扬州简介

扬州简介Yangzhou (Simplified Chinese: 扬州; Traditional Chinese: 扬州; Hanyu Pinyin: Yángzhōu; former spellings: Yang-chou, Yangchow; literally "Rising Prefecture") is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China. Sitting on the northern bank of the Yangtze River, it borders the provincial capital of Nanjing to the southwest, Huai'an to the north, Yancheng to the northeast, Taizhou to the east, and Zhenjiang across the river to the south.Contents1Administration2History3Geography and climate4Culture5Local highlights6Tourism7Sister cities8External links[edit]AdministrationThe prefecture-level city of Yangzhou administers 7 county-level divisions. There are 3 districts, 3 county-level cities and 1 county:Guangling District (广陵区) Weiyang District (维扬区) Hanjiang District (邗江区) Jiangdu City (江都市) Gaoyou City (高邮市) Yizheng City (仪征市) Baoying County (宝应县)These are further divided into 98 township-level divisions, including 87 towns and townships, and 11 subdistricts.[edit]HistoryYangzhou has a history of almost 2,500 years, being founded in the Spring and Autumn Period when it was called Guangling (广陵, Kuang-Ling). In 590 AD, Guangling began to be called Yangzhou, which was the traditional name of what was then the entire southeastern part of China.Located by the Yangtze river and Jinghang (Grand) Canal, it has been a leading economic and cultural center and major port of foreign trade and external exchange since the Tang Dynasty (618-907).The city, still known as Guangling, was briefly made the capital of the Wu Kingdom during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period.Marco Polo served there under the Mongol emperor Kubilai Khan in the period around 1282-1287. Although some versions of Polo's memoirs imply that he was the governor of Yangzhou, it is more likely that he was an official in the salt industry.Yangzhou was the scene of a ten-day massacre in 1645 by the Qing army. An account of the massacre can be found in the Yangzhou shiri ji, recounted by Wang XiuchuUntil the 19th century Yangzhou acted as a major trade exchange center for salt, (a government regulated commodity), rice and silk. The Mings (1368-1644) are largely responsible for building the city as it now stands and surrounding it with 9 km of walls.From the time of the Taiping Rebellion (1853) to the end of the Communist revolution (1949) Yangzhou was in decline, due to war damage and neglect of the Jinghang Canal as railways replaced it in importance. With the canal now partially restored, Yangzhou is once again an important transportation and market center. It also has some industrial output, chiefly in cotton and textiles. In 2004, a railway linked Yangzhou for the first time with Nanjing.[edit]Geography and climateYangzhouRivers: the Yangtze River, Jinghang Canal, Baoshe River, Datong River, Beichengzi River, Tongyang Canal, Xintongyang Canal, Baima Lake, Baoying Lake, Gaoyou Lake, Shaobo Lake.Local landscape: Slender west lake, Ge garden, He garden, Da ming temple, Phoenix island, etc.Subtropical monsoon climate with humid changeable wind; longer winters for about 4 months, summers 3 months and shorter springs and autumns, 2 months respectively; frost-free period of 222 days and annual average sunshine of 2177 hours. Average temperature: 15 °C annually; the hottest in July of 27.6 °C and the coldest in January of 1.7 °C; maximum temperature of 39.8 °C and minimum −19 °C Rainfall: annual average of 1030 mm; rainy season from the middle of June to July[edit]CultureYangzhou dialect is classified as Lower Yangtze Mandarin.During a period of prosperity and Imperial favour, the arts of storytelling and painting flourished in Yangzhou. The innovative painter-calligrapher Shitao lived in Yangzhou during the 1680s and again from 1697 until his death in 1707. A later group of painters from that time called the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou are famous throughout China.Former President of China Jiang Zemin was born and raised in Yangzhou. His middle school is located right across from the public notary's office in Yangzhou.Yangzhou is famous for its carved lacquerware and jade carvings.Poet Li Bai (c.700-762) wrote in Seeing Meng Haoran off to Yangzhou from Yellow Crane Pavilion:At Yellow Crane Pavilion in the west My old friend says farewell; In the mist and flowers of spring He goes down to Yangzhou; Lonely sail, distant shadow, Vanish in blue emptiness; All I see is the great river Flowing into the far horizon.[edit]Local highlightsYangzhou pickles, Baozi,Gansi(sliced Tofu),sticky candy, ginkgo, Qionghuayu liquor, Nanshan green tea, Baoying lotus root starch, Jiangdu short pastry, lacquerware, jadeware, embroidery, paper-cut, art & crafts velvet flavers.The city is famous for its public bath houses."Yangzhou fried rice" (Simplified Chinese: 扬州炒饭; Traditional Chinese: 扬州炒饭; Hanyu Pinyin: Yángzhōu chǎofàn) is a dish popular all over China, originating from Yangzhou.The city was awarded Habitat Scroll of Honour in 2006.扬州景点瘦西湖、东关街、大明寺、个园、何园Shouxi LakeThe Five-Pavilion Bridge on this lake is a landmark of Yangzhou. The White Pagoda by the Lotus Pond is an imitation of the White Pagoda in Beijing's Beihai Park. The scenic area between Shouxi lake and Pingshan Hall, where 24 bridges span the canal, was most favoured by Emperor Qianlong.Daming TempleThis temple was built during the reign of Emperor Liu Zun (457-464) of the Song Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Main features include the Qinling Pagoda, Hall of the Heavenly King, Hall of Sakyamuni, and Island of Gaunyin. The Monk Jianzhen Memorial Museum is the Qingkong Tower.Geyuan GardenThis Qing-dynasty complex was the family mansion of Huang Zhiyun, a salt merchant. The focus of the private garden is a man-made hill occupying tow-thirds of the total area. It combines lovely northern and southern style rockeries. Scattered among these are stone bridges, courtyards pavilions and halls.Heyuan GardenThe mansion of He Zhiren, a late-Qing court official, this complex includes the East and West gardens in its Rear Garden. Xuchn Hall is an exquisite nanmu structure, with beautifully decorated corridors, doors and windows.Yucheng Post StationLocated in Gaoyou, the post station was built in 1357. It is one of the best-preserved ancient facilities of its kind in China. The station has two rows of offices, with five rooms in both the front and rear houses, along with many supplemental houses for storeroom, kitchen, stable and other functions. It also has a drum tower and a screen-wall tower in front.Museum of the tomb of Han Guangling KingCovering a hilly area of 27,000 square meters, the museum displays the tombs of Liu Xu, the first-generation Guangling King assigned to Yangzhou during the mid-Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C-A.D. 24), and his wife. Both tombs were built in the high grade reserved for emperors and kings and remain in good condition. Liu Xu's tomb alone occupies 230 square meters. An entirely nanmu structure, the burial chamber was constructed without using a single nail. Items reflecting life at time are exhibited in the museum.Yangzhou Lacquerware factoryThe largest lacquerware producer in the country, this factory has a license for import/export business. It produces decorative articles and furniture using unique techniques, such as lacquer carving and jade and pearl inlay.Museum of Tang RuinsThis site on the Shugang Terrace was where ancient rulers, from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, built their batteries or cities. The museum here house more than 300 Tang-Dynasty cultural relics, with exhibits of the city layout, administration, handicrafts and trade, as well as the cultures and foreign relations at the time.扬州美食扬州炒饭、早点、扬州三头宴。