讲稿第1-2章-agent
电子制造行业的英语讲课稿
制造行業的英語总经理办公室General manager’s office模具部Tooling department项目部Project department品质部Quality department计划部Plan department制造部Manufacture departmentKeypad产品部Keypad departmentIMD 产品部IMD department五金部Metal stamping department设计科Design section冲压车间Stamping workshop电镀车间Plating workshop物控科Production material control section 计划科Plan section仓务科Warehouse section商务科Business section品质规划科quality plan sectionIQC科IQC sectionIPQC科IPQC sectionOQC科OQC section检测中心measurement center项目规划科Project plan section项目XX科Project section XX试模科Mold test section成本科Cost section设备科Facility section采购科Purchase section综合办General affairs office编程科Programming section模具工程科Tooling engineering section模具装配车间Mold assembly workshop文控中心Document control center (DCC) 注塑车间Injection workshop喷涂车间Spray painting workshop装配车间Assembly workshop总经理General manager (GM)经理managerXX部门经理Manager of XX department原料库Raw material warehouse半成品库Semi-finished product warehouse 成品库Finished product warehouse科长section chief主任chief部门主管department head主管, 线长supervisor组长Foreman, forelady秘书secretary文员clerk操作员operator助理assistant职员staff二、产品超声波焊接ultrasonic welding塑胶件Plastic parts塑材Raw parts喷涂件Painted parts装配件Assembly parts零件Component原料Raw material油漆Paint稀释剂Thinner油墨Ink物料编号part number三、模具注塑模具injection mold冲压模具Stamping tool模架mold base定模座板Fixed clamp plate A板A plateB板B plate支承板support plate方铁spacer plate回位销Return pin导柱Guide pin动模座板Moving clamp plate 顶针ejector pin单腔模具single cavity mold 多腔模具multi-cavity mold 浇口gate合模力clamping force锁模力locking force开裂crack循环时间cycle time老化aging螺杆screw镶件Insert主流道sprue分流道runner浇口gate直浇口direct gate点浇口pin-point gate测浇口edge gate潜伏浇口submarine gate浇口套sprue bush流道板runner plate排气槽vent分型线（面）parting line定模Fixed mold动模movable mold型腔cavity凹模cavity plate，凸模core plate斜销angle pin滑块slide拉料杆sprue puller定位环locating ring脱模斜度draft滑动型芯slide core螺纹型芯threaded core热流道模具hot-runner mold 熔合纹weld line三板式模具three plate mold脱模ejection脱模剂release agent注射能力shot capacity注射速率injection rate注射压力injection pressure保压时间holding time闭模时间closing time电加工设备Electron Discharge Machining数控加工中心CNC machine center万能铁床Universal milling machine平面磨床Surface grinding machine万能摇臂钻床Universal radial movable driller 立式钻床Vertical driller倒角chamfer键Key键槽keyway间距pitch快速成型模Rapid prototype tool （RPT）四、品管SPC statistic process control品质保证Quality Assurance(QA)品质控制Quality control(QC)来料检验IQC Incoming quality control 巡检IPQC In-process quality control 校对calibration环境试验Environmental test光泽gloss拉伸强度tensile strength盐雾实验salt spray test翘曲warp比重specific gravity疲劳fatigue撕裂强度tear strength缩痕sink mark耐久性durability抽样sampling样品数量sample sizeAQL Acceptable Quality level批量lot size抽样计划sampling plan抗张强度Tensile Strength抗折强度Flexural Strength硬度Rigidity色差Color Difference涂镀层厚度Coating Thickness导电性能Electric Conductivity粘度viscosity附着力adhesion耐磨Abrasion resistance尺寸Dimension(喷涂)外观问题Cosmetic issue不合格品Non-conforming product 限度样板Limit sample五、生产注塑机injection machine冲床Punch machine嵌件注塑Insert molding双色注塑Double injection molding薄壁注塑Thin wall molding膜内注塑IMD molding ( In-mold decoration）移印Tampo printing丝印Silk screen printing热熔Heat staking超声熔接Ultrasonic welding (USW）尼龙nylon黄铜brass青铜bronze紫(纯)铜copper料斗hopper麻点pit配料compounding涂层coating飞边flash缺料Short mold烧焦Burn mark缩水Sink mark气泡Bubbles破裂Crack熔合线Welding line流痕Flow mark银条Silver streak黑条Black streak表面光泽不良Lusterless 表面剥离Pelling翘曲变形Deformation 脏圬Stain mark油污Oil mark蓝黑点Blue-black mark 顶白Pin mark拉伤Scratch限度样品Limit sample 最佳样品Golden sample 预热preheating再生料recycle material 机械手Robot机器人Servo robot试生产Trial run; Pilot run (PR) 量产mass production切料头Degate产能Capacity能力Capability参数Parameter二次加工Secondary process 六．