笔译说翻译复习资料
笔译期末复习资料 英文版本
笔译期末复习资料Unit 4 conversion转换法1.I have no intension of wearying you with this matter。
2.It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.3.The two leaders had a serious and frank exchange of views on Sino-U.S。
relations and world affairs.4.The basilica is a conglomeration of contrary styles and periods。
5.In the exchange of cultures throughout the world, the study of foreignlanguages is a must。
6.The thought of him always fills me with strength。
(adverbial clause of time)7.Urgent business prevented me from calling on you.8.A day’s exploration convinced him that this was not the spot。
9.A wet day brings out colorful light mackintoshes.Unit5 addition 增补法1.It is a part, and a very important part, of the air defense of our country.2.Since gaining our independence, we have made every effort to overcome theservitude of our past。
笔译期末复习资料
笔译期末复习资料Unit 4 conversion转换法1.I have no intension of wearying you with this matter. 2.It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal. 3.The The two two two leaders leaders leaders had had had a a a serious serious serious and and and frank frank frank exchange exchange exchange of of of views views views on on on Sino-U.S. Sino-U.S. relations and world affairs. 4.The basilica is a conglomeration of contrary styles and periods. 5.In In the the the exchange exchange exchange of of of cultures cultures cultures throughout throughout throughout the the the world, world, world, the the the study study study of of of foreign foreign languages is a must. 6.The thought of him always fills me with strength. (adverbial clause of time) 7.Urgent business prevented me from calling on you. 8.A day’s exploration convinced him that this was not the spot.9.A wet day brings out colorful light mackintoshes. Unit 5 addition增补法1.It is a part, and a very important part, of the air defense of our country. 2.Since gaining our independence, we have made every effort to overcome the servitude of our past. 3.The frequency, wavelength, and speed of sound are closely related. 4.The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic, heating and chemical effects. 5. This This report report report summed summed summed up up up the the the new new new achievements achievements achievements made made made in in in electron electron electron tubes, tubes, semiconductors and components. 6. The spirit of peaceful coexistence must embody the idea that states cannot be left to struggle on single-handed. 7. Theory is something, but practice is everything. 8. The whole square was alive with singing and rejoicing. 9. He has in his vision the totality of every world problem, political, economic, human human……10. I t’s a bit fishy that she should have given away a villa like that.Unit 6 Omission省略法 1. Water passes from a liquid to solid state when it freezes. 2. You should keep calm even when you are in danger. 3. She covered her face with her hands as if to protect her eyes. 4. Turning on his face, he rested his chin on his hands. 5. Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill. 6. Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled. 7. As she turned the corner she had a new idea which made her stop dead. 8. It is ten to one that we will over-fulfil our production quota. 9. From 4℃ on down, water will decreasein density and increase in volume as it gets colder. 10. T here are a number of peculiarities about the surface features of the earth. 11. H e went out and shut the door gently behind him. unit 7 repetition 重复法2. 2. The The The use use use of of of atomic atomic atomic weapons weapons weapons is is is a a a clear clear clear violation violation violation of of of international international international law, law, in particular of the Geneva Convention; 3. Aerostatics is the study of how an object is supported in the air by buoyancy, that is, its ability to float in the air as a boat floats on water. 1. Despite his versatility of talent and shiftiness of purpose, this man has in his whole lifetime been wedded to the most fossilized routine. ; 2. 2. The The The solid solid solid friendship friendship friendship between between between our our our two two two countries countries countries took took took shape shape shape during during during our our protected struggles against colonialism, hegemonism, and outmoded relationships. 5. 