欧盟进口规定
商务部关于原产于欧盟的进口相关白兰地反倾销调查初步裁定的公告
商务部关于原产于欧盟的进口相关白兰地反倾销调查初步裁定的公告文章属性•【制定机关】商务部•【公布日期】2024.08.29•【文号】商务部公告2024年第35号•【施行日期】2024.08.29•【效力等级】部门规范性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】公平贸易正文商务部公告2024年第35号关于原产于欧盟的进口相关白兰地反倾销调查初步裁定的公告根据《中华人民共和国反倾销条例》（以下称《反倾销条例》）的规定，2024年1月5日，商务部（以下称调查机关）发布2024年第1号公告，决定对原产于欧盟的进口装入200升以下容器的蒸馏葡萄酒制得的烈性酒（以下称被调查产品或相关白兰地）进行反倾销调查。
调查机关对被调查产品是否存在倾销和倾销幅度、被调查产品是否对国内产业造成损害及损害程度以及倾销与损害之间的因果关系进行了调查。
根据调查结果和《反倾销条例》第二十四条的规定，调查机关作出初步裁定（见附件1）。
现就有关事项公告如下：一、初步裁定调查机关初步认定，原产于欧盟的进口相关白兰地存在倾销，国内相关白兰地产业受到实质损害威胁，而且倾销与实质损害威胁之间存在因果关系。
二、被调查产品及调查范围调查范围：原产于欧盟的进口装入200升以下容器的蒸馏葡萄酒制得的烈性酒。
被调查产品名称：装入200升以下容器的蒸馏葡萄酒制得的烈性酒（通常称白兰地）。
英文名称：Spirits obtained by distilling grape wine in containers holding less than 200 liters (usually called Brandy)。
产品描述：以葡萄、葡萄汁（浆）、葡萄皮渣、葡萄酒等为原料制得的烈性酒。
用途：主要作为饮料酒供人消费。
该产品归在《中华人民共和国进出口税则》：22082000。
该税则号项下装入200升及以上容器的蒸馏葡萄酒制得的烈性酒不在本次调查范围之内。
三、初裁倾销幅度初裁确定的各公司倾销幅度在本公告附件2中列明。
欧盟进口食品标准
欧盟进口食品标准欧盟对进口食品有一套严格的标准和规定，这些标准旨在保护消费者的健康和安全，确保食品的质量和卫生。
进口食品必须符合欧盟的法规要求，才能在欧盟市场上销售。
以下是一些关于欧盟进口食品标准的关键点：1. 食品安全法规：欧盟实施了一系列食品安全法规，包括针对食品生产、加工、包装、运输和销售的规则。
这些法规涵盖了食品的整个生命周期，以确保食品从农场到餐桌的安全。
2. 卫生和兽医法规：进口的动物源性食品必须遵守欧盟的卫生和兽医规定，这些规定旨在防止动物疾病和食品污染。
3. 植物卫生法规：植物和植物产品进口必须遵守欧盟的植物卫生法规，以确保不会引入植物病虫害。
4. 食品添加剂和调味剂：欧盟对食品添加剂和调味剂的使用有严格的限制，进口食品必须遵守这些规定。
5. 标签和包装：进口食品必须符合欧盟的标签和包装要求，包括食品成分、营养信息、生产日期、保质期和任何必要的警告或说明。
6. 食品接触材料：与食品直接接触的材料（如塑料、金属、纸张等）必须符合欧盟的安全标准，以确保不会对食品造成污染。
7. 食品残留物和污染物：欧盟对食品中的残留物和污染物有严格的限量标准，进口食品必须遵守这些标准。
8. 动物福利：欧盟对动物福利有明确的要求，进口的动物源性食品必须来自符合动物福利标准的生产过程。
9. 进口授权和认证：某些食品和食品生产国可能需要获得欧盟的进口授权或认证，以证明它们符合欧盟的标准。
10. 监控和合规：欧盟对进口食品进行监控，以确保遵守上述规定。
不遵守这些规定的食品可能会被拒绝入境或从市场上召回。
欧盟的食品进口标准是不断变化的，因此，食品生产商和出口商需要密切关注欧盟法规的最新发展，并确保他们的产品符合最新的要求。
欧盟新食品卫生法进口要求及执行相关事项指南
欧盟新食品卫生法进口要求及执行相关事项指南引言欧盟（European Union，EU）作为全球最大的经济体之一，其食品监管法规备受关注。
近期，欧盟新食品卫生法规（EU Regulation (EC) No 852/2004）对进口食品的要求进行了更新和强化。
本指南旨在为食品生产企业和出口商提供相关指导，以确保满足欧盟新的进口要求并顺利进行食品出口业务。
进口要求注册和批准在欧盟新食品卫生法规中，生产企业和出口商需要在欧盟成员国进行注册和批准。
具体要求如下：•必须将企业注册为食品生产者，以获得欧盟层面的批准。
•食品生产企业还需要获得各个欧盟成员国的批准，方可进行食品出口。
•注册和批准的具体程序和要求因成员国而异，应根据目标国家的相关法规进行具体操作。
食品安全管理系统（FSMS）欧盟新法规要求提供证明具备食品安全管理系统（FSMS）的证据。
以下是一些常见的FSMS：•Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point（HACCP）系统。
•ISO 22000等国际标准要求的食品安全管理系统。
•具备食品安全相关证书或认证的企业有利于顺利通过欧盟的进口检查。
条码标签和包装欧盟新法规对进口食品的条码标签和包装提出了更新的要求。
以下是需要注意的事项：•食品包装必须清晰地标明产品的名称、净含量、食品成分、生产日期和保质期等重要信息。
•食品包装上的条码必须符合欧盟的标准，并能够被欧盟成员国的批发商和零售商识别。
执行事项资质检查在进行食品出口前，应对企业进行全面的资质检查，确保符合欧盟新食品卫生法规的要求。
以下是资质检查的一些关键事项：•检查食品生产企业和产品是否符合欧盟新食品卫生法规的要求。
•检查是否获得了必要的注册和批准，并确保这些注册和批准是有效的。
•检查食品安全管理系统（FSMS）是否完善并得到证明。
食品检验和抽样欧盟对进口食品进行抽样和检验以确保食品符合其要求。
以下是相关事项的一些指导：•商品进口前，需要提供相关食品样品供检验使用。
《欧盟议会和理事会第20161036号关于防止从非欧盟成员国倾销性进口的规章》(EN)
REGULATION (EU) 2016/1036 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCILof 8 June 2016on protection against dumped imports from countries not members of the European Union(codification)THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 207(2) thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure (1),Whereas:(1) Council Regulation (EC) No 1225/2009 (2) has been substantially amended several times (3). In the interests of clarity and rationality, that Regulation should be codified.(2) The Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (‘the 1994 Anti-Dumping Agreement’) contains detailed rules, relating in particular to the calculation of dumping, procedures for initiating and pursuing an investigation, including the establishment and treatment of the facts, the imposition of provisional measures, the imposition and collection of anti-dumping duties, the duration and review of anti-dumping measures and the public disclosure of information relating to anti-dumping investigations.(3) In order to ensure a proper and transparent application of the rules of the 1994 Anti-Dumping Agreement, the language of that agreement should be reflected in Union legislation to the best extent possible.(4) In applying the rules of the 1994 Anti-Dumping Agreement, it is essential, in order to maintain the balance of rights and obligations which the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (‘GATT’) established, that the Union take account of the interpretation of those rules by the Union's major trading partners.(5) It is desirable to set out clear and detailed rules on the calculation of the normal value. In particular, such value should in all cases be based on representative sales in the ordinary course of trade in the exporting country. It is expedient to give guidance as to when parties may be considered as being associated for the purpose of determining dumping. It is expedient to define the circumstances in which domestic sales may be considered to be made at a loss and may be disregarded, and in which recourse may be had to remaining sales, or to constructed normal value, or to sales to a third country. It is also appropriate to provide for a proper allocation of costs, even in start-up situations, and for guidance as to the definition of start-up and the extent and method of allocation. It is also necessary, when constructing the normal value, to indicate the methodology to be applied in determining the amounts for selling, general and administrative costs and the profit margin that should be included in such value.