辞格翻译translation of figures of speech
修辞格与翻译

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❖What salt is to food, wit and humor are to conversation and literature.
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1. Simile (明喻)
❖A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.
❖ 妙语与幽默对于会话与文学,恰似盐对于食物一 样。
❖What sculpture is to a block of marble, (that) education is to the soul.
❖ 教育之于心灵,犹如雕刻之于大理石。 ❖What blood vessel is to a man’s body, (that)
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2. Metaphor (暗喻;隐喻)
❖A metaphor also makes a comparison between two elements, but unlike simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated.
❖Metaphor 借自希腊语metapherein一词,原意 为transfer (转换)。它也是一种比喻手法,但 是形式简练,表达含蓄,无需借助比喻词,而是 直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写。
Figures of Speech in Movies 电影中的修辞格

Movie Ratings
• • • • G(General) 大众级,任何人都可以观看 PG(Parental Guidance) 家长辅导级 PG-13 特别辅导级,不建议未满13岁儿童观看 R(Restricted) 建议18岁以上观看
Movie Types 影片类型
爱情片 romantic movie/romance 剧情片 drama 恐怖片 horror movie 惊悚片 thriller 悬疑片 suspense movie 动作片 action movie 科幻片 sci-fi movie 魔幻片/奇幻片 fantasy movie 喜剧片 comedy 动画片 animation movie 史诗片 epic movie
• I guess it comes down to a simple choice: get busy living or get busy dying. 生命可以归结为一种简单的选择:要么忙于 生活,要么赶着去死。 • Fear can hold you prisoner. Hope can set you free. 懦怯囚禁人的灵魂,希望可以让你自由。
Fantasy films 奇幻片
Fantasy Films
• Fantasy films often have an element(元素) of magic (魔法), myth(神话), folklore(传说)or supernatural(超自然).
p.187 Crooked( 弯曲的;不正直的) Many politician are crooked.( 讽刺政客不正直)
腰板很直
The back is as straight as an arrow.
3.5修辞格的翻译

3.5.1
明喻与隐喻 (simile and metaphor)(续2)
Will the Houston Rockets’ courtship of 7-5 Chinese center Yao Ming become a marriage, or will there be a breakup before Wednesday’s NBA draft? 休斯顿火箭队对7英尺5的中国中锋姚明的求爱是会 变成一场婚姻,还是他们在星期三的NBA选秀初选之 前分手?
认知语言学家George Lakoff Mark Johnson在 Metaphors We Live By一书中指出,隐喻是人类生存主要 的和基本的方式,人类隐喻认知结构是语言和社会文化 产生发展的基础。而语言是文化的载体,一种语言的比 喻折射出以这种语言为母语的人的思维方式和社会文化 特征。不管是明喻还是暗喻,翻译时首先要判断这种思 维方式或文化特征能否被译文读者所接受,然后依此进 行处理。请看下列例句:
3.5.1
明喻与隐喻 (simile and metaphor)(续5)
He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him "magpie". 他如此唠叨,同伴们给他起了个"麻雀"的外号。(汉 语中"喜鹊"喻义喜事、吉利、运气,而英语中喻义却是唠 叨、饶舌,于是取汉语中联想效果对应的比喻) "Don't be scared, chickens!" came her voice with teasing gaiety. " 别害怕, 你们这些胆小如鼠的东西!"只听得她用戏 谑的口气说道。(英语中鸡是懦弱、胆怯的代名词,而汉 语中的鸡却无法引起人们的这种联想,于是换成老鼠形象)
figures of speech

2. figures of replacement---- 2.6 understatement 含蓄陈述
2. figures of replacement---- 2.6 understatement 含蓄陈述
(1) 词汇手段
The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane
The staff member folded like an accordian. As the lion is king of beasts, so is the eagle king of birds. The first time I read an excellent book, it is to me as if I had gained a new friend. What blood vessel is to a man’s body, that railway is to transportation. He had no more idea of money than a cow. Love and cough can not be hid.
(1) Laziness travels so slowly, that poverty soon
overtakes him.
(2) Liquor talks mighty loud when it gets loose from
the jug.
(3) Mosquitoes were using my ankle for filling
•Proper noun----category: Hoover Tom is a Hercules.
Tom is an Uncle Sam.
figure of speech

• 两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头 就构成头韵。 • 例如: • safe and sound • Long and loudly • Little Lily laughed. • The windows waved violently in the wind. 窗 户在风中剧烈地摇动。 • The sun sank slowly. 太阳慢慢地下沉。
Figures of speech
----Grace
Synecdoche
• 1.Outside,(there is) a sea of faces.外面街 上,是人的海洋。(以人体的局部代全体, 即以faces 表示people) • 2.Have you any coppers?你有钱吗?(以 材料代事物,即以copper铜喻指coin money铜币) • 3.They share the same roof.他们住在一起。 (以部分代全体,即用roof屋顶,表示 house屋子、住宅)
Euphemisms
• It is the substitution of a mid or vague expression for a harsh or unpleasant one, for example: • To die ---to pass away; to leave us; one’s heart has stopped beating • Old people---senior citizens • Dustman---sanitation worker • Invasion, raid---military action • Concentration camps---strategic hamlets
Synecdoche
综合练习及参考译文