物控保质期shelf lifeABC分类法ABC Classification 装配Assembly平均库存Average Inventory批号Batch Number批量生产Mass Production提货单Bill of Lading物料清单Bill of Material采购员Buyer检查点Check Point有效日期Date Available修改日期Date Changed结束日期Date Closed截止日期Date Due生产日期Date in Produced库存调整日期Date Inventory Adjust作废日期D ate Obsolete收到日期Date Received交付日期Date Released需求日期Date Required需求管理Demand Management需求Demand工程变更生效日期Engineering Change Effect Date 呆滞材料分析Excess Material Analysis完全跟踪Full Pegging在制品库存In Process Inventory投入/产出控制Input/ Output Control检验标识Inspection ID库存周转率Inventory Carry Rate准时制生产Just-in-time (JIT)看板Kanban人工工时Labor Hour最后运输日期Last Shipment Date提前期Lead Time负荷Loading仓位代码Location Code仓位状况Location Status批量标识Lot ID批量编号Lot Number批量Lot Size机器能力Machine Capacity机器加载Machine Loading制造周期时间Manufacturing Cycle Time制造资源计划Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) 物料成本Material Cost物料发送和接收Material Issues and Receipts物料需求计划Material Requirements Planning (MRP)现有库存量On-hand Balance订单输入Order Entry零件批次Part Lot零件编号Part Number (P/N)零件Part领料单Picking List领料/提货Picking产品控制Product Control产品线Production Line采购订单跟踪Purchase Order Tracking需求量Quantity Demand毛需求量Quantity Gross安全库存量Safety Stock在制品Work in Process零库存Zero Inventories七．QS-9000中的术语APQP Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan，产品质量先期策划和控制计划PPAP Production Part Approval Process,生产件批准程序FMEA Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis,潜在失效模式及后果分析MSA Measure System Analysis,测量系统分析SPC Statistical Process Control,统计过程控制审核Audit能力Capability能力指数Capability Indices控制计划Control Plans纠正措施Corrective Action文件Documentation作业指导书Standard operation procedure (SOP); Work instruction不合格品Nonconformance不合格Nonconformity每百万零件不合格数Defective Parts Per Million, DPPM预防措施Preventive Action程序Procedures过程流程图Process Flow Diagram, Process Flow Chart 质量手册Quality Manual质量计划Quality Plan质量策划Quality Planning质量记录Quality Records原始数据Raw Data反应计划Reaction Plan返修Repair返工Rework现场Site分承包方Subcontractors产品product质量quality质量要求quality requirement顾客满意customer satisfaction质量管理体系quality management system 质量方针quality policy质量目标quality objective质量管理quality management质量控制quality control质量保证quality assurance组织organization顾客customer供方supplier过程process服务service设计与开发design and development：特性characteristic可追溯性trace ability合格conformity缺陷defect纠正correction让步concession放行release报废scrap规范specification检验inspection试验test验证verification评审review测量measurement普通原因Common Cause均值Mean极差Range稳定性Stability计量型数据Variables Data变差Variation重复性Repeatability再现性Reproducibility稳定性Stability线性Linearity分辨率Resolution过程更改Process change质量功能展开QFD外观项目Appearance Item初始过程能力Preliminary Process Capability 材料清单Bill of Material设计确认Design Validation设计验证Design Verification八．常用缩略词语OEM Original Equipment ManufacturerANOVA 方差分析法Analysis of VarianceDFMEA 设计失效模式及后果分析Design Failure Mode and Effects AnalysisDOE 试验设计Design of ExperimentGR&R 量具的重复性和再现性Gage Repeatability and ReproducibilityPFMEA 过程失效模式及后果分析Process Failure Mode and Effect AnalysisQSR 质量体系要求Quality System RequirementQFD 质量功能展开Quality Function DeploymentBOM 物料清单Bill of MaterialCpk 稳定过程的能力指数Capability for stable process LCL 下控制限Lower Control LimitUCL 上控制限Upper Control LimitLSL 工程规范下限Lower Specification LimitX(—)--R图均值一极差图Average-Range Chart防错（POKA-YOKE）Mistake ProofingETA 预计到达Estimate to be arrivePO 定单Purchase orderM/C 机器machineRFQ 报价需求Request for quotationMFI 熔融流动指数Melt flow indexFAI 全尺寸检测报告First article inspection COC 材质证明Certificate of compliance ALT 加速老化试验Accelerated life testCRR 承认书Component review reportOT 加班Over timeCAP 矫正计划Corrective action planR&D 研发Research and Development ASAP 尽快As soon as possibleECN工程更改通知Engineering change notice DCN 设计更改通知Design change notice OTD 准时交货On time delivery九．