英美小说要素解析 To build a fire
《了不起的盖茨比》文学五要素分析
《了不起的盖茨比》文学五要素分析《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家F·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德于1925年创作的长篇小说，被誉为20世纪最伟大的小说之一、这部小说以20世纪20年代美国为背景，通过描绘主人公盖茨比不屈不挠的追求和对梦想的执着追求，深刻剖析了美国社会的虚伪与空洞。
其文学价值在于对爱情、财富、虚荣等主题的深入挖掘，并通过一系列独特的文学要素来展现这些主题。
首先，小说涵盖了丰富的情节，从而增强了作品的吸引力和可读性。
故事以主人公尼克·卡拉威为叙述者，讲述了他在长岛上的邻居盖茨比的故事，引发了读者对盖茨比的好奇心。
小说中，盖茨比通过财富和奢华的生活方式来吸引梦中情人黛西，展示了他对黛西的深情和执着。
同时，小说还展现了20年代美国社会的暴露和矛盾，通过对冷漠和虚伪的描绘，揭示了社会道德和人际关系的脆弱性。
其次，小说中的人物塑造也是其文学要素之一、主人公盖茨比是一个富有的商人，他通过经商致富，但内心却一直向往着不可触摸的东西，即他的梦中情人黛西。
虽然他冒险改变了自己的身份，但在追求中却逐渐失去了自我的真实性，成为一个被虚荣驱使的人。
而黛西则是一个典型的小资产阶级女性，追求物质享受和社会地位，对待感情和责任缺乏诚意。
通过对这些角色的细腻描写和刻画，小说展现了社会背景对个人命运的影响。
此外，小说也通过描写细腻的环境来增强故事的真实感。
作品中的长岛代表着20年代美国经济繁荣和社交场所的繁忙，尤其是盖茨比的豪华别墅成为他奢靡生活的象征。
而小说中对于瓦莱特谷的描写则代表着腐败和浪费。
通过这些环境描绘，小说帮助读者更好地理解和感受到了社会和角色的特殊性。
总之，《了不起的盖茨比》通过丰富多样的情节、鲜明独特的人物塑造、细腻描绘的环境、巧妙运用的文学手法等文学要素的运用，揭示了20年代美国社会的矛盾和人性的脆弱。
这部小说不仅具有很高的艺术价值，而且深入挖掘了人类社会的本质和困境，对于读者来说具有深远的思考和启示意义。
小说的要素 英文课件
18
Symbolism
A person, object, image, word or event that evokes a range of additional meaning beyond and usually more abstract than its literal significance.
15
Setting
The setting is the physical and social context in which the action of a story occurs. The major elements of setting are the time, the place, and the social environment that frames the characters. Setting can be used to evoke a mood or atmosphere that will prepare the reader for what is to come. Sometimes, writers choose a particular setting because of traditional associations with that setting that are closely related to the action of a story.
16
Point of View
Refers to who tells us a story and how it is told. What we know and how we feel about the events in a work are shaped by the author’s choice of point of view. The teller of the story, the narrator, inevitably affects our understanding of the characters’ actions by filtering what is told through his or her own perspective.
英美小说要素解析1
Further definition of the genre is historically difficult. The construction of the narrative, the plot, the way reality is created in the works of fiction, the fascination of the character study, and the use of language are usually discussed to show a novel's artistic merits.
A specific novel can have these "eternal qualities" of art, this "deeper meaning" an interpretation tries to reveal.
/techniques/medi a/forster.html
A novelist can only begin to explore the value of human experiences by developing the characters of the story. But Forster emphasizes that characters are not real people; rather they are like real people.
