翻译之虚拟语气
翻译之虚拟语气
虚拟语气第一种: 由“ if ”引导的虚拟句子(1). 与现在的事实相反 [If --- + 过去式（be一般用were）---, --- + would do---]If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。
(2). 与过去的事实相反 [If --- + had +过去分词---, --- +would have done---]If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。
(3). 与将来的事实可能相反 [If ---+ should +动原/wereto+动原/过去式---, ---+ would do---]If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办?【真题】Linda __________________________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件)；otherwise, she would have replied.（2011,12）Couldn’t have received my email【真题】You would not have failed if you _______________________________(按照我的指令去做).（2009,12）You had followed my orders.解析：考点是虚拟语气。
【真题】If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary______________________________________ (就不会被大雨淋湿了).wouldn’t have been caught in the heavy rain .解析：考点是虚拟语气、词汇。
虚拟语气的译法
虚拟语气的译法虚拟语气是语法中的一种语气，用于表达假设、愿望、建议、要求或推测等虚拟情况。
在翻译中，我们需要注意如何准确地传达虚拟语气的含义。
以下是一些常见的虚拟语气的译法技巧：1. 假设情况的译法：当遇到虚拟语气表示假设情况时，我们可以使用以下方式进行翻译：- 使用"若是"、"假如"、"如果"等词语来引导假设语句，可以体现出假设的含义。
- 通过使用条件句、虚拟条件句或适当的连词来表示虚拟情况，如"假若他们早点到，我们会更早开始。
"- 使用"本来可以"、"原本应该"等词语来表示本来可能发生但最终没有发生的情况。
2. 愿望、建议、要求的译法：当表达愿望、建议、要求时，我们可以使用以下方式进行翻译：- 使用"希望"、"建议"、"要求"等词语来表示明确的意愿，如"我希望他能早点回来。
"- 使用"最好"、"可能"等词语来表示更主观的意愿，如"最好他能尽快回来。
"- 使用虚拟形式的动词来表示无法实现的愿望，如"我希望我能飞。
"3. 推测的译法：当表达推测时，我们可以使用以下方式进行翻译：- 使用"可能"、"也许"、"或许"等词语来表示推测的不确定性，如"也许她已经离开了。
"- 使用虚拟形式的动词来表示推测的不太可能发生的情况，如"要是他有时间来，那就太好了。
"- 使用"好像"、"似乎"等词语来表示虚拟的可能性，如"他似乎知道答案。
"在翻译虚拟语气时，我们需要根据上下文和语境来确定正确的译法。
虚拟语气翻译
1。
没有你的帮助的话，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
（finish, without）We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help。
2.对于这件事,到了该做点什么的时候了.(It is high time that…）It is high time that something should be done about t.3。
要不是因为你的慷慨相助,我们不可能这么快完成这项工作.(but for， finish）But for your generous help, we couldn’t have finished the work so soon。
4.我要是早知道你来的话,一定会去机场接你。
(if， meet)If I had known you were coming, I would have met you at the office。
5。
如果我是你的话，我就改掉这个坏习惯。
(if, get rid of)If I were you, I would get rid of this bad habit。
6。
我强烈建议采取一系列的有效措施来防止这一点。
（suggest）I strongly suggest that a series of effective measures （should) be taken to stp this.7.要是你早点告诉我就好了。
(wish）I wish you had told me earlier。
8.他若不来可真是遗憾。
(It is a pity that…）It is a pity that he (should) not come。
9.他真希望以前更加努力工作就好了。
(would rather)He would rather he had worked harder before。
虚拟语气,汉译英句型
常考虚拟语气句型第一种：由“ if ”引导的虚拟句子1. 与现在的事实相反：[If --- + were/did---, --- + would do---]If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。
2. 与过去的事实相反：[If --- + had done---, --- +would have done---]If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。
3. 与将来的事实可能相反：[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would do---]If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办?第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的动词或名词从句中，从句谓语形式为：“---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。
insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。
第三种：用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essen tial , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中，从句谓语形式为：“---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。
虚拟语气翻译
1.如果赌博合法化， 会引诱人们陷入没有结果的一夜暴富的幻想中。
2. 如果一些动物如猪统治世界，它们也会利用人做动物实验。
3. 如果发达国家过去没有捐赠不计其数的救援物资， 发展中国家成百上千的穷人就会死于饥饿或传染病。
4. 如果中国没有审查网络， 那么青少年就会接触到不雅的材料, 例如暴力与色情。
5. 如果没有关于名流的八卦新闻， 人们会不满意， 媒体也失去娱乐性。
6. 如果狗仔队没有在巴黎追踪戴安娜王妃， 她就不会死于车祸。
7. 如果（but for/without）没有媒体， 演员们会因为没有足够的媒体曝光率而成不了超级巨星。
8. 如果动物实验animal testing被取消， 人类将没有办法测试药品。
9. 如果未来一个更先进的文明入侵地球，人类肯定不希望自己成为它们的实验牺牲品。
10. 我真希望核武器从来没有发明过。
11.如果没有互联网，生活将变得枯燥无味。
12.人类是时候采取措施保护环境了。
虚拟语气,汉译英句型
常考虚拟语气句型第一种：由“ if ”引导的虚拟句子1. 与现在的事实相反：[If --- + were/did---, --- + would do---]If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。
2. 与过去的事实相反：[If --- + had done---, --- +would have done---]If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。
3. 与将来的事实可能相反：[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would do---]If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办?第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的动词或名词从句中，从句谓语形式为：“---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。
insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。
第三种：用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essen tial , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中，从句谓语形式为：“---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。
2016年英语考研翻译之虚拟语气句型
2016年英语考研翻译之虚拟语气句型英语考研中的翻译考题，需要我们在复习过程中，就要一点一点的去积累一些知识点和技巧。
下面是分享给大家翻译中虚拟语气经典句型，希望大家能掌握，平时在复习中，就加强知识点巩固。
1、由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”I wish that he weren’t so lazy.2、had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.3、would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。
例如：I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
4、It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。
5、as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc,Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.6、由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如：She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。