通用词语确保ensure构想construct会签con-sign功能Function机构organization外观appearance适用apply to作业流程Operation flow附件attachment商务人员business personnel汇总summarize指定相关人员designated personnel新产品开发说明会new product development explanation meeting拟定Prepare委托entrust认证qualify电子档Soft copy3D文件3D database移转Transfer执行ConductXXX申请单XXX Application form客户要求Customer requirement启动Kick off评估Evaluation作业员Operator批准, 承认Approval合同评审Contract review可靠性Reliability相关的Relevant程序Procedure制程Process流程图Flow chart产品Product生产Production资材Logistics责任Responsibility跟进Follow-up交付Delivery汇总Summarize外协加工subcontract指定相关人员designated personnel 编号number附件attachment产品名称Description周期循环时间Cycle time模具号Mold No,数量quantity ( Qt’y )备注remarkSAP号SAP No.客户Customer表单Form初步的Preliminary版本Version根本原因Root cause（喷漆）夹具Fixture（设备）小夹具Jig设备Equipment设施Facility送，提交（样品）Submit责任部门,责任人Responsible by （大的）目标Objective(小的，具体的)目标T arget格式Format上岗证Qualification card需求Requirement现场On site查检表Checklist试产pilot增值税VAT---value-added tax。
讲稿
Ladies and gentleman,COMANY INTRODUCTION1. LOCATION AND MAIN BUSINESS 45'First of all, please allow me to give you a general picture of our company.We JINTAI Engineering Machinery company locates in the west of Shanghai, one of the most mordern cities in China.首先，请允许我向您展示我们金泰公司全景图公司坐落于上海西大门——安亭国际汽车城，那里是上海先进制造业的基地Our location is favorable, near harbor, railway and airport. With the convenient traffic, it's also not far away from the Jiangsu and Zhejiang province.我们公司地理位置优越，比邻港口、铁路及机场，交通便利，临近江苏及浙江Our products are applied widely in the foundation machinery. These listed products are our main machinery manufactured.我们的产品广泛应用于工程机械基础设施建设工程，以下为我们公司的主要产品线(Rotary drilling rig,旋挖, Hydraulic diaphragm wall grab抓斗，Multiple shaft mixer多轴搅拌钻机，engineering drilling rig工程钻机，water well drilling rig水井钻机，and other multiple machines for foundation reinforcement)多功能钻机液压连续墙抓斗多轴搅拌钻机工程钻机及水井钻机其他地基加固机械2）3）RICH EXPERIENCE 90' 公司规模迅速扩张JINTAI is the first enterprise who entered the underground construction field.Our company has longest history:at the very first begining, was founded in 1921 as ANTAI factory;during the 1960', we began the business in the underground construction field;and in 1982, we started to manufacturer engineering drilling rig.地下施工机械设备供应商历史最悠久始建于1921年的上海金泰工程机械有限公司1921年沈海涛在昆明路45号创立安泰铁厂1960年更名为：上海地质探矿机械厂（为地质部归口厂）1982年，我们开始生产钻井设备In the past years, we have received many patents and national awards.Based on the principle "Provide reliable and high efficient construction machinery" , we have successfully built our well reputation in the industry.在过去这些年，我们已经获得多项专利及荣誉Thanks to all of our staffs, especially the R&D team who has rich experiences, we are now publicly recognized as the most professional underground machinery supplier.这要感谢我们的全体员工，特别是我们技术经验丰富的研发团队孜孜不倦的努力，现在我们已经成为最富有经验的地下施工机械设备供应商。
讲稿book1-1a(2015)
课目：Book 1, Unit 1.目的：After finishing learning this text, the students are required1. to know some useful information concerning the topic of the reading passages in this unit and to know more about English culture;2. to grasp the key words, expressions and structures in this unit;3. to develop their listening skills with the explanation and exercises of the listening material;4. to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills.重点：1. Words, Expressions and Sentence Patterns2. Understanding of Passages3. Listening Comprehension4. Speaking, Writing and Translation Skills难点：It is difficult for students to acquire the proper usage of the words and expressions, to understand the complicated sentence structures, to get the main idea out of the passages and to comprehend many listening materials. For most students, speaking and writing skills are also challenging.