高二九月月考
河南省南阳市2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考化学试题含答案
化学试题（答案在最后）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案字母涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案字母。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
考试时间为75分钟，满分100分可能用到的相对原子质量：H —1Li —7C —12N —14O —16Cl —35.5Fe —56Cu—64Zn—65一、选择题：本题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1．下列说法错误的是（）A ．需要加热才能发生的反应可能是吸热反应，也可能是放热反应B ．已知4P （红磷，s ）4P =（白磷，s ）Δ0H >，则红磷比白磷稳定C ．“冰，水为之，而寒于水”，说明相同质量的水和冰相比较，冰的能量低D ．盐酸与碳酸氢钠的反应属于放热反应2．在25℃、101kPa 下，碳、氢气、甲烷和葡萄糖的燃烧热依次是393.5kJ/mol 、285.8kJ/mol 、890.3kJ/mol 、2800kJ/mol ，则下列热化学方程式书写正确的是（）A ．()()()21C s O g CO g 2+=Δ393.5H =-kJ/molB ．()()()()4222CH g 2O g CO g 2H O l +=+Δ890.3H =-kJ/molC ．()()()2222H g O g 2H O l +=Δ571.6H =+kJ/molD ．()()()()61262221C H O s 3O g 3CO g 3H O g 2+=+Δ1400H =-kJ/mol3．肼（24N H ）在不同条件下分解产物不同，200℃时在Cu 表面分解的机理如图a 。
已知：反应Ⅰ：()()()24233N H g N g 4NH g =+1Δ32.9H =-kJ ⋅mol 1-反应Ⅱ：()()()2423N H g H g 2NH g +=2Δ41.8H =-kJ ⋅mol 1-下列说法不正确的是（）A ．图a 所示过程①是放热反应B ．反应Ⅱ的能量过程示意图如图b 所示C ．断开3mol ()24N H g 的化学键吸收的能量大于形成1mol ()2N g 和4mol ()3NH g 的化学键释放的能量D ．200℃时，肼分解生成氮气和氢气的热化学方程式为()()()2422N H g N g 2H g =+Δ50.7H =+kJ ⋅mol 1-4．亚硝酰氯（结构式为Cl N O -=）是有机物合成中的重要试剂，可由NO （结构式为N O ≡）与2Cl 在通常条件下反应得到。
湖南省岳阳市岳阳县2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考语文试题含答案
2024年9月高二语文月考试题（答案在最后）一、现代文阅读（共2小题，满分36分，每小题18分）阅读下面的文字，完成各题。
生死交锋吕啸天北方八月的这天夜里，突然下起了一场鹅毛大雪。
汉军驻扎的秃柳营几乎被大雪所覆盖。
锋利的长枪枪头挂满了雪花，在夜中发出炫目的青光，有些刺眼。
骠骑将军霍去病帐下亲兵魏中悄悄地溜出营门，朝匈奴军驻扎的狼子山狂奔而去。
这个时候，匈奴军元帅呼韩武扬正在帐中喝酒。
他一人喝掉了两瓶烈性的胡冰烧，烈酒烧红了他的双眼，但没有驱散他心中的郁闷。
开春之后，他受单于之命，率二十万大军，从西城长驱而入，占领了河西，打通了入侵汉朝的一条重要的也是唯一的通道。
汉军派出两路人马反击匈奴。
前锋八万人马由骠骑将军霍去病率领，后路军五万人马由征西大将军卫青统领。
霍去病率领的前锋八万人马在离河西匈奴军三四十里外的单旗镇扎营。
呼韩武扬这时才相信汉军的前锋统帅是一位二十出头的年轻人。
这位要统兵入侵汉朝、二十余年征战沙场的胡将，兴奋得连呼：今夜就去劫营，杀霍去病一个人仰马翻！呼韩武扬派前锋呼韩元率五万人马连夜突袭汉军。
半夜时分，一脸血污的呼韩元狼狈不堪地逃了回来，说：汉军早有准备，偷袭不成，反而折损了一万人马。
呼韩武扬暗暗惊讶：没想到霍去病年纪轻轻，竟是这样的统兵奇才！在接下来的交锋中，霍去病采用派出小股军队扰乱敌军，敌军追击再用伏兵消灭的办法，打了几场漂亮的胜仗。
匈奴军士气低落，呼韩武扬率兵退驻漠北。
霍去病率兵追击，在漠北匈奴军三十里外的秃柳营扎营。
两军形成对峙局面。
霍去病在等卫青的后路军前来支援，两军会合后，再一举出击，将匈奴军赶出边塞。
匈奴军二十万人马经过几番厮杀，已经折损了近三万人马，寸土未得。
而且对手还是一个年轻的小将和他率领的仅八万人马。
呼韩武扬觉得作为匈奴最骁勇的大将，这是他统兵征战以来遭受的最致命的重创，也是他生命中的奇耻大辱。
呼韩式扬开启第二瓶胡冰烧酒时，声称有重要情报献给元帅以换取千两黄金赏赐的魏中被带进了帐中。
2024--2025高二物理9月月考物理试卷
2024-2025学年9月阶段性检测高二物理卷注意事项:1、本试卷为闭卷考试，考试时间为75分钟，总分100分；2、请在密封线内填写清楚班级、姓名、考场、考号。
3、本试卷分试题卷和答题卡，所有答案全部写在答题卡上。
一、选择题（共63分，期中1-9为单选，每题5分，10-12为多选，每题6分，少选得3分，多选、错选不得分。
）1.M、N都是不带电的物体，它们互相摩擦后M带正电荷 1.6×10−10C，下列判断中正确的是（）A．在摩擦前M和N的内部没有任何电荷B．摩擦的过程中电子从N转移到了MC．N在摩擦后一定带负电荷1.6×10−10CD．M在摩擦过程中失去了1.6×10−10个电子2.如图所示，在绝缘的光滑水平面上，相隔一定距离有两个带同号电荷的小球，从静止同时释放，则两个小球的加速度和速度大小随时间变化的情况是（）A．速度变大，加速度变大 B．速度变小，加速度变小C．速度变大，加速度变小 D．速度变小，加速度变大3.如图所示的电场中，虚线为某带电粒子只在静电力作用下的运动轨迹，a、b、c是轨迹上的三个点，则（）A．粒子一定带负电B．粒子一定是从a点运动到b点C．粒子在c点的加速度一定大于在b点的加速度D．粒子在电场中c点的速度一定大于在a点的速度4.如图，三个固定的带电小球a、b和c，相互间的距离分别为ab＝5 cm，bc＝3 cm，ca＝4 cm。
小球c所受静电力的合力的方向平行于a、b的连线。
设小球a、b所带电荷量的比值的绝对值为k，则（）A．a、b的电荷同号，k＝169 B．a、b的电荷异号，k＝169C．a、b的电荷同号，k＝6427 D．a、b的电荷异号，k＝64275.在x轴上有两个点电荷q1、q2，其静电场的电势φ在x轴上分布如图所示。
下列说法正确的有（）A．q1和q2带有同种电荷B．x1处的电场强度为零C．负电荷从x1移到x2，电势能减小D．负电荷从x1移到x2，受到的电场力增大6.如图所示，在真空中等量异种点电荷形成的电场中：O是电荷连线的中点，C、D是连线中垂线上关于O对称的两点，A、B是连线延长线上的两点，且到正、负电荷的距离均等于两电荷间距的一半．则以下结论正确的是()A．B，C两点场强方向相同B．A，B两点场强相同C．C，O，D三点比较，O点场强最弱D．A，O，B三点比较，O点场强最弱7.某静电除尘设备集尘板的内壁带正电，设备中心位置有一个带负电的放电极，它们之间的电场线分布如图所示，虚线为某带电烟尘颗粒（重力不计）的运动轨迹，A、B是轨迹上的两点，C点与B点关于放电极对称，下列说法正确的是（）班级：姓名：考场：考号：*******************密*****************************封**********************线*********************************A ．A 点电势高于B 点电势B ．A 点电场强度小于C 点电场强度C ．烟尘颗粒在A 点的动能小于在B 点的动能D ．烟尘颗粒在A 点的电势能小于在B 点的电势能8.）ABCD9.如图中a 、b、c 是匀强电场中同一平面上的三个点，各点的电势分别是φa =5V ，φb =2V ，φc =4V ，则在下列各示意图中能表示该电场强度方向的是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．10.图甲为某一点电荷 QQ 产生的电场中的一条电场线， AA 、BB 为电场线上的两点，一电子以某一速度沿电场线由 AA 运动到 BB 的过程中，其速度一时间图像如图乙所示，则下列叙述正确的是（ ）A ．电场线方向由B 指向A B ．电场强度大小 EE AA >EE BBC ．Q 可能为负电荷，也可能为正电荷D ．Q 在A 的左侧且为负电荷11.如图所示，虚线 aa 、 bb 、 cc 代表电场中的三个等势面，实线为一带正电的质点仅在电场力的作用下通过该区域时的运动轨迹， PP 、 QQ 为这条轨迹上先后经过的两个点，由此可知（ ）A ．三个等势面中， aa 电势最高B ．质点在 QQ 点时，加速度较大C ．带电质点通过 PP 点时动能较大D ．质点通过 QQ 点时电势能较小二、实验题（每空2分，共18分）12.如图所示，在水平放置的光滑金属板中心正上方有一带正电的点电荷Q ，另一表面绝缘，带正电的小球（可视为质点，且不影响原电场）自左以初速度 vv 0在金属板上向右运动，在运动过程中（ ）A ．小球做先减速后加速运动B ．小球做匀速直线运动C ．小球受到的静电力做功不为零D ．小球受到的静电力做功为零13.观察静电感应现象的操作如下。
山东省济宁市实验中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考数学试题
山东省济宁市实验中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考数学试题一、单选题1．以下事件是随机事件的是（ ）A ．标准大气压下，水加热到100C ︒，必会沸腾B ．走到十字路口，遇到红灯C ．长和宽分别为,a b 的矩形，其面积为abD ．实系数一元一次方程必有一实根2．抽查10件产品，设事件A ：至少有两件次品，则A 的对立事件为 A ．至多两件次品 B ．至多一件次品 C ．至多两件正品D ．至少两件正品3．两名同学分3本不同的书，其中一人没有分到书，另一人分得3本书的概率为（ ）A ．12B ．14C ．13D ．164．掷一个骰子的试验，事件A 表示“小于5的偶数点出现”，事件B 表示“小于5的点数出现”，则一次试验中事件A B +发生的概率为（ ）A ．13B ．12C ．23D ．565．直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，若1,,CA a CB b CC c ===u u u r u u u r u u u u r r r r ，则1A B =u u u r（ ）A ．a b c +-r r rB ．a b c -+r r rC ．a b c -++r r rD ．a b c -+-r r r6．已知空间向量0a b c ++=r r r r，2a =r ，3b =r ，4c =r ，则cos ,a b =r r （ ） A ．12B ．13C ．12-D ．147．端午节放假，甲回老家过节的概率为13，乙,丙回老家过节的概率分别为11,45.假定三人的行动相互之间没有影响，那么这段时间内至少1人回老家过节的概率为（ ） A ．5960B ．35C ．12D ．1608．在调查运动员是否服用过兴奋剂的时候，给出两个问题作答，无关紧要的问题是：“你的身份证号码的尾数是奇数吗？”敏感的问题是：“你服用过兴奋剂吗？”然后要求被调查的运动员掷一枚硬币，如果出现正面，就回答第一个问题，否则回答第二个问题．由于回答哪一个问题只有被测试者自己知道，所以应答者一般乐意如实地回答问题．如我们把这种方法用于300个被调查的运动员，得到80个“是”的回答，则这群人中服用过兴奋剂的百分率大约为（ ） A ．4.33%B ．3.33%C ．3.44%D ．4.44%二、多选题9．在平行六面体ABCD A B C D -''''中，若AB 所在直线的方向向量为(2,1,3)-，则C D ''所在直线的方向向量可能为（ ） A ．(2,1,3) B ．(2,1,3)-- C ．(4,2,6)-D ．(4,2,6)-10．下列各组事件中，是互斥事件的是（ ）A ．一个射手进行一次射击，命中环数大于8与命中环数小于6B ．统计一个班的数学成绩，平均分不低于90分与平均分不高于90分C ．播种100粒菜籽，发芽90粒与发芽80粒D ．检验某种产品，合格率高于70%与合格率低于70%11．已知点P 为三棱锥O ABC -的底面ABC 所在平面内的一点，且12OP OA mOB nOC =+-u u u ru u ur u u u ru u u r（m ，n R ∈），则m ，n 的值可能为（ ）A ．1m =，12n =-B ．12m =，1n = C ．12m =-，1n =- D ．32m =，1n =三、填空题12．从长度分别为2,3,4,5的四条线段中任意取出三条，则以这三条线段为边可以构成三角形的概率是．13．已知事件A ，B ，C 两两互斥，且()0.3P A =，()0.6P B =，()0.2P C =，则()P A B C ⋃⋃=．14．在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，122AB AA AD ===，以D 为原点，DA u u u r ，DC u u ur ，1DD u u u u r 方向分别为x 轴，y 轴，z 轴正方向建立空间直角坐标系，则1AC =u u u u r，若点P 为线段AB 的中点，则P 到平面11A BC 距离为．四、解答题15．（1）已知2,3a b ==r r ，且a b ⊥r r求2a b a b +⋅r r r r （）（-） （2）已知a b a b +=-r r r r ，求a b ⋅r r16．已知某校甲、乙、丙三个年级的学生志愿者人数分别为240，160，160．现采用分层抽样的方法从中抽取７名同学去某敬老院参加献爱心活动． （Ⅰ）应从甲、乙、丙三个年级的学生志愿者中分别抽取多少人？（Ⅱ）设抽出的7名同学分别用A ，B ，C ，D ，E ，F ，G 表示，现从中随机抽取2名同学承担敬老院的卫生工作．（i ）试用所给字母列举出所有可能的抽取结果；（ii ）设M 为事件“抽取的2名同学来自同一年级”，求事件M 发生的概率．17．甲、乙二人进行一次围棋比赛，采用5局3胜制，约定先胜3局者获得这次比赛的胜利，同时比赛结束．假设在一局中，甲获胜的概率为0.6，乙获胜的概率为0.4，各局比赛结果相互独立．已知前2局中，甲、乙各胜1局． (1)求再赛2局结束这次比赛的概率； (2)求甲获得这次比赛胜利的概率．18．如图所示，已知正方形ABCD 和矩形ACEF 所在的平面互相垂直，AB AF ＝1，M 是线段EF 的中点．求证：(1)AM ∥平面BDE ；(2)AM ⊥平面BDF.19．在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，11AA AD ==，E 为线段CD 中点．(1)求直线1B E 与直线1AD 所成的角的余弦值；(2)在棱1AA 上是否存在一点P ，使得//DP 平面1B AE ？若存在，求AP 的长；若不存在，说明理由．。
