儿科英文名解
儿科英文名解1．Classification of Neonate（新生儿分类）1)Full term infant（足月儿）:Neonate whose gestational age(GA) is between 37 weeks and42 weeks2)Preterm infant(早产儿):Neonate whose GA is less than 37 weeks3)Post-term infant（过期儿）:Neonate whose GA is more than 42 weeks4)Low birth weight neonate(LBW)（低出生体重儿）:Neonate whose BW is less than 2500g5)Very low birth weight neonate(VLBW)（极低出生体重儿）: Neonate whose BW is lessthan 1500g6)Normal birth weight neonate（正常体重儿）: Neonate whose BW is between 2500g and4000g7)Macrosomia neonate（巨大儿）: Neonate whose BW is over 4000g8)Small for gestational age(SGA)（小于胎龄儿）:Infants whose BW are under P10 of thesame GA infants’BW9)Appropriate gestational age(AGA)（适于体重儿）: Infants whose BW are ranging fromP10 to P90 of the same GA infants’BW10)Large gestational age(LGA)（大于胎龄儿）: Infants whose BW are above P90 of the sameGA infants’BW11)Early newbore（早期新生儿）:Neoborn less than 1 week12)Late newbore（晚期新生儿）:Neoborn aging from 2 weeks to 4 weeks2.Neutral temperature（中性温度）:An appropriate environmental temperaturewhich can keep a neoborn’s normal temperature and can keep the least oygen cousuming,the least metabolism rate ,the least energy evaporated, so is called neutral temperature .3. Apnea（呼吸暂停）: when asphyxia of fetal or neoborn occurs, the respirate inhabitated and reflexal heart rate decreased because of lack of oxygen ,so is called apnea.4. Physiological body weight decline（生理性体重下降）: Intatedeficiency, fatal stool paused and water losed after birth can make physical body weight decline (3%--9%), and it reaches its lowest point in3 or 4 day and returns to its birth weight in 7 to 10 days .5. Physiological anemia（生理性贫血）: When neonate of 2—3 months, RBC drops to 110g/L, neonate occurs mild anemia .It will take 3 months to recover .6. Physiological diarrhea（生理性腹泻）: Physiological diarrhea usuallyoccurs in infants little than 6 months .They appear puffy and often have eczema .Soon after delivery , they may have diarrhea, whose times are increasing .However, there is no other symptoms and the infants have good appetites. Physical diarrhea does not affect the growth. Recent researches found that the diarrhea is a particular type of intolerance of lactose. The stool may recover normality after appending the complements.7. Project Immunity（计划免疫）: According to characteristics of children’simmunity and the conditions of communicable diseases ,people had drawn up a kind of immunity programs, namely project immunity. People inoculate some organico-product in order to progress the level of immunity , control and eliminate the communicable diseases.8.Serious Pneumonia（重症肺炎）:Serious Pneumonia is a kind of pneumonia.Respiratory system together with other systems are invaded,meanwhile,the general toxic symptom is also apparent.9.The Division of Respiratory tract（上下呼吸道分界）: Therespiratory tract is divided into 2 parts,the upper respiratory and the lower respiratory, by the ring-formed gristle.10.Discrepant Cyanosis（差异性紫绀）: Discrepant Cyanosis occurs in PDA.Because of PDA, the blood moves from the aorta to the pulmonary artery. If this abnormality lasted so long that the pressure of pulmonary is higher than the aorta, there will lead to right-to-left shunts and appear cyanosis in the second half of the body.11.Colostrum（初乳）: Colostrum is the first milk produced by the dam which containsantibodies (immunoglobulins) which provide crias with immunity (passive immunity). There is no transfer of immunoglobulins across the placenta and neonatal crias are not capable of producing their own antibodies. They must rely on their passive immunity for the first few weeks of life. This makes colostrum essential to the health of any cria. A cria who does not receive enough.12. Eisenmenger syndrome（Eisenmenger 综合征）: Eisenmengersyndrome occurs in patients with large congenital cardiac or surgically created extracardiac left-to-right shunts. These shunts initially cause increased pulmonary blood flow. Subsequently, usually before puberty, pulmonary vascular disease causes pulmonary hypertension, ultimately resulting in reversed or bidirectional shunt flow with variable degrees of cyanosis.13.Additional nursing（补授法）: When the breast milk is not enough, the babywithin 6 months can be feed partly with breast milk and partly with other nutritions each time.14.Substitutional nursing（代授法）: When the breast milk is enough but themother can’t feed the baby in time, the baby can be feed with other nutritions like milk for some times.15.Malnutrition（营养不良）: It is a disease caused by lacking of energy andprotein. It often happens to the baby within 3 years old with symptoms of weight-losing, fat-losing, edema and functional disorders.16. Obesity（肥胖症）: Obesity is defined as an excessively high amount of body fator adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass.28 Corticoid