虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法
在系动词be+形容词引导的表语从句中
虚拟语气在表语从句中常用于表达某种假设或条件，如“The problem is that we should start our project earlier.”
在系动词be+名词引导的表语从句中
虚拟语气也可以用于描述某种结果或事实，如“The conclusion is that they would have won the game if they had scored more points.”
虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
要点一
在It is/was+形容词/名词+that 引导的主语…
虚拟语气在主语从句中常用于表达某种假设或条件，如“It is crucial that we should act quickly.”
要点二
在It is/was+过去分词+that引导 的主语从句中
虚拟语气也可以用于描述某种结果或事实，如“It is said that he would have won the election if he had run a better campaign.”
虚拟语气的用法
表示与现实相反的情况
当描述与现实情况相反的情况时，使用虚拟语气来表达。
表示假设条件
在描述假设条件时，使用虚拟语气来表达。
表示个人意愿
在表达个人意愿时，使用虚拟语气来强调个人主观意愿。
02 名词性从句中的虚拟语气分类
与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
总结词
表示与现在事实相反的情况，假设的情况是假的，而实际情况是相反的。
详细描述
在虚拟语气中，与现在事实相反的情况通常通过使用动词的过去时态来表示， 如“If I were you, I would…”或“He suggested that we should leave early.”。这种虚拟语气常用于表达建议、要求、愿望等。
英语高考冲刺系列语法复习之考点七虚拟语气有讲解,有填空
英语高考冲刺核心语法复习考点七虚拟语气1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法规则1：与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时(be动词用were)，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
规则2：与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时had done，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might＋have done”。
如：If I had done it in time,I should have had a good time.如果我及时做的话，我本该玩得很好。
(当时没能及时做)规则3：与将来事实相反，从句谓语用should do/were to do或一般过去时，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might ＋动词原形”。
如：If it were to rain tomorrow,I should not drive my car.如果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。
(明天的情况还不知道)规则4：主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称。
规则5：错综条件句：当条件从句的行为与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据其所表示的时间做出相应的调整，这就是所谓的错综条件下的虚拟语气。
如：If they had studied hard,they could do it easily now.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在他们就能容易地解决这个问题了。
If he had not taken my advice,he wouldn't do it much better like this.如果他过去不听我的建议，他就不会像这样做得好多了。
规则6：虚拟语气的倒装：在条件句中，如果有were,had,should等，可省略if，把were,had,should等提到从句主语之前。
如：If he were to come,I would join him in the discussion.＝Were he to come,I would join him in the discussion.如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
句型It is important/ necessary/ natural/ strange (etc.) that…，主语从句中可用虚拟 语气，结构为：
(should) + v. 原型
Eg. (1) Experts suggested that the ________________________ planned economy (should) be transferred into market economy (计划经济转变到市场 ______________________________. 经济）(transfer) Eg. (2) It was suggested that the meeting _______________ (should) be put ____ (推迟）till next week. (put) off Eg. (3) His disappointed expression suggested he_________ didn’t ________prove) Eg. (4) I insisted that he_______________________ (should) not take any risk .(不要 冒任何风险）(take) Eg. (5) The defendant insisted in the court that he _______ didn’t ____________.( do things wrong 没有做错）
Eg. (6) What do you think of my proposal that new teaching approaches ________________________ ?(实施) (should) be carried out (carry) Eg. (7) My only advice for you is that you ______________ (should) quit ________ smoking .(戒烟） (quit)
2016届高考英语总复习 14 虚拟语气
A no modern telecommunications, 6. _____ we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A. Were there B. Had there been C. If there are D. If there have been 7. It was John who broke the window. Why A it? are you talking to me as if I _____ A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing
1. 在if条件句中的用法 D time, I Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. had
2. 特殊用法 Had they known what was coming next, they _____ D second thoughts. A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had 由Had they known可知，虚拟条件从句中 省略了if，将had提前。从句与过去事实相 反，所以主句谓语用“should / would / could / might + have +过去分词”。
I’d rather you hadn’t done that.
