高中英语学习：ing 形式作定语使用全攻略
动词ing和动词ed作定语的用法
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-ing 形式作定语, 宾语补足语和表语的用法
We can see the rising sun.
1) 单个-ing形式作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之前, ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并 且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
C. being run D. to run
2. John’s bad habit is _____ without
thorough understanding.
A. read
C. to be read
B. being read
D. reading
3. Tell Mary that there’s someone ____ for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait 4. The _______ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.” A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile
高考链接
1. The ______ boy was last seen ______ near the bank of the lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play
高一英语动词ing形式作表语和定语
高中英语必修第三册Unit1语法精讲：动词ing形式作表语和定语一、动词-ing形式作表语动词-ing形式作表语，通常位于系动词后面，用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。
作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。
常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等，这类分词有“令人……的”之意，常修饰物。
Your speechis very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。
注意：不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。
动词-ed形式作表语表示外因使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。
My wish is to find apart-time job this summer.我的愿望就是今年夏天能找到一份兼职工作。
I was disappointed atthis decision.我对这个决定感到失望。
2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean aspossible.＝Keeping the lecture hallas clean as possible is her job.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
[名师点津](1)作表语时，系动词除be外还有appear，sound，look，become，come，get，go，grow，keep，remain，seem等。
动词-ing形式作表语定语,宾补及状语的用法
动词-ing形式作表语定语，宾补及状语的用法一、动词-ing形式作表语1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)二、动词-ing形式作定语1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
动词ing形式作定语和表语
动词ing形式作定语和表语动词ing形式作定语和表语知识点包括v．ing形式、v.ing作定语、v.ing作表语等部分，有关动词ing形式作定语和表语的详情如下：v．ing形式v．ing形式分为动名词和现在分词两类。
动名词兼有动词和名词的特征，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。
v.ing作定语1．动名词作定语动名词作定语表示名词的属性或事物的用途，且只能作前置定语。
如：No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.在阅览室里任何人不得大声说话。
There is a swimming pool in our school.我们学校有一个游泳池。
The father is busy in making a walking stick for his son whose leg is broken.那位父亲正在为腿骨折的儿子做拐杖。
2．现在分词作定语现在分词可以作前置定语，也可以作后置定语，表示正在进行的动作或某种状态。
单个现在分词作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之前；现在分词短语作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之后。
如：He saw a flying bird.他看到一只飞鸟。
The glow of the setting sun is splendid；it is a pity that dusk isfast approaching.夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正与老师讲话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
注意：在下列情况中不能用动词的ing形式作定语，必须使用定语从句：(1)作定语的v.ing形式表示的动作与主句谓语的动作不是同时发生，要使用定语从句。
例如：The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.(×)The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.(√)昨天来的教授将给我们讲课。
动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语讲解学习
动词的i n g形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语一、动词-ing形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)二、动词-ing形式作定语1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
ing 形式作定语使用全攻略
ing 分词作定语使用全攻略先看一个长难句分析：This finding put an end to centuries of theories claiming(声称) that physical functions of the ear determine what we find attractive.这个发现终结了数个世纪的声称耳朵的生理功能决定了我们所发现的(声音)是富有吸引力的理论。
其中claiming 是ing分词表示主动作后置定语，ing 分词作定语如何使用呢？1. 现在分词作前置定语时，在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句；如：a listening child= a child who is listening,如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系，定语相当于一个介词for引导的短语。
a walking stick= a stick for walking. a reading room= a room for readinga swimming pool= a pool for swimming现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。
Sea water ___containing______ (contain) salt can’t be drunk.Sea water which contains salt can’t be drunk.2. 现在分词作定语往往表示“令人……”，主动的或正在进行的动作。
如：a moving film, a developing country.exciting 令人兴奋的, 使人激动的interesting 有趣味的, 引起好奇的disappointing 使人失望的, 令人失望的discouraging 令人气馁的encouraging 奖励的, 可奖励的puzzling使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的missing. n不见的, 缺少的surprising令人惊讶的confusing使人混淆的amusing有趣的charming迷人的, 娇媚的,astonishing可惊异的shocking骇人听闻的inviting引人动心的, 有魅力的3. V-ing作定语表主动或动作正在进行=I have a friend __who __ _is___ __living____in London.No one is allowed to speak in the reading room.再举例：(1).They lived in a room facing the street.(2).A number of people __standing_______ (stand) outside asked to be allowed to enter the hall.. we set up a sign reading“No admittance” 我们设立了一个告示牌，告示排上写着：“禁止入内”。
动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语
动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语一、动词—ing形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible。
（= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2。
表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态（动词ing 相当一个形容词)The problem is quite puzzling。
这个问题很令困惑。
3。
常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing，amusing, confusing，disappointing，boring，encouraging，inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising等.全析提示：动词—ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的—ing 形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night。
(staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her）二、动词—ing形式作定语1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义.①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary—looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词—ing形式如是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。
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ing 分词作定语使用全攻略
先看一个长难句分析：This finding put an end to centuries of theories claiming(声称) that physical functions of the ear determine what we find attractive.
这个发现终结了数个世纪的声称耳朵的生理功能决定了我们所发现的(声音)是富有吸引力的理论。
其中claiming 是ing分词表示主动作后置定语，
ing 分词作定语如何使用呢？
1. 现在分词作前置定语时，在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句；如：a listening child= a child who is listening,
如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系，定语相当于一个介词for引导的短语。
a walking stick= a stick for walking. a reading room= a room for reading
a swimming pool= a pool for swimming
现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。
Sea water ___containing______ (contain) salt can’t be drunk.
Sea water which contains salt can’t be drunk.
2. 现在分词作定语往往表示“令人……”，主动的或正在进行的动作。
如：
a moving film, a developing country.
exciting 令人兴奋的, 使人激动的interesting 有趣味的, 引起好奇的
disappointing 使人失望的, 令人失望的discouraging 令人气馁的
encouraging 奖励的, 可奖励的puzzling使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的
missing. n不见的, 缺少的surprising令人惊讶的
confusing使人混淆的amusing有趣的
charming迷人的, 娇媚的,astonishing可惊异的
shocking骇人听闻的inviting引人动心的, 有魅力的
3. V-ing作定语表主动或动作正在进行
=I have a friend __who __ _is___ __living____in London.
No one is allowed to speak in the reading room.
再举例：
(1).They lived in a room facing the street.
(2).A number of people __standing_______ (stand) outside asked to be allowed to enter the hall.. we set up a sign reading“No admittance” 我们设立了一个告示牌，告示排上写着：“禁止入内”。
此处we set up a sign reading“No admittance”相当于we set up a sign which reads“No admittance”
(3).It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used.它将包括每一个可能的英文词，不仅给出词的定义而且给出这个词的历史和表示它的用法的引文。
2012山东卷阅读B
(4).Looking ahead(状语),scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century（后置定语）.展望未来，科学家们认为全球
变暖可能是21世纪所面临的最严重的环境问题之一。
(北师大版M8 U23 L3)。