sensitivity（激素敏感）referring to proteinuria became negative ,edema disappeared within 8 weeks after corticoid therapy.,29 Partial corticoid sensitivity（激素部分敏感）: Edema disappeared within 8 weeks after corticoid therapy but proteinuria is still + ～ ++.30 Corticoid dependent（激素依赖） : Sensitive to corticoidrelieved rapidly after treatment but relapse occurs when the dose reduced or stopped within 2 weeks ,again relieved when resuming full doses or restart treatment and this repeated 2 to 3 times.31 Corticoid resistant（激素耐药） : Referring to the protein in the urine is still over ++ when the treatment has been for full 8 weeks.32 Relapse（复发） and repetition（反复） : Proteinuria hasbeen become negative and the hormone treatment has stopped for morethan 4 weeds ,again the protein in the urine is over ++ is called relapse ;If the above symptoms during treatment is defined as repetition.Frequent relapse（频复发） and frequent repetition （频反复） : Refers to relapse or repetition occurs not less than twice within 6 months.33 Extra-medulla hemopoiesis（髓外造血） :In order to adaptto the anemia caused by infection or hemolysis and so on. After birth especially at infant stage , the live is enlarged for regaining the hemopoietic state. In fetal state this may accompanied by splenolymphomegaly ,nucleated red cells and premature neutrophils can be found in peripheral blood . This specific reaction of infant’s hemopoietic organs is called extra-medullar hemopoiesis.34.Physiological hemolysis（生理性溶血）: Fetal is in theenvironment of low PO2, so the quantity of RBC is large. After birth, PO2 rises. The quantity of RBC is relatively surplus, so many of them are vulnerable to be destroyed. The life of neonatal RBC is short, too.35 Anemia（贫血） : The numbers of erythrocytes or the concentration ofhemoglobin per volume in the tipping circulation is under normal. According to the data from WHO, the lower limit of hemoglobin in 6 months to 6-year old children is 110g/L.6 to 14 years old is 120g/L,the hemoglobin increases 4 percent as altitude raises every 1000 meters; lower than these numbers is called anemia .36 Tripod sign（十字架征） : Positive sign is when child sits up ,hehas to push the bed behind himself with whose hands to keep his position.37.Physiological jaundice（生理性黄疸）: Because of the featureof neonatal bilirubin metabolism ,approximately 50%-60% mature baby and more than 80% premature baby will emerge jaundice within 2 or 3 days after birth and reach the peak at the fourth or the fifty day . If the body is in good heath, jaundice will vanish within 2 weeks in mature baby and prolong to 3 or 4 weeks in premature baby.38.Pathological jaundice（病理性黄疸）:1) The jaundice emerges during the 1st 24hours on the new born.2) The bilirubin in the serum is higher than from 205.2 to 256.5 umol/L or raise 85 umol/L per day.3) The jaundice of term delivery lasts more than 2 weeks. The jaundice of premature lasts more than 4 weeks.4) The jaundice relapses.5) The conjunctive bilirubin is more than 24 umol/L.39.Pharyngo-conjunctival fever（咽结合膜热）: It’s adisease which is caused by virus and is on epidemic in spring and summer, with the feature of fever, pharyngitis and conjunctivitis. High fever, pharynache, tingle in eyes and pharyngeal congestion. Conjunctivitis emerged in one or two sides and lymph nodes of cervix and behind the ear are common and sometimes accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms . Its process is one to two weeks .40 Herpangina（疱疹性咽峡炎）: It is caused by Coxackie group Avirus and often seen in summer and spring. It can spread in children collective organization. It is characterized by fever, pharyngitis, tingling in eyes, pharyngeal congestion ,herpes with flush around about 2 to 4 mm in diameter can be found on pharyngepalatal arch uvula , soft palate ,ulceration formed after splitting ,the course is about 1 weeks .。
小儿法洛四联症
疾病名：小儿法洛四联症英文名：pediatric tetralogy of Fallot缩写：TOF别名：小儿法乐氏四联症；小儿法乐四联症；小儿法鲁四联症；小儿四联畸型ICD号：Q21.3分类：儿科概述：法洛四联症(Tetralogy of Fallot，TOF)是最常见的青紫型先天性心脏病，其主要病理改变有4种：主动脉根部增宽，右移骑跨、肺动脉狭窄、室间隔缺损(前连续中断)与右心室肥厚。
前三项为原发病变，具有重要意义；而右心室肥厚则为继发性改变，为上述畸形所导致的后果。
超声心动图检查本病有非常特异的表现，可作为本病的诊断依据。
流行病学：法洛四联症是发绀型先天性心脏病中最多见的一种畸形。
约占青紫型先天性心脏病的70%左右，约占所有先天性心脏病的10%。
1888年法国医生Etienne Fallot详细描述了该病的病理改变及临床表现，故而得名。
病因：心脏胚胎发育的关键时期是在妊娠的第2～8周，先天性心血管畸形也主要发生于此阶段。
先天性心脏病的发生有多方面的原因，大致分为内在的和外部的两类，其中以后者多见。
内在因素主要与遗传有关，特别是染色体易位和畸变，例如21-三体综合征、13-三体综合征、14-三体综合征、15-三体综合征和18-三体综合征等，常合并先天性心血管畸形；此外，先天性心脏病患者子女的心血管畸形的发生率比预计发病率明显的多。
外部因素中较重要的有宫内感染，尤其是病毒感染，如风疹、腮腺炎、流行性感冒及柯萨奇病毒等；其他如妊娠期接触大剂量射线、使用某些药物、患代谢性疾病或慢性病、缺氧、母亲高龄(接近更年期)等，均有C D D C D D C D D C DD造成先天性心脏病的危险。
发病机制：1.病理解剖(1)室间隔缺损和肺动脉狭窄：是法洛四联症的主要病理解剖改变，因圆锥室间隔向前向左移位，与正常位置的窦部室间隔不能连接，故在主动脉口之下形成较大的室间隔缺损。
可分为嵴下型和肺动脉瓣下型两种类型，以嵴下型缺损多见。
儿科英文名解题目