河南省平顶山市叶县高级中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考英语试卷
河南省平顶山市叶县高级中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考英语试卷一、听力选择题1．What did the woman buy for her mum?A．A hat.B．A coat.C．A T- shirt.2．What does the man like doing?A．Travelling alone.B．Joining a guided tour.C．Backpacking with friends. 3．Why is the woman broke at the end of the month?A．She likes shopping.B．She doesn't work hard.C．She earns little money. 4．What time will the man’s party probably start?A．At 7: 30 p.m.B．At 8: 00 p.m.C．At 11: 00 p.m.5．Where are the speakers probably?A．In a hospital.B．In the police office.C．On the street.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．What should the woman do to order checks?A．Wait in a line.B．Fill in a form.C．Check the mail.7．When will the woman probably get the check?A．In two days.B．In four days.C．In a week.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．What is the man’s attitude towards art class?A．Favourable.B．Unconcerned.C．Worried.9．What does the woman mean about talent?A．She wants to be a painter too.B．She knows how to draw and paint.C．She hopes she could have some kind of talent.10．What are the speakers mainly talking about?A．The man’s hobby.B．The talent of the woman.C．The woman’s favourite class.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
山东省济宁市2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考数学试题含答案
济宁市高二年级第一学期九月模块测试数学试题（答案在最后）注意事项：1．答卷前，先将自己的考生号等信息填写在试卷和答题纸上，并在答题纸规定位置贴条形码. 2．本试卷满分150分，分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷为第1页至第2页，第Ⅱ卷为第3页至第4页.3．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用28铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑．如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.4．非选择题的作答：用0.5mm黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内.写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效.第Ⅰ卷（选择题）一、单项选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1.以下事件是随机事件的是（）A.标准大气压下，水加热到100C ，必会沸腾B.走到十字路口，遇到红灯C.长和宽分别为,a b的矩形，其面积为abD.实系数一元一次方程必有一实根【答案】B【解析】【分析】根据随机事件的概念判断即可【详解】解：A．标准大气压下，水加热到100℃必会沸腾，是必然事件；故本选项不符合题意；B．走到十字路口，遇到红灯，是随机事件；故本选项符合题意；C．长和宽分别为,a b的矩形，其面积为ab是必然事件；故本选项不符合题意；D．实系数一元一次方程必有一实根，是必然事件．故本选项不符合题意．故选：B．2.抽查10件产品，设事件A：至少有两件次品，则A的对立事件为A.至多两件次品B.至多一件次品C.至多两件正品D.至少两件正品【答案】B【解析】【详解】试题分析：事件A 不包含没有次品或只有一件次品，即都是正品或一件次品9件正品，所以事件A 的对立事件为至多一件次品．故B 正确．考点：对立事件．3.两名同学分3本不同的书，其中一人没有分到书，另一人分得3本书的概率为（）A.12B.14C.13D.16【答案】B 【解析】【分析】列举出所有的可能事件，结合古典概型概率计算公式，计算出所求概率.【详解】两名同学分3本不同的书，记为,,a b c ，基本事件有(0，3)，(1a ，2)，(1b ，2)，(1c ，2)，(2，1a )，(2，1b )，(2，1c )，(3，0)，共8个，其中一人没有分到书，另一人分到3本书的基本事件有2个，∴一人没有分到书，另一人分得3本书的概率p ＝28＝14.故选:B4.掷一个骰子的试验，事件A 表示“小于5的偶数点出现”，事件B 表示“小于5的点数出现”，则一次试验中事件A B +发生的概率为（）A.13B.12C.23D.56【答案】C 【解析】【分析】由互斥事件的概率可知(()(1())P A B P A P B +=+-，从而得解.【详解】由已知得：1()3P A =，2()3P B =，事件B 表示“小于5的点数出现”，则事件B 表示“出现5点或6点”故事件A 与事件B 互斥，122()()(1())(1)333P A B P A P B ∴+=+-=+-=故选：C5.直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，若1,,CA a CB b CC c ===，则1A B = （）A.a b c+-r r r B.a b c-+r r r C.a b c -++D.a b c-+- 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】由空间向量线性运算法则即可求解．【详解】()11111A A B B a b B A B c CC C CB =+=-+=-+--+.故选：D ．6.已知空间向量0a b c ++=，2a = ，3b = ，4c = ，则cos ,a b = （）A.12B.13C.12-D.14【答案】D 【解析】【分析】设,,AB a BC b CA c ===，在ABC V 中由余弦定理求解.【详解】空间向量0a b c ++= ，2a = ，3b = ，4c =，则,,a b c三向量可能构成三角形的三边.如图，设,,AB a BC b CA c === 2a = ，则ABC V 中，||2,||3,||4AB BC CA === 2a =，222||||cos ,cos 2AB BC CA a b ABC AB BC+-∴=-∠=-⨯⨯ 491612234+-=-=⨯⨯.故选：D7.端午节放假，甲回老家过节的概率为13，乙,丙回老家过节的概率分别为11,45.假定三人的行动相互之间没有影响，那么这段时间内至少1人回老家过节的概率为（）A.5960 B.35 C.12 D.160【答案】B【解析】【分析】这段时间内至少1人回老家过节的对立事件是这段时间没有人回老家过节，由此能求出这段时间内至少1人回老家过节的概率.【详解】端午节放假，甲回老家过节的概率为13，乙,丙回老家过节的概率分别为11,45.假定三人的行动相互之间没有影响，这段时间内至少1人回老家过节的对立事件是这段时间没有人回老家过节，∴这段时间内至少1人回老家过节的概率为：1113 11113455 p⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=----=⎪⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭.故选：B.8.在调查运动员是否服用过兴奋剂的时候，给出两个问题作答，无关紧要的问题是：“你的身份证号码的尾数是奇数吗？”敏感的问题是：“你服用过兴奋剂吗？”然后要求被调查的运动员掷一枚硬币，如果出现正面，就回答第一个问题，否则回答第二个问题．由于回答哪一个问题只有被测试者自己知道，所以应答者一般乐意如实地回答问题．如我们把这种方法用于300个被调查的运动员，得到80个“是”的回答，则这群人中服用过兴奋剂的百分率大约为（）A.4.33%B.3.33%C.3.44%D.4.44%【答案】B【解析】【分析】推理出回答第一个问题的150人中大约有一半人，即75人回答了“是”，故回答服用过兴奋剂的人有5人，从而得到答案.【详解】因为抛硬币出现正面朝上的概率为12，大约有150人回答第一个问题，又身份证号码的尾数是奇数或偶数是等可能的，在回答第一个问题的150人中大约有一半人，即75人回答了“是”，共有80个“是”的回答，故回答服用过兴奋剂的人有5人，因此我们估计这群人中，服用过兴奋剂的百分率大约为5150≈3.33%.故选：B二、多项选择题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多项符合题目要求．全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得部分分，有选错的得0分．9.在平行六面体ABCD A B C D -''''中，若AB 所在直线的方向向量为(2,1,3)-，则C D ''所在直线的方向向量可能为（）A.(2,1,3)B.(2,1,3)--C.(4,2,6)-D.(4,2,6)-【答案】BC 【解析】【分析】由已知可得//AB C D ''，所以它们的方向向量共线，利用向量共线的坐标关系，即可判断各个选项.【详解】由已知可得//AB C D ''，故它们的方向向量共线，对于B 选项，(2,1,3)(2,1,3)--=--，满足题意；对于C 选项，(4,2,6)2(2,1,3)-=-，满足题意；由于A 、D 选项不满足题意．故选：BC.10.下列各组事件中，是互斥事件的是（）A.一个射手进行一次射击，命中环数大于8与命中环数小于6B.统计一个班的数学成绩，平均分不低于90分与平均分不高于90分C.播种100粒菜籽，发芽90粒与发芽80粒D.检验某种产品，合格率高于70%与合格率低于70%【答案】ACD 【解析】【分析】根据互斥事件的定义，两个事件不会同时发生，命中环数大于8与命中环数小于6，发芽90粒与发芽80粒，合格率高于0070与合格率为0070均为互斥事件，而平均分数不低于90分与平均分数不高于90分，当平均分为90分时可同时发生，即得解.【详解】根据互斥事件的定义，两个事件不会同时发生，对于A ，一个射手进行一次射击，命中环数大于8与命中环数小于6,为互斥事件；对于B ，统计一个班级数学期中考试成绩，平均分数不低于90分与平均分数不高于90分当平均分为90分时可同时发生，不为互斥事件；对于C ，播种菜籽100粒，发芽90粒与发芽80粒,为互斥事件；对于D ，检查某种产品，合格率高于0070与合格率为0070,为互斥事件；故选：ACD.11.已知点P 为三棱锥O ABC -的底面ABC 所在平面内的一点，且12OP OA mOB nOC =+-（m ，n R ∈），则m ，n 的值可能为（）A.1m =，12n =- B.12m =，1n = C.12m =-，1n =- D.32m =，1n =【答案】CD 【解析】【分析】根据平面向量基本定理，结合空间向量加法的几何意义进行求解即可.【详解】因为点P 为三棱锥O ABC -的底面ABC 所在平面内的一点，所以由平面向量基本定理可知：()()AP y AC z AB AO OP y AO OC z AO OB =+⇒+=+++ ，化简得：(1)OP y z OA yOC zOB =--++，显然有11y z y z --++=，而12OP OA mOB nOC =+- ，所以有11122m n m n +-=⇒-=，当1m =，12n =-时，32m n -=，所以选项A 不可能；当12m =，1n =时，12m n -=-，所以选项B 不可能；当12m =-，1n =-时，12m n -=，所以选项C 可能；当32m =，1n =时，12m n -=，所以选项D 可能，故选：CD第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）三．填空题：本题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分．12.从长度分别为2,3,4,5的四条线段中任意取出三条，则以这三条线段为边可以构成三角形的概率是________．【答案】34【解析】【详解】从长度分别为2,3,4,5的四条线段中任意取出三条这一事件共有4种，而不能构成三角形的情形为2,3,5.所以这三条线段为边可以构成三角形的概率是P ＝34.13.已知事件A ，B ，C 两两互斥，且()0.3P A =，()0.6P B =，()0.2P C =，则()P A B C ⋃⋃=______．【答案】0.9##910【解析】【分析】由互斥事件与对立事件的相关公式求解【详解】由题意得()1()0.4P B P B =-=，则()()()()0.9P A P P A B C B P C ⋃⋃=++=．故答案为：0.914.