细节题--
陕西中考英语阅读理解细之节理解题专题整理
中考英语专题整理之阅读理解细节题一、考情分析阅读理解是中考的必考题型，因为它能全面快速地反映出学生的英语水平。
阅读理解题型有很多种，但命题角度来看，通常可以分为四种：细节理解题，推理判断题、猜测词义题和主旨大意题。
细节题又叫细节认定题，该题型要求考生对文章中的特定细节或具体事实进行判断认定。
一般来说，此类题目多属直接解答性问题，是高考阅读的四个题型中难度最小的一种。
它的得分率相对较高，所占的比重较大，是我们做好阅读理解夺取高分的基础，应引起我们的特别注意，一定要把应得到的分数牢牢抓在手中。
细节题常见的提问方式有以下几种：1）针对文章的某一细节对具体内容提问2）针对文章的某一细节进行简单的计算。
3）针对文章的某一细节进行识图。
4）针对文章的某一细节进行排序。
5）针对文章的某一细节进行正、误判断。
从以上的提问方式我们可以看出，细节题针对文章某一细节进行提问，一般情况下答案可以在文中直接找到。
这就要求考生在解题时，在初步了解文章大意的基础上，能够根据问题迅速地抓住题干中的关键词，搜索相关信息，做出正确答案。
细节题做题“顺口溜”读题干、找关键、回文章、寻定位、同意替换即答案。
细节理解题主要考查学生对文章中的细节与具体事实的把握能力，内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果和目的等，属于浅层次的理解题，难度较低。
同学们需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，发现文章中的细节信息，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文——段落——词语的步骤来解题。
初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。
对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。
细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。
这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。
阅读最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。
对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。
专题01 阅读理解之细节理解题(讲义)(解析版)
专题01 阅读理解之细节理解题(讲义)目录考点阅读理解之细节理解题------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页【真题研析·规律探寻】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页考向1 考查直接信息题----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页考向2 考查间接信息题--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页考向3 考查数字计算题----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页【核心提炼·考向探究】----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9页1．命题规律--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9页2．细节题的设题方式-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------9页3．常用的解题方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10页4．阅读理解之细节理解题的解题关键-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页5．细节理解题的实用技巧---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页【题型特训·命题预测】------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12页预测考向1 考查直接信息题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12页预测考向2 考查间接信息题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14页预测考向3 考查数字计算题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17页考点 阅读理解之细节理解题考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考阅读理解细节理解题考向分布。
高考细节分析题
细节分析题A.语法类错误：1. 张冠李戴、是非颠倒2. 偷换概念、以偏概全、或然与必然、未然与依然注意：此类错误重在某一句子成分上出现问题张冠李戴原文：上世纪80年代出土的平民墓葬中，有随葬品的均为爵、觚等酒器。
商代酒器最简单的组合是一爵一觚。
现代考古学家认为，这种酒器之所以命名为“爵”，是由于它的造型像一只雀鸟，前面有流，好像雀啄，后面有尾，腹下还有细长的足，而古代爵与雀同音通用。
选项：现代考古学家认为，商代酒器最简单的组合是一爵一觚。
“爵”的造型像一只鸟雀，而古代“爵”与“雀”同音通用，因此名“爵”。
是非颠倒原文：中国人的这种思考智慧无法由直觉直接获得，必须有一定深度的哲学探讨”。
选项：中国人的思考智慧由直觉获得，缺少有深度的哲学探讨。
偷换概念原文（春秋战国）那是个讲究谋略的阳谋时代，所以智慧丛生色彩斑斓；那是个本色人生的时代，所以仕学争鸣侠隐飘逸，摇唇鼓舌皆成风流；那是个实力竞争的时代，所以强国富民为本，虚伪的文过饰非的理论无法泛滥；那是个深刻思索、创造思想、成就学问、铸造精神的时代，是中华文化的原生代，所以出现了学术思想百家争鸣的灿烂辉煌的景象。
选项：春秋战国时代是一个崇尚实力的时代，重视强国富民，追求竞争优势，所以，那些虚伪的文过饰非的理论没有产生的土壤以偏概全原文：“西来说”，多是外国学者提出，而其主要支持力量也来自于中国域外，他们对于中国文化的认识恐怕不会比中国本土的多数学者深厚，多数也未亲见国内有关文明起源的第一手考古材料，学说建立的基础也难免不扎实。
选项：“西来说”的赞同者多是外国人，他们未亲见国内有关文明起源的第一手考古材料，而且对中国文化的认识恐怕没有中国本土的多数学者深厚。
或然与必然原文：考古学家张光直在《商代的巫与巫术》中提出：“酒是一方面供祖先神祇享用，一方面也可能是供巫师饮用以达到通神的精神状态。
”可见早期的祭祀离不开酒，而祭祀时候的饮酒也有特别的规定，一般先由巫师或祭司饮酒，传达神灵的旨意。
阅读题型和答题方法
阅读题型和答题方法阅读题型和答题方法阅读题型是指在阅读理解中常见的题目类型，包括主旨题、细节题、推理题、观点题、态度题等。
针对不同的题型，我们可以采取一些答题方法来提高解题效率。
1. 主旨题：主要考察文章的中心思想。
解答主旨题时，可以通过阅读首尾段、段落开头和结尾句来确定文章的中心思想。
关注作者的观点、态度和意图，找出文章的核心主题。
2. 细节题：要求从文章中找出具体的信息细节。
解答细节题时，需要仔细阅读相关段落，注意文章中的数字、日期、名称等具体细节。
如果有必要，可以在阅读过程中划线或做笔记，以便在回答问题时能够快速找到相关信息。
3. 推理题：要求根据文章中的信息进行推理判断。
解答推理题时，需要将文章中的隐含信息与已有的知识进行联系，进行逻辑推理。
注意文章中的因果关系、转折关系、比较关系等，从而得出正确的推理结论。
4. 观点题：要求理解作者的观点或态度。
解答观点题时，需要注意作者在文章中的表达方式和用词选择，以及作者对待问题的态度和观点。
可以通过寻找关键词、情感词和修辞手法来判断作者的观点。
5. 态度题：要求理解文章中的态度或情感色彩。
解答态度题时，需要关注作者对于所述事物的情感态度，包括赞扬、批评、中立等。
注意文章中的情感词、修辞手法以及语气的变化，从而判断作者的态度。
为了提高解题效率，我们还可以采取一些策略：1. 先读题后读文：在阅读文章之前，先快速浏览一遍题目，了解问题的要求和重点，这样在阅读文章时可以有目地地寻找相关信息。
2. 找准定位点：对于细节题，需要找准定位点，即文章中与题目相关的句子或段落。
可以通过关键词、指代词等进行定位。
3. 多练习多积累：通过多做阅读理解题，积累解题经验和技巧。
可以选择不同难度和题型的文章进行练习，并总结解题思路和方法。
总之，掌握不同题型的解题方法，结合阅读技巧和积累，可以在阅读理解中更加准确和高效地回答问题。
事实细节题