<<霍华德庄园>>围绕家产继承权和女主人公的婚姻
铺叙了一个传统的“故事”。但是，在更重要的层面 上，这是一部有关英国以及人类文明的寓言。
英美文学Summary
SummaryWhen Robinson came to the island,the thought of securing himself against the savages and and wild beast in the island was filled with his mindSoon,he found that the place he was in was not suitable for settlement,and he decided to find a new proper place to pitch his tent.Having thought about several necessary condition for suitable place including health,fresh water,shelter and security from ravenous creatures,Robinson pitch his tent on a plain on the side of a rising hill.It took him much labor and time to build his house.After he solved the problem for living,he began to think about the food.Robinson went our once at least every day with his gun,to protect himself as well as to see if there was anything to kill for food.He found that there were some goats in the island,which met his satisfaction.However,at first he found it was such a difficult thing to catchthem.Instead of being discouraged,Robinson found some methods to get close to the goats,and finally he succeeded in catching the goats,which saved his provisions as much as possible.What’s more,Robinson began to realize that he must learn to accept the situation he was in.He needed to forget about the ordinary living condition.Instead,he should learn to use the thing in the island to make lead his own life.He cut a notch with his knife every day,and with this kind of signal,Robinson made his calendar.。
英美小说要素解析 To build a fire
dominant mood of the story ： isolation helplessness depression melancholy
Evidence and Data
1. A man is climbing the high earth-bank in Yukon alone, and the man has no experience of climbing in -75. ---- These two sentences show the mood of isolation and helplessness.
Group 6
What is the dominant mood of the story? How does London's prose style(particularly his use of imagery) serve to eatablish and then to intensify that mood?
First style---The author from two aspects tell us the theory of
Naturalism: natural selection and survival of the fittest .
On the one hand, between different species, the story shows the competition of human beings and dog. In the extreme cold environment, if one can't adapt to the harsh natural environment, there is only one outcome - turned out to be the victim of the nature. In the story, the man failled to fight against the nature, and in the end, he is dead. On the contrary, the dog survived. On the other hand, in this story, we describe many of the natural environment, which is to highlight strong power of nature and human's wekness, helplessness. Although the man is trying to compete with the natural, but ultimately failed to break the control of the natural environment for human.
to build a fire 的读后感
A Lesson We Can Learn from TO BUILD A FIRESong TianyeRecently, I have read a story named to build a fire, which is the most wonderful collection of Jack London’s short stories.In this story, a man traveled in the Yukon on an exceedingly cold and grey morning, a big native husky wolf-dog following. He was a newcomer to the Yukon, who planned to meet his friends by six o'clock at an old claim. At the beginning, he didn’t pay much attention to the freezing weather. With time passing, the man realized the danger -----sometimes there were alternate layers of water and ice-skin, so that it’s quite easy for one broke through the ice-skin and wet to the waist.Unfortunately, his feet got wet and he had to build a fire to warm himself, or his toes would be frozen. His pace of four miles an hour had kept his heart pumping blood to the surface of his body and to all the extremities. But the instant he stopped, the action of the pump eased down.Then, he succeeded to make a fire. However, before he could cut the frozen strings on his shoes, clumps of snow from the spruce tree above fell down and put out the fire. The man was shocked. It was as though he had just heard his own sentence of death.At that time, he realized that the old-timer’s suggestions were right. If he had atrail-mate, he would be in no danger------the trail-mate would make the fire. After a time, he was aware of the first far-away signals of sensation in his beaten fingers. At last, when he could endure no more, he jerked his hands apart. It was impossible for him to build a fire.He decided to kill the dog and bury his hands in the warm body until the numbness went out of them. He spoke to the dog, calling it to him, but the dog sidled mincinglyaway. The man lost his control. His arms flashed out to the dog