英语四级完形填空技巧 培训部用

完形填空五大考点：
１词义辨析．（近义词／形近词辨析）
Sample: Children in low-income families and poor communities are 70 likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often 71 the resources needed to pay for participation 72 , equipment, and transportation to practices and games 73 their communications do not have resources to build and 74 sports fields and facilities. 70 A) little B) less C) more D) much 71 A) shrink B) tighten C) limit D) lack 72 A) bill B) accounts C) fees D) fare 73 A) so B) as C) and D) but 74 A) maintain B) sustain C) contain D) entertain (７０副词辨义，７１动词辨义，７２名词辨义，７３连词辨义， ７４形近词辨析．）
4 结构识别
Not only… but also The more… the more some…the others…// still others…
5 语法规则 （不是重点，仍是考点）
句法搭配：动＋副；动＋名 从句：定语，状语等（连接词选择） 非谓语：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，动名词 主谓一致：人称／数，时态，语态等 句型句式：简单，并列，复合，省略，倒装，虚拟语气等 Sample: So 72 the New England Journal of Medicine last week 73 a study about in-flight medical events, I read it 74 interest. 72 A before B since C when D while 73 A collected B conducted C discovered D published 74 A by B of C with D in
命题趋势：
根据对近１０年四级考试完形填空真题分析，呈以下趋势： １考查内容以词汇为主，其中词汇辨义占主要部分．实词考查又是重中之 重，动词名词形容词副词的词义辨析是历年完形填空的必考项目，占到 全部题数的９０％以上．不仅如此，动词的出题频率明显高于其他词类， 所以必须熟悉其词义及用法固定搭配等． ２逻辑关系也是完形必考内容。考查语义衔接和语法衔接．前者需要辨析 选项中各个单词含义，选出符合文章内容的选项．后者则涉及语态／时 态／非谓语形式／主谓一致／从句引导词等． ３从２００３年以来，完形填空体裁几乎都是说明文或是议论性的说明 文．此类文章文字简练，通常开头点题，说明对象是什么．结构清晰， 一般按时间顺序／空间顺序／逻辑顺序（前因后果，先果后因，先主后 次）以及认识顺序（由此及比，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本 质）进行说明或者描写． ４文章题材涉及社会生活／文化教育／科普知识／商业经济等．内容较为 宽泛，但专业性不强，不会出现难以理解的观点或者复杂的说明过程．
５熟悉常用逻辑关系词语 具体见前面． Sample: The concept was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode Island 84 a friend complained of waking up tired and performing poorly on a test. A once B after C since D while （按照正常逻辑关系，想法应该是出现在朋友 抱怨之后，故答案为Ｂ．Ｃ为强干扰项，但 它引导时间状语从句时，主句一般用完成时）
２寻找固定搭配或习惯用法 运用词汇间的搭配关系经常可以无需理解上下 文而直接确定答案，即使确定不了答案也往 往可以排除一些明显不符合搭配关系的选项 缩小选择范围，提高准确率． Sample: This measures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the 78 way as some machines used for … A familiar B similar C identical D same
Sample: Moods should be …from emotions which are usually more intense, 70 to specific circumstances, and often conscious.
A related B referred C attached D association
Cloze
by Johnny
大纲要求：
根据大纲，完形填空是在一篇题材熟悉难度适中 的短文（约２２０～２５０）中留出２０个空格， 要求学生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳 答案，使短文意思和结构恢复完整．考试时间１ ５分钟，占总分值１０％．文章体裁说明议论为 主．
能力要求：
篇章理解力（文章虽然抽掉２０个词，但内容还是可以 理解的．如果考生不能理解文章内容，就难将正确的词 填入文中．因此，完形首先考查阅读理解能力．） 句法结构（完形涉及语义和语法关系．语义关系指前句 与后句或上段与下段之间的意义内容上的连贯与一 致．语法关系主要指句与句之间的并列或主从关系．定 语，主语，宾语，表语，同位语和状语从句等 词汇知识（实词与虚词） 句型搭配（动词名词形容词的惯用句型，搭配等）
３逻辑衔接 （所填空格的句子与上下文构成 指代／列举／因果／比较／对比／让步／补充 ／递进等逻辑关系．其中，并列／因果／递进 ／转折关系是常考考点．） Sample: But human language permits communication about anything, 71 things like unicorns that have never existed. A only B almost C even D just
பைடு நூலகம்
２固定搭配 （动名，名形，动副搭配等，其中动词与 其他词的搭配考查频率最高） Sample: Families of 76 many as 10 people have had to shelter 77 a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing 78 with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are 79 of free fresh fruit. 76 A like B as C so D too 77 A by B below C under D with 78 A facilities B instruments C implements D appliances 79 A seeking B dreaming C longing D searching
快速解题技巧：
一利用排除法排除明显干扰项 如果不能很有把握的选出答案，可以利用排除法，先将各项带入 空白处，排除明显不符句意的选项，从而缩小选择的范围．具 体来讲，可以利用如下技巧： １判断所填词在句中充当什么成分，应是什么词性，从而排除干 扰选项 ２利用上下文的时态语态和语气排除不符合要求的干扰选项 ３利用名词的数来判断各项是否符合句子要求 ４寻找与空白处构成搭配的词语，从而排除不能与其搭配的词语 ５将各项带入空白处将句子译成汉语，排除明显不能使句子通顺 的选项
常见逻辑关系：
并列 and, as well as, both and, not only…but also, neither…nor 转折 but, however, whereas, while, yet, instead, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the other hand, not…but, rather than, still 选择 or, nor, or else, otherwise, either…or 递进 besides, also, even, moreover, likewise, furthermore, what’s more, in addition 解释 that is to say, in other words 时间 when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, once, every time, no sooner…than, hardly…when, then, meanwhile, subsequently, afterward, later, the moment/day/minute/ second 比较 as…as, not so…as, the same as, than, in contrast, on the contrary 条件 if, unless, providing/ provided that, as/so long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, in case, only if, if only 因果 because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, for, thus, so, therefore, hence, consequently, accordingly, as a result, so that, for fear that, lest, in order that, so…that, such…that 让步 though, although, even if/though, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, no matter…, whether…or