主要方法：Classroom teaching will be characterized by interactive, student-centered and task-based approaches, taking advantage of online resources, modern multimedia and so on.基本要求：The students are required to prepare themselves well for the lecture especially the new words and expressions, reading passages as well as listening materials; to actively participate in class teaching activities; to finish the exercises carefully and to review what was learnt after class, so as to master the new words and to use these words in practice and daily life.教学内容：Topic: learning outside of regular classroom especially learning by computerUnit OneSection A Toward a brighter future for all(4 hours)Education is not preparation for life; Education is life itself.— John DeweyTry not to be a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.— Albert EinsteinObjectivesTo apply the phrases and patternsTo talk about college education__________________________________.How will the next four years be different from any other? Or what great resources will you enjoy? (Para.4)The wealth of courses (Para. 5)Sample them widely!Challenge yourself!a more broadly educated person;a better chance at …Para. 6Here at the university, it may not always be _________ to have so many new experiences all at once. In your dorm, the student next door may ______________ play the one song, which gives you a giant headache! You may be an early bird while your roommate is ______________! And still, you and your roommate may become best friends. Don’t worry if you become a little uncomfortable with some of your new experiences.I promise you that the happy experiences will ___________ the unpleasant ones. And I promise that virtually all of them will provide you with valuable lessons which will _________________. So, with a glow in your eye and ____________________, step forward to _________________________________________!What responsibilities should college students shoulder according to the speaker? (Para.7)acquire knowledge;discover passion;build a strong and prosperous future for the later generations.Part II (Paras. 4-7)The president offers students comprehensive advice on how ________________________________________ and makes them realize the university’s _______________ and their own ___________________.Para. II (Para. 8)The students are called upon to _____________________ and to ____________ their _____________ as citizens of their communities, their country and the world.In his welcome speech, the president urges students to ____________________________________________________to________________________________, and to _______________________ so that they will reap the benefits of their college years. The president also expresses the university’s _____________ of its students and of the __________________ they carry.Ⅲ. Notes to the Textpledge to do sth.作保证，承诺(pledge to /boost cooperation/exchange/China-US ties )China and the United states pledge to boost cooperation and exchange to ensure a better future for China-US ties.中美政府承诺将加强合作与交流以确保两国关系的未来更加美好。
英语课前演讲小短文(精彩7篇)