在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，122AB AA AD ===，以D 为原点，DA ，DC ，1DD方向分别为x 轴，y 轴，z 轴正方向建立空间直角坐标系，则1AC =______，若点P 为线段AB 的中点，则P 到平面11A BC 距离为______．【答案】①.(1,2,2)-②.6【解析】【分析】第一空，根据向量的坐标运算可得答案；第二空，求出平面11A BC 的法向量，利用向量法求点到平面的距离即可得解.【详解】如图，建立空间直角坐标系，因为122AB AA AD ===，则(1,0,0)A ，1(0,2,2)C ，1(1,0,2)A ，(1,2,0)B ，(1,1,0)P ，所以1(1,2,2)AC =- ，11(1,2,0)A C =- ，1(0,2,2)A B =- ，(0,1,0)PB =，设平面11A BC 的法向量为(,,)n x y z = ，则11100A B n A C n ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩，即22020y z x y -=⎧⎨-+=⎩，令1y =，则2,1x z ==，故(2,1,1)n =，则P 到平面11A BC距离为66n PB d n⋅== .故答案为：(1,2,2)-；66.四．解答题：本题共5小题，共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.（1）已知2,3a b == ，且a b ⊥ 求2a b a b +⋅（）（-）（2）已知a b a b +=- ，求a b⋅ 【答案】（1）1-（2）0【解析】【分析】（1）由已知，利用向量数量积运算，结合向量垂直的向量表示即可求解；（2）由a b a b +=-，两边平方，展开运算即可.【详解】（1）因为2,3a b == ，且a b ⊥ ，所以22222222031a b a b a a b b +⋅+⋅-=⨯+-=- （）（-）=.（2）因为a b a b +=- ，则22a b a b +=- ，所以222222a a b b a a b b +⋅+=-⋅+ ，化简得22a b a b ⋅=-⋅ ，所以0a b ⋅=.16.已知某校甲、乙、丙三个年级的学生志愿者人数分别为240，160，160．现采用分层抽样的方法从中抽取７名同学去某敬老院参加献爱心活动．（Ⅰ）应从甲、乙、丙三个年级的学生志愿者中分别抽取多少人？（Ⅱ）设抽出的7名同学分别用A ，B ，C ，D ，E ，F ，G 表示，现从中随机抽取2名同学承担敬老院的卫生工作．（i ）试用所给字母列举出所有可能的抽取结果；（ii）设M为事件“抽取的2名同学来自同一年级”，求事件M发生的概率．【答案】（1）3，2，2（2）（i）见解析（ii）5 21【解析】【详解】分析：（Ⅰ）结合人数的比值可知应从甲、乙、丙三个年级的学生志愿者中分别抽取3人，2人，2人．（Ⅱ）（i）由题意列出所有可能的结果即可，共有21种．（ii）由题意结合（i）中的结果和古典概型计算公式可得事件M发生的概率为P（M）=5 21．详解：（Ⅰ）由已知，甲、乙、丙三个年级的学生志愿者人数之比为3∶2∶2，由于采用分层抽样的方法从中抽取7名同学，因此应从甲、乙、丙三个年级的学生志愿者中分别抽取3人，2人，2人．（Ⅱ）（i）从抽出的7名同学中随机抽取2名同学的所有可能结果为{A，B}，{A，C}，{A，D}，{A，E}，{A，F}，{A，G}，{B，C}，{B，D}，{B，E}，{B，F}，{B，G}，{C，D}，{C，E}，{C，F}，{C，G}，{D，E}，{D，F}，{D，G}，{E，F}，{E，G}，{F，G}，共21种．（ii）由（Ⅰ），不妨设抽出的7名同学中，来自甲年级的是A，B，C，来自乙年级的是D，E，来自丙年级的是F，G，则从抽出的7名同学中随机抽取的2名同学来自同一年级的所有可能结果为{A，B}，{A，C}，{B，C}，{D，E}，{F，G}，共5种．所以，事件M发生的概率为P（M）=5 21．点睛：本小题主要考查随机抽样、用列举法计算随机事件所含的基本事件数、古典概型及其概率计算公式等基本知识．考查运用概率知识解决简单实际问题的能力．17.甲、乙二人进行一次围棋比赛，采用5局3胜制，约定先胜3局者获得这次比赛的胜利，同时比赛结束．假设在一局中，甲获胜的概率为0.6，乙获胜的概率为0.4，各局比赛结果相互独立．已知前2局中，甲、乙各胜1局．（1）求再赛2局结束这次比赛的概率；（2）求甲获得这次比赛胜利的概率．【答案】（1）0.52（2）0.648【解析】【分析】（1）再赛2局结束这次比赛分“第三、四局甲胜”与“第三、四局乙胜”两类情况，根据根据互斥事件的概率和及独立事件同时发生的概率求解可得；（2）由题意，甲获得这次比赛胜利只需后续比赛中甲先胜两局即可，根据互斥事件的概率和及独立事件同时发生的概率求解即可.【小问1详解】用i A 表示事件“第i 局甲胜”，j B 表示事件“第j 局乙胜”（,3,4,5i j =），设“再赛2局结束这次比赛”为事件A ，则3434A A A B B =+，由于各局比赛结果相互独立，且事件34A A 与事件34B B 互斥.所以()()()()()()()()343434343434P A P A A B B P A A P B B P A P A P B P B =+=+=+0.60.60.40.40.52=⨯+⨯=．故再赛2局结束这次比赛的概率为0.52.【小问2详解】记“甲获得这次比赛胜利”为事件B ，因前两局中，甲、乙各胜一局，故甲成为胜方当且仅当在后面的比赛中，甲先胜2局，从而34345345B A A B A A A B A =++，由于各局比赛结果相互独立，且事件34A A ，345B A A ，345A B A 两两互斥，所以()0.60.60.40.60.60.60.40.60.648P B =⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯=.故甲获得这次比赛胜利的概率为0.648.18.如图所示，已知正方形ABCD 和矩形ACEF 所在的平面互相垂直，ABAF ＝1，M 是线段EF 的中点．求证：(1)AM ∥平面BDE ；(2)AM ⊥平面BDF.【答案】（1）见解析（2）见解析【解析】【详解】(1)建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系，设AC∩BD ＝N ，连结NE.则N 22,,022⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，E(0，0，1)，220)，M 22,,122⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.∴NE ＝22,,122⎛⎫-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，AM ＝22,,122⎛⎫-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.∴NE ＝AM 且NE 与AM 不共线．∴NE ∥AM.∵NE ⊂平面BDE ，AM ⊄平面BDE ，∴AM ∥平面BDE.(2)由(1)知AM ＝22,,122⎛⎫-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，∵2，0，0)，22，1)，∴DF ＝(02，1)，∴AM ·DF＝0，∴AM ⊥DF.同理AM ⊥BF.又DF∩BF ＝F ，∴AM ⊥平面BDF.19.在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，11AA AD ==，E 为线段CD 中点．（1）求直线1B E 与直线1AD 所成的角的余弦值；（2）在棱1AA 上是否存在一点P ，使得//DP 平面1B AE ？若存在，求AP 的长；若不存在，说明理由．【答案】（1）0（2）存在，12AP =【解析】【分析】（1）建立空间直角坐标系，设AB a =，写出点的坐标，求出110B E AD ⋅= ，得到异面直线夹角余弦值为0；（2）设()00,0,P z ，求出平面1B AE 的一个法向量1,,2a n a ⎛⎫=-- ⎪⎝⎭，根据0DP n ⋅= 得到方程，求出12z =，故存在点P ，使得//DP 平面1B AE ，此时12AP =.【小问1详解】以A 为坐标原点，1,,AB AD AA 所在直线分别为,,x y z轴，建立空间直角坐标系，设AB a =，则()()()11,0,1,,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,12a B a E A D ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，故()()()()11,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,10,0,00,1,122a a B E a AD ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-=--=-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ ，则()11,1,10,1,11102a B E AD ⎛⎫⋅=--⋅=-= ⎪⎝⎭，故直线1B E 与直线1AD 所成的角的余弦值为0；【小问2详解】存在满足要求的点P ，理由如下：设棱1AA 上存在点()00,0,P z ，使得//DP 平面1B AE ，0,1,0，则()00,1,DP z =- ，设平面1B AE 的一个法向量为(),,n x y z =，则()()()1,,,0,10,,,1,0022n AB x y z a ax z a a n AE x y z x y ⎧⋅=⋅=+=⎪⎨⎛⎫⋅=⋅=+= ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩，取1x =得,2a y z a =-=-，故1,,2a n a ⎛⎫=-- ⎪⎝⎭，要使//DP 平面1B AE ，则n DP ⊥，即()00,1,1,,02a DP n z a ⎛⎫⋅=-⋅--= ⎪⎝⎭ ，所以002a az -=，解得012z =，故存在点P ，使得//DP 平面1B AE ，此时12AP =.。
山东省济宁市实验高中2024-2025学年高二上学期9月份月考英语试卷
山东省济宁市实验高中2024-2025学年高二上学期9月份月考英语试卷一、阅读理解Learn about programs, events and much more for students of your age to get opportunities.Youth and Non-Violent Direct ActionTime: October 18 and November 1,2023Contact: Robert CroonquistThis interactive workshop for school groups will teach how to appeal to the government for change and how to create safe, non-violent direct action. Students will meet in small groups to discuss issues that are important to them. The fee to participate is $5 per student.Attend a FREE Architecture and Design College FairTime: October 28,2023Contact: Mary Lib SchmidtHigh school students are invited to learn more about applying to architecture school. Representatives from over 30 colleges, universities, and design programs will meet with students and answer questions. The event will be held from 11am-3pm.Seeds of Knowledge: Teen Tour and Natural Bath Bomb Making WorkshopTime: October 26,2023Contact: Nicole LeistParticipants will look at 15th- to-17th-century printed herbals on display and learn how modern practitioners （医师）create beneficial natural products today. Teens will create bath bombs using all organic materials. This program is intended only for teens aged 13 to 18. FREE with advance registration.FREE Saturday Leadership Program for Hispanic YouthTime: November 2023 through March 2024Contact: Lisa PinedaIt is a FREE Saturday program serving 100 students. It offers various leadership opportunities and resources with the goal of affirming students in cultural pride and increasing the Hispanic voice in government, community, and institutional spaces. Seats are limited.1．What can you learn about Youth and Non-Violent Direct Action?A．It lasts a fortnight.B．It is free of charge.C．It is organized by the government.D．It teaches legal ways to communicate.2．If you want to learn how to make a natural product, who should you contact?A．Robert Croonquist.B．Mary Lib Schmidt.C．