5. Reading Reading Reading exerci exerci exercises ses ses one’s one’s one’s eyes; eyes; eyes; speaking, speaking, speaking, one’s one’s one’s tongue; tongue; tongue; while while while writing, writing, writing, one’s one’s mind.; 6. 6. Thales Thales Thales thought thought thought water water water was was was the the the beginning beginning beginning of of of everything; everything; everything; Anaximenes, Anaximenes, Anaximenes, air; air; Heraclitus, fire. 1. Radar is a newly developed technique by which people can see things beyond the visibility of them. ; 3. 3. W e W e have have have advocated advocated advocated the the the principle principle principle of of of peaceful peaceful peaceful co-existence, co-existence, co-existence, which which which is is is now now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. 19. He walked down the line shaking hands with each other and mumbling a few words that were inaudible.; 21. Walking up and down the empty room, he stopped here and there to touch or look. unit 8 Inversion 倒置法12. S he had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own.; 13. S he was an intelligent, attractive and somewhat temperamental daughter of a well-to-do doctor in Haddington. 14. T hen one can see the oval face of a handsome young woman with deep darkeyes and l ong long heavy clinging tresses. tresses. 15. B ernard Shaw was a well-known English playwright, who wrote many plays .; 16. A ir is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent by volume.17. J ohn, who was sick yesterday , did not come to class.; 18. I n n a a a dispute dispute dispute between between between two two two states states with which one is friendly , , try try try not not not to to to get get involved.; 19. W e e maintain that no peace situation is permanent maintain that no peace situation is permanent which does not take into account the legitimate wishes of the majority of the people of any country.20. S he was s o so worried that she could hardly eat her supper.; 21. N ow that I think of it , we were wrong in turning down her proposal. unit 9 Negation 反译法22. S he did not l eave the letter here on purpose for you to read.; leave the letter here on purpose for you to read.; 23. Y ou cannot politely turn down the invitation to the conference. 24. U nder no circumstances would we give up our principles. would we give up our principles. 25. H e was grown into quite another creature from what he was.; 26. O ur work is still a long way from perfection.; perfection.; 27. I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man. 28. A ll of the atoms of an element do not have exactly the same mass.; 29. E verything is not good, but equally everything is not bad. 30. I t is not to be denied that no sacrifice is too great to avert a catastrophe. to avert a catastrophe. 31. W hen I think of all the waste, words fail me. unit 10 Division拆译法 1. They relentlessly tear at the flowers they see. 2. I shall be glad of your company on the journey. 3. 3. The The The time time time could could could have have have been been been more more more profitably profitably profitably spent spent spent in in in making making making a a a detailed detailed investigation. (= if the time had been spent in making a detailed investigation, it could have been more profitable.) 4. They tried vainly to blame us for the break down in the truce talks. 5. Any comment on it should appropriately come from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 6. 6. Statistically Statistically Statistically significant significant significant correlation correlation correlation exists exists exists between between between vitamin vitamin vitamin deficiency deficiency deficiency and and disease. 7. 7. His His His article article article is is is a a a well-written well-written well-written composition composition composition with with with good good good organization organization organization and and and fine fine style. 8. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours. 9. The difficulty of attainment increases the value of the object. 10. 10. Electronic Electronic Electronic computers, computers, computers, which which which have have have many many many advantages, advantages, advantages, cannot cannot cannot do do do creative creative work and replace man. 11. Food which is kept too long decays because it is attacked by yeasts, moulds and bacteria. 