and the animal got away at once.A certain fear of death, dull and oppressive, came to him. He started to run and felt better. However, it was too many miles away. He considered himself a fool, who run around like a chicken with its head cut off. He did n’t belong to himself any more, for even then he was out of himself, standing with the boys who would find his body next day and looking at himself in the snow.At the end of the story, the man drowsed off into what seemed to him the most comfortable and satisfying sleep he ever known. He was dead and the dog bristle and back away.After having read the story, I felt very sad and shocked. It occurs to me that most of us are unwise, like the man in the story, to face the life but gain failure in the end.At the beginning, a man doesn’t know the feeling of fear. He gains knowledge from the school and life. When he meets with various difficulties, he always tries his best to move away the barrier by himself. In this case, he becomes conceited and refuses to cooperate with other people. To the worse, in the future, he may ignore the warnings, which old-timers give to him.Of course, he will gain failure in the end and give to the life with a sense of regret.Losers are these people who never learn from lessons. In our personal lives, we always read other people’s tragedies, blaming for their mistakes. We put a wild idea into our own heads that we won’t make these kinds of faults. However, we just repeat performing the tragedy for other people. That is to say only when we are trapped into impasses, can we think of old-timers’ advice.What’s more, as far as I am concerned, besides that we should learn something from lessons, all of us should also recognize the importance of having companies, withwhom we won’t feel lonely or helpless in any case. Living a life is just like take a train. A friend is a gift that you give yourself and the trip will be interesting.At last ,this point is also very important——never want to make the purpose by sacrifice our friends. If you drop your friend in the danger, don’t pray that he will still company with you. Great friendship is always based on sufferings. On the contrary, we should make true friends.The life is full of chances. It doesn’t mean that if someone fails once, he will lose the entire life. This story is just a good lesson for us.I feel lucky to read this story, because of which I can learn so much.。
欧美文学分析
An Analysis of Adventures of Tom Sawyer◇About Mark TwainMark Twain (1835-1910) is a famous American novelist. He specializes in using humor and irony, point out problems sharply and relentless, its creation will be realistic characterizations and lyrical romanticism harmonious unity. His work on the later American literature had a profound impact. Mark Twain is generally considered as a major milestone of American literature.Mark Twain is American literature of the founder of critical realism, the world-famous short story master. He went through the United States from the "free" capitalism to the development of imperialism, his ideas and creativity are reflected from the light make fun of the bitter irony then pessimistic stage of development. Fresh and powerful works of writing, examine with the natural and unique perspective, is considered a landmark in the history of American literature realism works. The late 19th century, with the United States entered into the imperialist stage of development, some of Mark Twain travels, essays, political commentary, and other significance of critical and disclosure had gradually weakened, while the mysterious mood of despair is somewhat elongated. Mark Twain was considered as the "Lincoln in American Literature." His main work has been mostly a Chinese translation.◇About the main plot, the hero"Adventures of Tom Sawyer" is one of Mark Twain's four masterpieces. Novel description is Tom Sawyer, led a group of children innocent romance of life. To get rid of dull homework, false teachings and the dull living environment, they made all kinds of adventures. Tom. Sawyer is naive and lively, one day he invited Huck to a graveyard at night to play, witnessed the tragedy of the murder by Indian Joe, through the ideological struggle he exposed the crime of Indian Joe . Indian Joe tried to kill Tom result slip into deep canyons, and die. Tom and Huck found a box of gold buried by Indian Joe, the two shared, has become a millionaire. American hypocrisy and vulgar novels of social customs were hypocritical religious satire and criticism.