定语从句与其易混淆句型的辨析
定语从句与其他相似易混结构比较
定语从句与其他相似易混结构比较
定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句，它在句中充当定语，修饰名词或代词。
例如：
The man who is standing over there is my uncle. (who是定语从句，修饰man)
The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. (which是定语从句，修饰book)
定语从句与其他相似的易混的结构有：
同位语从句
同位语从句是一种修饰名词的从句，它在句中充当同位语，解释或补充说明名词的意义。
例如：
My dream, which is to become a scientist, will never change. (which是同位语从句，解释dream的意义)
状语从句
状语从句是一种修饰动词、形容词或其他状语的从句，它在句中充当状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等意义。
例如：
She will come to visit me if she has time. (if是状语从句，表示条件)
区分定语从句与其他相似结构的方法是，看修饰的名词在句中的作用。
如果修饰的名词在句中充当定语，那么这个从句就是定语从句。
如果修饰的名词在句中充当同位语，那么这个从句就是同位语从句。
如果
修饰的名词在句中充当状语，那么这个从句就是状语从句。
定语从句与其他相似结构的区别还可以通过关系词来判断。
定语从句常用关系词who、whom、whose、that、which来引导；同位语从句常用关系词that。
近几年高考英语对与定语从句极易混淆的各种句型的考查剖析
近几年高考英语对与定语从句极易混淆的各种句型的考查剖析摘要：本文结合具体的高考英语试题对与定语从句极易混淆的各种句型进行了分析。
关键词：高考英语；定语从句；句型作者简介：丁德超，任教于河南省信阳市商城县达权店高中。
对定语从句的考查除了单向考查外，还涉及到对与定语从句极易混淆的各种句型的考查。
近几年的高考英语试题中相关考点主要集中在以下几个方面：一、主语从句与定语从句的区分1.试题回放＿＿＿＿ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.(2008福建，27)A. ItB. WhatC. AsD. Which2.解题技巧此题考查的是主语从句的引导词问题，引导词在主语从句中作主语，故选B。
但是我们把这道题换一下答案就又变了。
3.试题衍生＿＿＿＿ is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A. ItB. WhatC. AsD. Which此时it作形式主语，后面的划线部分是主语从句。
故选A。
＿＿＿＿ is known to us all，the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A. ItB. WhatC. AsD. Which这道题考查的是定语从句的引导词问题，根据所知空格处代替后面整个主句的内容，位于句首，只能选C。
二、宾语从句与定语从句的区分1.试题回放The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face. (2011北京，31)A．what B．how C．that D．why2.解题技巧此题考查的是宾语从句的引导词问题，空格处修饰terrible problems作face的宾语。
定语从句_易混句型
(5) I have heard from my father, __w__h_o_____ is in America. (6) I have heard from my father, and ___h_e______ is in America. (7) Soon they came to a farmhouse, __w__h_o_s_e___ roof was much higher than others. (8) Soon they came to a farmhouse, and __i_t_s______ roof was much higher than others.
•强调句:“It＋be＋被强调部分＋that从句”。被强调部分可以是 除谓语外任何其它成分，当被强调部分指人时，可用who
(则①w不h题o能m是用)代w用替het关hna或系t；w副h当e被r词e强代w调替h部teh分nat引是。时把导间强的或调定地句点中语时的从（it其，句前b，e有和介th词at）去， 掉修，饰再主把被句强的调表部分语还O原c，t句ob子e仍r然1成st立，1949，这 •里定语的从w句h:把enit相，b当e和于thoatn去w掉,h句ic子h不；成立。
•②技巧题：为去强掉i调t，句be和，th强at调去掉句,看中句时子成间不状成语立on October 1st，1949，应填that。
用适当的词填空
（1）It is on the island _________ they spent 10 years （2）It is the island _________ they spent 10 years. （3）It is on the date __________ she went abroad. （4）It is the date __________ she went abroad.