12. There is an emergency exit in the roof of the car through which passengers can escape. unit 11 Condensation 缩译法1. 1. When When When we we we praise praise praise the the the Chinese Chinese Chinese leadership leadership leadership and and and the the the people, people, people, we we we are are are not not not merely merely being polite. 2. Before the night was far advanced, they began to move against the enemy. 3. The chances are that the new machine will arrive tomorrow. 4. 4. The The The imitation, imitation, imitation, or or or make-believe, make-believe, make-believe, of of of life life life which which which poetry poetry poetry offers offers offers constitutes constitutes constitutes an an ordered whole. 5. One “Take this” is better than two “I’ll give you”.unit 12 Translation of Passive Voice 被动式译法1. Gases are frequently regarded as compressible, liquids as incompressible. 2. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. unit 13 Translation of Long Sentences 长句译法1. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a a greatly greatly greatly accelerated accelerated accelerated program program program for for for scien fic scien fic scien fic and and and technological technological technological co-opera on, co-opera on, aimed at wide-spread dissemina on of technology for mee ng the basic needs of man, such as nutri on, shelter, communica ons, health and sanita on. 2. The tendency of a body to continue in motion is clear to one who observes that that an an an automobile automobile automobile or or or a a a train train train moves moves moves for for for some some some distance distance distance even even even when when when brakes brakes brakes are are used to check this motion. 3. 3. There There There is is is no no no more more more difference, difference, difference, but but but there there there is is is just just just the the the same same same kind kind kind of of of difference, difference, between between the the the mental mental mental operations operations operations of of of a a a man man man of of of science science science and and and those those those of of of an an an ordinary ordinary person as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher who who weighs weighs weighs out out out his his his goods goods goods in in in common common common scales scales scales and and and the the the operations operations operations of of of a a a chemist chemist who who performs performs performs a a a difficult difficult difficult and and and complex complex complex analysis analysis analysis by by by means means means of of of his his his balance balance balance and and finely graduated weights. 。
口译笔译学习经验英语翻译资格考试英译汉技巧 备考资料
口译笔译学习经历英语翻译资格考试英译汉技巧备考资料一、词义的选择和引伸技巧英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象，1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。
(形容词)He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。
(动词)Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。
(名词)2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。
He is the last man to e .他是最后来的。
He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。
He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他。
This is the last place where I expected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你，词义引伸是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一。
翻译时，有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意硬套或逐词死译，就会使译文生硬晦涩，不能确切表达原意，甚至会造成误解。
这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引伸，引伸时，往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑。
1、词义转译。
当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时，应根据上下文和逻辑关系，引伸转译。
The energy of the sun es to the earth mainly as light and heat .太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球。
2、词义详细化。
根据汉语的表达习惯，把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较详细的词。
The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round the earth.最后一级火箭升得更高，把“阿波罗号”送进围绕地球运行的轨道。
笔译说翻译复习资料
笔译说翻译复习资料01A（3 人组）说翻译（下）材料原文：要以经济体制改革为重点，区别情况，分类推进，抓好牵一发而动全身的举措，力求取得实质性进展，更多释放改革红利。
在全国实施工商登记制度改革，落实认缴登记制，由先证后照改为先照后证，由企业年检制度改为年报公示制度，让市场主体不断迸发新的活力。