◇IntroductionThe story happened in an ordinary town besides the Mississippi River in the 19th century, Tom Sawyer was a mischievous child. He could always come up with a variety of pranks which made Aunt Polly feel helpless, and he always tried his best to avoid punishment. One day, Tom met a lovely girl, Becky Thatcher, she was the daughter of Judge Thatcher. Tom started pursuing her when he met her .His love seemed to get a response. There had a child called Huckleberry Finn in the town. His father was always drinking and his parents were often fighting. so he ran out of his family and lived alone. Yet people did not like him, but Tom was his good friend. One day, they appointed to the cemetery where they had seen an unexpected scene. They saw doctors Robinson, Injun Joe and Muff Potter tussle together. In the chaotic tussle Injun Joe killed the doctor, and then put the blame on Porter who was unconscious. Tom and Huck were terrified, they established a blood oath that never leaked the secret. After Porter was arrested, Tom was very guilty, and he often went to see him. At this time Tom was unfavorable in everything .Becky was angry with him and ignored him. Besides, aunt always scolded him and he felt that nobody care about him. So Tom went to a island with Huck and another child by a boat. After a short while they found thatthe people of the village thought they had died. And villagers were searching for their bodies. Tom returned to his aunt at night quietly and found that aunt Polly was sad for his death. Tom felt so ashamed. In the end, they came back when villagers were holding funeral for them. Summer was coming, Tom felt more anxious, because the judge would make a decision to Porter's crime. Tom finally overcame fear and selfishness, then he reported that Injun Joe was the murderer. But murderer escaped at last. Later, Tom came up with an idea to find treasures. Tom and Huck found Injun Joe and his ill-gotten gains. However, they did not know where he hid his money was. When Becky and students got out to have a picnic, Huck had known Joe wanted to harm Douglas because of her husband, who had sent him to prison. Thanks to Huck's message they avoided a tragedy, but Injun Joe escaped again. At this point, Tom and Becky entered a cave when they had a picnic .The hole was so deep that they could not find the way to come back. They met Injun Joe in the cave again. The villagers made great efforts to pull Tom and Becky out of death and then closed the cave. Later, Tom told the villagers that Injun Joe was still inside. When they found him, he had died in the cave. At last，Tom and Huck returned to the cave and found the treasures .◇Character analysisTom Sawyer’s Innocence and RomanceIn The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Mark Twain managers his delicate pen well to delineate Tom’s romance with Becky Thatcher, a beautiful girl who attracts Tom at their first encounter. Tom immediately loses himself, and he forgets Amy Lawrence, with whom Tom makes engagement before.Tom Sawyer’s WitMark Twain here uses Tom’s whitewashing to express his own thoughts. The difference between play and work, Mark Twain points out that work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do and play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do. He powerfully criticizes the luxury of the aristocratic life. The wealthy gentlemen do not work but indulge themselves in wasting wealth.Tom Sawyer’s HeroismTom becomes a hero. People celebrate their narrow escape, and commend Tom’s brave deeds. Aunt Polly is proud of him too. After a series of adventure, Tom Sawyer’s personality has transformed from a naughty boy to a little hero. Mark Twain shows us a bad boy is possible to be a great hero, while the good boy can merely be a spectator. Mark Twain exagerates Tom Sawyer’s braveness to express his commends to the boy’s heroism, meanwhile, he tries to attack the stubborn traditional educational system. Tom Sawyer is naughty, adventurous, and desirous for freedom. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer actually awakens people’s instinct s that hide themselves in the bottom of heart. No matter how old one is, he is eager to be Tom Sawyer in the other side of his heart.