维斯比规则英文版

维斯比规则英文版Hague-Visby RulesArticle IDefinitions IntheseRulesthefollowingexpressionshavethemeaningsherebyassignedtothemrespectively,thatist osay,(a)"carrier"includestheownerorthechartererwhoentersintoacontractofcarriagewithashipper;(b)"contractofcarriage"appliesonlytocontractsofcarriagecoveredbyabillofladingoranysimilardocu mentoftitle,insofarassuchdocumentrelatestothecarriageofgoodsbywater,includinganybillofladingo ranysimilardocumentasaforesaidissuedunderorpursuanttoacharter-partyfromthemomentatwhich suchbillofladingorsimilardocumentoftitleregulatestherelationsbetweenacarrierandaholderofthesa me;(c)"goods"includesgoods,wares,merchandiseandarticlesofeverykindwhatsoever,exceptliveanimals andcargowhichbythecontractofcarriageisstatedasbeingcarriedondeckandissocarried;(d)"ship"meansanyvesselusedforthecarriageofgoodsbywater;(e)"carriageofgoods"coverstheperiodfromthetimewhenthegoodsareloadedontothetimetheyaredi schargedfromtheship.ArticleIIRisksSubjecttotheprovisionsofArticleVI,undereverycontractofcarriageofgoodsbywaterthecarrier,inrelati ontotheloading,handling,stowage,carriage,custody,careanddischargeofsuchgoods,shallbesubjectt otheresponsibilitiesandliabilitiesandentitledtotherightsandimmunitieshereinaftersetforth. ArticleIIIResponsibilitiesandLiabilities1.Thecarriershallbebound,beforeandatthebeginningofthevoyage,toexerciseduediligenceto(a)maketheshipseaworthy;(b)properlyman,equipandsupplytheship;(c)maketheholds,refrigeratingandcoolchambers,andallotherpartsoftheshipinwhichgoodsarecarrie d,fitandsafefortheirreception,carriageandpreservation.2.SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticleIV,thecarriershallproperlyandcarefullyload,handle,stow,carry,ke ep,careforanddischargethegoodscarried.3.Afterreceivingthegoodsintohischarge,thecarrier,orthemasteroragentofthecarrier,shall,ondeman doftheshipper,issuetotheshipperabillofladingshowingamongotherthings(a)theleadingmarksnecessaryforidentificationofthegoodsasthesamearefurnishedinwritingbythesh ipperbeforetheloadingofsuchgoodsstarts,providedsuchmarksarestampedorotherwiseshownclearl yuponthegoodsifuncovered,oronthecasesorcoveringsinwhichsuchgoodsarecontained,insuchaman nerasshouldordinarilyremainlegibleuntiltheendofthevoyage;(b)eitherthenumberofpackagesorpieces,orthequantity,orweight,asthecasemaybe,asfurnishedinw ritingbytheshipper;(c)theapparentorderandconditionofthegoods:Providedthatnocarrier,masteroragentofthecarriershallbeboundtostateorshowinthebillofladingany marks,number,quantity,orweightwhichhehasreasonablegroundforsuspectingnotaccuratelytorepr esentthegoodsactuallyreceivedorwhichhehashadnoreasonablemeansofchecking.4.Suchabillofladingshallbeprimafacieevidenceofthereceiptbythecarrierofthegoodsasthereindescribedinaccordancewithparagraphs3(a),(b)and(c).However,prooftothecontraryshallnotbeadmissiblewhenthebillofladinghasbeentransferredtoathird partyactingingoodfaith.5.Theshippershallbedeemedtohaveguaranteedtothecarriertheaccuracyatthetimeofshipmentofthe marks,number,quantityandweight,asfurnishedbyhim,andtheshippershallindemnifythecarrieragai nstallloss,damagesandexpensesarisingorresultingfrominaccuraciesinsuchparticulars.Therightofthe carriertosuchindemnityshallinnowaylimithisresponsibilityandliabilityunderthecontractofcarriaget