定语从句常易混淆句型分析
定语从句练习一、定语从句常易混淆句型分析1.(1) I still remember the days _______ I worked with the farmers.(2) I still remember the days _______ I spent with the farmersA.whichB. on whichC. whenD. what2. (1) We were on the way ______ it began to rain.(2) I don’t like the way _____ you speak to your parents.A. whenB. thatC. howD. which3. (1)The teacher didn’t know the reason _____ she was absent yesterday.(2)The teacher couldn’t accept the reason ______ she e xplained yesterday.A. howB. whyC. thatD. who4. (1)Is this school _____ you ever visited?(2)Is this the school _____ you ever studied?(3)Is this the school in _____ you ever studied?A. whereB. whichC. thatD. the one5. (1)This is ______ he said at he meeting yesterday.(2)This is all ____ he said at the meeting yesterday.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how6. (1) _____ is reported in the newspapers, they have beaten all the other teams.(2) ____ is reported in the newspaper that they have beaten all the other teams.(3) ____ is reported in the newspaper is that they have beaten all the other teams.A. ItB. AsC. WhichD. What7. (1)It was such an easy question _____ they could answer.(2)It was such an easy question _____ they could answer it.A. thatB. asC. whichD. what8. (1)That is t he house, ______ windows hasn’t been cleaned for months.(2)That is the house, ______ t he windows hasn’t been cleaned for months.(3)That is the house, but ______ windows hasn’t been cleaned for months.A. it’sB. itsC. whoseD. of which9. (1) John said he’d been working in the office for hours, ______ was true.(2) John said he’d been working in the office for hours, but ______ not true.A. heB. itC. whichD. who10. (1) A few people were caught in the big fire, ____ died.(2) A few people were caught in the big fire, ____ dead.A. two of whoB. two of whomC. two of themD. two of they11. (1) It was 1945 ______ the World War II ended.(2) It was in 1945 ______ the World War II ended.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. at which12. (1) Do you know the girl ______ calling herself Miss Forgetful?(2) Do you know the girl ______ calls herself Miss Forgetful?A. whoB. whomC. sheD. /13. (1) Don’t talk about such things ______ you are not sure of.(2) Don’t talk about such things of _____ you are not sure.A. whichB. whatC. asD. those14. (1) He wrote the best composition, ____ surprised all of us.(2) He wrote the best composition ____ we all read just now.A. thatB. whichC. itD. /二、定语从句常见错误分析1.定语从句中代词或状语与关系词重复1)误: The watch which my sister gave it to me as a present was made in Swiss.2)误: That's the hotel where we spent three days there.2. 先行词与定语从句位于动词的主谓关系1)误: Those who breaks the rule should be punished.2)误: She is the only one of the students who are able to play the guitar.3. 介词误用1）误: This is the very ruler for which I'm looking.2) 误: The stories about the Long March, for which this is an example, are well written.4. 关系词省略错误1）误: Anyone breaks the law must be punished.2) 误: Is this the factory you worked five years ago?5. 其他错误1) 误: All which you have done is not necessary.2) 误: Great changes have taken place in the city where we visited last year.3) 误: Mr White is the only person in his office which was invited to the party.4) 误: They are talking about the people and things which they saw on their way home.5) 误: This is the very present which my mother gave me.6) 误: Which is the bike which is made in Shanghai?7) 误: This is the most beautiful dress which I own.8) 误: Mrs Brown has made the same mistakes like Mr Brown.9) 误: The old man whom I think is dying is really very strong in face.10) 误: He is not the man who he was before.11) 误: The house which roof was damaged has now been repaired.12) 误: Hangzhou is a city which there is a beautiful lake .13) 误: Those that want to buy the house may sign their names first.14) 误: My sister, who you met in Guangzhou, has bought a new car.15) 误: That's the way which they work.。