★表示“建议、命令、要求、坚决做”等
动词（如suggest, demand, require,
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
03
与将来事实相反的 假设
使用一般过去时态或过去进行时 态，如“If I should win the lottery, I would buy a new car.”
02
虚拟语气在名词性从句 中的用法
表示与事实相反的情况
表示与现在事实相反的情况
使用"if"引导的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时，主句用"would+动词原形"。例如："If I were you, I would choose to study abroad."
bought tickets."
在表语从句中的用法
要点一
在表语从句中表示与事实相反的 情况
使用"if"引导的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时，主句用 "would+动词原形"。例如："The reason why he failed the exam is that if he had studied harder, he would have passed it."
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
目录
• 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的基本概念 • 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 • 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的特殊情况 • 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的注意事项
01
虚拟语气在名词性从句 中的基本概念
虚拟语气的定义
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用 于表示与实际情况相反的假设或建议。
语境的适应性
使用虚拟语气时，应考虑语境的适应性。虚 拟语气通常用于表示假设或与事实相反的情 况，因此应避免在不适合的语境中使用。
例如，“If the weather were fine, we would go out.”（如果天气好，我们就出
高中英语虚拟语气用法小结
高中英语虚拟语气用法小结虚拟语气用法小结白杨林河南省社旗县第二高级中学虚拟语气表示说话人所说的事或话不是事实，而是一种假设，愿望，怀疑或推测。
它主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句中。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：虚拟语气常用在条件句中，表假设的情况与事实相反或不太可能实现，这种句子称为虚拟条件句。
可分为下列几种情况：1、假设的条件与现在的事实恰好相反，主从句的谓语动词应属：if主+动词过去式或were…，主+would/should/could/might+v、（原形）（主句中should通常只用作第1人称）。
例如：ifitwerenotforthesmowyweather,wewouldbeallright.例1、ifiyou,iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.a、wasb、werec、hadbeend、willbe析：该句为if鼓励的条件句，从主语谓语看看“wouldgo”（就是与现在事实恰好相反），套用上边句型，从句谓语应属动词过去式，若是be动词应属were，所以该题答案应属b。
2、假设的条件与过去事实相反，其句子结构应为：if+主+haddone…，主+would/could/should/might+havedone…基准2、morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.a、ifthecaptainwereb、hadthecaptainbeenc、shouldthecaptainbed、ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen析：该题题干部分有一谓语动词为wouldnothavesunk，由此可知是对过去事情的虚拟，便可推出从句的谓语动词应为haddone形式，再看选项，含用心爱心专心有haddone的只有b，该题正确答案即是b。
（当if引导的虚拟条件中有were,had,should时，可省略if，把were,had,should提到主语之前）。
虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示非真实的假设，或者用来表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望。
一、非真实条件中的虚拟语气非真实条件就是违背事实情况的假设，包括违背现在事实的假设，违背过去事实的假设，以及将来不可能发生或虽有可能发生但说话人主观上不希望发生的假设。
最后这一种假设简称为违背将来的假设。
在这三种情况下，条件从句和主句中的谓语动词采取下列虚拟形式。
虚拟语气中主句中的第一人称用should，第二、三人称用would。
但在美国英语中，第一人称也可用would。
此外，主句中也可用情态动词could或might代替should或would。
在条件句中，如果动词是be，在违背现在的事实时，各个人称均用were。
但在非正式文体中，特别是在口语中，第一、三人称单数用was的时候也不少。
在违背将来事实的条件从句中，"should ＋动词原形"及"were ＋不定式"两种谓语动词形式适用于所有的人称。
1．违背现在事实的假设If the earth had no gravity，the moon would fly to the sun．假如地球没有引力，月球就要向太阳飞去。
If I were you ，I would reconsider their proposal．我要是你，就重新考虑他们的建议。
2．违背过去事实的假设If I had left a little earlier，I would have caught the train．我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。
If she hadn't taken your advice，she would have made a serious mistake．她要不是听了你的劝告，就犯大错误了。
3．可能违背将来事实的假设这里指的是将来不大可能发生的假设，或者虽有可能发生，但说话人主观上不希望发生的假设。
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.构成：虚拟语气是以“(should+动词原形”的形式来呈现2.虚拟语气常用于表示提议，命令，要求，意愿，决定等意义的动词后面的宾语从句中，常用“should+动词原形”，should常被省略。