（一）事实细节题1. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak,and act similarly, on the job at least. Q:According to the passage, people wearing uniforms_____.A are usually helpedB have little or no individual freedomC tend to lose their individualityD enjoy greater popularity2. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. Q:The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with isthat____.A their social roles are rigidly determinedB most boys would like to follow their fathers professionsC boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothersD they like challenging activities3. When school officials in Kalkaska,Michigan,closed classes last week,the media flocked to the story,portraying the town’s 2,305 students as victims of stingy（吝啬的）taxpayers.There is some truth to that;the property tax rate here is one third lower than the state average.But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska’s educators and the state’s largest teachers’ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point.Their aim was to spur Passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state’s share of school funding.Q:We learn from the Passage that schools in Kalkaska,Michigan,are funded_____.[A]mainly by the state government [B]exclusively by the local government[C]by the National Education Association [D]by both the local and state government4. ... It was hard to lift her. She was just out. Buthe managed to raise her the four feet to the platform sothat bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag heraway from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground,and saw someone else holding her purse.Lisa thought she’d been robbed. A woman held herhand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the bloodpouring from her head. And she tried to talk but shecouldn’t, and that was when she realized how much painshe was in.Q: When did Lisa become conscious again?A. When the train was leaving.B. After she was back on the platform.C. After the police and fire officials came.D. When a man was cleaning the blood from herhead.5．Wildlife watching also creates satisfyingmemories. We have seen hundreds of the elk andbighorn sheep that attract visitors, yet they still arouse asense of wonder. And the rare spotting of acougar, wolf or woodland caribou takes our breath away. (2009上海)Q: Which of the following is true according to thepassage?A. Dogsledding is the most popular sport among localpeople.B. Watching wildlife is a memorable experience.C. Travellers should bring their own sports equipment.D. Shopping is too simple a pleasure to enjoy.6. It is not too much to say of him, as RobertSchumann did, that “music owes as much to Bach asChristianity to its Founder ”.Bach wrote a library of music as incomparable forits extensiveness as for its artistic merit....Q: The words “music owes as much as to Bach asChristianity to its Founder”implies BachA. is a music geniusB. is among the founders of musicC. has made extremely important contribution to theart of musicD. is the god of music to music-lovers7. Coming in a close second—and oftenwrongly mentioned as the most distant land—is EasterIsland, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearestneighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island wassettled around the 5th century, supposedly by peoplewho were lost at sea. They had no connection with theoutside world for more than a thousand years, givingthem plenty of time to build more than 1,000 hugestone figures, called moai , for which the island is mostfamous.Q: Which of the following is most famous formoai?A. Tristan da Cunha.B. Pitcairn Island.C. Easter Island.D. St. Helena.8. The well-mannered Englishman at table holds and keeps his knife in his right hand, his fork in the left, cuts his meat and presses his vegetables into his fork. The well-mannered American first cuts up all his meat, then places his knife down on the right of his plate. Takes his fork in his right hand and with his fork lifts the food to the mouth. He will have coffee half way through his dinner before the pudding. The Englishman drinks his coffee after the dinner. And, of