综合练习及参考译文第六章词义与修辞Translation of Figures of Speech课堂互动1 :考考你,看谁能译出歧义和双关?(参考译文)1.He went to see the artist himself.【译文一】他亲自去看画家。
(himself是he的同位语。
)【译文二】他去看画家本人。
(himself是the artist的同位语。
)2. He is capable of doing anything.【译文一】他什么事情都会干。
(指“能干”)【译文二】他是什么事情都能干出来的。
(指“亡命之徒”)3.Flying planes is dangerous.(动名词)【译文一】驾驶飞机是危险的。
Flying planes are dangerous.(分词)【译文二】正在飞行的飞机是危险的。
4.Bruce was writing a poem on an ancient tomb stone.【译文一】布鲁斯正在一块古代的墓碑上写诗。
【译文二】布鲁斯正在写一首关于古代墓碑的诗。
(on作“关于”讲)5.I decided on the boat.【译文一】我选定了这只船。
【译文二】我在船上做出了决定。
6.She didn’t do that to please her mother.【译文一】为使她母亲高兴,她没有做那事。
(=She didn’t do that in order to please her mother.) 【译文二】她做那事并不是为了使她母亲高兴。
(=She did that not to please her mother.)7.I didn’t go because I was afraid.【译文一】我没去,因为我怕。
(没去)【译文二】我不是因为怕才去的。
(去了)8.I didn’t write the letter because of what you told me.【译文一】由于你跟我讲了,所以我没有写那封信。
汉英双语修辞格比较、鉴赏与翻译——Figures of Speech与比喻:“文之作也,可无喻乎?”

汉英双语修辞格比较、鉴赏与翻译——Figures of Speech
与比喻:“文之作也,可无喻乎?”
卢炳群
【期刊名称】《南京晓庄学院学报》
【年(卷),期】1995(000)002
【摘要】Figures of Speech,比喻,可能是语言中历史最为悠久的修辞格,也是最常用的修辞格.比喻的作用是“以其所知喻其所不知而使人知之.”它能使复杂的道理
变得简洁明了;能以形传神,使得事物形象更为生动.正是由于比喻的这一功能,人们逐步认识到它不只是一种点缀:好的比喻使文学作品平添神韵和光彩.秦牧先生说,如果文学作品完全不用譬喻,那么文学作品将象一只被拔掉尾巴的孔雀.比喻是人们认识、评价、解释事物的一种综合方法.可以这样说,
【总页数】4页(P22-25)
【作者】卢炳群
【作者单位】
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H315.9
【相关文献】
1.汉英双语修辞格比较、鉴赏与翻译(四)——Satire与讽刺:善良天性酿制的酸奶(兼论innuendo,sarcasm和ridicule) [J], 卢炳群
2.汉英双语修辞格比较、鉴赏与翻译(三)——Hyperbole与夸张:张皇夸大,情意畅
发 [J], 卢炳群
3.汉英修辞格比较、鉴赏与翻译(六) [J], 卢炳群
4.汉英修辞格比较、鉴赏与翻译之五 [J], 卢炳群
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figure of speech 4

oxymoron
• victorious defeat • sweet bitterness
• 苦中有甜
• cruel kindness
• 看似残酷,实则仁慈
• falsely true
• 似假还真
• a blessing in disguise
• 貌似灾祸,实际使人得福的事
oxymoron
• • • • • His honor rooted in dishonor stood And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true. (Tennyson) Parting is such sweet sorrow. Writing is busy idleness.
oxymoron
• I despise its very vastness and power. It has the poorest millionaires, the littlest great men, the haughtiest beggars, the plainest beauties, the the lowest skyscrapers, the dolefulest pleasures of any town I ever saw. • (O. Henry, The Duel)
• Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little. The panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted. • (Helen Keller, Three Days to See) • 可是,明眼人显然徒有两只眼睛,充满着 大千世界的丰富多彩、千姿百态的画景, 在他们看来竟是平淡无奇。
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辞格翻译translation of figures of speech
虽然英、汉语的修辞格在分类和使用上有一定的相同或相似之处,但是由于英、汉民族在语言环境和美学观念上的不同,往往在表达同一概念时使用不同的修辞格;即使采用同一个修辞格,例如比喻,在结构方式、喻体、喻义以及运用范围上也不尽相同。
辞格翻译可分为三类:可译、难译、不能译。
可译者,常可采用对应的辞格,甚至相同的结构,例如排比、拟人和比喻常是可译的。
难译者,经常使用变通的手段,设法用彼一辞格译出此一辞格或用意译,如对偶、拟声、双关之类。
而涉及到不同文字字形结构或音韵方面的修辞格往往为不可译,只能另辟蹊径。
总之,不论哪一类,都应该采取恰当的、最接近原文的翻译方法,使原文中音、形、义的修辞效果尽可能完美地传达出来。