英语课前演讲小短文（精彩7篇）课前英语演讲稿篇一It is not easy to think positive thoughts when the world around you appears to be so negative. In fact, it can be as difficult as anything you’ve ever done. However, it is absolutely possible to fill your mind with positive thoughts no matter what the environment is. Doing so makes you powerful like nothing else can.To think positively is to alignyourselfwith1 the truth that you’re immersed2 in limitless, growing abundance. To think positively is to pleasantly accept that your life is full of meaningful and unique achievements.Instead of placing a judgement on your situation, apply your most positive purposes to that situation. Instead of seeing the world as negative, see yourself as a powerful agent of the positive possibilities.If you find yourself giving in to negativity, you are selling yourself short. The moment you feel the slightest pain of a negative thought, stop and remind yourself how powerful you are. Do the intentional work of keeping your thoughts positive. Because whatever you always think is where your life will surely and steadily go.当你周围的人或物都看似消极时，让你持有乐观思想并非是件容易的事。
乔布斯演讲稿
no one wants to die. even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. and yet death is the destination we all share. no one has ever escaped it. and that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life. it is life's change agent. it clears out the old to make way for the new. right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually bee the old and be cleared away. sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.没有人愿意死, 即使人们想上天堂, 人们也不会为了去那里而死。
但是死亡是我们每个人共同的终点。
从来没有人能够逃脱它。
也应该如此。
因为死亡就是生命中最好的一个发明。
它将旧的清除以便给新的让路。
你们现在是新的, 但是从现在开始不久以后, 你们将会逐渐的变成旧的然后被清除。
我很抱歉这很戏剧性, 但是这十分的真实。
your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. don't be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people's thinking. don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice. and most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. they somehow already know what you truly want to bee. everything else is secondary.你们的时间很有限, 所以不要将他们浪费在重复其他人的生活上。
书稿大纲(开篇导读已完成)
第一篇基本理论篇第一章总论学习目标开篇导读春秋战国时期，有个厨师给梁惠王宰牛。
他宰牛的动作娴熟、协调，以至于梁惠王看他宰牛就像看跳舞一样优美，拍手叫好，三下五除二，就把一头牛大解八块儿了。
他说，技术好的厨师每年换一把刀，用刀割断筋肉；一般的厨师每月换一把刀，用刀砍断骨头，而他用了19年的刀，宰了几千头的牛，刀刃锋利得就像刚磨出来的一样。
他能做到用很薄的刀刃插入筋骨的空隙处，而碰不到骨头，所以刀永远都不会用坏，牛也宰得比别人快。
要想学好金融企业会计核算的内容，做到“刀工娴熟”，游刃有余，首先要明确金融企业会计的特点、对象及要素，就像梁惠王厨师要了解牛的筋脉关节一样，了然于胸之后才会出现事半功倍的效果。
第一节金融企业会计概述第二节金融企业会计目标和基本前提第三节金融企业会计信息质量要求第四节金融企业会计要素确认与计量第五节金融企业会计科目和会计记录第六节金融企业财务报告本章小结关键概念综合训练第二章金融企业会计理论基础学习目标开篇导读汤姆·汉克斯主演电影现代版鲁滨逊漂流记《荒岛余生》中有这样一个细节，汤姆·汉克斯的脚被锋利的礁石割破了，他需要一双鞋。
一个同伴的尸体漂浮到海边，他发现同伴的脚上有一双皮靴，可是脱下来一比，却发现这双皮靴太小，他穿不进去，看来只有扔掉，求生的强烈欲望逼迫汉克斯开动脑筋，他终于找到一个办法（如果生活在舒适的城市，他永远也不会想出这个方法），用锋利的石块把皮靴的前端切掉，露出一个大口子，足够他的脚趾头伸出去，这样，他终于把自己的大脚装进了这双小靴子里。
可见知识不是智慧，解决问题的方法才是智慧。
任何课程的学习，最重要的是我们要掌握其方法，金融企业会计也不例外，我们用什么样的记账方法、会计凭证及会计科目对金融企业的业务进行核算，是我们在第二章中介绍的主要内容。
第一节金融资产和金融负债的定义和分类第二节以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产和金融负债的确认和计量第三节持有至到期投资的确认和计量第四节可供出售金融资产的确认和计量第五节其他金融负债的却惹和计量第六节金融资产减值损失的确认和计量第七节金融资产转移的确认和计量第八节金融工具列报本章小结关键概念综合训练第二篇商业银行业务核算第三章金融衍生工具的核算学习目标开篇导读金融衍生工具依存于传统的金融工具，借助于跨期交易完成，具有杠杆效应而且具有不确定性和高风险的特征。
英语演讲稿范文(精选5篇)
英语演讲稿范文（精选5篇）英语演讲稿篇二How to protect the environmentThe environmental protection is the most major problem which in the modern life the humanity faces. must solve this problem must start from foundation. first, must massively propagandize, enhances peoples consciousness with understanding, strengthens the environmental protection consciousness. next, must carry on waste recovery use, reduces to forest-trees felling.also must strengthen to white pollution processing, little uses the plastic product. finally, must make improvement to clean aspect. causes the citys appearance to be neater. for earths tomorrow, we must start from the now diligently, will want the well local constable to protect the environment. to this us proposes as follows suggests: implementation trash classification packed in bags.like this not only can reduce the environmental sanitation workers work load, but also can even better basically arrive makes use of waste, to reduce the pollution, saves the resources.thanks!