course, Americans are coffee-drinkers rather than tea-drinkers. The Englishman would be shocked at the American’s idea of how tea should be made.Q: A well-mannered American _______ .A holds his knife in his right hand all the time at tableB doesn’t use a knife during his mealsC places his knife down on the right of his handD uses his knife only once during his dinner9. There are 5 categories. A category 1 storm has winds of about 120 to 150 kilometers an hour. It can damage trees and lightweight structures. Wind speeds in a category 2 hurricane can reach close to 180 kilometers an hour. These storms are often powerul enough to break windows or blow the roof of a house. Winds between about 180 and 250 kilometers an hour represent categories 3 and 4. Anything even more powerful is a category 5 hurricane. The researchers say that about 35% of all hurricanes in the past ten years were category 4 or 5.Q: If a hurricane makes some of the houses in a coastal village fall down, it is at least ahurricane.A category 2B category 3C category 4D category 510. Noisy confrontations (冲突) between hunters and saboteurs (阴谋破坏者) have become socommon that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the game of running after foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger danger to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to agree on a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.Q: A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to _______ .A ban farmers from hunting foxesB forbid hunting foxes with dogsC stop hunting wild animals in the countrysideD prevent large-scale fox hunting（二）推断题细节推断题; 人物性格、态度及观点判断题; 预测想象推理题; 写作意图推测题.推断示例：1.The young man quickly answered, “Yes, sir”.2.“Lots of people think I’m just a green kid. I’ll show them”.3.When the phone finally rang, he leaped from the edge of his chair and grabbed for it.4.The old man staggered (摇摇晃晃地走) along the sidewalk. He grabbed at the picket fence tokeep form falling. His torn gray overcoat swayed open in the winter wind.练习：1. Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.Q: Why do people put hot metal in water?A. To make it hard.B. To make it soft.C. To make it cool.D. To make it brittle. Q: As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.2. A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native,” Go and ask the native in the di stance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, "He said he lives on the western side of the island."Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure? Q: According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may betrue.Q: The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?A. He may live on the eastern side of the island.B. He may live on the western side of the island.C. He may be telling the truth.D. He can't be telling the truth.3. When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,”Are you single?" “Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her?"Q: The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.A. she was youngB. it a pleasure to make friends with herC. she was beautifulD. it strange for her to fall in love with himQ: The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.A. she lived near his houseB. he often went to visit her motherC. she wanted to be friendly with himD. she loved him very much4. The U.S. government has misplaced the original recording of the first moon landing，including astronaut Neil Armstrong’s famous“one small step for man，one giant leap for mankind”．Armstrong’s famous space walk，seen by millions of viewers on July 20,1969,is among the transmissions（电台广播）that NASA has failed to turn up after a year of searching．The tapes also contain data about the health of the astronauts and the condition of the spacecraft．In all，some 700 boxes of transmissions from the Apollo lunar missions are missing．“We haven’t seen them for quite a while．We’ve been looking for over a year and they haven’t turned up．I wouldn’t say we’re worried —we’ve got all the data．Everything on the tapes we have in one form or another,”Hautaloma said．