Nicole Leist.D．Lisa Pineda.3．Which activity limits the number of participants?A．Youth and Non-Violent Direct Action.B．Attend a FREE Architecture and Design College Fair.C．Seeds of Knowledge: Teen Tour and Natural Bath Bomb Making Workshop.D．FREE Saturday Leadership Program for Hispanic Youth.It is a bright cold day in April and Paul Blachut is busy as usual. From behind the bar of a restaurant, he has a good view of the river. He can see that, along the shore, many visitors are cooling their feet in the river.Among those are a mother and her two teenage daughters. They’re standing on the edge of the riverbank, playing with an inflatable (充气的)tube when, suddenly, the girls lose their footing and are caught in the river’s current. It all happens so fast. The girls desperately grab on to the tube, which their mother is sitting in, dragging her into the river, too. Now all three are being carried away by the fast current.A bystander races to the restaurant and shouted for help. Despite having no lifesaving training, Blachut rushes to the riverbank, quickly pulling off his T-shirt. Then he jumps into the river. He doesn’t care about the cold; all he can think about is saving the women.As Blachut gets closer to them, he can tell that the mother seems to be in the most trouble; her head is now submerged. He recalls how a lifeguard saves people in a movie so he tries this, but in vain. Without hesitation, Blachut dives under the drowning woman, pushing her upward and using that momentum (冲力) to push her toward the shore. Then he dives into the current again, swims quickly downstream and manages to get hold of one of the teenagers, and get her out in the same way he did her mother. He is out of strength and luckily, the girl’s sister is helped out by someone else.Several onlookers express their admiration for Blachut following the incident, but he is modest about his role. “The whole rescue only took two or three minutes” he says today, adding that he is happy to have received high praise from his boss for his courage. Indeed, it was a job very well done.4．What might Blachut be?A．A visitor.B．A waiter.C．The boss.D．A lifeguard. 5．What happens to the mother of two teenagers?A．She loses her footing while playing.B．She is dragged into the river by accident.C．She jumps into the river to save her daughters.D．She loses control of the tube and flows with it.6．What is the key factor in this successful rescue?A．Blachut’s rich lifesaving experience.B．The method Blachut recalls in a movie.C．The slow speed of the river current.D．Blachut’s ability to make quick decisions. 7．In which section of a newspaper may the text appear?A．Health.B．Travel.C．Inspiration.D．Entertainment.To humans, roads mean connection and escape; to other life-forms, they spell death and division. A half-century ago, just 3 percent of land animals met their end on a road; by 2017 the number had greatly doubled.Considering the outsize effects of roads, it’s perhaps surprising that they didn’t truly receive their scientific due until the late 20th century. In 1993, Richard Forman, a landscape ecologist, coined an English term: “road ecology,” defined loosely as the study of how “life changes for plants and animals with a road and traffic nearby.” As the 1990s wore on, road ecology gained steam.Like most people, I at once cherish animals and think nothing of piloting a 3,000-pounddeath machine. One summer, in Alaska, I hit a songbird–a death I didn’t discover until I found the delicate splash of feathers the next day. I’d killed it unconsciously. But I could do nothing.Road ecology offers one path through this thicket (灌木丛). North America and Europe constructed their road networks with little regard for how they would affect nature. Today, intheory, we know better. Road ecology has revealed the danger of thoughtless development and pointed us toward solutions. Over the last several decades, its practitioners have constructed bridges for bears, tunnels (隧道) for turtles. In Kenya, elephants move slowly beneath highways and railroads via passages as tall as two-story houses.And road ecology has yielded more than crossings: We’ve also learned to map and protect the migrations of certain animals, to design roadsides that nourish bees and butterflies– proof that old mistakes need not be permanent.Today we’re entering a period that might fairly be considered the golden age of road ecology. The coming years will undoubtedly be transformative ones for our road network. Still, whether we can ever truly undo the harms of our concrete-coated world is far less certain. 8．What may be the reason for the doubled death number by 2017?A．Road noises.B．Traffic accidents.C．Natural disasters.D．Hunting activities. 9．What did the author want to tell us by the experience in Alaska in Paragraph 3?A．Songbirds were common in that area.B．The songbird’s death was undervalued.C．Driving a car was necessary for his job.D．He was much troubled by the songbird. 10．Which best describes the impact of road ecology?A．Far-reaching.B．One-sided.C．Short-lived.D．Unnoticeable. 11．What is the most suitable title for the text?A．How Roads Have Transformed the Natural World B．What Measures Should Be Taken to Protect AnimalsC．How Road Ecology Will Change the Future World D．What Difficulties Humans face in Road ConstructionIn the days before the internet, critical thinking was the most important skill that informed citizens could have. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a German psychologist, an even more important skill is “critical ignoring.” With such an overabundance of information, we need to first decide what’s worth our attention and time, and what’s not.The first strategy is self-nudging. This involves avoiding low-quality information so that we have more quality time for ourselves. It also involves the removal of distracting things from the environment around you. Of course, we need to stay informed of world events, so we can’t justignore the internet altogether. When you do go into social media, Kozyreva recommends setting time limits, which prevents you from losing track of time as you click on one attractive link after another.The next strategy is lateral (横向的) reading. Its purpose is to improve judgments about the reliability of information, and to protect you from false and misleading information. The strategy involves opening a new web page to find out more about the source of the information. Likewise, it’s also good to check the source of the information in an internet post. Headlines are often cheating. They’re designed to attract attention, not provide information. The main idea of the article may be completely contrary to the implication in the headline. A sensational claim may provide a link with a headline that seems to support it, but a careful reading of the original source shows it doesn’t.We live in a digital age in which we’re overwhelmed with information, much of it of poor quality. Train our critical ignoring skills and we can get the benefits of the internet while we avoid falling victim to those who try to control our attention.12．