英语演讲稿篇三I love English. English language is now used everywhere in the world. It has become the most common language on Internet and for international trade. Learning English makes me confident and brings me GREat pleasure.When I was seven, my mother sent me to an English school. At there, I played games and sang English songs with other children 。
Unit 1 The Happy Man讲稿
Unit 1 The Happy ManSection One: Warm UpI. Lead-inDirections: Watch a video about the formula of happiness and discuss this question: what in your opinion are the main sources of happiness? The following quotations about happiness are for your reference. Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence. (Aristotle) Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony. (Mahatma Gandhi) Happiness is not a reward—it is a consequence. (Robert Ingersoll)Happiness is different from pleasure. Happiness has something to do with struggling and enduring and accomplishing. (George Sheehan)Happiness is not a station you arrive at, but a manner of traveling. (Margaret Lee Runbeck)II. Background InformationAbout the AuthorBertrand Russell: a British philosopher and political activist. Russell became the best-known philosopher of his time because of the volume and clarity of his writing, and the vigor and prominence of his political activism. His major early work was The Principles of Mathematics, first published in 1903.Section Two: Global ReadingI. Text Analysis→What is the text mainly about?In this article, the author points out that when the external circumstances are favorable, the greatest obstacle to happiness is self-centered passions. He proposes that one should d cultivate genuine interests in the outside world to get rid of the obstacle and achieve natural and healthy happiness. He believes that can one find the greatest joy of life.II. Structural AnalysisDirections: Please divide the text into 3 parts and summarize the main idea of each part.Part I Paragraphs 1-3 IntroductionIn Paragraphs 1-3, the author points out clearly that the great est obstacle in people’s way to happiness is their excessive self-absorpt only by taking oneself as a member, rather than as the center, of the universe, ion.Part II Paragraphs 4-5 SolutionIn Paragraphs 4-5 the author offers his solution—to cultivate genuine interests, and introduces in detail the specific remedies for such self-centered passions as the sense of sin, self-pity and fear.Part III Paragraphs 6-7 Discussion on Self-denialParagraphs 6 and 7 are devoted to the discussion of self-denial which, according to the author, is also a kind of self-centered passion.Section Three: Detailed ReadingAnalysisParagraphs 1-3 IntroductionQuestion:What is the chief cause of unhappiness when actual circumstances are not unfavorable? (Paragraph 1)→ Provided that the circumstances are not unfortunate, the main cause of unhappiness lies in self-centered passions and interests that make a prison where one is shut out from the outside world.Paragraphs 4-5 SolutionQuestion:How can one conquer all difficulties and reach the objective of happiness? (Paragraphs 4 )→The first thing, of course, is to diagnose correctly his own trouble, and then to take corresponding actions. To sum up, the solution is to develop genuine interests, and thereby get outsid e of one’s own closed world.Paragraphs 6-7 Discussion