定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分1
定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分一、定语从句与并列句1．John’s parents kept telling him that he should work hard, but ＿＿＿＿＿didn’t help．A．he B．it C．which D．who2．Cedric was so angry that he kicked a chair and broke one of its legs, ＿＿＿＿＿was rather funny．A．／B．it C．that D．which3．I advised him to give up smoking; ＿＿＿＿＿didn’t help．A．it B．I C．which D．as二、定语从句与强调句的区别] 4．It was about 600 years ago ＿＿＿＿the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made． A．that B．until C．before D．when5．It was January 1st ＿＿＿＿＿I paid a visit to my friend Jennifer．A．that B．until C．before D．when三、定语从句与同位语从句的区别6．The fact ＿＿she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear．A．that B．which C．／D．about which7．The fact ＿＿＿＿＿she told me yesterday is very important．A．which B．that C．／D．All of the above．四、as引导的非限制性定语从句与it作形式主语时的区别8．＿＿＿＿＿is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month．9．＿＿＿＿＿is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month．A．It B．As C．That D．WhatⅠ．A．whom B．them C．they D．who1．Mr Smith has three sons，none of ＿＿＿＿is a computer expert．2．He has three sisters，＿＿＿＿＿are doctors．3．She has three CDs，but none of＿＿＿＿＿is interesting．4．I have many friends，and all of＿＿＿＿＿are nice and friendly．5．Miss Yang has some relatives here；＿＿＿＿like her very much．Ⅱ．A．where B．which C．in which D．that1．Rice grows well ＿＿＿there is enough water．2．I know the university ＿＿＿＿my parents worked ten years ago．3．After th ewar，a new school building was put up ＿＿＿there had once been a theatre．4．The hospital ＿＿＿＿Mr Li was operated on in has taken on a new look．Ⅲ．A．that B．when C．where D．who 1．It is on a summer afternoon ＿＿＿＿he met Liang Wei from Shanghai．2．Is it on the farm ＿＿＿＿Mr Wang lives？3．It is the farm ＿＿＿＿Mr Wang lives．4．Is it Lang Weiwei ＿＿＿＿is speaking to a foreigner？Ⅳ．A．that B．as C．who D．which1．Nobody in our school has the same camera ＿＿＿＿you have．2．She is such a good girl ＿＿＿＿does well in French．3．She is such a good girl ＿＿＿＿all of us like to make friends with her．Ⅴ．A．that B．which1．The news ＿＿＿＿he told me sounds reasonable．2．The news ＿＿＿＿China has joined the WTO excites all the Chinese．Ⅵ．A．that B．when C．which1．It is the first time ＿＿＿＿I have been here．2．It was the time ＿＿＿＿we had a hard life．定语从句与其易混句型小练1．Is there a shop around ________ I can get a pack of cigarettes?A. whichB. whereC. thatD. what2. ________ human beings live in great numbers, the waters are very likely to be polluted.A. ThatB. WhereC. WhyD. But3.It was in the small house _______was built with stones by his father ______he spent his childhood.A. which, thatB. that, whereC. which, whichD. that, which4.— ________ you got to know my telephone number?—Through a friend of yours.A. How was itB. What was itC. How was it thatD. What was it that5. When I try to find ________ tat prevents so many people from taking part in the program, it seems to me that there are two main causes.A. what it isB. what to doesC. why it doesD. why it is6.John’s parents kept telling him to give up smoking, but ________ didn’t help.A. heB. itC. whichD. who7.They have a son and two daughters , _________ live in this city.A. all of themB. both of themC. everybody of whomD. all of whom8.They have a son and two daughters, and_________ live in this city.A. all of themB. both of themC. everybody of whomD. all of whom9.Mr Smith was so angry that he kicked a chair and broke one of its legs , _________ was rather funny.A.