（118 字）译文：We will focus on economic structural reform, advance it on different fronts in a targeted wayin light of different conditions, take key measures that will have an overall impact, strive to make substantive progress and reap more benefits from reform.We will reform the business registration system nationwide and carry out registration of subscribed capital. Issuing an operating permit before a license, which was the practice in the past, will be replaced with the practice of license first, operating permit second. Annual inspections of businesses will be replaced by annual reporting to incentivize market actors.0 1B（3 人组）说翻译（下）材料原文：坚持放管并重，建立纵横联动协同管理机制，实现责任和权力同步下放、放活和监管同步到位。
英语二级笔译复习资料
英语二级笔译复习资料英语二级笔译是公共英语考试（PETS）中的一个重要项目，也是许多职业翻译人员必须面对的挑战。
对于考生来说，成功地通过英语二级笔译考试不仅需要扎实的英语基础，还需要充分准备和复习。
以下是一些关于英语二级笔译复习资料的建议：一、阅读材料阅读是英语学习的重要组成部分，它不仅可以帮助我们增长词汇量，提高语法水平，还能让我们更好地理解各种文化和社会现象。
因此，在准备英语二级笔译考试时，我们需要仔细阅读各种英语材料，尤其是新闻报道、科技文章和学术论文等。
这些文章通常包含各种专业术语和短语，可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用各种英语表达方式。
二、词汇和短语词汇和短语是英语二级笔译考试中必不可少的部分，它们非常重要，因为它们可以提高我们的阅读和写作能力。
为了更好地准备考试，我们可以使用一些词汇和短语书籍，比如《牛津高级英语词汇》、《朗文当代高级词典》和《柯林斯英语词典》，这些书籍通常包含丰富的英语表达工具和例句，可以帮助我们掌握各种英语写作技巧和表达方式。
三、听力和口语材料听力和口语材料也是准备英语二级笔译考试的重要组成部分。
通过听力和口语的实践练习，我们可以更好地理解和运用各种英语表达方式。
去听一些英语电台节目、英语播客和学术论坛，可以提高我们的听力水平和跟读能力。
同时，我们还可以参加英语口语培训班，和其他翻译人员一起练习口语表达和讨论翻译问题，以提高我们的口语和交际能力。
四、模拟考试模拟考试对于准备复习英语二级笔译考试也非常重要。
通过模拟考试，我们可以更好地了解考试形式和习惯，查漏补缺，及时调整我们的备考计划。
在参加模拟考试前，我们需要准备一些模拟考试资料，其中包括历年的英语二级笔译真题和模拟试卷。
这些试题可以帮助我们更好地了解考试形式和出题模式，为我们的考试做好准备。
最后，准备英语二级笔译考试需要时间和耐心。
我们需要不断学习和练习，巩固自己的英语基础，掌握各种英语表达方式，提高自己的阅读和写作能力。
笔译参考资料(1)
直译与意译●直译所谓直译（literal translation），就是在译入语语法能力所允许的范围内，尽可能贴近原文内容与形式的翻译方法。
一般说来，如果译文能够以与原文相同的形式再现与原文相同的内容，就可以采用直译的方法。
译例评析【1】Whether or not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely unstisfactory for growing children.译文：无论在成人当中是否应该提倡素食习惯，但这却绝对不能满足正在成长发育的孩子们的需要。
【2】But I hated Sakamoto, and I had a feeling he’d surely lead us both to our ancestors.译文：但是我恨坂本，并预感到他肯定会领着咱们去见祖先。
【3】Hitler was armed to the teethwhen he launched the Second World War, but ina few years, he was completely defeated.译文：希特勒在发动第二次世界大战时是武装到牙齿的，可是不过几年，就被彻底击败了。
注：有人认为直译就是逐字翻译（word-for-word translation），这实质上是一种误会。
逐字译是一种严格遵循原文措辞的翻译方法，翻译时以词为单位进行考虑，力求译文中的每个词都与原文相对应。
例如下面杜甫《登高》诗的英译为例：风急天高猿啸哀Wind keen sky high apes scream mourning渚清沙白鸟飞回Islet pure sand white birds fly revolving无边落木萧萧下Without limit falling trees bleakly shed不尽长江滚滚来No exhaustble long river rolling-rolling come万里悲秋常作客Myriad-li melancholy autumn constantly be traveler百年多病独登台Hundred-years much sickness alone ascend terrace艰难困苦繁双鬓Difficulties bitter-regrets proliferate frosty temples潦倒新停浊酒杯Despondent newly stop muddy wine cups总之，我们切不可把直译理解为逐字译。
笔译参考资料
1. What is translation?Translation is a bridge which connects people speaking different languages in the process of exchanging ideas. It makes it possible for different people speaking different languages to communicate with each other through the representation of the original language. Translation is to convey the information of one language (the source language ) in another language (target/receptor language) so that readers can get the information that the original author expresses and also have the same understanding as the original readers.2. What is the nature of translation?1 subject of curriculumtranslation is a science, just as any subject is , with its own rules, laws and principles for the translators to abide by.2 some specific pieces of translationit is like an art, with each piece manifesting its own charms and style in the creative hands of the translator;3 a processa craft or skill. because the process of translation has its peculiarity, and none of its rules and principles are universally applicable. Besides it entails a lot of practice---particular craftsmanship and skills which are displayed by touches of different translators.3. How many categories do you think translation can be divided into, and what are they?In terms of languages ,it can be divided into two categories:☐native languages (source languages)☐foreign languages (source/target languages)In terms of mode:☐oral interpretation☐written translation☐machine translationIn terms of materials to be translated, there are the followings:☐a) translation of scientific materials☐b) translation of literary works: such as novels, stories, prose, poetry, drama, etc.☐C) translation of political essays: such as treatises on social problems, reports, speeches, etc.☐d) translation of practical writing: such as official documents, contracts and agreements, notices, receipts, etc.In terms of disposal:☐full-text translation (全文翻译),☐abridged translation (摘译), or☐adapted translation (编译).4．