on Self-denialQuestions:1) Why does traditional moralists’ preaching fail to generate happiness? (Paragraphs 6 )→Professional or traditional moralists tend to preach self-denial and, according to the author, have misplaced the emphasis. Conscious self-denial leaves a man self-absorbed and vividly aware of what he has sacrificed; therefore, he cannot really feel happy.2) In the author’s view, how does his recommendation differ from that of the tr aditional moralist? (Paragraph 7)→ Traditional moralists appeal to unselfish love which the author believes may encourage self-abnegation and make a barrier to real happiness. On the contrary, the author argues that the self and the rest of the world can be integrated, and real happiness can be attained, so long as we have genuine interests in persons or things outside ourselves.ActivityAccording to the author, to achieve happiness one should cultivate genuine interests in the outside world. Do you agree with his opinion? What in your view is the real recipe for happiness?→Open to discussion.III. Words and Expressions1. recipe (Paragraph 1) n.Explanation:a method or an idea that seems likely to have a particular resulte.g. He thinks the one recipe for success lies in hard work.2. Joseph Wood Krutch (Paragraph 1)Explanation:American author, editor, and teacher. Highly regarded as a social and literary critic, Krutch’s writings include Edgar Allan Poe: A Study in Genius (1926), The Modern Temper (1929), Samuel Johnson (1944), and Henry David Thoreau (1948). After he moved to Arizona, he turned to the study of nature; his books in this field include The Twelve Seasons (1949) and The Voice of the Desert: A Naturalist’s Interpretation (1955).3. creed (Paragraph 1) n.Explanation:system of beliefs or opinions, esp. religious beliefse.g. The laws apply to everyone irrespective of race, creed or colour.4. exceptional (Paragraph 1) a.Explanation:very unusuale.g. This deadline will be extended only in exceptional circumstances.5. maladjustment (Paragraph 1) a.Explanation:inability to adjust to the demands of interpersonal relationships and the stresses of daily living.e.g. Regular daydreaming was regarded as evidence of maladjustment or an escape from life’s realitiesand responsibilities.6. set about (Paragraph 1)Explanation:to start to do or deal with sth.e.g. I tried to apologize, but I think I set about it the wrong way.7. garment (Paragraph 1) n.Explanation:a piece of clothinge.g. She pulled the garment on and zipped it up.8. blast (Paragraph 1) n.Explanation:a sudden strong movement of wind or aire.g. A blast of cold air swept through the hut.9. harden (Paragraph 1) v.Explanation:to make sb. less kind or less affected by extreme situationse.g. Life has hardened me.In this job you have to harden your heart to pain and suffering.10. at bottom (Paragraph 1)Explanation:in a basic waye.g. Jealousy is, at bottom, a lack of self-confidence.Practice:Translate the following sentence into English虽然他秉性是保守的, 但他骨子里对政策并不感兴趣。
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那么意识的渐变会影响行为吗？意识影响行为吗？可能的回答：是！ 行为会相应变化
基于神经生理学的研究：神经元的基本结构和基本功能，对于低级动物到高级动物，结构和功能在进化， 但没有大的区别。低级动物没有意识，只有自适应分辨式adaptive的能力，在进化的哪一级出现了意识？
1.3
人工的智能 建造人工的智能，使计算机具有和人相类似的，对事件和环境的 反应和行动的 理性反映能力（行为表现）研究方法的特点是 逻辑， 数学和工程， 研究方法具有工程的特点：： 难解问题的近似解决算法 研究如何用计算机解决需要人的复杂智慧才能解决的问题 具有合理的思维能力，思维不发神经。已知的知识和给定的目标， 具 有合理的行动能力。合理性，RATIONAL 虽然可能有时犯错误，但可 被接受。 人工智能困难：知识的复杂性; 表达不完整知识; 推理的时空爆炸 性; 学习; 规划; 多主体通信等， 没有可靠的理论。 当前人工智能的现状