Which of the following saying can best describe “critical ignoring”?A．Rob Peter to pay Paul.B．Make something out of nothing.C．Birds of a feather flock together.D．Separate the sheep from the goats. 13．What does the author suggest for applying self-nudging strategy?A．Improving study equipment.B．Managing our own time well.C．Avoiding access to social media.D．Staying informed of what happened. 14．How can we get the reliable information of an article?A．By focusing on headlines.B．By reading posts at random.C．By searching for original sources.D．By consulting authorities for advice. 15．What is the purpose of writing the text?A．To clarify a concept.B．To promote an app.C．To describe a scene.D．To make a proposal.In Russia, guests almost receive a warm welcome. People in the country go out of their way to make sure visitors have everything. In ancient Russia, bread and salt symbolized boom and health, so hosts would put on their best clothes and offer bread together with salt to their guests.16 No bread at home means there’s nothing to eat — no meal doesn’t include bread. “Bread is the staff of life” is probably the most famous Russian proverb.Today, there is no shortage of salt in the world. 17 During the mid-17th century the rising price of salt led to riots (暴乱) in Moscow. The salt tax was completely abolished (废除) at the end of the 19th century — only afterwards did salt become affordable. 18 According to tradition, guests are greeted by ladies in national costumes with a large round loaf on a towel with a salt shaker on top. The guests should carefully break off a piece of the bread, dip it in the salt and eat. 19 An old belief is that if the worst of enemies share bread and salt, they will reconcile (和解).In today’s Russia, this tradition is still popular. It can be witnessed during official receptions, as well as in restaurants prepared for foreign tourists. 20 Parents of the newlyweds welcome their children with bread and salt after the ceremony. The husband and wife should break off a piece of bread, dip it in salt, and feed each other. This is a sign that they are ready to share any difficulties in life and always take care of each other.A．It was believed this gesture expressed rudeness.B．Bread in Russia culture is considered an important thing.C．Most often you can see this at traditional Russian weddings.D．Many foreigners visiting Russia have come across a strange welcome.E．This signals that a friendship has been formed between the two parties.F．But in ancient Russia, it was rather expensive and not everyone could afford it.G．That’s why Russians kept it for special occasions, like when they received guests.二、完形填空I opened the door of our campervan (房车). My two cats, Gatinha and Jon Snow, 21 down the stairs and onto the grass. In the distance, the sea 22 before me and the sun’s rays danced on the surface, creating a/an 23 display of light and shadow.A month earlier, Wade, 35, and I thought we were ready for our travel in 24 . So we25 our office jobs to travel around Australia in our truck that we’d transformed into a 26 on wheels. Besides saving for the trip, we’d set up a website to 27 money while we weretravelling, along with renting out our home.Knowing we couldn’t leave our two rescue cats behind, we decided to bring them with us. After doing some 28 , I discovered that seeing cats on the road is 29 but we didn’t let it stop us. To 30 the cats to their new home, we brought them into the van while we worked. Finally, we were on the way to travel.For the first few days they 31 the inside of the van, but as days turned to weeks, they gradually grew more 32 . It wasn’t long before they were curiously sniffing the grass.33 , neither of the cats have ever walked far and we 34 them to wander freely.Looking back, 35 the city life to travel around was the best decision we ever made, and our cats make the perfect companions!21．A．jumped B．bent C．fell D．stopped 22．A．shouted B．stretched C．folded D．disappeared 23．A．heartbreaking B．imaginary C．breathtaking D．disturbing 24．A．time B．budget C．energy D．facility 25．A．quit B．ignored C．took D．changed 26．A．library B．school C．home D．hotel 27．A．make B．save C．collect D．donate 28．A．practice B．thought C．discussion D．research 29．A．common B．fascinating C．rare D．natural 30．A．force B．adapt C．move D．lead 31．A．focused on B．messed up C．stuck to D．escaped from 32．A．dependent B．anxious C．confident D．tolerant 33．A．Amazingly B．Suddenly C．Regretfully D．Doubtfully 34．A．ordered B．reminded C．taught D．trusted 35．A．exchanging B．choosing C．abandoning D．experiencing三、单词拼写36．It is not right to e a person on the basis of appearance. （根据首字母单词拼写）37．Men m for what they have lost; women for what they don’t get. （根据首字母单词拼写）38．I would have gone to your birthday party last night, but I was not a then. （根据首字母单词拼写）39．The Wandering Earth, a 3-D film, is set in a d future, when the sun is about to destroy the Earth. （根据首字母单词拼写）40．We will have a further discussion before we draw a final c (根据首字母单词拼写) 41．One of the most crucial thing you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your (房产) neat, clean and in good repair.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）42．During his travels, he visited famous mountains and great rivers, (遇到) different customs and practices. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)43．As his best friend, I can guess what he will do or think (精确地). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）44．You’ll (逐步地) get better at it—it’s just a question of practice. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）45．Many groups of people around the world live happily in the (不在) of new technology. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）四、语法填空46．We actually make the majority of our food choices according to our (prefer). （所给词的适当形式填空）47．He refused to acknowledge (defeat)by the other competitor in the match. (所给词的适当形式填空)48．The professor (oppose) to carrying out the project made a comment on the report. （所给词的适当形式填空）49．Some people think that Confucius (孔子), lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C．, influenced the development of chopsticks (筷子).(用适当的词填空)50．As a consequence, they had to take a series of steps, none of was powerful enough to prevent the disaster.（用适当的词填空）五、书信写作51．鉴于近些年有些人提出要英语退出高考，“Youth”杂志现面向全国高中生征文，旨在了解年轻人对此的观点。