(6)When determining the normal value for non-market-economy countries, it appears prudent to set out rules for choosing the appropriate market-economy third country to be used for such purpose and, where it is not possible to find a suitable third country, to provide that the normal value may be established on any other reasonable basis. 30.6.2016 L 176/21Official Journal ofthe European Union(7) It is expedient to define the export price and to enumerate the adjustments which should be made in those caseswhere a reconstruction of that price from the first open-market price is deemed necessary.(8) For the purpose of ensuring a fair comparison between the export price and the normal value, it is advisable tolist the factors which may affect prices and price comparability and to set out specific rules as to when and how the adjustments should be made, including the fact that any duplication of adjustments should be avoided. It is also necessary to provide that comparison may be made using average prices although individual export prices may be compared to an average normal value where the former vary by customer, region or time period.(9) It is desirable to set out clear and detailed guidance as to the factors which may be relevant for the determinationof whether the dumped imports have caused material injury or are threatening to cause injury. In demonstrating that the volume and price levels of the imports concerned are responsible for injury sustained by the Union industry, attention should be given to the effect of other factors and in particular prevailing market conditions in the Union.(10) It is advisable to define the term ‘Union industry’ and to provide that parties related to exporters may be excludedfrom such an industry, and to define the term ‘related’. It is also necessary to provide for anti-dumping action to be taken on behalf of producers in a region of the Union and to set out guidelines on the definition of such a region.(11) It is necessary to specify who may lodge an anti-dumping complaint, including the extent to which it should besupported by the Union industry, and the information on dumping, injury and causation which such a complaint should contain. It is also expedient to specify the procedures for the rejection of complaints or the initiation of proceedings.(12) It is necessary to specify the manner in which interested parties should be given notice of the information whichthe authorities require. Interested parties should have ample opportunity to present all relevant evidence and to defend their interests. It is also desirable to set out clearly the rules and procedures to be followed during the investigation, in particular the rules whereby interested parties are to make themselves known, present their views and submit information within specified time limits, if such views and information are to be taken into account. It is also appropriate to set out the conditions under which an interested party may have access to, and comment on, information presented by other interested parties. There should also be cooperation between the Member States and the Commission in the collection of information.(13) It is necessary to set out the conditions under which provisional duties may be imposed, including conditionswhereby provisional duties may be imposed no earlier than 60 days from initiation and no later than nine months thereafter. For administrative reasons, it is also necessary to provide that such duties may in all cases be imposed by the Commission, either directly for a nine-month period or in two stages of six and three months.(14) It is necessary to set out procedures for accepting undertakings which eliminate dumping and injury instead ofimposing provisional or definitive duties. It is also appropriate to specify the consequences of a breach or withdrawal of undertakings and that provisional duties may be imposed in cases of suspected violation or where further investigation is necessary to supplement the findings. In accepting undertakings, care should be taken that the proposed undertakings, and their enforcement, do not lead to anti-competitive behaviour.