不填B. itC. thatD. which10.__________, the sailors returned twenty days later, ill, tired and unhappy.A. It is reported thatB. As is reportedC. Which is reportedD. What is reported11._________the sailors returned twenty days later, ill, tired and unhappy.A. It is reported thatB. As is reportedC. Which is reportedD. What is reported12.The fact _________ she doesn’t know the result of the examination is clear.A. thatB. whichC.不填D. about which·定语从句专项练习概念:1.在句子中修饰名词或代词,定语从句在句中充当定语.2.定语从句必须有先行词,并尽量靠近先行词.3.在定语从句中,关系词在从句中充当成分.关系代词与关系副词关系代词:指人:who(主格),whom(宾格),whose(所有格)指物:which(主格,宾格),whose(所有格)指人或物:that关系副词:when,where,why1.This is all____I know about the matter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2Is there anything else_____you require?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.The last place _____we visited was the Great Wall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.He talked happily about the men and books_____ interested him greatly in the school.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.There is no dictionary_____you can find everything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.in that6.This is one of the best books_______.A.that have ever been written C.that has writtenB.that has ever been written D.that have written7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything__ _ he saw on the way to the Paris.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where8.Is oxygen the only gas_____helps fire burn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it9.Is there anything_____to you?A.that is belongedB.that belongsC.which belongsD.that belong10.The scientist and his achievements______you told me about are admired by us all. A.which B.that C.who D.whose11.Which of the books______were borrowed from him is the best?A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whose结论:先行词有下列情况或附有下列修饰语时,通常关系代词that1)先行词是all,no none,everyone, something,much, little等2)先行词前有序数词,形容词最高级,the last,the same,the only等.3)如果先行词中既含有表示人的名词又有表示物的名词时.4)若主句中有疑问代词who,which 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who,which.1.Do you know who lives in the building______there is a well?A.in front of itB. in front of whoseC.in front of whichD.in front which2.I’ll never forget the day____I joined the League.A.on whichB.in whichC.whichD.at which3.The woman_____my brother spoke just now is my teacher.A. whoB.to whomC.to who D whom4.Jeanne was her old friend,____she borrowed a necklace.A.from whoB.from whomC.to thatD.to whom5.His glasses,_____he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg.A.whichB.with whichC.without whichD.that6.she is a teacher of much knowledge,_____much can be learned.A.whoB.thatC. from whichD.from whom7.He built a telescope_____he could study the skies.A.in whichB.with thatC.through whichD.by it8.Do you know the reason____he was late?A.thatB.whichC.for whatD.for which9.I have bought two ballpens,____writes well.A.none of whichB.neither of whichC.none of themD.neither of them10.The Second World War_____millions of people were killed in 1945.A.during whichB.in thatC.whereD.on which11.China has many rivers,____the Changjiang River is the longest.A.whichB. in whichC.among whichD. one of which12.This is the very knife_____I