湖北省荆州中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考地理试题
湖北省荆州中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考地理试题（全卷满分100分，考试用时75分钟）一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
2023年5月30日，摄影爱好者王先生在黄山莲花峰观日出时拍摄了一张照片（如下图），太阳正好位于图中黄山松的两枝干之间。
据此完成1-3小题。
1．拍摄该照片时，王先生位于图中黄山松的A．东南方向B．东北方向C．西北方向D．西南方向2．下列日期中，在同一地点也可能拍到上图所示日出景观的是A．5月6日B．7月15日C．8月7日D．9月23日3．王先生看到照片后，认为如果他带着相机从原拍摄地点向右移动一小段距离，此时拍摄太阳与黄山松的相对位置不变，角度比刚才偏移5°，拍摄能达到更好的效果。
要实现这一愿望，王先生应选择再次拍摄的日期最可能是A．6月20日B．7月20日C．8月20日D．9月20日2020年12月27日夜间，山东省A市受天气影响实施交通管制，部分高速公路封闭，该天气现象一直持续到28日夜间才消失。
29日凌晨，A市出现降雪，交通管制持续。
下图为28—29日不同时刻亚洲局部海平面气压场分布图。
完成4-6小题。
4．推测28日高速公路封闭的原因是A．沙尘天气B．大雾C．道路结冰D．大风5．27日夜间到28日夜间，A市A．气压升高B．风向为偏南风C．气温升高D．产生持续性降水6．29日02时和29日14时该区域出现了两次降雪天气，关于这两次降雪天气叙述正确的是A．两者降雪都是冷锋过境形成B．29日14时比02时风速增大C．29日02时暖空气抬升形成降雪D．29日14时偏南风形成降雪非洲大陆有甲、乙、丙三个气象测站，三地纬度大致相当，气候类型相同，但由于所处海拔高度、离海洋远近不同，温度与降水量却存在一定差异。
完成7-9小题。
7．三个气象测站所在地的气候类型是A．北半球的地中海气候B．北半球的热带草原气候C．南半球的地中海气候D．南半球的热带草原气候8．三个测站部分月份降水较多，其主要原因是受到某一气压带或风带的影响。
山东省枣庄市第三中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考物理试题
山东省枣庄市第三中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考物理试题一、单选题1．关于电源，下列说法正确的是（）A．电源单位时间内向外提供的电能越多，表明电动势越大B．电源电动势大，电源对外提供电能的本领大C．电源内部，电流由负极流向正极，表明内部由负极到正极电势降低D．电动势为2V的电源，将1C正电荷从负极经电源内部移动到正极，静电力做功2J 2．小宇同学在探究电表改装时，取了两个满偏电流均为I g=1mA、内阻r g=30Ω的表头，分别改装成量程为0~3V的电压表和量程为0~0.6A的电流表。
下列操作正确的是（）A．改装成电压表应该串联一个2970Ω的定值电阻，改装成电流表应该并联一个0.15Ω的定值电阻B．改装成电压表应该并联一个2990Ω的定值电阻，改装成电流表应该串联一个0.15Ω的定值电阻C．改装成电压表应该串联一个2970Ω的定值电阻，改装成电流表应该并联一个0.05Ω的定值电阻D．改装成电压表应该并联一个2990Ω的定值电阻，改装成电流表应该串联一个0.05Ω的定值电阻3．交警使用的某型号酒精测试仪如图甲，其工作原理如图乙所示，传感器电阻R的电阻值随酒精气体浓度的增大而减小，电源的电动势为E、内阻为r，电路中的电表均为理想电表， 。
当一位酒驾驾驶员对着测试仪吹气时，下列说法中正确的是（）且0R rA．电压表的示数增大B．电流表的示数减小C．电源对外输出功率减小D．电压表示数变化量U∆与电流表示数变化量I∆的绝对值之比不变4．某同学将一直流电源的总功率、输出功率和电源内部的发热功率随电流I变化的图线画在同一坐标系内，如图所示，根据图线可知（）A．电源电动势为8VB．电源内阻为1ΩC．反映电源内部的发热功率变化的图线是bD．当电流为0.5A时，外电路的电阻为6Ω5．受奥斯特发现电流磁效应实验的启发，某兴趣小组用铁钉与漆包线绕制成电磁铁，电磁铁正上方的小磁针稳定后如图所示，下列说法正确的是（）A．导线B端接电源正极B．铁钉内磁场方向向右C．电磁铁右端为电磁铁的N极D．小磁针所在位置的磁场方向水平向左6．如图，四根与纸面垂直的长直导线a b c d、、、，位于边长为L的正方形四个顶点上，导线中通有大小相同的电流I，导线周围的磁场满足IB kr=，下列关于正方形中心O点的磁场大小和方向正确的是（）A ．L ，向上 BC D 7．如图所示，正方形闭合金属线框abcd 在足够大的匀强磁场中运动。
宁夏银川市第二十四中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考物理试题(无答案)
银川市第二十四中学2024—2025学年第一学期高二9月月考物理试卷第I 卷（选择题，共46分）一、单选题：（本题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）1．比值定义法，就是用两个基本的物理量的“比”来定义一个新的物理量的方法，下列表达式中不属于比值定义的是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．2．关于磁感应强度，下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．磁感应强度是用比值法定义的物理量，因此B 不与F 成正比，不与成反比B ．电流元在某点所受安培力的方向就是该点的磁场方向C ．若电流元在某点所受安培力为零，那么该点的磁感应强度也一定为零D ．放置在匀强磁场中长的通电导线，通过的电流，受到的安培力为，则该位置的磁感应强度大小就是3．已知匝数为n 的正方形线框，面积为S ，垂直于磁场放置在磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场中，如图所示，则穿过该线框的磁通量为（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．4．如图为一块手机电池背面的文字说明，下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．说明中的“”为能量单位B ．该电池充满电后所带电荷量为C ．该电池在工作时的电流为D ．若该电池以的电流工作，可连续工作5小时5．如图所示是“探究电磁感应的产生条件”的实验装置，下列情况中不会引起电流表指针偏转的是（）UI R =FE q =QC U =pE qϕ=F B IL=IL 1m 1A 1N 1TnBS Φ=BS Φ=Bn S Φ=BSΦ=mA h ⋅500mA h ⋅500mA 10mAA ．闭合开关时B ．断开开关时C ．闭合开关后一段时间D ．闭合开关后移动变阻器的滑片时6．当导线中分别通以图示方向的电流，小磁针静止时N 极指向读者的是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．7．无限长直导线在周围某点产生的磁场的磁感应强度大小与导线中电流大小成正比，与该点到导线的距离成反比．三根无限长直导线垂直纸面平行放置，分别位于直角三角形的三个顶点处．导线中通入大小分别为、和I 的恒定电流，方向如图所示P 为连线中点，则P 处磁感应强度方向为（ ）A ．水平向右B ．水平向左C ．竖直向下D ．竖直向上8．如图所示的电路中，电源内阻不可忽略．开关S 闭合后，在变阻器的滑动端向上滑动的过程中，下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．电压表与电流表的示数都增大B ．电压表与电流表的示数都减小C ．电压表的示数增大，电流表的示数减小D ．电压表的示数减小，电流表的示数增大9．如图所示，线圈平面与水平方向夹角，线圈平面面积为S ，共有匝，空间存在区域无限大的磁场，磁感线竖直向下，磁感应强度的大小为B ，设此时穿过线圈的磁通量为正，下列说法正确的是（）OMN 2I I 、MN 0R 60θ=︒A．通过线圈的磁通量为B ．若线圈以为轴逆时针转过，通过线圈的磁通量为C ．若线圈以为轴顺时针转过，通过线圈的磁通量为D ．若线圈以为轴顺时针转过，通过线圈磁通量的变化量为10．在如图所示的图像中，直线I 为某电源的路端电压与电流的关系图线，曲线Ⅱ为某一小灯泡L 的伏安特性曲线，曲线Ⅱ与直线I 的交点坐标为，该点的切线与横轴的交点坐标为，用该电源直接与小灯泡L 连接成闭合电路，由图像可知（ ）A ．电源电动势为B ．电源内阻为C ．小灯泡L 接入电源时的电阻为D ．小灯泡L 实际消耗的电功率为二、多选题：（本题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分．全部选对的得4分，不全的2分，错误的0分）11．如图所示的甲、乙两个电路，都是由一个灵敏电流计G 和一个变阻器R 组成，它们中一个是测电压的电压表，另一个是测电流的电流表，那么以下结论中正确的是（ ）甲 乙A ．甲表是电流表，R 增大时量程增大B ．甲表是电流表，R 增大时量程减小C ．乙表是电压表，R 增大时量程增大D ．乙表是电压装，R 增大时量程减小12．关于多用电表的使用，下列操作正确的是（ ）12nBS cd 60︒BScd 30︒BScd 120︒12BS U I -(1.5,0.75)(1.0,0)2.0V0.5Ω1.5Ω 1.125W甲 乙 丙 丁A ．测电压时，应按图甲连接方式测量B ．测电流时，应按图乙连接方式测量C ．测电阻时，应按图丙连接方式测量D ．测二极管的正向电阻时，应按图丁连接方式测量13．干电池的电动势为，其意义为（ ）A ．在电源内部把正电荷从负极搬到正极，非静电力做功B ．在电源内部把正电荷从负极搬到正极，静电力做功C ．该电池比电动势为的锌汞电池非静电力做功本领强D ．干电池在内将的化学能转化为电能14．如图甲所示的电路中，均为定值电阻，且为滑动变阻器．当其滑片P 从最左端滑至最右端时，测得电源的路端电压随干路电流变化图线如图乙所示，则（ ）甲 乙A ．定值电阻B ．电源的电动势C ．时，电源的输出功率最大D ．时，消耗的功率最大Ⅱ卷（共54分）三、实验题（18分）（每空2分，将答案填入答题卡中）15．在“测定金属的电阻率”的实验中：（1）用游标卡尺测量其长度，由图可知其长度为_______；（2）用螺旋测微器测量其直径，由图可知其直径为_______．（3）若本实验中，测得金属丝的长度为L ，直径为D ，电阻为，则该金属丝的电阻率的计算式为1.5V 1C 1.5J1C 1.5J1.2V 1s 1.5J 12R R 、3110,R R =Ω22R =Ω6VE =32R =Ω32R =Ω3R mm mm x R ρ=_______．16．（1）某实验小组使用多用电表测量电学中的物理量．①甲同学用实验室的多用电表进行某次测量时，指针在表盘的位置如图所示．若所选挡位为直流挡，则示数为_______；若所选挡位为“”挡，则示数为_______．②乙同学用该表正确测量了一个约的电阻后，需要继续测量一个阻值约的电阻．在测量这个电阻之前，请选择以下必须的操作步骤，其合理的顺序是_______（填字母代号）．A ．将红表笔和黑表笔短接B ．把选择开关旋转到“n”挡C ．把选择开关旋转到“”挡D ．调节欧姆调零旋钮使表针指向欧姆零点（2）在测量电源电动势和内电阻的实验中，有电压表V （量程为，内阻约）；电流表A （量程为，内阻约为）；滑动变阻器．为了更准确地测出电源电动势和内阻设计了如图所示的电路图．①在实验中测得多组电压和电流值，得到如图所示的图线，由图可得该电源电动势_______V ，内阻_______．（结果保留两位有效数字）②一位同学对以上实验进行了误差分析．其中正确的是_______．A ．实验产生的系统误差，主要是由于电压表的分流作用B ．实验产生的系统误差，主要是由于电流表的分压作用C ．实验测出的电动势小于真实值D ．实验测出的内阻大于真实值四、计算题（共36分）17．（12分）如图，电源内阻，定值电阻．闭合开关S ，理想电压表读数．求：50mA mA 10⨯ΩΩ150Ω20Ω100⨯Ω1⨯Ω3V 3k Ω0.6A 0.70Ω(10,2A)R ΩU I -E =r =Ω0.5r =Ω211, 4.5R R =Ω=Ω5.5V U =（1）通过电阻的电流I ；（4分）（2）电阻消耗的功率P ；（4分）（3）电池的电动势E ．（4分）18．（12分）如图所示，电源的电动势，定值电阻，电动机内阻．开始时开关闭合，断开，通过电阻的电流为；当开关闭合后，通过电阻的电流为．求：（1）电源的内阻；（4分）（2）当开关闭合后，电动机两端的电压；（4分）（3）当开关闭合后，电动机的输出功率．（4分）19．（12分）如图，一电荷量带正电的小球，用绝缘细线悬于竖直放置足够大的平行金属板中的O 点．S 合上后，小球静止时，细线与竖直方向的夹角．已知两板相距，电源电动势，内阻，电阻取．求：（1）流过电源的电流；（3分）（2）金属板两板间的电压；（3分）1R 2R 110V E =120R =Ω01R =Ω1S 2S 1R 5A 2S 1R 4A 2S 2S 4310C q -=⨯37α=︒0.2m d =12V E =2r =Ω12344,12,R R R R g =Ω===Ω210m /s ,sin 370.6,cos370.8︒=︒=（3）两板间的电场强度的大小；（3分）（4）小球的质量．（3分）。