(15) It is necessary to provide that the termination of cases should, irrespective of whether definitive measures areadopted or not, normally take place within 12 months, and in no case more than 15 months, of the initiation of the investigation.(16) Investigations or proceedings should be terminated where the dumping is de minimis or the injury is negligible,and it is appropriate to define those situations. Where measures are to be imposed, it is necessary to provide for(17) It is necessary to provide for retroactive collection of provisional duties if that is deemed appropriate and todefine the circumstances which may trigger the retroactive application of duties to avoid the undermining of the definitive measures to be applied. It is also necessary to provide that duties may be applied retroactively in cases of breach or withdrawal of undertakings.(18) It is necessary to provide that measures are to lapse after five years unless a review indicates that they should bemaintained. It is also necessary to provide, in cases where sufficient evidence is submitted of changed circumstances, for interim reviews or for investigations to determine whether refunds of anti-dumping duties are warranted. It is also appropriate to provide that, in any recalculation of dumping which necessitates a reconstruction of export prices, duties are not to be treated as a cost incurred between importation and resale where those duties are being reflected in the prices of the products subject to measures in the Union.(19) It is necessary to provide specifically for the reassessment of export prices and dumping margins where the dutyis being absorbed by the exporter through a form of compensatory arrangement and the measures are not being reflected in the prices of the products subject to measures in the Union.(20) The 1994 Anti-Dumping Agreement does not contain provisions regarding the circumvention of anti-dumpingmeasures, though a separate GATT Ministerial Decision recognised circumvention as a problem and referred it to the GATT Anti-dumping Committee for resolution. Given the failure of the multilateral negotiations so far and pending the outcome of the referral to the World Trade Organisation (‘WTO’) Anti-Dumping Committee, Union legislation should contain provisions to deal with practices, including mere assembly of goods in the Union or a third country, which have as their main aim the circumvention of anti-dumping measures.(21) It is also desirable to clarify which practices constitute circumvention of the measures in place. Circumventionpractices may take place either inside or outside the Union. It is consequently necessary to provide that exemptions from the extended duties which may be granted to importers may also be granted to exporters when duties are being applied to address circumvention taking place outside the Union.(22) It is expedient to permit the suspension of anti-dumping measures where there is a temporary change in marketconditions which makes the continued imposition of such measures temporarily inappropriate.(23) It is necessary to provide that imports under investigation may be made subject to registration upon importationin order to enable measures to be subsequently applied against such imports.(24) In order to ensure the proper enforcement of measures, it is necessary that Member States monitor, and report tothe Commission on, the import trade of products subject to investigation or subject to measures, as well as the amount of duties collected under this Regulation.(25) It is expedient to provide for verification visits to check information submitted on dumping and injury, suchvisits being, however, conditional on proper replies to questionnaires being received.(26) It is essential to provide for sampling in cases where the number of parties or transactions is large in order topermit completion of investigations within the appointed time limits.(27) It is necessary to provide that, where parties do not cooperate satisfactorily, other information may be used toestablish findings and that such information may be less favourable to the parties than if they had cooperated.(28) Provision should be made for the treatment of confidential information so that business secrets are not divulged.(30) It is prudent to provide for an administrative system under which arguments can be presented as to whethermeasures are in the Union's interest, including consumers' interest, and to specify the time limits within which such information has to be presented as well as the disclosure rights of the parties concerned.(31) The implementation of this Regulation requires uniform conditions for the adoption of provisional and definitiveduties, and for the termination of an investigation without measures. Those measures should be adopted by the Commission in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council (1).