used to cut apples yesterday.A.thatB.by whichC.whichD.with which13.The speed____which you drive your car mustn’t too high.14.In the park there are many flowers,the colour_____ which is bright and nice.15.The little girl is reading a book,_____which there are many pictures.16.What were the things_______which he was not too sure?17.They held a meeting,____which the hospital director made a speech.18.The book,_____which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.19.Is this the man____whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?20.The villagers dug along tunnel______which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.21.Wu Dong,_____whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.22.The stories about Long March,_____which this is one example,are well written.结论:介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.1.______was natural,he married Jenny. A.Which B.That C.This D.As2.Such signs_____we use in the experiment______Greek letters. A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_____ he drank immediately . A.that B.as C.which D.who4.She is very good at dance,____everybody knows. A.that B.which C.who D.as5.It was raining,_____was a pity. A.what B.that C.the which D.which6.______has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules. A.Which B.What C.That D.As7.We do the same work_____they do. A.which B.as C.than D.like8.The earth is round,_____we all know. A.that B.which C.who D. as结论: as ,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句,如都指前一句话的意思,二者可以互换.as 引导的从句可以放在句首,as 本身有“正如…..正象…”. 一类的含义. 与之连用的词有know,see,expect, announce,point out等.此外,在the same…as…such….as….中as引导的是限制性定语从句.1A.Is this the factory_____you visited last year?B.Is this factory____you visited last year?a.thatb.wherec.in whichd.the one2.A.Mr Smith is one of those foreigners who____ working in China.B.Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who____working in China.a.isb.hasc.haved.are3.A.Don’t discuss questions such_____those.B.Let’s discuss only the questions______we are interested in.a.whichb.thatc.asd.about which4.A. All____I need is a good rest. a.What b.All whatB. ____I need is a good rest. c.that d.Which 5.A.Pisa is a city, ___ has a leaning tower. B.Pisa is a city,____there is a leaning tower.a.whichb.thatc.whered.there6.A.This is the place____we visited last year. B.This the place____we worked last year.a.whichb.wherec. in thatd.there7.A.The news____he told us was very exciting. B.He has brought us the news____our teamhas won the game.a.whatb.asc.thatd.where8.It is in a box____I have hidden my money. We’ll go___we are needed.a.thatb.in whichc.whered.in itA. itB. asC. thatD. whatE. which1.______ is known to everybody , the moon travels round the earth .2.______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth .3.______ is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth .4.______ everybody knows, the moon travels round the earth .5.The moon travels round the earth ,______ everybody knows.【答案】1.B; 2.A; 3.D; 4. B; 5. A/E【高考衔接】2004上海春季高考的36、37、38和41题。
高中英语 Unit5 定语从句与易混句型教学课件 新人教版必修7
10) 误: He is not the man who he was before.
正: He is not the man that he was before.
11) 误: The house which roof was damaged has now been repaired.
正: The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired.
12) 误: Hangzhou is a city which there is a beautiful lake .
正: Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake.
2. 先行词与定语从句位于动词的主谓关系
1)误: Those who breaks the rule should be punished.
正: Those who break the rule should be punished.