Which is easier, translating or speaking and writing? Why?5. What are the characteristics of translation?人云亦云不容更改先理解，后动笔克服原语的干扰Examples:☐white lie☐white elephant☐electric pole☐utility pole☐yellow press☐美人计☐步行街7What is the translation theory?Translation theory refers to the study of the internal inherent laws of translation, the finding of the problems often met with in translating and the solutions to them. (It also helps people to understand the laws and solve different kinds of problems in their translation.)8.What are the translation techniques?The translation techniques refer to the experience that people have accumulated in their long-time translating work, which include diction (选词用句), amplification (增词), omission, repetition, conversion, restructuring (重组), negation (正说反译, 反说正译), division(长句拆译), etc.11 What is the relationship between translation theory and translation techniques?In the point view of Eugene A. Nida, the famous American translator, “translation practice without an adequate theroy produces only haphazard results, while theroy without practice is completely sterile” (Nide, 1969). (缺少理论指导的翻译是随意的翻译, 离开实践的理论是毫无根据用处的理论。
笔译期末复习资料 英文版本
笔译期末复习资料Unit 4 conversion转换法1.I have no intension of wearying you with this matter.2.It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.3.The two leaders had a serious and frank exchange of views on Sino-U.S.relations and world affairs.4.The basilica is a conglomeration of contrary styles and periods.5.In the exchange of cultures throughout the world, the study of foreignlanguages is a must.6.The thought of him always fills me with strength. (adverbial clause of time)7.Urgent business prevented me from calling on you.8.A day’s exploration convinced him that this was not the spot.9.A wet day brings out colorful light mackintoshes.Unit 5 addition 增补法1.It is a part, and a very important part, of the air defense of our country.2.Since gaining our independence, we have made every effort to overcome theservitude of our past.3.The frequency, wavelength, and speed of sound are closely related.4.The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic, heating and chemicaleffects.5.This report summed up the new achievements made in electron tubes,semiconductors and components.6.The spirit of peaceful coexistence must embody the idea that states cannot beleft to struggle on single-handed.7.Theory is something, but practice is everything.8.The whole square was alive with singing and rejoicing.9.He has in his vision the totality of every world problem, political, economic,human…10.I t’s a bit fishy that sh e should have given away a villa like that.Unit 6 Omission 省略法1.Water passes from a liquid to solid state when it freezes.2.You should keep calm even when you are in danger.3.She covered her face with her hands as if to protect her eyes.4.Turning on his face, he rested his chin on his hands.5.Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill.6.Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.7.As she turned the corner she had a new idea which made her stop dead.8.It is ten to one that we will over-fulfil our production quota.9.From 4℃on down, water will decrease in density and increase in volume asit gets colder.10.T here are a number of peculiarities about the surface features of the earth.11.H e went out and shut the door gently behind him.unit 7 repetition 重复法2. The use of atomic weapons is a clear violation of international law, in particular of the Geneva Convention;3. Aerostatics is the study of how an object is supported in the air by buoyancy, that is, its ability to float in the air as a boat floats on water.1. Despite his versatility of talent and shiftiness of purpose, this man has in his whole lifetime been wedded to the most fossilized routine. ;2. The solid friendship between our two countries took shape during our protected struggles against colonialism, hegemonism, and outmoded relationships.5. Reading exercises one’s eyes; speaking, one’s tongue; while writing, one’s mind.;6. Thales thought water was the beginning of everything; Anaximenes, air; Heraclitus, fire.1. Radar is a newly developed technique by which people can see things beyond the visibility of them. ;3. We have advocated the principle of peaceful co-existence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.19. He walked down the line shaking