NASA has kept copies of the television broadcasts and offers several clips（剪辑）on its website，but those images are of lower quality than the original ones stored on the missing magnetic tapes．BecauseNASA’s equipment was not compatible（兼容的）with TV technology of the day，the original transmissions had to be displayed on a monitor and re-shot by a TV camera for broadcast．It is possible that the tapes will be unplayable even if they are found，because they have degraded significantly over the years —a problem common to magnetic tapes and other types of recordable media．The material was held by the National Archives（档案馆）but returned to NASA some time in the late 1970s．“We’re looking for paperwork to see where they were last,”Hautaloma said．Q: It can be inferred from the text that ．A．700 boxes of trans missions are about the spacecraftB．NASA has no material from the lost informationC．the original recording got lost at NASAD．the original transmissions can’t be displayed5. For many years scientists have believed that the first animals on land developed gradually from fish around 360 million years ago．Now they have proof that our limbs came from fins（鳍）following an amazing discovery of a fossil by the United States fossil（化石）hunters that shows a link between fish and land animals．Fossils of a creature，which is thought to have come out of the water about 375 million years ago，have been found on an island in Canada．The creature has been nicknamed Fishapod，although its proper name is Tiktaalik，which means“large fish in a stream”in the local Inuit language．Tom Brown，a specialist who studies fossils，and his colleagues spent six years exploring the Canadian Arctic for the missing link between fish and land animals．Many fossil hunters believe that some fish developed legs while they were still in the water．The Fishapod seems to prove this theory because it is a strange combination of a fish and a tetrapod．The creature had scales and fins like a fish but a neck and a flat head that looked more like that of a crocodile（鳄鱼）．It appears to have gills（腮）and basic lungs．Its front limbs bend just like arms．It is thought that the Fishapod may have pushed itself out of the water with its legs to breathe air．Brown said that his finding opens a remarkable new window on one of the major events of the history of life on Earth．Q：We can infer from the text that a tetrapod is an animal that ．A．could swim in water B．could fly in the air C．had four feet or legs D．ate fish 6. I once took a wonderful vacation in Italy．On the bus tour I gave away some of our newspapers．A woman named Florence came up to me and said,“Do you understand what the two of you are talking about in your newspaper？It happened to me．Do you want to hear about it？”I said that I did．The following was her story．“It was a black cat that helped me find myself again．When my husband died young，I was very upset．I took a job as a teacher．The job didn’t work out and I felt down．I knew I needed a change，but what？I decided that I wanted a black cat，just like the black cat，Duke，I had in childhood．Duke was part of my family．One day we were driving on our summer vacation．The windows of the car were open，and Duke jumped out of the car and disappeared．After hours of searching，my dad said，‘Let’s go back to the house so that we can start out really early tomorrow morning to look for Duke．We drove twenty miles back to the house．As we approached，there was Duke，sitting on the front porch looking at the door．He had walked twenty miles while we were looking for him．He knew where he was going．So，that’s the story of Duke．I guess I had to find that memory from my past to get myself back．A friend found a black cat for me．As I held it，I knew that it was love．From that day forward，I felt that my life was good again．I found myself again．I felt more sure of myself．I don’t think a lot of people could understand how a cat helped me that much，but now having read your newspaper，I wanted to share this with you．”I was very moved by Florence’s story of her cat．