2)误: She is the only one of the students who are able to play the guitar.
5. (1) This is __C____ he said at he meeting yesterday.
(2) This is all _A___ he said at the meeting yesterday.
A. that B. which C. what D. how 6. (1) __B___ is reported in the newspapers, they
高中英语语法：定语从句易混关系词辨析
高中英语语法：定语从句易混关系词辨析几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:●that & which: 在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等。
1.We should do all that is useful to the people .2.There's nothing that can be said about it .3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。
1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.That's the very word that is wrongly used. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works. You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free. I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.比较*This is one of the best novels that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。
2019-2020年高中英语语法复习-定语从句中的易混点
2019-2020年高中英语语法复习-定语从句中的易混点一.way 和reason引导的定语从句同样一个词way 引导两个定语从句，由于先行词way在从句中所作的成分不一样，所选用的引导词也不一样例如下列句子：（1）The way 〖CD#4〗he explained to us was quite simple.(2) I dislike the way〖CD#4〗he talks to his mother.第一句中先行词way在定语从句充当explained后面的宾语，所以引导词可用which或that，也可省略，第二句中way充当方式状语，所以引导词选用in which, that或者省略。
同样的规则也适用于reason引导的定语从句。
例如：(1) No reason _______you gave us for your mistake is sound.(2) I don't konw the reason _______he was late for shcool yesterday第一句中从句缺宾语，所以reason担当宾语，选that/which或省略都可以。
第二句中reason在从句中作原因状语，引导词就变成why或for which二.这两部分也是学生易混的一个地方。
只要掌握了规则，区分开来也并非难事，例如下列句子。
1.It is the house______he was born.2.It is in the house _______he was born.第一句是定语从句，先行词house在从句中充当地点状语，引导词为where第二句是典型的强词句型，因为去掉It is……that后，句子意思通顺，故第二句填that.三.这两部分的区分是近几年高考的热点，故应认真对待，先看下列两列句子。
1.The problem is so difficult _______no one can slove it.2.The problem is so difficult________no one can solve.第一句中是so……that引导的结果状语从句，因为从句中主谓宾俱全，不缺少成分。
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学法导航 定语从句与其易混淆句型的辨析 安丘一中高二英语组 李建文 众所周知，定语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点，老师、同学们都对此予以重点关注。由此造成了这样一种现象：做题时，一遇到从句就往定语从句上想，尤其容易把一些形式上与定语从句相似的句型（主要是同位语从句、强调句、地点和时间状语从句）也当作定语从句来理解，结果产生错误。因此，从某个方面来说，解答定语从句题的关键是弄清它和易混淆句型之间的区别。 一、 定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句和同位语从句都置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，形式上非常相似，尤其是由that引导时，最难区分。实际上，两者的根本区别在于句法功能不同，与先行词的关系不同。 1. 句法功能不同 定语从句相当于一个形容词，用来修饰、描述或限制其前面的名词、代词（称为先行词）或整个句子；同位语从句则相当于一个名词，是先行词所述内容的展开，即说明先行词的具体内容。 定语从句的引导词that在从句中一定充当句子成分；而同位语从句中的引导词that（被称为连接代词）在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分。 定语从句的引导词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词则一般不能省略，也不能被代替。 例1The news （that / which） we picked up from his informal conversation is true.我们从他的闲谈中听到的那个消息是真实的。 例2The news that Mr Li will teach us English next semester is true. 李先生下学期将教我们英语这个消息是真实的。 点评： 例1的中that从句是定语从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，用来限定the news， that在从句中作宾语，可省略。例2中的that从句是同位语从句，其作用相当于一个名词，本身就是the news的内容，that不能省略。 2. 与先行词关系不同 定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是名词或代词，当that省略时，定语从句本身是一个不完整的句子。而同位语从句通常与一些本身有具体内容可展开的名词连用，对这些名词进行补充说明或解释。常见的此类名词有：answer， belief， doubt， decision， explanation， fact， hope， idea， information， message， news， order， possibility， problem， promise， question， reason， story， suggestion， thought， truth等。同位语从句本身是一个完整的句子，常用that连接而不是用which 引导，that本身不充当句子成分，表示疑问意义的名词（如doubt， question等）后也可用whether， who， what等疑问词引导。 例3The fact (that / which) she told me yesterday is very important.她昨天告诉我的事实非常重要。 