(32) The advisory procedure should be used for the adoption of provisional measures given the effects of suchmeasures and their sequential logic in relation to the adoption of definitive measures. It should also be used for the acceptance of undertakings, initiation and non-initiation of expiry reviews, suspension of measures, extension of the suspension of measures and the reinstatement of measures given the effect of such measures as compared to definitive measures. Where a delay in the imposition of measures would cause injury which would be difficult to repair, it is necessary to allow the Commission to adopt immediately applicable provisional measures,HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:Article 1Principles1.An anti-dumping duty may be imposed on any dumped product whose release for free circulation in the Union causes injury.2. A product is to be considered as being dumped if its export price to the Union is less than a comparable price fora like product, in the ordinary course of trade, as established for the exporting country.3.The exporting country shall normally be the country of origin. However, it may be an intermediate country, except where, for example, the products are merely transhipped through that country, or the products concerned are not produced in that country, or there is no comparable price for them in that country.4.For the purposes of this Regulation, ‘like product’ means a product which is identical, that is to say, alike in all respects, to the product under consideration, or, in the absence of such a product, another product which, although not alike in all respects, has characteristics closely resembling those of the product under consideration.Article 2Determination of dumpingA.NORMAL VALUE1.The normal value shall normally be based on the prices paid or payable, in the ordinary course of trade, by independent customers in the exporting country.However, where the exporter in the exporting country does not produce or does not sell the like product, the normal value may be established on the basis of prices of other sellers or producers.Prices between parties which appear to be associated or to have a compensatory arrangement with each other may not be considered to be in the ordinary course of trade and may not be used to establish the normal value unless it is determined that they are unaffected by the relationship.In order to determine whether two parties are associated, account may be taken of the definition of related parties set out in Article 127 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447 (1).2.Sales of the like product intended for domestic consumption shall normally be used to determine the normal value if such sales volume constitutes 5 % or more of the sales volume of the product under consideration to the Union. However, a lower volume of sales may be used when, for example, the prices charged are considered representative for the market concerned.3.When there are no or insufficient sales of the like product in the ordinary course of trade, or where, because of the particular market situation, such sales do not permit a proper comparison, the normal value of the like product shall be calculated on the basis of the cost of production in the country of origin plus a reasonable amount for selling, general and administrative costs and for profits, or on the basis of the export prices, in the ordinary course of trade, to an appropriate third country, provided that those prices are representative.A particular market situation for the product concerned within the meaning of the first subparagraph may be deemed to exist, inter alia, when prices are artificially low, when there is significant barter trade, or when there are non-commercial processing arrangements.4.Sales of the like product in the domestic market of the exporting country, or export sales to a third country, at prices below unit production costs (fixed and variable) plus selling, general and administrative costs may be treated as not being in the ordinary course of trade by reason of price, and may be disregarded in determining the normal value, only if it is determined that such sales are made within an extended period in substantial quantities, and are at prices which do not provide for the recovery of all costs within a reasonable period of time.If prices which are below costs at the time of sale are above weighted average costs for the period of investigation, such prices shall be considered to provide for recovery of costs within a