PAGE: Percept,Action,Goal,Environment *具有sensors感知外界环境的能力，（能够获得一个percept sequence），感知序列 *具有对环境采取行动的能力，（一组可选的行动，包括为了得到进一 步的信息而采取的行动） *加上 具有成功地达到目的（goal）之能力 给出了最终的状态条件，和达到目的的行为过程的评价 Performance Measure *已知关于环境的一部分知识,Knowledge
工智能课程-2000 目录 1. 引言: 1.1 人工智能的研究目标; 1.2 思维和智能; 1.3 人工的智能 1.4 Agent 及其特性; 2.问题求解、启发式搜索; 2.1 问题求解; 2.2 通用搜索算法 ; 2.3 启发式搜索 3.知识和推理，知识表达的逻辑基础； 3.1 基于知识的 agents， 知识和推理 3.2 逻辑推理，消解法 3.3 建造知识库，表达现实世界的实际对象 3.4 逻辑推理系统，知识库的实现结构 3.5 规划问题 4.不确定知识和推理; 4.1 知识的不确定性 4.2 概率推理系统,信念网络 4.3 效用理论，信息的价值，辅助决策系统; 5.学习，改善自己的行为; 5.1 归纳学习 5.2 决策树学习 6.多主体之间的通信;
Machine Vision空间关系和时间关系,
Machine Learning,归纳，类比 等等
*计算机打败国际象棋大师 1996 *旅行社的旅游咨询顾问（online的语言问答，由boston到旧金山，结果票价节省 1994） *Voyager探险者号，Marvel实时专家系统发现了一个重要问题，提前发出警告 1992 *小汽车以每小时55英里的速度向前，驾驶员坐在旁边没有驾驶。 机器人配有摄象镜头、声纳探测仪、激光测距仪 1993 *城市交通堵塞及事故警报系统 ，十字路口 及 路段 1994 *内科淋巴系统疾病计算机专家系统，对著名专家提供了有益帮助。1991
他的支持派的研究成果:: *自动逻辑推理 ::推理机械化 ；三段论，演绎 逻辑推理,研究逻辑思维规律；1965年光景，Robinson给出horn子句的 refutation 半完全性定理.但表达不完整知识，推理的时空爆炸性等仍困难 他的反对派。存在计算机不可能解决的问题：(无法算法化的)图灵::停机问 题;(存在着计算机不能通用求解的问题类)
1.2 哲学和科学中 研究 ‘思维’和‘智能’的本质
使用 逻辑学方法、心理学的方法、非线性动力学系统的方法、等 多学科：哲学，心理学，脑科学，逻辑，认知科学，神经生理学，语言学，计算语言学，人 工智能，非线性科学——混沌Chaos ）
研究 thinking ，thought ，reasoning 思想、思维能力、推理能力,
B-D-I
BELIEF-DESIRE-INTENTION
DESIRE 渴望，愿望d ； 愿望本身应该 持续时间、持续性较久 它和GOAL（目标）性质上有相同处和相异之处 agent希望能够有朝一日实现 在AGENT预期的一些相关可能环境状态中，都有实现此目标d的可能，持 续性, 实现d的办法并不一定已经明确， DESIRE集合中各个di 可以有矛盾不一致；必须经过考虑审量 DELIBERATION后， 才可以得出一组互相一致的GOALS
脑内的生物神经元、生物神经构件已经可以被‘硅等价物’所替换，而且可以使大脑整体行为上完全
不发生改变。
试问：
受试者的意识最终会有改变吗？
（计算机完全可能有意识）
两种回答：不变，硅脑和碳脑意识完全相同
变， 硅脑和碳脑的意识不同，那么意识在‘碳硅替换’过程中何时发生改变？ 何时？突然变化或渐变（！），很大可能是渐变；
objects
gent的主动反应能力，多个agents的并行多线程能力；是object基础系统不具备的（除active object） A请求执行 一个‘行动’B：action:
“Objects do it for free (A调用它)
Agents do it for money（A请B帮忙执行）”
reactive《对环境能够自动、主动作出反应，对自己的行为和内部状态有控制力goal—directed带有实
现规定目标的责任，和为完成任务主动采取行动；
★Communication, 和其他agent的互相配合，通信协商能力； ★ goal—directed， 和 reactive 两者配合好 , 难
mind心智，意识， intelligence 智力，聪明,intentionality，consciousness 自我意识
"意识、自我理解"是大问题：Chinese Room Problem 懂得怎样做 ≠ 懂得自己作了什么 例子 英翻中房间──翻译和理解 Chinese Room Problem 人工建造的复杂系统是否能够具有意识，懂得自己在干什么？
目前无法把‘意识’分解为其他组成部分：红、痛、面包香味等分解为更小的部分
思维状态mental state──它和大脑的物理状态之间不是一一对应的：在生
理上的新陈代谢、个别细胞的死亡，不影响知识、技能和感知经验的状态
■大问题：意识和行为的关系，意识影响行为吗？ 思辩性问题：碳脑到硅脑的神经细胞置换实验。假定科学发展到某一天，大
第一章 引言 1.1 人工智能研究什么？？ 关于人工智能的 强定义和弱定义 强：： 可以让机器THINKING 、ACTING LIKE HUMAN ； 哲学、科学问题，人的心智是如何工作的，能够建造人工心智吗？ *AI是探讨HUMAN THINKING AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES 中那些尚未算法化的功能行为.。。永远地 探索下去。。。 *人脑的思维推理过程的机械化？ *大脑的意识是什么？ *计算机能够有自觉性和意识吗？直觉和快速反应的原因？ 未自觉意识到推理步，和脑中进行了复杂推理步骤，两者并不矛盾。 弱 ：：让计算机成为有效的TOOLS FOR SIMULATING AND MODELING HUMAN THINKING AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES； 工程问题 复杂系统的结构、功能和智能行为: o 结构，（由部分到全体，由元件及互连到系统的 构成规律; 结构互连与 系统功能、系统行为的关系）； o 功能，（I/O,作用，任务，目标）； o 智能行为，（物理的或信息的运动过程）； 输入、输出的反应序列；
理论上说，对于AGENT只看评价性能最优，（谁打赢了SOCCER GAME？） 而不问blief,desire,intention 并不恰当.
智能不应该仅仅是事先嵌入的死板知识，从实际经验（历史的感知-行动序列）和环境的状态变化，应该 能够适应多类不同的环境, 从环境中学习总结，改进行为.由它过去获得的全部经验（从经验学习）而不 是完全基于先验的经验和知识。
为什么提出Agent Paradigm？ Agent的定义
*例如 打扫房间的吸尘机器人
行动：step-forward, direction-turn, tube-suck, 谓词：agent_in(x,y); dirt_in(x,y);agent_facing(d:direction); 函数：DO(行动)： 状态 ╳ 行动 状态 *各种不同应用环境，AGENT的特性大不一样 交通网络的交通疏导; 因特网信息查询; 多个机器人的合作装配; 空间探测; 空调自动调温；打扫房间的吸尘机器人； 软件deamon精灵； *环境的类型：可能是 随时间而改变（动态性），环境可能是无法精确预测的（随机的），环境可 能是要求开放的（应用环境本身可以集成于多种、新的环境中；软件精灵）；离散的（下棋机器 人）或者连续的（ SOCCER ROBOTS 空间争抢、躲避） *AGENT方法是：Conceptualization
你无法知道别人的内部思维状态。 科学实验无法肯定或否定它,空调器和温血动物中的温度调节，有没有思维
状态？空调器喜欢气候凉爽、期望温度会往下降…，一个科学实验的各个阶段需要得到 有关直觉和意识的测量数据,但它---“测量”--本身会严重影响 '直觉和意识'。
知觉、自觉性、意识conscious等，不可分解性：
一个房间内，有只懂得英文的一个人，一叠用英文写的翻译规则和符号对照表等书籍，一叠白纸； 一个小窗能够递进递出薄的纸片；房间进行翻译工作；在外部看，这个房间是正在进行中文翻译 工作，但是假定该人不懂中文，书籍和表格等也谈不上懂得中文，那么直觉上，我们认为这个房 间的工作没有任何谈得上具有理解understanding 中文的工作。