44． Oral poliovirus vaccine,OPV 口服脊髓灰质儿科英文名解题目Pediatric noun interpretationSpecialist Clinic (Expert outpatient serviceGeneral outpatient clinic 普通门诊 The registration fee 挂号费 molecular level 分子水平24Nutritional requirement 营养25 ． Feed of infant 婴儿喂养 26． Breast feeding 母乳喂养 27 ． Mixed feeding 混合喂养 28． Artificial feeding 人工喂养 29． Secretory IgA antibody型IgA 抗体30． Lactoferritin 乳铁蛋白 31 ． Bifidus factor 双岐因子 32．Supplementaryfood 辅助食品 33 ． Self-demand feedings 按需哺 乳34．Health care 保健 35． Program 计划疫36Active 主动免疫 37 ． Passive被动疫38Growth monitoring 生长发育监测 39 ． Perinatal health 围期保健40． Initial 初次接种41． Repeat复种1Fetus 胎儿 2． Fetal phase 胎儿期3． Neonatal stage 新生儿期 4 ． Infancy 婴儿期 5． Toddler stage 幼儿期 6 ． Preschool stage 学龄前期 7． School age 学龄期 8 ． Sexual 性成熟9． Body weight 体重 10 ． Height 身高11． Genetic factors 遗传因素 12 ． Head circumference 头围 13． Chest circumference 胸围 14 ． Anterior fontanel 前囟 15． Bone age;skeletal age 骨龄 16 ． Osseous centers 骨化中心 17． Primary teeth 乳牙 18 ． Permanent 恒牙19． Microcephaly 头小畸形 20 ． Prepubertal period 青春前期 21Basal metabolic 基础代谢 23 ．Specific dynamic 遗传食物特殊动力作用) 专家门诊hereditary42．Vaccinal 疫苗接种43 ．prenatal care 产前健44．Oral poliovirus vaccine,OPV 口服脊髓灰质8845．46． 47． 娠 49． Live attenuated measles vaccine Altogether three vaccine,DTP Encephalitis vaccine 乙脑疫苗 Pseudomenstration 假月经 麻疹减毒活疫苗 百白破三联疫苗 48 ． High risk pregnancy 高危妊50 Fetal-to-fetaltransfusion 胎-胎间输血51． Cephalhaematoma 头颅血肿 encephalopathy HIE 缺氧、缺血性脑病 53． 55． 57． 59． 60． 62． 64． 52 ． Hypooxic ischemic Rooming in 母婴同 Rooting reflex 觅食反射 Palmer grasping reflex 握持反射 Intracranial hemorrhage cerebral developmental Apnea 呼吸暂停 61 Physiological jaundice 生理性黄疸 Epithelial pearl 上皮珠 54 56 58 63 65 ． Moro reflex 拥抱反射 ． Sucking reflex 吸吮反射 ． Birth injury 产伤 颅内出血 ． Pulmonary hemorrhage 肺出血 ． Breast nodule 乳腺结节 ． Neonatal septicemia 新生儿 败血症66． Neonatal hepatitis 新生儿肝炎 黄疸 68． Congenital biliary atresia 母乳性黄疸 70． 窒息 72．73． 67 先天性胆道闭锁 Respiratory disorders 新生儿 Idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome Aspiration pneumonia 吸入性肺炎 71 74 ． Pathologic jaundice 病理性 69 ． Jaundice due to breast milk ． Asphyxia of newborns 新生儿 特发性呼吸窘迫综合征 ． Amniotic fluid aspiration syndrome 羊水吸入综合征 75． Bronchi fill with air 儿硬肿症 77． 炎 79． 出血 81． 83． 血症 85． 87． Tetanus neonatorum Perinatal medicine 支气管充气征 新生儿破伤风 围产期医学 76 78 80 Protein energy malnutrition 蛋白质能量营养不良 Protein malnutrition 蛋白质营养不良 84 Hypoalbuminema 低白蛋白血症 Parathyroid 甲状旁腺 86 Scleredema of newborn 新生 Neonatal hepatitis 新生儿肝 ． Umbilical bleeding 脐 82 ． Anorexia 食欲不振 ． Hypoproteine mia ． Ricket 佝偻病 ． Rachtic rosary 低蛋白 佝偻病 性串珠 89． Bracelets of hand手镯，腕带90 Bracelets of feet 足镯91． Craniotabes 颅骨软化 92 ． Harrison groove 赫氏沟93． Funnel chest 漏斗胸 94． Square head 方颅 95． Osseoua center 骨化中心 96． Hypocaliemia 低钙血症 97． Laryngeal spasm 喉痉挛 98． Peroneal sign 腓神经征 99． Trousseau ' s sign 陶瑟氏100 ． Tetany 手足搐搦 101． Bowlegs 弓形腿 102 ． knock-knee 膝外翻 103． Upper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染 104． Bronchitis 支气管炎 105 ． Pneumonia 肺炎106． Tonsillitis 扁桃体炎 107． Wheezing rales 喘鸣音 108． Asthmatic bronchitis 哮喘性支气管炎 109． Dyspnea 呼吸困难 110． Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎 111． Bronchopneumonia 支气 管肺炎112． Interstitial pneumonia 间质性肺炎 113 ． Bronchiolitis 毛细气管炎114． Hypoxemia 低氧血症 115． Hypercapnia 高碳酸血 症116． Myocarditis 心肌炎 117． Respiratory failure 呼 吸衰竭118． Hypercapnia 高碳酸血症 119． Myocarditis 心肌炎 120． Respiratory failure 呼吸121． Bacterial culture培养122． Isolation of virus 病毒分离 123 ． Empyema 脓胸 124． Bulla 肺大泡 125． Pyopneumothorax 脓气胸 126． Acute pneumonia 急性肺炎127． Protracted pneumonia 延性肺炎128． Chronic pneumonia 慢性肺炎 129． Mycoplasma pneumonic pneumonia 肺炎支原体肺炎130． Asthmatic bronchitis 哮喘性支气管131 ． Asthma 哮喘132． Enteral infections 肠道感133． Enteropathogenic EEPEC 致病性大肠杆菌134． Enterotoxigenic , ETEC 产毒性大肠杆菌 Enteroinvasive , EIEC 侵袭大肠杆菌136． Enterohemorrhagic , EHEC 出 血性大肠杆菌 ． Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色 葡萄球菌138． Humanr otavirus 轮状病毒 139． Viral 毒性胃肠炎140． Candida albicans 白色念珠141． Non-infectious非感染性腹泻142． Dietary diarrhea 性腹泻 144． Heat-labile toxins 热肠毒素 146． Watery diarrhea 延性腹泻 148． Chronic diarrhea 泻 150． Autumn diarrhea 性腹泻 152． Acidosis 酸中毒 154． Indigestion 消化不良 生素疗法 156． Dietary therapy 饮食疗法 158． TBF total body fluid 总体液 胞内液 160． ECF exteral cell 质液 162． Mild dehydration 度脱水 164 165． Isotonic dehydration 饮食性腹泻 不耐热肠毒素 水样腹泻 慢性腹泻 秋季腹泻 fluid 细胞外液166． Hypotonicdehydration 渗性脱水 168． Metabolic acidosis 积损失量 170． Oral rehydration 先天性心脏病 172． 173． 174． 175． 176． 177． 178． 179． 180． 181． 182． 