例4The fact that she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear.她还不知道考试成绩这个事实是显而易见的。 点评： 例3中that / which引导的是定语从句，修饰fact，用以限定说明是哪个fact，that / which作told的宾语，可省略。例4中that引导的是同位语从句，用以说明fact的内容，that不充当句子成分，不可省略。 【甄别的方法】 同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的系表关系（即系动词与表语的关系），因此，可用“主+系+表”的结构来区别同位语从句和定语从句。 比如：将例2的从句与其修饰的名词用“主+系+表”结构来表示，则为：The news is that Mr Li will teach us English next semester，句意通顺，系表结构成立，故可判定其为同位语从句。若将例1的从句与其修饰的名词用“主+系+表”结构表示，句意不通顺，句子不成立，可判定其不是同位语从句。 二、 定语从句与强调句型 当定语从句以It is / was... that... 形式出现时，极易与强调句型混淆。区分两者的关键在于正确判别it和that在句子中的作用。 1. 句法功能不同 在It is / was... that...的结构中，如从句为定语从句，则句首的it是指示代词，担任主句的主语，that担任从句的主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略；如为强调句型，则it和that都是引导词，本身无意义，that不充当句子成分，不能省略。 例5It is a question that needs careful consideration.这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。 例６It is novels that she enjoys reading.她喜欢阅读的是小说。 点评： 例5中It为主句的主语，相当于a question；that引导的是定语从句，用来修饰先行词a question，that同时充当从句的主语，不能省略。例6中的It显然不能等同于novels，that不担任句子成分，但不能省略。 2. 涉及对象不同 定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或名词短语，而强调句型中被强调的部分可以是名词、副词、介词短语和从句。 例７This is the museum (that) we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观过的博物馆。 例８It was in this museum that we saw the famous painting. 我们就是在这家博物馆里见到这幅名画的。 例９It was because she was ill that we decided to return. 正是因为她病了，我们才决定返回。 点评： 例7中的从句为定语从句，修饰、限定名词the museum。例8为强调句型，强调in this museum这一介词短语。例9为强调句型，强调because she was ill这个原因状语从句。 【甄别的方法】 在It is / was... that... 结构中区分强调句型和定语从句的方法如下：一是定语从句中的that充当句子成分，而强调句型中的that不充当句子成分。二是去掉It is / was和that并作适当调整后，强调句型的结构和意思仍然完整；而定语从句中的that充当主语，如果省略that的话，句子结构不再完整。 如例5，虽然去掉It is和that后句子仍然成立，但that充当从句的主语，是不能省略的，故为定语从句。而例6中that不充当句子成分，去掉It is和that并适当调整后，句子结构仍然完整，句意成立。 应当特别指出的是，当强调句型中含有定语从句时，更容易出错。我们可以通过分析that或who在从句中的作用，以及从句的句意来区分强调句型和定语从句。 例10It was in the lab that was set up by Mr Smith that they finished the experiment.他们是在Smith先生建立的实验室里完成这个实验的。 点评： 例10中的前一个that在从句中作主语，不能省略，可用which替换，因此可判定为定语从句，限定其前的名词the lab。而后一个that不担任句子成分，但不可省略，由此可见是强调句型，强调实验是在这个实验室完成的。 三、 定语从句与状语从句 状语从句中，容易与定语从句相混淆的是where引导的地点状语从句、when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的结果状语从句。 1. 有无先行词不同 当where，when引导定语从句时，其前必定有一个地点名词或时间名词。但当where，when引导地点状语和时间状语从句时，则会有两种情况：一种情况是从句前没有名词，另一种是从句前有名词，但从句并不修饰该名词。 例11 Bamboo grows well at the places where there is plenty of rain. 例12 Bamboo grows well where there is plenty of rain. 点评： 这两个句子均可译为“竹子在雨水充沛的地方长得好”。例11中where前有表地点的名词places，故为定语从句。例12中的where前则没有表示地点的名词，根据句意，应为地点状语从句。 例13 I will always remember the days when I lived with my grandparents in the country. 例14 I always remember the days in the country when I see the photo of my grandparents. 点评： 例13意为“我会永远记得跟我祖父母一起住在乡下的那些日子”，其中when 引导的是一个定语从句, 修饰the days, when在从句中作时间状语。例14意为“当我看到祖父母的照片时，总是会想起在乡下的那些日子”，其中when 引导的从句并不修饰前面的名词the country，因此可判定为时间状语从句。 2. 引导词不同 当定语从句的先行词前面有so / such修饰时，常用as替代that / which作引导词， 在从句中担任一定的句子成分，一般不省略。当状语从句中含有so / such... that结构时，that是从属连词，引导结果状语从句，不担任句子成分。 例15This is such an interesting book as all of us want to read.这样一本有趣的书，我们大家都想读一读。 例16This is such an interesting book that all of us want to read it.这本书是如此有趣，以至于我们大家都想读一读。 点评： 例15为定语从句，其中的关系代词as指代先行词book，在定语从句中作及物动词read的宾语，但不能省略（这与that / which在定语从句中作宾语时可省略的情况不同）。例16中that引导的是结果状语从句，that在从句中不担任成分，因此从句中仍然保留了宾语it。 【甄别的方法】 当where, when引导定语从句时，一般可被“介词+ which”替换。如例11中where可用at which 代替，即从句可改为...at which there is plenty of rain；例13中的when可用in which替代，即从句可改为...in which I lived with my grandparents in the country. 当where, when引导状语从句时，由于没有先行词，因而不能用“介词+which”来替换。如例12中的where不能用“介词+ which”替代；例14中从句前有名词，但根据句意可知