四级翻译句型精讲--虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气
2.The King ordered that the man be released . 国王命令释放那个人。
一、虚拟语气
6.用于“It is /was +adj+that (clause) +(should)+verb 形容词有 advisable , appropriate , desirable , essential , imperative(紧要的, 必要的),important , proper, vital等。
句型练习
1.但愿我年轻10岁。 2.我要是有更多时间思考这个问题就好了。 3.我希望你闭上嘴。
1.I wish I were ten years yonger . 2.If only I had more time to think about it. 3.I wish you should shup up.
句型练 soup would taste better if it had more salt in it. 2.I should be a bit more careful if I were you. 3.If I had not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed. 4.If it had not been for your help , he would not have succeeded. 5.If you should change your mind , no one would blame you. 6.If your father knew this tomorrow, he would be angry.
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虚拟语气
第一种: 由“ if ”引导的虚拟句子
(1). 与现在的事实相反 [If --- + 过去式（be一般用were）---, --- + would do---]
If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。
(2). 与过去的事实相反 [If --- + had +过去分词---, --- +would have done---]
If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。
(3). 与将来的事实可能相反 [If ---+ should +动原/wereto+动原/过去式---, ---+ would do---]
If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办?
【真题】Linda __________________________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件)；otherwise, she would have replied.（2011,12）
Couldn’t have received my email
【真题】You would not have failed if you _______________________________(按照我的指令去做).（2009,12）
You had followed my orders.
解析：考点是虚拟语气。
【真题】If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary______________________________________ (就不会被大雨淋湿了).
wouldn’t have been caught in the heavy rain .
解析：考点是虚拟语气、词汇。
【真题】If the reaction were to take place,____________________released.(巨大的能量就会被释放出来)
Tremendous amounts of energy would
第二种: 用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中
从句谓语形式为 “---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。
类似用法的动词有 insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。
【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。
参考答案：we hand in our research report(s)
【真题】They requested that_______________(我借的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.【2010，12】books I borrowed （should）be returned to the library / I （should）return the book I borrowed to the library
解析：①request的用法。
request v. 要求；当request表示“要求”时，引导的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即（should）+ 动词原形。
②定语从句。
“我借的书”，the book （that）I borrowed；③单词的拼写。
归还return，借borrow，图书馆library ④本题提供了两个版本的答案，但在表示“规定，规则”时，被动语态更为常用。
第三种: 用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---（should）do sth”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中。
第四种：混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语）
(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)
If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.
(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)
If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.
第五种：含蓄虚拟句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。
常用的词或短语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but 等。
例如：
What would I have done without you?
But for their help, I would not have finished the task.
But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead.
Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.
as if/as though引导的方式状语
【真题】Those flowers looked as if they _____________________________(好长时间没有浇水了).（2012,6）
hadn’t been watered for a long time
解析：本题考查的是as if所引导和过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
特殊的情况：
1）在句型“It is (high/ about) time…”后面也可以跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。
有时也用“（should）+ 动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。
例如：
It is time that the boy (should) go to school.
【真题】It’s time_____________________(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.
something was done/some measures were taken
2）动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气
与现在事实相反 were或动词的一般过去式
与过去事实相反 had done或would/could have done
将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望 would/should(could, might)+动词原形
I wish she were here. 她在这里就好了。
I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。
I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。
3）if only后用虚拟语气(要是…就太好了)
现在没有实现的愿望一般过去式过去没有实现的愿望过去完成式
If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。
If only I could speak several foreign languages!我要是能讲几种外语就好了!
4）连接词“in case, lest, for fear that”可以用来引导虚拟语气。
其形式通常为：“…
lest (in case, for fear that) + 主语 + should + 动词原形”。
Lest, for fear that 句中的 should 可以省
去， in case 句中的 should 通常不省去，但是 in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。
Lest, for fear that后面也可以接其他形式。
例如：
He took his coat with him in case it should rain. 他带着雨衣以防下雨。
I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you. 我不会做声的，以免打扰你。
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur. 在使用这以方法的时候要谨慎小心，以免发生溢流现象。