143 147 145 149 151 153 155 157 159 161． Osmotic diarrhea 渗透Heat stable toxins 耐Protracted diarrhea 迁． Acute diarrhea 急性腹． Allergic diarrhea 过敏 ． Hypokalem ia． Antimicrob ial 低钾血症therapy 抗 ． FluidtherapyICF interal cell ITF interstitia l 液体疗法 fluid flu id 轻度脱水． Severe dehydration 等渗性脱水 低渗性脱水 代谢性酸中毒 163重度脱水 167 169 salt, ORS 口 服补液盐 Echocardiography Cardiac catheterization Left-to-right shunt Right-to-left shunt Ventricular septal defect, VSD Atrial septal defect, ASD Patent ductus arteriosus, PDA Tetralogy of Fallot Infective bacterial Pulmonary stenosis 171 超声心动图 心导管检查 左向右分流 右向左分流 室间隔缺损 房间隔缺损 动脉导管未闭 Clubbing of fingers 法乐氏四联症 感染性心内膜炎 肺动脉狭窄 杵状指趾 Moderate dehydration． Hypertonicdehydration． Total fluid deficit ． Congenital heart diseaseDextrocardia; dexiocardia 右位心Double-outlet right ventricle 右室双出口 Disease with little or no cyanosis 无青紫型Functional murmur; innocent murmur 功能性杂音 Cerebral abscess 脑脓肿Carditis 心脏炎 Arthralgia 关节痛 Chorea 舞蹈病C-reactive protein, CRP C 反应蛋白 Polyarthritis 多关节炎Subcutaneous nodules 皮下结节 Aschoff body 风湿小体Erythema marginatum or erythema anaulare 环形红斑 Pericarditis 心包炎Preceding streplococcal infection 前驱链球菌感染 Rhematic valvular disease 风湿性瓣膜病 Anuria 无尿Azotaemia 氮质血症 Oliguria 少尿 Haematuria 血尿 Proteinunia 蛋白尿 Uraemia 尿毒症Hypertensive encepha-lopathy 高血压脑病 Acute nephritic syndrome 急性肾炎综合征Minimal change nephritic syndrome (NS) 微小病变肾病综合征 Mesangial proliferative GN 系膜增殖性肾炎 Membranous nephropathy 膜性肾病Membranoproliferative GN 膜增殖性肾炎Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 局灶节段性肾小球硬化 Focal and global glomerulosclerosis 局灶性全球性肾小球硬化 Diffuse proliferative GN 弥漫增殖性肾炎Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 肾小球滤过率 Nephritic syndrome 肾病综合征 Glomerular disaease 肾小球疾病Glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎 Hypercholeslerolemia 高胆固醇血症 Hemodialysis 血液透析Renal biopsy 肾活体组织检查183．184． 185． 186． 187． 188． 189． 190． 191． 192． 193． 194． 195． 196． 197． 198． 199． 200． 201． 202． 203． 204． 205221．Gross (or macroscopic) hematuria 肉眼血尿222．Acute poststreptococcal 急性链球菌感223．Acute renal failure 急性肾功能衰竭224．Iron deficiency an (a) emia 缺铁性贫血225．Hypochromic microcytic an (a) emia 低色素小细胞性贫血226．Nutritional an (a) emia 营养性贫血227．Megaloblastic an (a) emia 巨幼红细胞性贫血228．Biopsy (Bone marrow biopsy) 活检活组织检查( 骨髓活检) 229．Bone marrow puncture 骨髓穿刺术230．Lymph node puncture 淋巴结穿刺术231．Sternal puncture 胸骨穿刺术232．Lumbar puncture 腰椎穿刺术233．Extramedullary hematopoiesis 髓外造血234．MCV (mean corpuscular volume) 平均红细胞压积235．MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) 平均红细胞血红蛋白量236．MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) 平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度237．Colony stimulating factor pool 集落刺激因子池238．Purulent meningitis 化脓性脑膜炎239．Nuchal rigidity 颈强直240．Brain edema 脑水肿241．Brain hernia 脑疝242．Subdural effusion 硬脑膜下积液243．Pathogenic organisms 致病微生物244．Viral meningitis 病毒性脑膜炎245．Hemiplegia 偏瘫246．Ventricular tap 脑室穿刺247．Measles 麻疹248．Acute respiratory infectious disease 急性呼吸道传染病249．Viremia 病毒血症250．Catarrhal inflammation 卡他炎症251．Skin rash 皮疹252．Eruption period 发疹期253．Toxic symptoms 中毒症状254．Fluorescence-antibody examination 荧光抗体检查255．German measles 风疹256．Exanthem subitum 幼儿急疹257．Poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎258．Polioviruses 脊髓灰质炎病毒Abortive form 顿挫型 Non paralytic poliomyelitisHyperesthesia 感觉过敏 Paresthesia 感觉异常 Paralytic stage 瘫痪期 Sequelae stage 后遗症期 Muscle atrophy 肌肉萎缩 Guillain Barre 's syndrome 格林巴利氏综合征 Primary complex 原发综合征 Primary tuberculosis 原发性结核 Mantoux test 结核菌素皮内试验 Tuberculin skin test 结核菌素试验Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis 浸润性肺结核 Tuberculous pleurisy 结核性胸膜炎Tuberculous lymphangitis 结核性淋巴管炎 Initial infection 初发感染Perifocal mononuclear cellTubercle 结核结节Caseation 干酪性坏死 Purified proteinderivativeImmunosuppressiveagent TuberculousMeningitis病灶周的单核细胞 纯蛋白衍生物 免疫抑制剂 结核性脑膜炎Caseous exudate 干酪样渗出物Meningeal irritation stage 脑膜刺激征期 Facial nerve palsy 面神经麻痹 Papilledema 视乳头水肿Intrathecal injection 鞘内注射 Hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退 Cretinism 呆小病、克汀病 Athyreosis 甲状腺功能缺失 Autoimmunty 自身免疫 Myxedema 粘液性水肿 Thyroxine 甲状腺素Genetic diseases 遗传性疾病 Phenylketonuria 苯丙酮尿症 Phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸 Autosome 常染色体Dietary therapy 饮食疗法259．260． 261． 262． 263． 264． 265． 266． 267． 268． 269． 270． 271． 272． 273． 274． 275． 276． 277． 278． 279． 280． 281无瘫痪型脊髓灰质炎297．Trisomy 21 symdrome 21- 三体综合征298．Down syndrome 唐氏综合征299．Recessive gene 隐性基因300．Genotype 基因型301．Immunity 免疫302．Immune supervision 免疫监视303．Immuno-deficiency disorders 免疫缺陷病304．Anaphylaxis 变态反应305．Auto-immune diseases 自身免疫病306．Non-specific immunity 非特异性免疫307．Specific immunity 特异性免疫308．Acquired immunity 获得性免疫309．Cellular immunity 细胞免疫310．Humoral immunity 体液免疫311．Immune globulin 免疫球蛋白312．Passive immunity 被动免疫313．Humoral immunodeficiency 体液免疫缺陷314．Primary immunodeficiencies 原发性免疫缺陷315．Congenital hypogamma globulinemia 先天性低丙种球细胞免疫缺陷蛋白血症316．Cellular immunodeficiency or deficiency ofcellulax immunity317．Congenital thymus aplasis 先天性胸腺发育不全318．Nezelof syndrome combined immunodeficiency 联合免疫缺陷319．Bone marrow transplantation 骨髓移植320．Lymphoblast transformation test 淋巴母细胞转化试验321．Replacement therapy 替代疗法322．Immune reconstitution therapy 免疫重建。
CDDCDDCDDCDD
疾病名：小儿先天性高氨血症英文名：pediatric congenital hyperammonemia缩写：别名：ICD号：E88.8分类：儿科概述：先天性高氨血症是由于尿素合成的先天性代谢异常，致血氨增高，造成神经系统功能损害的疾病。