reasonable period of time.The extended period of time shall normally be one year but shall in no case be less than six months, and sales below unit cost shall be considered to be made in substantial quantities within such a period when it is established that the weighted average selling price is below the weighted average unit cost, or that the volume of sales below unit cost is not less than 20 % of sales being used to determine normal value.5.Costs shall normally be calculated on the basis of records kept by the party under investigation, provided that such records are in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles of the country concerned and that it is shown that the records reasonably reflect the costs associated with the production and sale of the product under consideration.If costs associated with the production and sale of the product under investigation are not reasonably reflected in the records of the party concerned, they shall be adjusted or established on the basis of the costs of other producers or exporters in the same country or, where such information is not available or cannot be used, on any other reasonable basis, including information from other representative markets.Consideration shall be given to evidence submitted on the proper allocation of costs, provided that it is shown that such allocations have been historically utilised. In the absence of a more appropriate method, preference shall be given to the allocation of costs on the basis of turnover. Unless already reflected in the cost allocations under this subparagraph, costs shall be adjusted appropriately for those non-recurring items of cost which benefit future and/or current production.Where the costs for part of the period for cost recovery are affected by the use of new production facilities requiring substantial additional investment and by low-capacity utilisation rates, which are the result of start-up operations which take place within or during part of the investigation period, the average costs for the start-up phase shall be those applicable, under the abovementioned allocation rules, at the end of such a phase, and shall be included at that level, for the period concerned, in the weighted average costs referred to in the second subparagraph of paragraph 4. The length of a start-up phase shall be determined in relation to the circumstances of the producer or exporter concerned, but shall not exceed an appropriate initial portion of the period for cost recovery. For this adjustment to costs applicable during the investigation period, information relating to a start-up phase which extends beyond that period shall be taken into account where it is submitted prior to verification visits and within three months of the initiation of the investigation.6.The amounts for selling, for general and administrative costs and for profits shall be based on actual data pertaining to production and sales, in the ordinary course of trade, of the like product by the exporter or producer under investigation. When such amounts cannot be determined on that basis, the amounts may be determined on the basis of:(a) the weighted average of the actual amounts determined for other exporters or producers subject to investigation inrespect of production and sales of the like product in the domestic market of the country of origin;(b) the actual amounts applicable to production and sales, in the ordinary course of trade, of the same general categoryof products for the exporter or producer in question in the domestic market of the country of origin;(c) any other reasonable method, provided that the amount for profit so established shall not exceed the profit normallyrealised by other exporters or producers on sales of products of the same general category in the domestic market of the country of origin.7. (a) In the case of imports from non-market-economy countries (1), the normal value shall be determined on the basisof the price or constructed value in a market economy third country, or the price from such a third country to other countries, including the Union, or, where those are not possible, on any other reasonable basis, including the price actually paid or payable in the Union for the like product, duly adjusted if necessary to include a reasonable profit margin.An appropriate market-economy third country shall be selected in a not unreasonable manner, due account being taken of any reliable information made available at the time of selection. Account shall also be taken of time limits. Where appropriate, a market-economy third country which is subject to the same investigation shall be used.The parties to the investigation shall be informed shortly after its initiation of the market-economy third country envisaged and shall be given 10 days to comment.