Indeed，the positive memories from our childhood are extremely important，not only for recovering positive states of well being，but for giving us a sense of self-esteem．Q：From the text，we can infer that ．A．Duke had also helped Florence go through a hard-ship beforeB．the place where Florence’s family had vacation was 20 miles awayC．the newspaper had reported a story how a cat helped peopleD．the positive memories in one’s childhood can change many negative effects7. If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but ..." what follows that "but" can make the apology ineffective. "I had a bad day" or "your noise was giving me a headache" leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm sorry you are upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of recognizing a specific act that was particularly hurtful, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying "I'm useless as a parent" does not make any sense.These false apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not voice these false apologies.But even when presented with examples of really being sorry, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that taking the biscuit without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent's clothes without permission is not.Q: According to the author, saying "I'm sorry you are upset" most probably means ______ .A you have good reason to get upsetB i know you are upset, but I'm not to blameC i apologize for hurting your feelingsD I'm at fault for making you upsetQ: We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry _______.A their apologies should be persuasiveB their ages should be taken into considerationC parents need to set them a good exampleD parents should be patient and honestQ: It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is _______.A a social problem calling for immediate attentionB not necessary among family membersC a sign of social progressD not as simple as it seems8. I spend half my life with my mother and the other half with my father. My father lives with a twenty-pound cat named To-fu. He called me his favorite daughter. I am an only child.My father's apartment is quite different from any other person's living space. Except for my room, there is no furniture. From my father's studio window, you can see s large part of San Francisco. I like to watch the colors change in the bay when the sun is setting. All the walls are white, and framed posters of my father's last three books hang side by side. He spends a lot of time lying on the studio floor. That's how he thinks. Then he does yoga. He has a big kitchen, and on the top of the fridge is an old clock he winds every week for good luck. The last time the clock stooped, my father's car was towed, so he has become very superstitious.My father has set lots of house rules. You have to take off your shoes when you come in. He won't allow anyone who wears a baseball cap into his house. "House rule No. 579, no television programs with laugh tracks!" he will say. Every time i go to stay at his house, he makes up a new rule. But then he can neverremember the numbers, so they change constantly.The rule that he always emphasizes is the one that requires me to write a two-page essay anytime i want something. He didn't speak English until he was 16, and he had a hard time learning to write it, so he wants me to become a good writer at an early age. This started when i asked him if i could have my ears pierced when i was nine. He told me i could persuade him in writing why i wanted holes in my ears, maybe he would say ok. I wrote my first essay for my father, and after one month of writing and rewriting, he finally gave me his permission.Q: From the last paragraph we learn that the writer's father _______.A was born in the United StatesB was good at learning languagesC was a good writer at an early ageD knows more than one languageQ: We can infer from the passage that ________.A an old clock relates to one's luckB the writer stays with her father moreC the writer's parents are separatedD her father likes the holes in her ears。