流行病学：本症是临床较为少见的先天性代谢异常性疾病。
病因：尿素循环中的酶有遗传性缺陷，致尿素合成障碍，血氨增高。
发病机制：1.尿素循环 体内氨基酸分解而产生的氨，以及由肠管吸收的氨，是体液的正常成分，但过量的氨具有神经毒性。
人体对氨的主要解毒方式是在肝内将氨合成尿素，再随尿排出。
合成尿素的代谢途径称为尿素循环(urea cycle)。
通过尿素循环和其他解毒方式，血氨得以维持于正常水平，一般为27～82μmol/L(50～130μg/dl)。
尿素循环必须有6种酶的参与(图1)： (1)形成氨甲酰磷酸：首先，在线粒体内，氨与CO 2在氨甲酰磷酸合成酶(carbamyl phosphate synthetase,CPS)和变构激活因子N-乙酰谷氨酸的作用下形成氨甲酰磷酸。
C D D C D D C D D C DD(2)合成瓜氨酸：氨甲酰磷酸在鸟氨酸氨甲酰基转移酶(ornithine transcarbamoylase，OTC)的作用下与鸟氨酸缩合成瓜氨酸，然后通过线粒体膜进入细胞质。
(3)形成精氨酰琥珀酸：在细胞质中，瓜氨酸和天冬氨酸经由精氨酰琥珀酸合成酶(argininosuccinate synthetase，AS)的作用形成精氨酰琥珀酸。
(4)分解成为精氨酸和延胡索酸：精氨酰琥珀酸由精氨酰琥珀酸裂解酶(argininosuccinase，AL)分解成为精氨酸和延胡索酸。
(5)分解成鸟氨酸和无毒尿素：然后，精氨酸酶(arginase，ARG)将精氨酸分解成鸟氨酸和无毒尿素，前者又被转化为瓜氨酸，后者由肾排出。
(6)N-乙酰谷氨酸合成酶(N-acetylglutamate synthetase，NAGS)：尿素循环所需的N-乙酰谷氨酸(NAG)系由谷氨酸和乙酰辅酶A经过N-乙酰谷氨酸合成酶(N-acetylglutamate synthetase，NAGS)催化而成。
早产儿
疾病名：早产儿英文名：premature infant缩写：别名：preemie；preemy；premature baby；未成熟儿；早产婴儿ICD号：P07.3分类：儿科概述：早产儿尚无统一的定义，目前我国多把胎龄＜37周(259天)出生的新生儿称为早产儿，这一定义不考虑体重。
国外早产儿多指孕周满20周至不满37周，体重在500g至不足2500g者。
其中，孕周不满32足周者称极早产儿。
绝大多数早产儿出生体重均低下，出生体重＜2500g者，称低出生体重儿(low birthweight infant，LBWI)；出生体重1000～1499g者，称极低出生体重儿(very low birthweight infant，VLBWI)；出生体重＜1000g者，称超低出生体重儿(extreme low birthweight infant，ELBWI)。
由于早产儿自身的解剖生理特点所决定，一些疾病的发生率较高，死亡率也较高，达12.7%～20.8%，远高于足月儿，因而了解早产儿的生理、病理特点对临床有重要意义。
流行病学：1.发生率 按照我国早产儿的定义，其发生率为5%～10%。
据上海市杨浦区5所医院(上海第二医科大学附属新华医院、上海第二军医大学附属长海医院、杨浦区中心医院、上海第二纺织医院以及杨浦区妇婴保健院)1999年的统计资料显示，在5000例活产婴儿中，早产儿的发生率为4.4%。
上海市第一妇婴保健院1995～1999年5年内在11027例活产婴儿中，早产儿的发生率为9.96%(该院为上海市早产儿中心，有较高的高危孕妇胎内转运率)。
中国香港特别行政区的早产儿发生率为7.45%。
美国为7.1%～17.9%不等，其中黑人发生率高于白人，而华人发生率则低于白人。
2.病死率 国内报道病死率为12.7%～20.8%。
体重愈低病死率愈高。
尤以＜1000g病死率更高。
国外报道，胎龄愈小，体重愈低，病死率愈高。
医学科目英文名
医用高等数学medical altitude maths 医学物理学medical physics基础化学basic chemistry有机化学organic chemistry医学生物学medical biology系统的解剖学systemic anatomy局部解剖学topology anatomy组织学histology胚胎学embryology生物化学biochemistry生理学physiology医学微生物学medical microbiology 人体寄生虫学human parasitology医学免疫学medical immunology病理学pathology病理生理学pathphysiology药理学phatmacology医学心理学medical psychology法医学medical jurispurdence诊断学diagnostics内科学medicine外科学surgery妇产科学tokology儿科学pedology神经病学neurology精神病学psychiatry传染病学epidemiolgy眼科学ophthalmology耳鼻喉科学ear-nose-throat department口腔科学nonnasality science皮肤性病学derma-venerea disease核医学nucleus medicine流行病学epidemiology卫生学hygienics预防医学prevent medicine中医学herbalist medicine医学分子生物学medical numerator biology医学细胞生物学medical matrix biology 医学遗传学medical genetics临床药理学clinical pharmacology医学统计学medical statistics医学伦理学medical ethnics。
中医四大名著的英文名
食医心鉴 Heart Mirror of Dietotherapy 中医食疗著作，唐代昝殷 撰。
海药本草 Oversea Materia Medica 中药著作，五代前蜀李珣撰。 太平圣惠方 Taiping Holy Prescriptions for Universal Relief 官修中 医方剂著作，北宋王怀隐等撰。
经史证类备急本草 Classified Material Medical from Historical Classics for Emergency中药著作，宋代唐慎微撰。 太平惠民和剂局方 Prescriptions of the Bureau of Taiping People's Welfare Pharmacy 官修中医方剂著作，宋代陈承、裴宗元等撰。 圣济总录 General Records of Holy Universal Relief 官修中医方剂 著作，宋代赵佶等撰。
温疫论 On Plague Diseases 中医温病著作，明代吴有性撰。 审视瑶函 Precious Book of Ophthalmology 中医眼科著作，明代 傅仁宇撰。
医方集解 Collected Exegesis of Recipes中医方剂著作，清代汪昂 撰。
汤头歌诀 Recipes in Rhymes 入门性方剂著作，清代汪昂撰。
先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄
疾病名：先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄英文名：congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis缩写：CHPS别名：先天肥大性幽门狭窄；新生儿肥厚性幽门狭窄ICD号：Q40.0分类：儿科概述：先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄(congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis，CHPS)是由于幽门环肌肥厚、增生，使幽门管腔狭窄而引起的机械性幽门梗阻，是新生儿、婴幼儿常见病之一。
流行病学：先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄是新生儿期常见的消化道畸形，由于新生儿幽门环形肌肥厚，导致幽门狭窄，出现幽门梗阻的症状。
1717年首次在伦敦报告本病，1898年首次用胃空肠吻合术治愈本病。
1911年Ramstedt 采用幽门肌切开术治疗本病，此方法沿用至今。
先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的发病率因地区和人种而异。
白种人发病率高于黑种人约2.5倍。
国外统计每1000名新生儿中有2～5名发生本病，国内发生率为0.3‰～1‰，男多于女，约为4～5∶1，50%～60%为第1胎，少数病例有家族史。
发病率因地区和种族不同差异很大。
该病在欧美发病率很高，有人报道300～900个活婴中有1例。
在我国该病的发病率较低，大约在3000个新生儿中就有1例。
但仍为新生儿常见的疾病，占消化道畸形的第3位。
男性远较女性发病率高，男性占90%以上。
多为足月产正常婴儿，未成熟儿较少见。
目前手术治疗该病获得良好疗效，病死率已降至1%以下。
病因：病因目前尚无统一认识，有以下几种学说： 1.幽门肌间神经丛异常 由于神经节细胞发育不正常，数目减少或退行性变，使幽门括约肌神经控制不平衡，长期处于痉挛状态，使幽门肌肉肥厚、增生，幽门管腔狭窄而形成幽门部不全梗阻。
C D D C D D C D D C DD2.遗传学说 有人认为本病系多基因遗传，发生于同胞兄弟机会是3%～6%，同卵双生儿为22%。
母患病子女风险率为19%和7%，父患病子女风险率为5.5%和2.4%。
新生儿生理性黄疸
疾病名：新生儿生理性黄疸英文名：neonatal physiological jaundice缩写：别名：physiological jaundice of newborn；发育性高胆红素血症；新生儿暂时性黄疸ICD号：P59.8分类：儿科概述：新生儿生理性黄疸是由于新生儿胆红素代谢特点所引起，是正常新生儿在生长过程中的一种生理现象。
黄疸是由于体内胆红素的增高引起皮肤、黏膜或其他器官黄染的现象。
成人血清胆红素＞34µmol/L(2mg/dl)时，巩膜和皮肤可见黄染，新生儿由于毛细血管丰富，胆红素＞85µmol/L (5mg/dl)时才出现皮肤黄染。
新生儿黄疸分生理性黄疸(physiological jaundice)和病理性黄疸两类。
流行病学：约有60%～70%的足月儿和80%的早产儿出现生理性黄疸。
近年来国内外许多学者通过大量的临床研究和调查，认识到生理性黄疸的程度受许多因素的影响，不仅有个体差异，也与种族、地区、遗传、性别、喂养方式等有关。
东方人比西方人，美国印第安人比白种人要高。
病因：1.胆红素生成多 胆红素生成较多原因有：(1)红细胞破坏多：胎儿在宫内处于低氧环境，红细胞代偿性增多，但寿命短，出生后血氧含量增高，过多的红细胞被迅速破坏。
(2)旁路胆红素来源多。
(3)血红素加氧酶含量高：在生后7天内含量高，产生胆红素的潜力大。
2.肝功能不成熟(1)肝摄取胆红素能力差：肝细胞内Y、Z蛋白含量不足，使肝对胆红素摄取不足。
