spirit, or Cosmic Consciousness. Yogais best known as a type of exercise system that stretches and strengthens the body through various poses called asanas. But yoga goes far beyond just a mere exercise routine. One of the most compelling reasons to begin practicing is the holistic outlook it takes—working mind, body, and spirit. Body-mind yoga is a very diverse practice, no matter which school you choose. Young and old people can gain many benefits from regular yoga practices, and asanas can be adjusted to fit physical limitations and other complications.Nowadays, yoga exercises have become more and more popular all over the world. Yoga is not just a physical exercise, but a mental discipline, which offers great benefits when practiced regularly. Apart from physical fitness, you can also get complete relaxation of mind by making yoga exercises an integral part of your life.There are many different schools of yoga, all of which have their own unique practices and philosophies. The prominent types are: Bhakti yoga, Hatha yoga, Jnana yoga, Karma yoga and Kundalini yoga. Almost all types of yoga have their unique qualities. The most common form is Hatha yoga, which includes postures (asanas) and various breathing techniques (pranayama).About the textThis passage is taken from Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine and Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health, 2002, which is designed for students of nursing and the allied health professions, caregivers, and the educated lay readers. It is a five-volume set including over 850 signed articles on various aspects of nursing. It covers nursing and allied healthcare educa- tion and training, current health issues(viewpoints, professional implications), tests and procedures (descriptions, precautions, aftercare), and quipment/tools (descriptions, operation, healthcare team roles), as well as diseases (causes, diagnosis, treatment) and human biology/body systems (functions, role in human health). The book focuses primarily on the interests of nurses and allied health professionals. The essays were contributed by physicians, nurses, and other health professionals.This passage is an expository essay on yoga. It gives a brief introduction to the origin of yoga, its quick spread in the US, as well as the benefits of doing yoga. The author also talks about the different schools of yoga and their focuses. At the same time, he gives the beginners of yoga some tips for practice.Since the passage is an exposition, long sentences and passive voice are used a lot. However, the author makes a point of writing in clear language so readers will fully understand him.参考译文“瑜伽”这个词源于梵语，意思是“结合”或“联合”。
传统上瑜伽是一种把个人和神，万物之灵或无穷的意识联合在一起的方法。
为了帮助达到这个也被称为“自我超越”或“启蒙”的目的，设计了身体上和精神上的锻炼方法。
在身体上，设计了各种瑜伽姿势来使人的身体结实、强壮，有协调性，练习这些体位能使脊柱变得柔软健康，血液更通畅地到达各器官、腺或人体组织，从而使身体各系统更健康。
在精神上，瑜伽使用呼吸法（梵语为pranayama）和冥想使心境平和、净化，精神得到很好的修养。
但是专家们很快指出瑜伽不是一种宗教，而是将健康与平和的心境结合在一起的一种生活方式。
瑜伽在美国道格拉斯·多普勒1. 瑜伽起源于古印度，是世界上最古老的哲学体系之一。
一些学者估计，瑜伽至少有5,000年的历史，印度曾出土过3,000午前的表现瑜伽姿势的手工艺品。
瑜伽师们认为，经过几千年的考验和完善，瑜伽已经发展成为一门养生的成熟科学。
19世纪晚期，印度学者、瑜伽师斯瓦米·维韦卡南达在芝加哥做了一场关于冥想的演讲，从此瑜伽传人了美国。
慢慢地有人开始练习瑜伽，并在20世纪60年代东方哲学热盛行的时候形成了学习瑜伽的高潮。
从此，瑜伽知识在美国传播开来，许多学徒专程前往印度学习，很多印度瑜伽师也来到美国教学，创办了大量瑜伽学校。
今天的美国，瑜伽已十分盛行，瑜伽教练和练习者随处可见。
最近一项由《瑜伽月刊》委托洛普民调机构所做的调查显示，有1，100万的美国人至少会偶尔做一次瑜伽，另有600万的美国人会经常做瑜伽。
瑜伽已被广泛应用于物理治疗法（或译“理疗法”）和专业运动队的日常训练，做瑜伽的好处也被电影明星和《财富》杂志世界500强企业的总裁们争相吹捧。
许多医学名校已经研究并提出能够有效缓解疾病和压力的瑜伽术了。
包括加州大学洛杉矾分校在内的一些医学院甚至还为内科医学专业的学生开设了瑜伽课程。
2. 美国有许多不同的诃陀（或译为“哈他”）瑜伽学派，其中影响最大的是艾扬格派和阿斯汤加派。
艾扬格瑜伽的创立者是波·可·斯·艾扬格，他是世界上目前仍健在的最伟大的瑜伽改革者之一。
艾扬格瑜伽十分注重姿势的精准，它采用新的方式和顺序练习传统瑜伽。
艾扬格瑜伽可促进理疗，因为它允许练习者使用瑜伽伸展带、瑜伽砖等辅助器材来减少做瑜伽动作的难度。
阿斯汤加瑜伽有着更精准的要求，练习者要用舞蹈般流畅的动作来练习传统瑜伽，从而使身体发热，并通过出汗和深呼吸来净化自己的身体。
3. 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。
根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。
每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度，这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。
练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。