◇The main idea"Adventures of Tom Sawyer" described Tom, a little boy, hating the boring living environment at home and school, longing for adventure and the pursuit of outdoor life. This novel meets the boys for the fame, heroism, gold and silver wealth and adulation of the deepest aspirations, and vividly depicts the scene of life in an American frontier town before the Civil War, not only can people enjoy the beauty, but also can make the nostalgia was tremendous satisfaction. Its description ofTom and other children's behavior and mental activity has universal significance, can inspire many people's interests. Structure of the novel is also complete. It has the "four narrative units" and "four plot lines": the story of Tom and Huck, the story of Tom and Muff Potter, Jackson’s Island and a series of events led to the discovery of wealth. These four plot lines are organically intertwined, so that the book has a strong dramatic color. The novel's more detailed psychological description, the narrator is the view that an adult used to observe the little boy. "Adventures of Tom Sawyer" is indeed a good book worthy of appreciation. As a memorial to the early frontier life in the United States, it has a very valuable historical significance, and as an idea of the perfect, the characters vivid novel, it has high artistic value and aesthetic value.。
To_Build_a_Fire_《生火》中文翻译_杰克伦敦1
TｏBuilｄa Fｉre,杰克伦敦作品《生火》就是著名美国作家，杰克伦敦得著名短篇故事之一。
描写得就是一个人独自在寒冷中行走，最终抵御不住严寒而冻死得故事。
《生火》就是一篇经典得自然主义作品。
故事中得人藐视自然,却被自然挫败。
生火原文如下: 天气又阴又冷,她离开了育空河主道,爬上了高高得河堤,瞧见一条模糊得、人迹罕至得小径穿过茂密得云杉森林,延伸至东部地区。
河堤陡峭,她爬到顶部停下来喘了口气,顺便瞧了下手表。
现在就是早晨9点钟,尽管天空中没有一片云彩,连一点点太阳得影子都没有。
这虽说就是个大晴天，但所有物体得表面都好像蒙上了一层黑幕,有一种难以捉摸得黑暗把白天变成了黑夜，而这都归因于天上没有太阳。
这些倒不让她担心。
她已经习惯了没有太阳得日子。
上次瞧见太阳已经就是好几天前得事了,她知道还要再过几天才能瞧到那令人振奋得星球。
在南方尽头,地平线已经隐约可见,或者不过就是在视线之外得一点点得地方。
她回头沿着走过得路望去，一英里宽得育空河隐藏在三尺厚得冰下。
冰面上覆盖了几尺厚得积雪。
到处就是白茫茫得一片,封冻得冰面被挤压出一条温柔得曲线,此起彼伏。
不管往北还就是往南,视力所及之处,全就是白茫茫得一片。
只有一条头发丝一样得线,弯弯曲曲得从南边得一座被冰雪覆盖得岛屿蜿蜒至北方，消失在另一座冰雪覆盖得岛屿得后面。
这条黑线就就是那条路那条主干道它向南延伸50里到其库特隘口、代亚与盐湖,向北延伸70里到道森,继续走1000里就到了奴拉图,最终通向白令海边得圣迈克尔不过,那还得走１５0０多里。
但就是，所有得这一切那神秘、遥远得头发丝般得道路、没有太阳得天空、刺骨得寒风以及随之而来得陌生与古怪得感觉,都没能对她产生影响。
并不就是因为她长期生活在这种环境下,已经适应了，她只就是个新来得,这也就是她在此地度过得第一个冬天。
她得问题在于缺乏想象力。
因为她只对活着得生物反应敏锐警觉,但也只限于活物本身,而不就是瞧意义层面。
零下50 就就是华氏冰点下80 。
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dominant mood of the story ： isolation helplessness depression melancholy
Evidence and Data
1. A man is climbing the high earth-bank in Yukon alone, and the man has no experience of climbing in -75. ---- These two sentences show the mood of isolation and helplessness.
Байду номын сангаас
First style---The author from two aspects tell us the theory of
Naturalism: natural selection and survival of the fittest .
On the one hand, between different species, the story shows the competition of human beings and dog. In the extreme cold environment, if one can't adapt to the harsh natural environment, there is only one outcome - turned out to be the victim of the nature. In the story, the man failled to fight against the nature, and in the end, he is dead. On the contrary, the dog survived. On the other hand, in this story, we describe many of the natural environment, which is to highlight strong power of nature and human's wekness, helplessness. Although the man is trying to compete with the natural, but ultimately failed to break the control of the natural environment for human.
Second style----The author operates as a third
his dialogue stereotyped.
In this story, we can see that London establish and intensify the mood of isolation, helplessnee, depression and melancholy through two kind of prose style. First, Social Darwinism( the survival of the fittest) Second, Third-person Omniscient (all knowing---he/she/it/they/them told by the author; all characters’ feelings/thoughts are revealed)
1.What is the dominant mood of the story? How does London’s prose style (particularly his use of imagery ) serve to establish and to intensify that mood? 2.What comment does the story make about the relationship between man and nature? 3.Does the story have a theme? If it does, describe
London’s Writting Style
Social Darwinism: the survival of the fittest
Naturalism mingled with Romanticism Forceful and colorful
Subjectivity and enthusiasm His characterizations were often stiff and
Group 6
What is the dominant mood of the story? How does London's prose style(particularly his use of imagery) serve to eatablish and then to intensify that mood?
4. The whole story shows the depression and melancholy.
How does London's prose style(particularly his use of
imagery) serve to eatablish and then to intensify that mood?
2. “day had broken cold and gray，exceedingly cold and grey”. ---- This sentence hints at the depressing atmosphere.
3.He is shocked when the fire dead.(P53) ---- This sentence shows the mood of helplessness.