常见的这类动词有suggest(表建“建议”才用虚拟语气，如suggest当“表明，暗示，透露”讲时，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气), decide, require, demand, propose, insist(坚持自己做不用虚拟语气), order, prefer, ask, direct, move，desire, request, beg, vote.He insisted that we (should) attend the meeting.The teacher ordered that all the students be here on time.The doctor required that the patient (should) give up smoking.The boss demanded that all the staff (should) spare no effort to (不遗余力做)work for the company.3.虚拟语气常用于含有important, necessary, natural, strange, essential等形容词的主语从句中。
It is necessary that every school-age child (should) attend school.It is strange that he (should) be absent.4.虚拟语气常用于含有suggestion, idea, advice, proposal等名词的补语从句中。
His suggestion is that we(should) hold a meeting to discuss the matter immediately.The expert’s proposal is that the experiment (should) be put off5.虚拟语气用于wish（但愿，……就好了）后面的宾语从句中表示同时的情况：主语+动词过去式（be动词用were）表示先于的情况：主语+had+过去分词表示将来的情况：主语+would (could) +动词原形I wish that he weren’t so lazy.He wished that he were a teacher.I wish that he had not made so much fuss(不必要的麻烦) about it。
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that、、（should）do
例句I recommend that you all be diligent if you want to pass the exam．如果你们要考及格，我劝你们勤奋学 习。
2虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
1) It is＋astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, that、、（should） do imperative, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual, vital等
• 例句 His proposal is that we turn off TV
for half an hour every day．他建议我们每 天少看半个小时的电视。（表语从句） I offered the advice that we stay here.(同 位语从句）
• 特别提示：从以上的各类从句中我们可以得到以下的推论，即当一个 动词后面的宾语从句中要使用（should）＋do的虚拟语气形式时，则 可推理出用法相同的一组从句。以动词advise为例： • （1）I advise that we stay and wait here．
demand（要求）、desire（渴望）、
idea（想法）、motion（提议）、
that…(should) do
necessity（必要性）、order（命令）、plan（计划）、 proposal（建议）、recommendation（推荐）、 requirement（要求）、suggestion（建议）
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
宾语从句 主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句
1.虚拟语气Βιβλιοθήκη 宾语从句中的应用要求 advise 劝告 、ask 坚持 decide 决定 、insist order 下令 、suggest 建议 command 命令 、demand 要求 desire 渴望 、propose 提议 recommend 劝告 、require 要求 极力主张 等。 urge
例句 It is my advice that we stay here.
3 虚拟在表语和同位语从句中
• advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, motion, pray, resolution, wish, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, idea, order
C 8.He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ___ to the meeting. A. would come B. came
C. would have come D. had come
A 25. I would have come earlier, but I __ that you were waiting for me. A.didn’t know B. hadn’t know B. would have known D. haven’t known D 33. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I ___ your birthday party. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended
2）It is+ decided, desired, demanded,
ordered, requested, recommended,
suggested ，advised
that…(should) do
例句 It is advised that we stay here．
3）It is + advice（忠告）、decision（决定）、
跳层虚拟句
• 跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气） • 1） 虚拟句+but+陈述句 He would put on weight, but he doesn’t eat much. (与现在事实相反) He would have put on weight, but he didn’t eat much. (与过去事实相反) 2) 陈述句+or else/ or/ otherwise+虚拟句 • I forget where I read the article, or/ or else I would show it to you now. (现在事实相反) • We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him. (与过去事实相反)
• • • • •
•
以上六类从句中所使用的都为（should）＋do的虚拟语气形式。
（2）It is advised that we stay here． （3）It is advisable that we stay here． （4）My advice is that we stay here． （5）I offered the advice that we stay here． （6）I think it advisable that we stay here．