(b) In anti-dumping investigations concerning imports from the People's Republic of China, Vietnam and Kazakhstanand any non-market-economy country which is a member of the WTO at the date of the initiation of the investigation, the normal value shall be determined in accordance with paragraphs 1 to 6, if it is shown, on the basis of properly substantiated claims by one or more producers subject to the investigation and in accordance with the criteria and procedures set out in point (c), that market-economy conditions prevail for this producer or producers in respect of the manufacture and sale of the like product concerned. When that is not the case, the rules set out under point (a) shall apply.(c) A claim under point (b) must be made in writing and contain sufficient evidence that the producer operatesunder market-economy conditions, that is if:— decisions of firms regarding prices, costs and inputs, including for instance raw materials, cost of technology and labour, output, sales and investment, are made in response to market signals reflecting supply and demand, and without significant State interference in that regard, and costs of major inputs substantially reflect market values,— firms have one clear set of basic accounting records which are independently audited in line with international accounting standards and are applied for all purposes,— the production costs and financial situation of firms are not subject to significant distortions carried over from the former non-market-economy system, in particular in relation to depreciation of assets, other write- offs, barter trade and payment via compensation of debts,— the firms concerned are subject to bankruptcy and property laws which guarantee legal certainty and stability for the operation of firms, and— exchange rate conversions are carried out at the market rate.A determination whether the producer meets the criteria referred to under this point shall normally be madewithin seven months of, but in any event not later than eight months after, the initiation of the investigation, after the Union industry has been given an opportunity to comment. That determination shall remain in force throughout the investigation. The Commission shall provide information to the Member States concerning its analysis of claims made pursuant to point (b) normally within 28 weeks of the initiation of the investigation.(d) When the Commission has limited its investigation in accordance with Article 17, a determination pursuant topoints (b) and (c) of this paragraph shall be limited to the parties included in the investigation and any producer that receives individual treatment pursuant to Article 17(3).B.EXPORT PRICE8.The export price shall be the price actually paid or payable for the product when sold for export from the exporting country to the Union.9.In cases where there is no export price or where it appears that the export price is unreliable because of an association or a compensatory arrangement between the exporter and the importer or a third party, the export price may be constructed on the basis of the price at which the imported products are first resold to an independent buyer, or, if the products are not resold to an independent buyer or are not resold in the condition in which they were imported, on any reasonable basis.In those cases, adjustment for all costs, including duties and taxes, incurred between the importation and resale, and for profits accruing, shall be made so as to establish a reliable export price, at the Union frontier level.The items for which adjustment shall be made shall include those normally borne by an importer but paid by any party, either inside or outside the Union, which appears to be associated or to have a compensatory arrangement with the importer or exporter, including usual transport, insurance, handling, loading and ancillary costs, customs duties, any anti-dumping duties, and other taxes payable in the importing country by reason of the importation or sale of the goods, and a reasonable margin for selling, general and administrative costs and profit.PARISON10. A fair comparison shall be made between the export price and the normal value. This comparison shall be made at the same level of trade and in respect of sales made at, as closely as possible, the same time and with due account taken of other differences which affect price comparability. Where the normal value and the export price as established are not on such a comparable basis, due allowance, in the form of adjustments, shall be made in each case, on its merits, for differences in factors which are claimed, and demonstrated, to affect prices and price comparability. Any duplication when making adjustments shall be avoided, in particular in relation to discounts, rebates, quantities and level of trade. When the specified conditions are met, the factors for which adjustment can be made are listed as follows:(a) Physical characteristicsAn adjustment shall be made for differences in the physical characteristics of the product concerned. The amount of the adjustment shall correspond to a reasonable estimate of the market value of the difference.