hands with each other and mumbling a few words that were inaudible.;21. Walking up and down the empty room, he stopped here and there to touch or look.unit 8 Inversion 倒置法12.S he had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own.;13.S he was an intelligent, attractive and somewhat temperamental daughter of awell-to-do doctor in Haddington.14.T hen one can see the oval face of a handsome young woman with deep darkeyes and long heavy clinging tresses.15.B ernard Shaw was a well-known English playwright, who wrote many plays.;16.A ir is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent by volume.17.J ohn, who was sick yesterday, did not come to class.;18.I n a dispute between two states with which one is friendly, try not to getinvolved.;19.W e maintain that no peace situation is permanent which does not take intoaccount the legitimate wishes of the majority of the people of any country.20.S he was so worried that she could hardly eat her supper.;21.N ow that I think of it, we were wrong in turning down her proposal.unit 9 Negation 反译法22.S he did not leave the letter here on purpose for you to read.;23.Y ou cannot politely turn down the invitation to the conference.24.U nder no circumstances would we give up our principles.25.H e was grown into quite another creature from what he was.;26.O ur work is still a long way from perfection.;27.I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man.28.A ll of the atoms of an element do not have exactly the same mass.;29.E verything is not good, but equally everything is not bad.30.I t is not to be denied that no sacrifice is too great to avert a catastrophe.31.W hen I think of all the waste, words fail me.unit 10 Division 拆译法1. They relentlessly tear at the flowers they see.2. I shall be glad of your company on the journey.3. The time could have been more profitably spent in making a detailed investigation. (= if the time had been spent in making a detailed investigation, it could have been more profitable.)4. They tried vainly to blame us for the break down in the truce talks.5. Any comment on it should appropriately come from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.6. Statistically significant correlation exists between vitamin deficiency and disease.7. His article is a well-written composition with good organization and fine style.8. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours.9. The difficulty of attainment increases the value of the object.10. Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot do creative work and replace man.11. Food which is kept too long decays because it is attacked by yeasts, moulds and bacteria.12. There is an emergency exit in the roof of the car through which passengers can escape.unit 11 Condensation 缩译法1. When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.2. Before the night was far advanced, they began to move against the enemy.3. The chances are that the new machine will arrive tomorrow.4. The imitation, or make-believe, of life which poetry offers constitutes an ordered whole.5. One “Take this” is better than two “I’ll give you”.unit 12 Translation of Passive Voice 被动式译法1. Gases are frequently regarded as compressible, liquids as incompressible.2. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes.unit 13 Translation of Long Sentences 长句译法1. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should seea greatly accelerated program for scientific and technological co-operation, aimed at wide-spread dissemination of technology for meeting the basic needs of man, such as nutrition, shelter, communications, health and sanitation.2. The tendency of a body to continue in motion is clear to one who observes that an automobile or a train moves for some distance even when brakes are used to check this motion.3. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher who weighs out his goods in common scales and the operations of a chemist who performs a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graduated weights.。
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01A（3 人组）说翻译（下）材料原文：要以经济体制改革为重点，区别情况，分类推进，抓好牵一发而动全身的举措，力求取得实质性进展，更多释放改革红利。
在全国实施工商登记制度改革，落实认缴登记制，由先证后照改为先照后证，由企业年检制度改为年报公示制度，让市场主体不断迸发新的活力。