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张港中学2012年高二（1）班九月月考英语试题第二部分：词汇知识运用(共两节，满分40分）第一节：多项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）从A.B.C.D.四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21.You should have had the ______to turn off the electricity before touching the wires.A.ideaB.senseC.understandingD.knowledge22.There has been a(n)__________of sadness in the factory since it was announcedthat it would be closed.A.expressionB.atmosphereC. conditionD. situation23．Mr.Smith invested (投资）a lot of money in the city of Qingdao ,from whichHe will _______a lot in the future.A.benefitB.resultC.contributeD.devote24．He promised to come yesterday ,but he hasn't ______yetA.turn inB.turn upC.turn onD.turn out25．His wife persuaded him to _______on smoking.A. cut inB. cut offC. cut downD. cut across26．People have always been ______about exactly how life on earth began.A. curiousB.excitedC.anxiousD. careful27．I'm sure that your letter will get ______attention .They know you're waiting for the reply .A.continuedB.immediateC.carefulD.general28．In the good care of the nurse,the boy is ______recovering from his heart operation.A. quietly B actually C. practically D. Gradually29．The manager looked around the meeting room and said ,"_________everybody has arrived ,let's begin our meeting."A. As thoughB. Only ifC. Now thatD. In case30．This memorial was built _______those heroes who lost their lives for theliberation of the people .A.in memory ofB.in favor ofC.in need ofD.in search of第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Mickey was a cheerful boy. He didn't _31__ whatever people said to him. He never__32__ anyone. Even our teachers liked his __33__ . I always wondered why he never got __34__ .I found the secret in his bedroom．，When I first came to Mickey’s house, I was __35__ to the wall of his bedroom．The huge wall was a unique collage (拼贴画) of thousands of __36__ and shapes! “Some people at school think I never think __37__ of anyone.”Mickey started to __38__ to me, “and that nothing at all bothers me, but that’s not __39__ . I used to get angry easily. But years ago, __40__ the help of my parents．I started a small collage．I could __41__ any kind of material and color for it．On every little pieceI stuck I __42__ some bad thoughts.”I looked __43_ at the wall. In each one of the small pieces I could read，in tiny __44_ , “fool”, “idiot”, “pain”,“ __45__ ”, and a thousand other negative thing.“Now I like the collage so much that, each time someone makes me angry, I could't be __46__ . They've given me a new piece for my work of art.”I never __47_ how an ordinary classmate had shown me the secret of changing the __48_times into a chance to smile．On that very day, I began my own __49_ . I recommended it to my friends and we all became more__50_ ．31．A．think B．mind C．respect D．believe32．A．hurt B．accepted C．helped D．begged33．A．head B．body C．score D．character34．A．proud B．excited C．angry D．surprised35．A．changed B．attracted C．annoyed D．stopped36．A．places B．spots C．photos D．colors37．A．badly B．seriously C．easily D．fully38．A．show B．explain C．point D．shout39．A．bad B．perfect C．true D．obvious40．A. for B．with C．on D．at41. A．use B．enjoy C．receive D．plan42．A．got B．lost C．found D．added43．A．closely B．completely C．quickly D．slowly44． A．letters B．signs C．notes D．names45． A．luck B．pleasure C．bore D．fun46．A．busier B．sadder C．happier D．smarter47．A．spoke B．judged C．remembered D．forgot48．A．mad B．difficult C．popular D．good49．A．collage B．painting C．design D．dance50．A．cheerful B．careful C．powerful D．thoughtful第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AEducation is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life. In some modern countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all whether rich or poor, clever or stupid, one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough: we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees; they refuse to do what they think “low” work; and in fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful. But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor; we can live without education, but we die if we have nofood. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we would get terrible diseases in our towns.In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we are educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability, and secondly, that we realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that it is very bad to be ashamed of one’s work. Only sucha type of education can be considered valuable to society.51. The writer of this passage thinks that________.A. free education can solve all of the world’s problemsB. free education for all probably leads to a perfect worldC. free education won’t help to solve social problemsD. all the social problems can’t be solved by free education52. The writer wants to prove that___________.A. our society needs all kinds of jobsB. our society needs free education for allC. a farmer is more important than a professorD. people with university degrees earn more money53. According to the passage, ____________.A. work with hands is dirty and shamefulB. work with hands is low workC. work with hands is the most importantD. we can’t regard work with hands as low work54. The purpose of education is ___________.A. to choose a system of educationB. to let everyone receive educationC. to prepare children for their future lifeD. to prepare children for well-paid jobsBGreen is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is also the color of most growing plants.Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet ripe or finished. For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns(角) had not yet developed. A century later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in battle. By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today—a person who is new in a job. Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from early nineteen hundreds. A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died.The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the development of new kindsof rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs. Green is also the color used to describe the powerful feeling, jealousy(嫉妒). The green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from outer space. It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello”. It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has something he wants. A young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out with someone else. Or, that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if you get a pay rise and he does not.55.A greenhorn now refers to ____.A. a person who is new in a jobB. a new soliderC. a young horseD. a cow without horns56. A person who has a green thumb is a person ____.A. who is good at growing plantsB. whose thumbs are of green colorC. whose garden is greener than others’D. who is younger than his neighbors57.The author is actually talking about ____.A. colorsB. languageC. politicsD. agriculture58. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. In about the 16th century, a greenhorn meant an experienced soldier.B. The Green Revolution may have some connection with green thumbs.C. The green-eyed monster was probably created by William Shakespeare.D.The green-eyed monster can be used to describe a person who is jealous.CWinners ClubYou choose to be a winner!The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers. It has been made to help you better manage your money. The Winners Club is a transaction account（交易账户）where you receive a key-card so you can get to your money 24/7—that’s 24 hours a day, 7 days a week!It’s a club with impressive features for teenagers:●No account keeping fees!You’re no millionaire so we don’t expect you to pay large fees. In fact, there are no account keeping or transaction fees!●Excellent interest rates!You want your money to grow. The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits（储蓄）without taking them out in a month.●ConvenientTeenagers are busy—we get that. You may never need to come to a bank at all. Withthe Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet. You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account. This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part-time job!●Mega magazine includedAlong with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money. There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members.The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers. And it is so easy to join. Simply fill in an application form. You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian (so we can organize that cool key-card) but it is easy. We can’t wait to hear from you. It’s the best way to choose to be a winner!59. Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners Club?A. Special gifts are ready for parents.B. The bank opens only on work days.C. Services are convenient for its members.D. Fees are necessary for the account keeping.60. The Winners Club provides magazines which ________.A. encourage spendingB. are free to all teenagersC. are full of adventure storiesD. help to make more of your money61. If you want to be a member of the Club, you must ________.A. be an Internet userB. be permitted by your parentC. have a big sum of moneyD. be in your twenties62. What is the purpose of this text?A. To set up a club.B. To provide part-time jobs.C. To organize key-cards.D. To introduce a new banking service.DAmanda Clement grew up in Hudson，South Dakota．Baseball was always her favorite sport．Once in a while her brother Hank and his friends would let her play first base in their games．More often，however，they asked her to umpire(裁判) for them，because they knew her calls would be fair and there would be no arguing．One day in 1904，Amanda and her mother traveled to Hawarden，Iowa，to watch Hank play for the home team against Hawarden．When they arrived at the ball field，two local teams were waiting to play a preliminary(预备) game．The umpire hadn't arrived，so Hank argued that the teams should let his sister serve as umpire．The players finally agreed．Amanda，then sixteen and standing five feet，ten inches tall，made perfect calls．She was so good that players for the main game asked her 10 umpire for them and even offered to pay her．Thus，at sixteen，Amanda Clement became the first paid female baseballumpire on record．She is honored in the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown，New York．63．Hank and his friends often asked Amanda to umpire for them becauseA．they wanted to make her happyB．she called them brothersC．no one else wanted to do it for themD．she knew the rules well and was fair64．Amanda went to Hawarden in order toA．serve as umpire B．watch her brother playC．make money D．help the local teams65．Amanda most probably learned how to umpire a baseball game .A．in her P．E．classes at school B．in an umpire training schoolC．by watching and playing the games D．from her mother，a baseball umpire 66．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A．Amanda Clement．First Female UmpireB．A Family of Baseball FansC．Baseball Games in Hawarden，IowaD．The Baseball Hall of Fame in CooperstownEIn the world today, all of the people need recreation (消遣). We cannot work all the time if we are going to keep healthy and enjoy life.Everyone has his own way of relaxing. Perhaps the most popular form is to take part in sports. There are team sports, such as basketball and football; There are also individual (个人的) sports, such as swimming and running. Skating and mountain climbing are the most popular recreation for people who like to be outdoor.Not everyone who enjoys sports likes to take part in them. Many people like watching them on TV or listening to them on the radio. So many people like some forms of indoor recreation, such as watching TV, singing and dancing.It doesn't matter whether we like indoor recreation or take part in outdoor sports. It is important for everyone to relax from time to time, and enjoy some forms of recreation.67．Which is the most popular form of recreation according to this text?A．Sports. B．Watching TV.C．Sleeping. D．Singing and dancing.68．People want to take part in sports in order to ____.A．keep healthy and enjoy life B．make friendsC．find a good job D．make more money69．Outdoor sports include ____.A．watching TV B．singing and dancingC．listening to the radio D．skating and mountain climbing70．The passage mainly tells us that ____.A．basketball is a kind of team sportB．everyone who enjoys sports should take part in themC．different people have different ways of relaxingD．indoor recreation is not as important as outdoor sports第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分50分）第一节：完成句子（共10小题：每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列个小题，根据该句的中文意思，用句末括号内的英文单词完成句子。