细节理解型题目练习题
1. 我们今天所依循的谈论中国古代绘画的文字全都出自中国文人之手，也正因为如此，中国文人已长期主宰了绘画讨论的空间，他们已惯于从自己的着眼点出发，选择对于文人艺术家有利的观点。
而如今——或许早该如此——已是我们对他们提出抗衡的时候了，并且也应该质疑他们眼中所谓的好画家或好作品。
许多优秀的非文人艺术家都因为文人的偏见而未能获得应有的认可，在此，我们应该一一重新给予他们客观的评价和应有的地位。
下列说法与原文相符的是：A.文人艺术家的鉴赏水平落后于他们的创作水平B.古代很多有才华的文人艺术家因偏见而被埋没C.文人在中国绘画理论领域长期居于强势地位D.古代文人画与非文人画的趣味分歧由来已久2. 从我国古代文献看，商代甲骨文中已有“稻”字出现，在《诗经》中已将黍、稻并提。
春秋以前，因我国北方种稻量少，水稻被列为五谷之末，如“禾、稷、菽、麦、稻”；而至宋代，便因种植数量多而升至五谷之首了，民间更流传着“苏湖熟、天下足”的说法；到了明代，更有天下谷类“稻居什七”之说，稻米成为我国的主要粮食。
下列说法与原文相符的是：A.水稻从商代开始种植B.春秋时期北方不产水稻C.宋代人以稻米为主要粮食D.水稻在我国古代长期为五谷之一3. 一战后，不仅仅是自然科学，德国整个学术文化都呈现出一片繁荣景象。
海德格尔在哲学史上的地位无需赘述，马克斯·韦伯名震整部社会科学史，施密特是影响现代宪政最重要的人物之一；心理学方面，格式塔学派也悄然兴起；在文学上，霍普特曼和托马斯·曼两位诺贝尔奖得主双星闪耀，雷马克的《西线无战事》是上个世纪最有名的作品之一；戏剧、电影和音乐亦都是迅速进入黄金时代，风格变得迷人而多样化。
德国似乎要把它在政治和经济上所失去的，从科学和文化上赢回来。
对于当时内外交困，14年间更迭了多次内阁的政权来说，这样的繁荣也算是一个小小的奇迹。
下列说法与这段文字相符的是：A.一战后德国在学术文化方面引领世界B.学术文化和政治经济的发展不一定是同步的C.德国政府历来十分重视科技的发展与进步D.自然科学与社会科学的发展往往是相互促进的4. 近日，英国剑桥大学医学院癌症研究所和美国冷泉港实验室的科学家宣布，他们在独立进行的研究活动中，从多种人体癌细胞中分离出了单独的基因，通过大量实验证明了这些基因可以使人体正常的健康细胞发生癌变。
阅读理解五大类型题详解+
阅读理解五大类型题详解四级阅读考查的题型主要是细节题，另外还会涉及态度题，主旨题，推理题，结论观点题，词汇题等。
各类题型表现形式不同，考查重点各异，解题方法有别。
1、细节题(1)、细节题表现形式这类题在四级考试中题量较大，占到60%——70%的题量，可以说是四级考试成败的关键这类题特点是题干的信息比较具体，考查文章中的重要细节。
(2)、细节题解题方法细节题考查信息查找能力和句子的理解能力。
由于考试时间非常紧张，对于考生来说，做好细节题，首先是要在原文找到相关信息。
正是由于这点，我们看文章需要目的。
有同学先看文章再做题，导致做题时还得回去在文章中寻找相关内容，或者干脆凭着对文章的主观印象匆忙求解，结果是浪费时间或者错误较多。
建议考生先看题干再看文章，这样就会有方向感，目的感。
所以，细节题的重要做题方法就是：先看题干，再看原文，带着题干个别的特有信息或者带着题干的中心话题在原文定位。
(3)、细节题注意点考生做细节题时，要注意合理但不正确的选项。
很多考生在做题时，忽视了题目与原文的联系，凭着合理性的主观猜想选择答案。
结果很多考生感觉做得很好，但对答案时发现错了很多。
另外，很多表示程度、范围、频率等的副词或形容词可能会导致选项错误2、态度题(1)、态度题表现形式态度题一般提问方式是：The author’s attitude towards ┄is _____.或者是Whatis the author’s attitude towards ┄?(2)、态度题解题方法从原则上来讲，态度题可以考查作者对一个中心话题的看法，也可以考查作者对某一具体细节的态度，但是从历年考法来看，四级阅读更加注重考查文章中心话题。
所以，态度题经常可以通过文章主题来判断作者的态度。
全文首句可以体现文章讨论的中心话题，它明确道出了作者的观点(3)、态度题注意点考生应该熟练掌握在态度题中经常出现的单词，如positive, negative, optimistic, pessimistic, approving, concerned, objective, compromise等。
高考英语阅读细节理解题三步法带练(01)讲义
一、高考英语细节题考察概况：1.宏观考察概况：细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题;有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。
细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
2.微观考察概况：（1）设问方式特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节，或就文中的数字进行提问。
（2）考察规律①正确选项特征A.同义替换（原句重复出现，200%错。
正确的都是有改动的，即同义替换。
）(1)替换关键词。
把原文的关键词进行同义替换，如把lose one's job换成了be out of occupation(2)改变词性。
把原文中的一些词变换了一下词性，如把so much important变换成of importance(3)改变语态。
把原文主动语态转为被动语态，如restoring and repairing the bridge变换成the bridge was restoring and reparing.B.信息归纳用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息; 正确答案具有概括性（考察考生的理解归纳能力），深刻性，因为其考查的对象是阅读文章的重点和要点。
C.正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项比如说：I constantly remained confused about the learning predicament.我一直对学习的困境感到困惑。
②干扰选项特征A.张冠李戴，无中生有B.曲解文意，答非所问C.颠倒是非，因果倒置，无原因推导（过度推断）D.正误参半，盲目推断，正反混淆二、高考英语阅读细节题三步法：第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)三、高考英语阅读细节题三步法带练1.What do we know about Astro Access?A. It redesigns jet airplanes.B. It offers weightlessness experience.C. It provides physical treatmentD. It hires the disabled to be astronauts第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向1.What do we know about Astro Access?我们对星际通道了解多少?问的角度是什么what；对象是星际通道第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）Mazyck was one of 12 participants in a Zero Gravity flight, organized by the group Astro Access. This type of flight recreates the weightlessness that astronauts experience without going all the way to space. Flying over the Pacific Ocean off Southern California, the modified 747 jet airplane made 15 steep dives and climbs, allowing the flyers multiple periods of weightlessness.The experience left Mazyck feeling joyful. “The flight was something that I would never have experienced in my wildest dreams," she says, “especially the floating the weightlessness.原词对应：weightlessness（失重；无重状态）；experience（体验）；由于这段话没有出现转折连接词，所以判断这个段落各个句子的逻辑关系是顺承关系段落翻译：Mazyck是由Astro Access组织的零重力飞行的12名参与者之一。
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56. Who wrote the letter? A. Tom. B. Old Ed.