(b) Import charges and indirect taxes(c) Discounts, rebates and quantitiesAn adjustment shall be made for differences in discounts and rebates, including those given for differences in quantities, if those are properly quantified and are directly linked to the sales under consideration. An adjustment may also be made for deferred discounts and rebates if the claim is based on consistent practice in prior periods, including compliance with the conditions required to qualify for the discount or rebates.(d) Level of trade(i) An adjustment for differences in levels of trade, including any differences which may arise in OEM (originalequipment manufacturer) sales, shall be made where, in relation to the distribution chain in both markets, it is shown that the export price, including a constructed export price, is at a different level of trade from the normal value and the difference has affected price comparability, which is demonstrated by consistent and distinct differences in functions and prices of the seller for the different levels of trade in the domestic market of the exporting country. The amount of the adjustment shall be based on the market value of the difference.(ii) However, in circumstances not envisaged under point (i), when an existing difference in level of trade cannot be quantified because of the absence of the relevant levels on the domestic market of the exporting countries, or where certain functions are shown clearly to relate to levels of trade other than the one which is to be used in the comparison, a special adjustment may be granted.(e) Transport, insurance, handling, loading and ancillary costsAn adjustment shall be made for differences in the directly related costs incurred for conveying the product concerned from the premises of the exporter to an independent buyer, where such costs are included in the prices charged. Those costs shall include transport, insurance, handling, loading and ancillary costs.(f) PackingAn adjustment shall be made for differences in the directly related packing costs for the product concerned.(g) CreditAn adjustment shall be made for differences in the cost of any credit granted for the sales under consideration, provided that it is a factor taken into account in the determination of the prices charged.(h) After-sales costsAn adjustment shall be made for differences in the direct costs of providing warranties, guarantees, technical assistance and services, as provided for by law and/or in the sales contract.(i) CommissionsAn adjustment shall be made for differences in commissions paid in respect of the sales under consideration.The term ‘commissions’ shall be understood to include the mark-up received by a trader of the product or the like product if the functions of such a trader are similar to those of an agent working on a commission basis.(j) Currency conversionsWhen the price comparison requires a conversion of currencies, such conversion shall be made using the rate of exchange on the date of sale, except that, when a sale of foreign currency on forward markets is directly linked to the export sale involved, the rate of exchange in the forward sale shall be used. Normally, the date of sale shall be。
欧洲联盟的国际贸易规则
欧洲联盟的国际贸易规则随着全球化的深入发展，国际贸易在全球范围内得到了迅速的增长。
在这一背景下，欧洲联盟（European Union）作为一个重要的国际经济组织，制定了一系列的国际贸易规则，以促进欧盟成员国之间与其他国家之间的贸易发展。
本文将介绍欧盟的国际贸易规则，并探讨其对全球贸易的影响。
一、欧盟的共同商业政策欧盟的共同商业政策是指欧盟成员国对非成员国进行贸易和外经关系的方式和原则。
根据《里斯本条约》（Treaty of Lisbon）第206条，欧盟的贸易政策应遵守一些基本原则，如公正贸易、保护环境与消费者利益等。
同时，欧盟也致力于推进自由贸易并与其他国际组织进行合作，以增强全球贸易体系的稳定性。
二、欧盟的关税与非关税壁垒欧盟制定了一套完善的关税制度，其中包括进口税（Import duties）和出口税（Export duties）。
进口税涉及到欧盟成员国从非成员国进口的商品征收的税费，而出口税则是指欧盟成员国出口商品时可能需要支付的税费。
此外，欧盟还设立了一些非关税壁垒，如进口配额（Import quotas）、反倾销措施（Anti-dumping measures）和卫生检疫要求（Sanitary and phytosanitary requirements）等，以保护本国产业的利益。
三、欧盟的优惠制度与自由贸易协定为促进与其他国家之间的贸易合作，欧盟与一些部分发展中国家签署了一系列的优惠制度与自由贸易协定。
这些协定对涉及的商品降低或取消了关税税率，以便扩大贸易规模、促进经济发展。
例如，欧盟与非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家（ACP国家）签署了《经济伙伴协定》（Economic Partnership Agreements），为这些国家提供了更好的市场准入条件。
四、欧盟与世界贸易组织的关系作为世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization）的成员，欧盟在国际贸易中扮演着重要的角色。