(2)肝结合胆红素功能差：肝内葡萄糖醛酸转移酶含量低且活力不足，形成结合胆红素的功能差。
(3)肝排泄胆红素功能差：排泄结合胆红素的功能差，易致胆汁淤积。
3.肠-肝循环特点 新生儿刚出生时肠道内正常菌群尚未建立，不能将进入肠道的胆红素转化为尿胆原(粪胆原)，且新生儿肠道内β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶活性较高，将肠道内的结合胆红素水解成葡萄糖醛酸和未结合胆红素，后者又被肠壁吸收经门静脉达肝脏。
常见疾病的英文名称
常见疾病的英文名称 篇一：常见疾病英文名 妇产科department of gynaecology and obstetrics（OG）产后出血postpartum hemorrhage 产褥感染puerperal infection 功能性子宫出血functional uterine bleeding（FUB） 宫颈癌uterine cervix cancer（CACX） 流产abortion 卵巢肿瘤oophoroma 慢性宫颈炎chronic cervicitis 慢性盆腔炎chronic pelvic inflammatory disease 母儿血型不合溶血病Hemolytic disease of newborn（新生儿溶血）妊娠高血压综合症gestational hypertension syndrome 妊娠剧吐hyperemesis gravidarum 妊娠滋养细胞疾病gestational trophoblastic disease（GTD）胎膜早破premature rupture of membranes 外阴癌carcinoma vulvae 外阴阴道炎vulvovaginitis 羊水栓塞amnionic fluid embolism（AFE） 异位妊娠（宫外孕）ectopic pregnancy 子宫肌瘤hysteromyoma 子宫破裂metrorrhexis 子宫体癌corpus cancer 呼吸系统respiratory system 肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis（TB） 肺脓肿lung abscess 肺炎球菌肺炎pneumococcal pneumonia 肺炎支原体肺炎mycoplasmal pneumonia 急性呼吸衰竭acute respiratory failure 急性气管－支气管肺炎acute trachea-bronchi pneumonia 急性上呼吸道感染acute throat infection 慢性肺源性心脏病Chronic cor pulmonale 慢性呼吸衰竭chronic respiratory failure 慢性支气管炎chronic bronchitis 葡萄球菌肺炎staphylococcal pneumonia 气胸pneumothorax 胸腔积液pleural effusion 原发性支气管肺癌primary bronchiogenic carcinoma 支气管扩张症bronchiectasis 支气管哮喘bronchial asthma 阻塞性肺气肿obstructive emphysema 内分泌系统endocrine system 甲状腺功能减退症hypothyroidism 甲状腺结节thyroid nodule 甲状腺腺瘤thyroid adenoma 甲状腺炎thyroiditis 糖尿病diabetes mellitus 痛风gout 垂体瘤pituitary tumor 单纯性甲状腺肿simple goiter 高脂血症hyperlipemia 甲状旁腺功能减退hypoparathyroidism 甲状腺癌thyroid carcinoma 消化系统digestive system 胃癌gastric cancer 肠结核intestinal tuberculosis 非感染性腹泻病noninfectious diarrhea 肝硬化cirrhosis of liver 感染性腹泻infectious diarrhea 急性肝炎acute hepatitis 急性胃炎acute gastritis 急性胰腺炎acute pancreatitis 结核性腹膜炎tuberculous peritonitis 克隆病Crohn's disease 溃疡性结肠炎ulcerative colitis 慢活肝（慢性活动性肝炎）chronic active hepatitis 慢性胃炎chronic gastritis 慢性胰腺炎chronic pancreatitis 胃肠神经官能症gastrointestinal neurosis 小儿鹅口疮pedo-thrush 小儿疱疹性口炎pedo-herpetic stomatitis 小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄 pedo-congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 原发性肝癌primary hepatic carcinoma 心血管系统cardiovascular system 闭塞性动脉粥样硬化occlusive atherosclerosis 单纯性下肢静脉曲张simple varicose veins of lower extremity 动静脉瘘arteriovenous fistula 动脉栓塞arterial embolism 多发性大动脉炎polyarteritis 二尖瓣环钙化mitral annular calcification 二尖瓣脱垂综合症mitral valve prolapse syndrome 风湿性心脏病rheumatic heart disease 腹主动脉瘤abdominal aortic aneurysm 周围动脉瘤peripheral aneurysm 感染性心内膜炎infective endocarditis 高血压病hypertensive disease（HBP）冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 coronary atherosclerotic heart disease（CAHD）急性心力衰竭acute heart failure 慢性心力衰竭chronic cardiac failure 急性心包炎acute pericarditis 雷诺综合症Raynaud syndrome 梅毒性心血管病syphil 乳头肌功能不全dysfunction of papillary muscle 深静脉血栓deep vein thrombus 先天性心脏病congenital heart disease 心肌病cardiomyopathy 心肌炎myocarditis 心律失常arrhythmia 心血管神经官能症cardiovascular neurosis 心脏粘液瘤myxoma of heart 血栓性静脉炎thrombophlebitis 血液系统hematological system 篇二：常见疾病英文名称 补充课外词汇 常见疾病名称 Internal Medicine 内科 Acidosis 酸中毒 Adams-Stokes syndrome 亚－斯氏综合症 alcoholism, alcoholic intoxication 酒精中毒 alkalosis 碱中毒 anaphylaxis 过敏症 anemia 贫血 iron deficiency anemia 缺铁性贫血 megaloblastic anemia 巨幼红细胞性贫血 aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血 angiitis 脉管炎 angina pectoris 心绞痛 arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 apoplexy 中风 auricular fibrillation 心房纤颤 auriculo-ventricular block 房室传导阻滞 bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘 bronchitis 支气管炎 bronchiectasis 支气管扩张 broncho eumonia 支气管肺炎 carcinoma 癌 cardiac arrhythmia 心律紊乱 cardiac failure 心力衰竭 cardiomyopathy 心肌病 cirrhosis 肝硬化 coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉硬化性心脏病Crohn disease 克罗恩病 Cushing's syndrome 库欣综合症 diabetes 糖尿病 diffuse intravascular coagulation 弥散性血管凝血 dysentery 痢疾 enteritis 肠炎 gastric ulcer 胃溃疡 gastritis 胃炎 gout 痛风 hepatitis 肝炎 Hodgkin's disease 霍奇金病 hyperlipemia 高脂血症，血脂过多 hyperparathyroidism 甲状旁腺功能亢进 hyper lenism 脾功能亢进 hyperte ion 高血压 hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进 hypoglycemia 低血糖 hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退 infective endocarditis 感染性心内膜炎 influenza 流感 leukemia 白血病 lobareumonia 大叶性肺炎 lymphadenitis 淋巴结炎 lymphoma 淋巴瘤 malaria 疟疾 malnutrition 营养不良 measles 麻疹 myeloma 骨髓瘤 myocardial infarction 心肌梗死 myocarditis 心肌炎 nephritis 肾炎 nephritic syndrome 肾综合症 o tructive pulmonary emphysema 阻塞性肺气肿 pancreatitis 胰腺炎 peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡 peritonitis 腹膜炎 pleuritis 胸膜炎 eumonia 肺炎 purpura 紫癜 allergic purpura 过敏性紫癜 thrombocytolytic purpura 血小板减少性紫癜 pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎 renal failure 肾功能衰竭 rheumatic fever 风湿病 rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎 scarlet fever 