oanypersonotherthantheshipper.6.Unlessnoticeoflossordamageandthegeneralnatureofsuchlossordamagebegiveninwritingtotheca rrierorhisagentattheportofdischargebeforeoratthetimeoftheremovalofthegoodsintothecustodyoft hepersonentitledtodeliverythereofunderthecontractofcarriage,or,ifthelossordamagebenotappare nt,withinthreedays,suchremovalshallbeprimafacieevidenceofthedeliverybythecarrierofthegoodsa sdescribedinthebilloflading. Thenoticeinwritingneednotbegivenifthestateofthegoodshasatthetimeoftheirreceiptbeenthesubje ctofjointsurveyorinspection.Subjecttoparagraph6bisthecarrierandtheshipshallinanyeventbedischargedfromallliabilitywhatsoe verinrespectofthegoods,unlesssuitisbroughtwithinoneyearoftheirdeliveryorofthedatewhentheysh ouldhavebeendelivered.Thisperiodmay,however,beextendedifthepartiessoagreeafterthecauseofa ctionhasarisen. Inthecaseofanyactualorapprehendedlossordamagethecarrierandthereceivershallgiveallreasonabl efacilitiestoeachotherforinspectingandtallyingthegoods.6.bisAnactionforindemnityagainstathirdpersonmaybebroughtevenaftertheexpirationoftheyearpro videdforintheprecedingparagraphifbroughtwithinthetimeallowedbythelawoftheCourtseizedofthe case.However,thetimeallowedshallbenotlessthanthreemonths,commencingfromthedaywhenthep ersonbringingsuchactionforindemnityhassettledtheclaimorhasbeenservedwithprocessintheaction againsthimself.7.Afterthegoodsareloadedthebillofladingtobeissuedbythecarrier,masteroragentofthecarrier,tothe shippershall,iftheshippersodemands,bea"shipped"billoflading,providedthatiftheshippershallhave previouslytakenupanydocumentoftitletosuchgoods,heshallsurrenderthesameasagainsttheissueof the"shipped"billoflading,butattheoptionofthecarriersuchdocumentoftitlemaybenotedattheportof shipmentbythecarrier,master,oragentwiththenameornamesoftheshiporshipsuponwhichthegoods havebeenshippedandthedateordatesofshipment,andwhensonotedthesameshallforthepurposeoft hisArticlebedeemedtoconstitutea"shipped"billoflading.8.Anyclause,covenantoragreementinacontractofcarriagerelievingthecarrierortheshipfromliabilityf orlossordamagetoorinconnectionwithgoodsarisingfromnegligence,faultorfailureinthedutiesandob ligationsprovidedinthisArticleorlesseningsuchliabilityotherwisethanasprovidedintheseRules,shallb enullandvoidandofnoeffect. Abenefitofinsuranceorsimilarclauseshallbedeemedtobeaclauserelievingthecarrierfromliability. ArticleIVRightsandImmunities1.Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallbeliableforlossordamagearisingorresultingfromunseaworthine ssunlesscausedbywantofduediligenceonthepartofthecarriertomaketheshipseaworthy,andtosecur ethattheshipisproperlymanned,equippedandsupplied,andtomaketheholds,refrigeratingandcoolch ambersandallotherpartsoftheshipinwhichgoodsarecarriedfitandsafefortheirreception,carriageandpreservationinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofparagraph1ofArticleIII. Wheneverlossordamagehasresultedfromunseaworthiness,theburdenofprovingtheexerciseofdued iligenceshallbeonthecarrierorotherpersonclaimingexemptionunderthisarticle.2.Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallberesponsibleforlossordamagearisingorresultingfrom(a)act,neglect,ordefaultofthemaster,mariner,pilotortheservantsofthecarrierinthenavigationorinth emanagementoftheship;(b)fire,unlesscausedbytheactualfaultorprivityofthecarrier;(c)perils,dangersandaccidentsoftheseaorothernavigablewaters;(d)actofGod;(e)actofwar;(f)actofpublicenemies;(g)arrestorrestraintofprinces,rulersorpeople,orseizureunderlegalprocess;(h)quarantinerestrictions;(i)actoromissionoftheshipperorownerofthegoods,hisagentorrepresentative;(j)strikesorlock-outsorstoppageorrestraintoflabourfromwhatevercause,whetherpartialorgeneral; (k)riotsandcivilcommotions;(l)savingorattemptingtosavelifeorpropertyatsea;(m)wastageinbulkorweightoranyotherlossordamagearisingfrominherentdefect,qualityorviceofthe goods;(n)insufficiencyofpacking;(o)insufficiencyorinadequacyofmarks;(p)latentdefectsnotdiscoverablebyduediligence;(q)anyothercausearisingwithouttheactualfaultandprivityofthecarrier,orwithoutthefaultorneglecto ftheagentsorservantsofthecarrier,buttheburdenofproofshallbeonthepersonclaimingthebenefitoft hisexceptiontoshowthatneithertheactualfaultorprivityofthecarriernorthefaultorneglectoftheagen tsorservantsofthecarriercontributedtothelossordamage.3.Theshippershallnotberesponsibleforlossordamagesustainedbythecarrierortheshiparisingorresul tingfromanycausewithouttheact,faultorneglectoftheshipper,hisagentsorhisservants.4.Anydeviationinsavingorattemptingtosavelifeorpropertyatseaoranyreasonabledeviationshallnotb edeemedtobeaninfringementorbreachoftheseRulesorofthecontractofcarriage,andthecarriershalln otbeliableforanylossordamageresultingtherefrom.5.(a)Unlessthenatureandvalueofsuchgoodshavebeendeclaredbytheshipperbeforeshipmentandins ertedinthebilloflading,neitherthecarriernortheshipshallinanyeventbeorbecomeliableforanylossor damagetoorinconnectionwiththegoodsinanamountexceeding666.67unitsofaccountperpackageor unitor2unitsofaccountperkilogrammeofgrossweightofthegoodslostordamaged,whicheveristhehig her.(b)Thetotalamountrecoverableshallbecalculatedbyreferencetothevalueofsuchgoodsattheplacean dtimeatwhichthegoodsaredischargedfromtheshipinaccordancewiththecontractorshouldhavebeen sodischarged. Thevalueofthegoodsshallbefixedaccordingtothecommodityexchangeprice,or,iftherebenosuchpric e,accordingtothecurrentmarketprice,or,iftherebenocommodityexchangepriceorcurrentmarketpric e,byreferencetothenormalvalueofgoodsofthesamekindandquality.(c)Whereacontainer,palletorsimilararticleoftransportisusedtoconsolidategoods,thenumberofpack agesorunitsenumeratedinthebillofladingaspackedinsucharticleoftransportshallbedeemedthenumberofpackagesorunitsforthepurposeofthisparagraphasfarasthesepackagesorunitsareconcerned.Ex ceptasaforesaidsucharticleoftransportshallbeconsideredthepackageorunit.(d)TheunitofaccountmentionedinthisArticleistheSpecialDrawingRightasdefinedbytheInternational MonetaryFund.Theamountsmentionedinsub-paragraph(a)ofthisparagraphshallbeconvertedintona tionalcurrencyonthebasisofthevalueofthatcurrencyonthedatetobedeterminedbythelawoftheCour tseizedofthecase.Thevalueofthenationalcurrency,intermsoftheSpecialDrawingRight,ofaStatewhich isamemberoftheInternationalMonetaryFund,shallbecalculatedinaccordancewiththemethodofvalu ationappliedbytheInternationalMonetaryFundineffectatthedateinquestionforitsoperationsandtra nsactions.Thevalueofthenationalcurrency,intermsoftheSpecialDrawingRight,ofaStatewhichisnota memberoftheInternationalMonetaryFund,shallbecalculatedinamannerdeterminedbythatState. Nevertheless,aStatewhichisnotamemberoftheInternationalMonetaryFundandwhoselawdoesnotp