C. The author.
D. The driver’s grandchild.
题干
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The letter
真题链接
第 四 段 ： The first sentence “I’ve been meaning to write for some time, but I’ve always delayed it.” reminded me of myself. It went on to say that he often thought about the good times they had had together . When I read the part where it said “Your friendship really means a lot to me, more than I can say because I’m not good at saying things like that”, I found myself nodding in agreement. 58. A. B. C. D. From Paragraph 4, we can learn that the author of the passage __________. often failed to write to his friends had no intention to write to his friends had many great moments with his friends was good at expressing feelings to his friends
1.Which of the following statements is true? （三误一正） 2.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? （三正一误） 3.The author/passage states that„ 4.According to the passage, 5w and 1h （when, where, who, why, what, how, etc.)___?
(2010全国I)61.How did Christy McKinley know Ms. Schatzman’s opinion of the chi tea?
(2010湖南)62.We can know that before 1995 Mary...
(2010山东) was created for...
题干
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（2）错误选项的特征
a. 张冠李戴：
b. 断章取义： c. 过度猜测： d.把已然说成未然（或把未然说成已然）； e. 与原文信息不符；
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a.张冠李戴：(2010江苏,A) Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans.
题干
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定位词
题干
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什么词才算是定位词呢？
a. 表示人名、地名等的专有名词； b. 表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词； c. 题干中出现的大写的名词等；
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(2010辽宁)61.What does the writer dislike most about dinner parties in New York?
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动词
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(2010全国II,A)
Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet, „she never barked(吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she lovely everyone. 形容词
阅读理解之事实细节题
题干 定位词
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事实细节题
题干考查的六大信息
when ______, where _____, who what why 5个W 即 ____, _____,_____ how 。 1个h _____
题干
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事实细节题
题干常见设题方式：
68．According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is _____ ． A．technical issues B．safety of the system C．financial problems D．maintenance of railway tracks
44. Some people got frightened by Brownie when she__________.
A. smiled C. rushed to them B. barked D. tried to be funny
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题干
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题干
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定位词的转换形式
同义改写、词性转变
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(2010江苏，D) But the key issue is really money．China is already spending hundreds of billions of Yuan on domestic railway expansion．
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总结
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如：2011西城一模,A 第七段：“I’m Tom,” he explained. “It’s a letter I wrote to Ed before I knew he’d died. I never put it in the mailbox. I guess I should have written it sooner.” His face was pale as he wiped his eyes with a handkerchief.
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48. What do we know about Jarolim from the text?
A．She is successful in her job B．She finds her life full of stresses
C．She spends half of her time traveling D．She is especially interested in museums
68．According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is _____ ．
A．technical issues B．safety of the system
C．financial problems D．maintenance of railway tracks
5.All the following are true except „
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如： 第9篇，2011西城一模，B
56. Who wrote ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้he letter?
58. From Paragraph 4, we can learn that the
author of the passage __________.
排除法
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排除法
题干
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（1）正确选项的特征
正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是 一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一 个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改 为否定等。
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(2010江苏，D)
But the key issue is really money．China is already spending hundreds of billions of Yuan on domestic railway expansion．