（118 字）译文：We will focus on economic structural reform, advance it on different fronts in a targeted wayin light of different conditions, take key measures that will have an overall impact, strive to make substantive progress and reap more benefits from reform.We will reform the business registration system nationwide and carry out registration of subscribed capital. Issuing an operating permit before a license, which was the practice in the past, will be replaced with the practice of license first, operating permit second. Annual inspections of businesses will be replaced by annual reporting to incentivize market actors.0 1B（3 人组）说翻译（下）材料原文：坚持放管并重，建立纵横联动协同管理机制，实现责任和权力同步下放、放活和监管同步到位。
各级政府预算和决算都要向社会公开，部门预算要逐步公开到基本支出和项目支出，所有财政拨款的“三公”经费都要公开，打造阳光财政，让群众看明白、能监督。
（115 字）译文：We will attach equal importance to both delegating power and strengthening oversight, establish a mechanism of coordinating management between government bodies at both the same and different levels, and ensure that both responsibility and power are delegated together and that relaxing control and strengthening oversight go hand in hand.Governments at all levels should release their budgets and final accounts to the public, and budgets released by government bodies should progressively include details down to basic regular and project expenditures. In particular, all public spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality should be made public. We will ensure transparency of public finance and make it easy for people to understand and oversee it.02A（3 人组）说翻译（下）材料原文：推进税收制度改革，把“营改增”试点扩大到铁路运输、邮政服务、电信等行业，清费立税，推动消费税、资源税改革，做好房地产税、环境保护税立法相关工作。
保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定，扩大汇率双向浮动区间，推进人民币资本项目可兑换。
（117 字）译文：We will advance the reform of the tax system by taking the following steps: Extend trials for replacing business tax with VAT to the railway transport, postal and telecommunications services industries, abolish fees and replace them with taxes, reform the excise tax and resource tax, and move ahead with legislation on property tax and environmental protection tax.We will keep the renminbi exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate, balanced level,expand its floating range, and move toward renminbi convertibility under capital accounts.0 2B（3 人组）说翻译（下）材料原文：让金融成为一池活水，更好地浇灌小微企业、“三农”等实体经济之树。
优化国有经济布局和结构，加快发展混合所有制经济，建立健全现代企业制度和公司法人治理结构。
完善产权保护制度，公有制经济财产权不可侵犯，非公有制经济财产权同样不可侵犯。
（114 字）译文：We will ensure that financial services play an active role in meeting the needs of the real economy, including small and micro businesses, agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.We will improve the distribution and structure of the state-owned sector of the economyand accelerate the development of mixed-ownership economic entities. We will establish a sound modern corporate structure and corporate governance.We will improve the property rights system to ensure that property rights are inviolable inboth the public and non-public sectors.03A（3 人组）说翻译（下）材料原文：开放与改革相伴而生、相互促进。
要构建开放型经济新体制，推动新一轮对外开放，在国际市场汪洋大海中搏击风浪。
扩大全方位主动开放。
打造内外资企业一视同仁、公平竞争的营商环境，使中国继续成为外商投资首选地。
从战略高度推动出口升级和贸易平衡发展。
（118 字）译文：Opening up and reform have been launched as integral parts of the same initiative as theyare mutually reinforcing. We will foster a new open-economy system and advance a new round of opening up to embrace the international market.We will open China wider to the outside world in all areas. We will level the playing field for domestic and foreign enterprises to compete on fair terms so as to ensure that China remains a top choice for foreign investment.We will make it a strategic priority to upgrade exports and promote balanced growth offoreign trade.03B（3 人组）说翻译（下）材料原文：在走出去中提升竞争力。
健全金融、法律、领事等服务保障，规范走出去秩序，促进产品出口、工程承包与劳务合作。
抓紧规划建设丝绸之路经济带、21 世纪海上丝绸之路。
统筹多双边和区域开放合作。
坚持推动贸易和投资自由化便利化，形成对外开放与改革发展良性互动新格局。
（124 字）译文：We will increase China's competitiveness through expanding its overseas business presence.We will provide better financial, legal and consular services, ensure orderly overseas business operations, and boost the export of products, project contracting and labor services. We willintensify the planning and building of a Silk Road economic belt and a 21st century maritime Silk Road.We will engage in bilateral, multilateral and regional opening up and cooperation in a coordinated way. We will continue to promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation and ensure that opening up reinforces and is reinforced by reform and development.04A（3 人组）说翻译（下）材料原文：要从需求方面施策，从供给方面发力。