ermittheapplicationoftheprovisionsoftheprecedingsentencesmay,atthetimeofratificationofthePro tocolof1979oraccessiontheretooratanytimethereafter,declarethatthelimitsofliabilityprovidedforin thisConventiontobeappliedinitsterritoryshallbefixedasfollows:(i)inrespectoftheamountof666.67unitsofaccountmentionedinsub-paragraph(a)ofparagraph5ofthi sArticle,10,000monetaryunits;(ii)inrespectoftheamountof2unitsofaccountmentionedinsub-paragraph(a)ofparagraph5ofthisArtic le,30monetaryunits. Themonetaryunitreferredtointheprecedingsentencecorrespondsto65.5milligrammesofgoldofmille simalfineness900.Theconversionoftheamountsspecifiedinthatsentenceintothenationalcurrencysh allbemadeaccordingtothelawoftheStateconcerned.Thecalculationandtheconversionmentionedint heprecedingsentencesshallbemadeinsuchamannerastoexpressinthenationalcurrencyofthatStatea sfaraspossiblethesamerealvaluefortheamountsinsub-paragraph(a)ofparagraph5ofthisArticleasisex pressedthereinunitsofaccount. Statesshallcommunicatetothedepositarythemannerofcalculationortheresultoftheconversionasthe casemaybe,whendepositinganinstrumentofratificationoftheProtocolof1979orofaccessiontheretoa ndwheneverthereisachangeineither.(e)Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallbeentitledtothebenefitofthelimitationofliabilityprovidedforint hisparagraphifitisprovedthatthedamageresultedfromanactoromissionofthecarrierdonewithintentt ocausedamage,orrecklesslyandwithknowledgethatdamagewouldprobablyresult.(f)Thedeclarationmentionedinsub-paragraph(a)ofthisparagraph,ifembodiedinthebilloflading,shall beprimafacieevidence,butshallnotbebindingorconclusiveonthecarrier.(g)Byagreementbetweenthecarrier,masteroragentofthecarrierandtheshipperothermaximumamo untsthanthosementionedinsub-paragraph(a)ofthisparagraphmaybefixed,providedthatnomaximu mamountsofixedshallbelessthantheappropriatemaximummentionedinthatsub-paragraph. (h)Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallberesponsibleinanyeventforlossordamageto,orinconnectionw ith,goodsifthenatureorvaluethereofhasbeenknowinglymis-statedbytheshipperinthebilloflading.6.Goodsofaninflammable,explosiveordangerousnaturetotheshipmentwhereofthecarrier,masteror agentofthecarrierhasnotconsented,withknowledgeoftheirnatureandcharacter,mayatanytimebefor edischargebelandedatanyplaceordestroyedorrenderedinnocuousbythecarrierwithoutcompensati on,andtheshipperofsuchgoodsshallbeliableforalldamagesandexpensesdirectlyorindirectlyarisingo utoforresultingfromsuchshipment. Ifanysuchgoodsshippedwithsuchknowledgeandconsentshallbecomeadangertotheshiporcargo,the ymayinlikemannerbelandedatanyplaceordestroyedorrenderedinnocuousbythecarrierwithoutliabilityonthepartofthecarrierexcepttogeneralaverage,ifany.ArticleIVbisApplicationofDefencesandLimitsofLiability1.ThedefencesandlimitsofliabilityprovidedforintheseRulesshallapplyinanyactionagainstthecarrieri nrespectoflossordamagetogoodscoveredbyacontractofcarriagewhethertheactionbefoundedincon tractorintort.2.Ifsuchanactionisbroughtagainstaservantoragentofthecarrier(suchservantoragentnotbeinganind ependentcontractor),suchservantoragentshallbeentitledtoavailhimselfofthedefencesandlimitsofli abilitywhichthecarrierisentitledtoinvokeundertheseRules.3.Theaggregateoftheamountsrecoverablefromthecarrier,andsuchservantsandagents,shallinnocas