欧盟水产品证书
欧盟水产品证书摘要：一、欧盟水产品证书概述二、欧盟水产品进口法规三、欧盟水产品出口法规四、中国水产品在欧盟市场的机遇与挑战五、结论正文：一、欧盟水产品证书概述欧盟水产品证书是指在欧盟市场上流通的水产品必须取得的一种证书，以确保水产品的安全性和合法性。
欧盟对于水产品的进口和出口都有着严格的法规要求，为了保证水产品的质量和安全，欧盟制定了一系列的水产品法规和标准。
因此，要想在欧盟市场上销售水产品，必须取得欧盟水产品证书。
二、欧盟水产品进口法规欧盟对于水产品进口有着严格的法规要求，主要包括以下几个方面：1.进口商必须注册：在欧盟市场上，水产品进口商必须进行注册，并取得相应的许可证。
2.进口水产品必须符合欧盟标准：进口到欧盟市场的水产品必须符合欧盟的相关标准和法规，包括产品的质量、安全、卫生等方面。
3.必须提供相关证书：在进口水产品时，必须提供相关的证书，包括欧盟水产品证书、原产地证明等。
三、欧盟水产品出口法规中国水产品要想出口到欧盟市场，必须符合欧盟的相关法规和标准，主要包括以下几个方面：1.出口水产品必须符合欧盟标准：出口到欧盟市场的水产品必须符合欧盟的相关标准和法规，包括产品的质量、安全、卫生等方面。
2.必须取得欧盟水产品证书：在出口水产品时，必须取得欧盟水产品证书，以证明产品符合欧盟的相关要求。
3.必须提供相关证书：在出口水产品时，必须提供相关的证书，包括欧盟水产品证书、原产地证明等。
四、中国水产品在欧盟市场的机遇与挑战随着中国经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高，中国水产品在国际市场上的地位日益提升。
欧盟作为世界上最大的经济体之一，对于水产品的需求量较大，因此，中国水产品在欧盟市场上有着广阔的机遇。
然而，欧盟对于水产品的进口和出口都有着严格的法规要求，这给中国水产品在欧盟市场的销售带来了一定的挑战。
中国水产品要想在欧盟市场上销售，必须符合欧盟的相关法规和标准，并取得欧盟水产品证书。
五、结论欧盟水产品证书是中国水产品在欧盟市场上销售的必备证书，对于想要在欧盟市场上销售水产品的企业来说，必须取得这一证书。
欧盟对进口宠物食品和狗咬胶的检验检疫要求
欧盟对进口宠物食品和狗咬胶的检验检疫要求第一部分欧盟对从第三国进口宠物食品和狗咬胶的总体要求欧盟第1702 号条例附件VIII 所列产品，只有满足下列条件时，才允许输入欧盟。
1 宠物食品只能来自已被欧盟列入允许进口的第三国名单的国家或地区。
确定该名单时，特别考虑以下几方面因素：1.1xx 立法；1.2 第三国主管机构及其检验机构，检验机构的权力及其所受的监督情况，主管机构对法规执行情况的有效监控；1.3 拟出口至欧盟产品的生产、制造、搬运、存放、发运过程中实际卫生状态；1.4 第三国能达到相关卫生条件的保障措施；1.5 第三国产品在欧盟营销经历和欧盟进口检查结果记录；1.6 所有欧盟在xx 的检查结果；1.7 第三国家畜、其它家养动物和野生动物的卫生状态，尤其是外来动物疾病和对欧盟公共卫生和动物健康构成风险总体卫生状况；1.8第三国提供发生动物传染病信息的规律及速度，尤其是OIE规定的A类和B类陆生动物传染病及OIE水生动物卫生法典规定应通报的；1.9 第三国防止和控制动物传染病的现行有效的法规及其实施情况，包括从其他国家进口的规定。
2 在该名单中的国家或地区的主管机构向欧盟委员会承诺其加1 工厂符合欧盟要求，并在第三国内处于官方的监督之下。
3 宠物食品须来自第三国主管部门批准并注册的加工厂。
4 宠物食品来自符合要求的加工厂，并货证同行。
5 如果第三国提供足够的证据证明其在宠物食品生产、制造、加工、存放和运输过程中，采取的卫生措施与欧盟采取的措施等效，欧盟应予以承认。
6 欧盟委员会可派专家组到第三国考察和审查。
第二部分输欧宠物食品、狗咬胶加工原料的要求 1 对原料的一般动物卫生要求1.1 原料必须来自安全的非疫区，不是来自因动物疫病而受限制的地区、农场、加工企业；1.2 原料不得来自因感染或怀疑感染传染病而屠宰的动物；1.3 如果原料来自因动物疫病而受限制的地区，必须满足下列条件：1.3."1 原料的获取、搬运、运输和存放完全分开，或者在不同时间生产，完全符合动物卫生要求；1.3."2 在主管部门批准的加工厂进行了足以消除动物卫生问题的处理；1.3."3 进行了适当的标识；1.3."4 相关产品在国内允许自由销售。
各国海关进口货物管控要求
各国海关进口货物管控要求各国海关对进口货物的管控要求是确保国内市场安全、保护国内产业和消费者权益的重要手段。
不同国家的海关进口货物管控要求可能存在一定的差异，下面将简要介绍几个主要国家的相关要求。
中国海关对进口货物的管控要求包括货物的报关、缴纳关税、检验检疫、知识产权保护等方面。
根据中国的海关法律法规，进口货物必须按照规定进行报关，包括提交相关的进口货物查验检疫、知识产权等资料。
进口商需要缴纳相应的关税，根据货物的种类和价值不同，关税率也有所区别。
此外，根据中国的法规要求，进口货物需要符合中国的质量标准和规定，对于一些特定的商品，比如食品、药品等，还需要符合相关的检验检疫要求。
美国海关对进口货物的管控要求包括报关、支付关税、海关监管等方面。
进口商必须遵守美国海关和边境保护局的相关规定，及时进行报关并缴纳关税。
此外，进入美国市场的货物还需要符合美国的质量标准和监管要求，尤其对于食品、药品、化妆品等特定商品，需要获得相关的认证和许可。
欧洲国家的海关对进口货物的管控要求主要包括货物的报关、缴纳关税、遵守欧盟的贸易政策等方面。
进口商需要为进口货物提供相关的报关资料，并根据货物的种类和价值缴纳相应的关税。
欧盟的贸易政策对进口货物有一定的管制要求，比如对于一些农产品、药品等特定的商品，可能需要获得相关的许可证或证书。
日本海关对进口货物的管控要求包括报关、缴纳关税、商品检验等方面。
进口商需要向日本海关提供相应的报关资料，并缴纳关税。
对于一些特定的商品，比如食品、药品、化妆品等，日本海关还要求进行商品的检验，确保其符合相关的标准和规定。
总的来说，各国海关对进口货物的管控要求主要包括货物的报关、缴纳关税、符合质量标准和规定等方面。
进口商需要了解目标国家的相关规定，并按照要求进行操作，以确保货物能够顺利进入目标国家市场。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
欧盟进口规定
欧洲联盟由西欧15个发达国家组成，分别是奥地利、比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、意大利、爱尔兰共和国、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典及英国。
欧盟所有成员国采取一致的贸易政策，让货物自由进口，只在少数情况下才要求进口货品办理进口签证手续，例如要符合有关的欧盟贸易协议条款，以及配合个别进口国的需要。
根据欧盟的《技术协调新方案》，某些产品须符合特定的品质标准，详情可参考网址：/。
该指令适用于玩具安全、机械、电磁兼容性、电讯终端设备、活性移植医疗装置、医疗装置、非自动秤重设备、建筑产品、防爆炸电气设备、低压电气设备、简单压力容器、个人防护装备及气体用具。
合格的产品须附有CE标志，以示符合标准。
该标志由制造商或进口商贴于产品上，以自我申报形式确认产品合格。
厂商必须注意遵守欧盟的产品责任法。
该法律的保障范围是消费者通常预计不到的产品缺陷，并规定产品在欧盟的销售者及产品的制造商均须负法律责任。
由1998年5月1日起，香港已完全不受欧盟的普及特惠税制优待，但若干类源自中国内地的产品在欧盟仍享有普及特惠税制的关税优惠。
不过，经香港付运的中国内地产品必须附有「未再加工证明」，以示没有在香港作进一步加工，始能享有这项优惠。
「未再加工证明」由中国检验有限公司签发（电话：25031988）。
产品输往欧盟须缴纳有关的进口税（通常施加于进口产品的到岸交货价(CIF)），另外须按不同进口国的规定缴付增值税。
以标准增值税税率来说，奥地利是20%；比利时是21%；丹麦是25%；芬兰是22%；法国是20.6%；德国是16%；希腊是18%；爱尔兰共和国是21%；意大利是19%；荷兰是17.5%；葡萄牙是17%；西班牙是16%；瑞典是25%；英国是17.5%。
欧盟对源自中国内地的木质包装材料所藏的光肩星天牛虫实施紧急管制。
由1999年6月10日起，所有从中国内地付运（包括经香港转运）的货物均受这新措施影响。
欧洲委员会提交了建议草案，准备修订有关禁止使用含偶氮染料的《欧盟指令76/769/EEC》。
该建议列出应禁止使用含偶氮染料的产品，包括服装、寝具、毛巾、鞋履、钱包／皮夹、公事包、椅套、玩具等。
修订该指令，标志欧盟在取缔含偶氮染料，以及含偶氮染料成份超过规定标准的产品方面，迈进一大步。
该指令建议采用德国的测试方法。
现时禁止进入含有偶氮染料产品的欧盟成员有：荷兰、奥地利及德国。
欧盟公布其环保标志计划有进一步发展，现适用于219种产品，尤其规定鞋履、纺织品及个人电脑必须附有环保标志。
出口商如有意销货往环保标志计划的成员国，必须敦促供应商严格遵守欧盟的环保生产方法，以符合领取环保标志的资格。
对于本港出口商来说，产品付运往欧盟之前，宜查明产品的制造方法是否符合环保标志准则。
如想取得受环保标志计划管制的产品组别详细清单，请浏览欧盟的网站，网址：http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/environment/index_en.htm。
在环保方面，厂商还须遵守《包装及包装废料指令》。
该指令订明一般的废料回收和循环再造标准。
输往欧盟的产品应尽量减少使用包装物料。
欧盟指令确立产品责任的原则，规定如产品有缺陷，引致消费者受到损伤，过失在于生产者。
此原则适用于所有农产品和含活动式部件的消费品。
受产品缺陷伤害的消费者，有权在其察觉受伤害、得知产品的缺陷及生产者的身份之日起计3年内，追讨赔偿。
产品的生产者、进口商和零售商均须对损害负责，给予受害人赔偿。
由2000年7月1日开始，欧盟委员会即时禁制以动物进行测试的进口化妆品。
此外，欧盟亦会于指引实施的三年后禁止所有对化妆品用料成份以动物进行的测试。
欧盟互联网网址：http://europa.eu.int/index.htm
欧盟委员会法律及官方刊物
（EUR-Lex-theEuropeanUnionLawandOfficialJournals）
http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/index.html
欧洲专利局
（OfficeforHarmonizationintheInternalMarket(TrademarksandDesigns)
Website: http://www.oami.eu.int/en/default.htm。