猩红热 septicemia 败血症 syphilis 梅毒 tachycardia 心动过速 tumour 肿瘤 typhoid 伤寒 ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎 u er gastrointestinal hemorrhage 上消化道血 Neurology 神经科 brain a ce脑脓肿 cerebral embolism 脑栓塞 cerebral infarction 脑梗死 cerebral thrombosis 脑血栓 cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血 concu ion of brain 脑震荡 craniocerebral injury 颅脑损伤 epile y 癫痫 intracranial tumour 颅内肿瘤 intracranial hematoma 颅内血肿 meningitis 脑膜炎 migraine 偏头痛 neurasthenia 神经衰弱 neurosis 神经官能症 paranoidychosis 偏执性精神病 Parki on's disease 帕金森综合症 ychosis 精神病 schizophrenia 精神分裂症 Surgery 外科 abdominal external hernia 腹外疝 acute diffuse peritonitis 急性弥漫性腹膜炎 acute mastitis 急性乳腺炎 acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎\ acute perforation of gastro-duodenal ulcer急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔acute pyelonephritis 急性肾盂肾炎 anal fi ure 肛裂 anal fistula 肛瘘 anesthesia 麻醉 angioma 血管瘤 a endicitis 阑尾炎 bleeding of gastro-duodenal ulcer 胃十二指肠溃疡出血bone tumour 骨肿瘤 breast adenoma 乳房腺瘤 burn 烧伤 cancer of breast 乳腺癌 carbuncle 痈 carcinoma of colon 结肠炎 carcinoma of esophagus 食管癌 carcinoma of gallbladder 胆囊癌 carcinoma of rectum 直肠癌 carcinoma of stomach 胃癌 cholecystitis 胆囊炎 cervicalondylosis 颈椎病 choledochitis 胆管炎 cholelithiasis 胆石症 chondroma 软骨瘤 dislocation of joint 关节脱位 erysipelas 丹毒 fracture 骨折 furuncle 疖 hemorrhoid 痔 hypertrophy of prostate 前列腺肥大 intestinal o truction 肠梗阻 intestinal tuberculosis 肠结核 lipoma 脂肪瘤 lithangiuria 尿路结石 liver a ce肝脓肿 melanoma 黑色素瘤 o eous tuberculosis 骨结核 osteoclastoma 骨巨细胞瘤 osteoporosis 骨质疏松症 osteosarcoma 骨质疏松症 osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤 Paget's disease 佩吉特病 perianorecrtal a ce肛管直肠周围脓肿 phlegmon 蜂窝织炎 portal hyperte ion 门静脉高压 prostatitis 前列腺炎 protrusion of intervertebral disc 椎间盘突出 purulent arthritis 化脓性关节炎 pyogenic ostcomyclitis 化脓性骨髓炎 pyothorax 脓胸 rectal polyp 直肠息肉 rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎 rupture ofleen 脾破裂 scapulohumeral periarthritis 肩周炎 tenosynovitis 腱鞘炎 tetanus 破伤风 thromboangiitis 血栓性脉管炎 thyroid adenocarcinoma 甲状腺腺癌 thyroid adenoma 甲状腺腺瘤 trauma 创伤 urinary infection 泌尿系感染 varicose vein of lower limb 下肢静脉曲张Paediatrics 儿科acute military tuberculosis of the lung 急性粟粒性肺结核acute necrotic enteritis 急性坏死性结肠炎 anaphylactic purpura 过敏性紫癜 ancylostomiasis 钩虫病 ascariasis 蛔虫病 a hyxia of the newborn 新生儿窒息 atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损 birth injury 产伤 cephalhematoma 头颅血肿 cerebral palsy 脑性瘫痪 congenital torticollis 先天性斜颈 convulsion 惊厥 Down's syndrome 唐氏综合症 glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎 hemophilia 血友病 infantile diarrhea 婴儿腹泻 intracranial hemorrhage of the newborn 新生儿颅内出血intu usception 肠套叠 necrotic enterocolitis of newborn 新生儿坏死性小肠结膜炎neonatal jaundice 新生儿黄疸 nutritional iron deficiency anemia 营养性缺铁性贫血nutritional megaloblastic anemia 营养性巨幼细胞性贫血patent ductus arteriosis 动脉导管未闭 poliomyelitis 骨髓灰质炎 premature infant 早产儿 primary tuberculosis 原发性肺结核 progre ive muscular dystrophy 进行性肌肉营养不良pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉狭窄 purulent meningitis 化脓性脑膜炎 rickets 佝偻病 se is of the newborn 新生儿败血症 tetanus of the newborn 新生儿破伤风 tetralogy of Fallot 法洛四联症 thrush 鹅口疮，真菌性口炎 varicella 水痘 ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损 viral encephalitis 病毒性脑炎 viral myocarditis 病毒性心肌炎 Gynecology and Otetrics 妇，产科 abortion 流产 adenomyosis 子宫内膜异位症 amniotic fluid embolism 羊水栓塞 Bartholin's cyst 巴氏腺囊肿 carcinoma of cervix 子宫颈癌 carcinoma of endometrium 子宫内膜癌 carcinoma of ovary 卵巢癌 cervicitis 宫颈炎 chorio-epithelioma 绒毛膜上皮癌 corpora luteum cyst 黄体囊肿 dystocia 难产 eclam ia 子痫 edema-proteinuria-hyperte ion syndrome 水肿蛋白尿高血压综合征（妊娠高血压综合征）endometriosis 子宫内膜异位 extrauterine pregnancy 子宫外孕 hydatidiform mole 葡萄胎 hyperemesis gravidarum 妊娠剧吐 infertility 不育症 irregular me truation 月经失调 lochia 恶露 monilial vaginitis 念珠菌性阴道炎 multiple pregnancy 多胎妊娠 myoma of uterus 子宫肿瘤 oligohydramnios 羊水过少 ovarian tumour 卵巢肿瘤 pelvic inflammatory disease 盆腔炎 placenta previa 前置胎盘 placental abruption 胎盘早期剥离 pregnancy-hyperte ion syndrome 妊娠高血压综合症premature birth 早产 premature rupture of membrane 胎膜早破postpartum hemorrhage 产后出血 puerperal infection 产褥感染 rupture of uterus 子宫破裂 trichomonas vaginitis 滴虫性阴道炎 uteroplacental apoplexy 子宫胎盘卒中 vulvitis 外阴炎 Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology 五官科amblyopia 弱视 amygdalitis, to illitis 扁桃体炎 astigmatism 散光 carcinoma of nasopharynx鼻咽癌 carcinoma of larynx 喉癌 cataract 白内障 ti itus 耳鸣 chalazion 霰粒肿，脸板腺囊肿 colour blindne色盲 deflection of nasal septum 鼻中隔偏曲 deafne聋 furuncle of nasalvestibule 鼻前庭疖 glaucoma 青光眼 heterotropia 斜视 hyperopia 远视 injury of cornea 角膜损伤 ceruminal impaction 耵聍嵌塞 iritis 虹膜炎 keratitis 角膜炎 labyrinthitis 迷路炎，内耳炎 laryngitis 喉炎 mastoiditis 乳突炎 myopia 近视 nasal sinusitis 鼻窦炎 otitis media 中耳炎 o truction of larynx 喉梗阻 perito illar a ce扁桃体中脓肿 pharyngitis 咽炎 rhinitis 鼻炎Dermatoloty 皮科 acne 痤疮 carcinoma of skin 