eexceedthelimitprovidedforintheseRules.4.Nevertheless,aservantoragentofthecarriershallnotbeentitledtoavailhimselfoftheprovisionsofthis Article,ifitisprovedthatthedamageresultedfromanactoromissionoftheservantoragentdonewithinte nttocausedamageorrecklesslyandwithknowledgethatdamagewouldprobablyresult.ArticleVSurrenderofRightsandImmunities,andIncreaseofResponsibilitiesandLiabilities Acarriershallbeatlibertytosurrenderinwholeorinpartalloranyofhisrightsandimmunitiesortoincreas eanyofhisresponsibilitiesandliabilitiesundertheRulescontainedinanyoftheseArticles,providedsuchs urrenderorincreaseshallbeembodiedinthebillofladingissuedtotheshipper. TheprovisionsoftheseRulesshallnotbeapplicabletocharter-parties,butifbillsofladingareissuedinthe caseofashipunderacharter-partytheyshallcomplywiththetermsoftheseRules.NothingintheseRuless hallbeheldtopreventtheinsertioninabillofladingofanylawfulprovisionregardinggeneralaverage. ArticleVISpecialConditionsNotwithstandingtheprovisionsoftheprecedingArticles,acarrier,masteroragentofthecarrierandaship pershallinregardtoanyparticulargoodsbeatlibertytoenterintoanyagreementinanytermsastotheresp onsibilityandliabilityofthecarrierforsuchgoods,andastotherightsandimmunitiesofthecarrierinrespe ctofsuchgoods,orhisobligationastoseaworthiness,sofarasthisstipulationisnotcontrarytopublicpolic y,orthecareordiligenceofhisservantsoragentsinregardtotheloading,handling,stowage,carriage,cust ody,careanddischargeofthegoodscarriedbywater,providedthatinthiscasenobillofladinghasbeenors hallbeissuedandthatthetermsagreedshallbeembodiedinareceiptwhichshallbeanon-negotiabledoc umentandshallbemarkedassuch. Anyagreementsoenteredintoshallhavefulllegaleffect. ProvidedthatthisArticleshallnotapplytoordinarycommercialshipmentsmadeintheordinarycourseof trade,butonlytoothershipmentswherethecharacterorconditionofthepropertytobecarriedorthecirc umstances,termsandconditionsunderwhichthecarriageistobeperformedaresuchasreasonablytojus tifyaspecialagreement.ArticleVIILimitationsontheApplicationoftheRules Nothinghereincontainedshallpreventacarrierorashipperfromenteringintoanyagreement,stipulatio n,condition,reservationorexemptionastotheresponsibilityandliabilityofthecarrierortheshipforthel ossordamageto,orinconnectionwiththecustodyandcareandhandlingofgoodspriortotheloadingona ndsubsequenttothedischargefromtheshiponwhichthegoodsarecarriedbywater.ArticleVIIILimitationofLiability TheprovisionsoftheseRulesshallnotaffecttherightsandobligationsofthecarrierunderanystatutefort hetimebeinginforcerelatingtothelimitationoftheliabilityofownersofvessels.ArticleIXLiabilityforNuclearDamage TheseRulesshallnotaffecttheprovisionsofanyinternationalConventionornationallawgoverningliabili tyfornucleardamage.ArticleXApplication TheprovisionsoftheseRulesshallapplytoeverybillofladingrelatingtothecarriageofgoodsbetweenpor tsintwodifferentStatesif:(a)thebillofladingisissuedinaContractingState,or(b)thecarriageisfromaportinaContractingState,or(c)thecontractcontainedinorevidencedbythebillofladingprovidesthattheseRulesorlegislationofany Stategivingeffecttothemaretogovernthecontract,whatevermaybethenationality of the ship, the carrier, the shipper, the consignee, or any other interested person.。