皮肤癌 bed sore 褥疮 decubitus ulcer 褥疮性溃疡 drug eruption 药皮疹 eczema 湿疹 herpes simplex 单纯疱疹 herpes zoster 带状疱疹 lupus erythematosis 红斑狼疮 oriasis 牛皮癣 urticaria 荨麻疹 wart 疣 篇三：常见病名的中英文对照 A ------------- abscess of kidney 肾脓肿acoustic 听神经瘤acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎analog 模拟analog/digital converter 模拟/数字转化器angiography of spinal cord 脊髓血管造影angioma血管瘤angiomyolipoma血管平滑肌脂肪瘤anterior cerebral artery,ACA大脑前动脉anterior communicating artery,AcoA前交通动脉arachnoidcyst蛛网膜囊肿arterior-venous malformation,AVM动静脉畸形artifact 伪影astrocytoma 星形细胞瘤atelectasis 肺不张attenuation 衰减attenuation coefficient 衰减系数axial scan 轴位扫描 B----------basilar artery,BA 基底动脉Beam hardening artifact 射线硬化伪影biopsy gun 活检枪biopsy needle 活检针biphasic contrast enhancement 双期增强扫描bone mineral density,BMD骨密度brainabscess 脑脓肿brain hemorrhage 脑出血brain trauma 脑外伤bronchiectsis支气管扩张bronchogenic carcinoma 支气管肺癌 C----------calcification of the pleura 胸膜钙化calculus of kidney 肾结石carcinoma of bladder 膀胱癌carcinoma of the cervix 宫颈癌carcinoma of kidney 肾癌carcinoma of prostate 前列腺癌carcinoma of ovary 卵巢癌cavity 空洞central bronchogenic carcinoma 中央型肺癌cerebral atrophy 脑萎缩cerebral contusion 脑搓伤cerebral infarction 脑梗塞cerebral ischemia 脑缺血cerebral cycticercosis脑囊虫病cholesteatoma胆脂瘤cholangiocarcinoma胆管癌cholecystitis胆囊炎chronic pancreatitis 慢性胰腺炎circle of willis脑底动脉环cirrhosis 肝硬化collimator 准直器console 控制台contrast medium 对比剂contrast enhancement 对比增强contrast media bolus 造影剂团注contusion of kidney 肾挫伤contusion of spinal cord 脊髓挫伤coronal scan 冠状面扫描craniopharyngioma颅咽管瘤CT angiography，CTA CT 血管造影术CT arterial portography,CTAP CT动脉性门脉造影CT fluoroscopy CT透视CT guided needle biopsy CT导向穿刺活检CT guided fine needle aspiration biopsy CT导向细针抽吸活组织检查CT guided stereotaxis CT导向立体定位CT intervention CT介入CT muelography,CTM CT脊髓造影CT value CT值Cyst of Kinney 肾囊肿 D----------delayed scan 延迟扫描density resolution 密度分辨率digital martrix数字矩阵dynamic scanning 动态扫描 E----------enhancement scan 增强扫描ependymoma室管膜瘤epidural hematoma 硬膜外血肿F----------fatty liver 脂肪肝field of view,FOV视野FWHM 有效层厚\r G----------gallbladder carcinoma 胆囊癌gallstone 胆石症golima胶质瘤Graves’ disease 格氏眼病 H----------hepatic cyst 肝囊肿hepatocellular 肝细胞癌high KV radiography 高千伏摄影high resolution CT,HRCT 高分辨率CThigh spatial-freqyency algorithm 高空间频率计算法重建hypaque泛影钠 I----------image post-processing 图象后处理image reconstruction 图象重建informatics in radiology,infoRAD信息放射学interventional radiology 介入放射学iodipamide/biligrafin/cholografin胆影葡胺iohexol 碘苯六醇（欧乃派克）iopromide碘普罗胺isovist伊索显 L----------laser printer 激光打印机\rM----------matrix 矩阵maximum intensity projection,MIP最大强度投影medulloblastoma髓母细胞瘤meningioma 黑色素瘤motion artifact 运动伪影multiformat camera 多幅相机multiplanarreformation,MPR多平面重建multiple sclerosis 多发性肝硬化 N----------neurofibroma神经纤维瘤noise 噪声 O----------orbitomeatal line 听眶线overlap scan 重叠扫描 P----------partial volume effect 部分容积效应peripheral space phenomenon 周围间隙现象picture achieve and communicationsystem,PACS图象存储和传输系统pitch 螺距pixel 像素plain scan 平扫pleural effusion 胸腔积液posterior cerebral artery,PCA大脑后动脉preventive maintenace日常维护程序protrusion of intervertebral disk 椎间盘突出Q----------quantitative computed tomography,QCT定量CT R----------region of interest 兴趣区\r retinoblastoma 视网膜母细胞瘤 S----------scout view 定位扫描slice increment 间距slice thickness 层厚spatial resolution 空间分辨率spinal srenosis椎管狭窄spiral CT/helical CT 螺旋CTsubdural hematoma 硬膜下血肿 T----------teleradiology远程放射学temporal resolution 时间分辨率thin slice scan 薄层扫描three dimension computed tomography,3 DCT 三维CTthree-dimensional surface reconstrction,SSD三维表面重建threshold 阈值tomography 体层摄影tuberculosis 肺结核 U----------ultrafast CT,UFCT 超高速CTultravist优维显urografin泛影葡胺 V----------vertebral artery,VA椎动脉\r virtual endoscopy,VE仿真内镜volume acquisition 容积采集volume scan 容积扫描voxel matrix 像素矩阵 W----------window level 窗位window width 窗宽work station 工作站 X----------Xeroradiography 干板照相X-ray tube X线球管Xenon,Xe氙气。
小儿维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症
疾病名：小儿维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症英文名：pediatric tetany of vitamin D deficiency缩写：别名：小儿低钙性惊厥；小儿佝偻病性低钙惊厥；小儿佝偻病性手足搐搦症；婴儿性手足搐搦症ICD号：P71.3分类：儿科概述：维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症(tetany of vitamin D deficiency)由于维生素D缺乏加之甲状旁腺功能代偿不全，致血钙降低到1.75～1.88mmol/L(7.0～7.5mg/dl)以下，神经肌肉兴奋性增高，出现惊厥、喉痉挛或手足搐搦。
流行病学：过去我国北方冬春季常见，尤以习惯住窑洞、少见日光的婴儿多见。
近年来因广泛用维生素D预防，发病已逐年减少。
多见于1岁内小儿，尤以3～9个月发病率最高，冬春季多见。
病因：发病原因与佝偻病相同，属佝偻病第一期的一种表现，骨骼变化轻微，血钙低而血磷大都正常，碱性磷酸酶增高。
1.血清钙降低 血钙离子降低是本症的直接原因，若血清总钙量降至1.75～1.88mmol/L(7～7.5mg/dl)，或钙离子降至1mmol/L(4mg/dl)以下时，即可出现抽搐症状。
2.促进血钙降低的因素(1)季节：春季发病率最高，在北京所见的病例中以3～5月份发病数最高。
因为入冬后婴儿很少直接接触日光，维生素D缺乏至此时已达顶点，春季开始接触日光，体内维生素D骤增，血磷上升，钙磷乘积达到40，大量钙沉着于骨，血钙暂时下降而促使发病。
(2)年龄：发病年龄多在6个月以下。
婴儿生长发育最快，需要钙质较多，若饮食中供应不足，加以维生素D缺乏即易发病。
发病年龄早的多与C D D C D D C D D C DD母亲妊娠时缺乏维生素D有关，如母亲维生素D充足，一般新生儿体内储存的维生素D，足够3个月内的应用。
(3)其他：未成熟儿与人工喂养儿容易发病。
(4)钙吸收减少：长期腹泻或梗阻性黄疸能使维生素D与钙的吸收减少，以致血钙降低。
(5)血磷增高致血钙降低：本症常在急性感染后发病，可能因细胞内的磷释放到细胞外液，使血清磷浓度突然增高，致血钙降低。