新托福阅读每篇多少道题
新托福阅读评分标准解析2
2021新托福阅读评分标准解析新托福考试阅读一共有42道题，但是阅读总分却只有30分，那么新托福阅读是怎么算分的呢?评分标准是怎么样的呢?下面就和大家提供新托福阅读评分标准解析!来欣赏一下吧。
一. 阅读评分标准解析其实阅读题分数是有一个转化过程的，阅读题的原始分值和转化后的对应分值。
新托福阅读每篇题量为12-14题，每篇阅读除了最后一道题为2分外，其余题目分值都是1分，所以托福阅读总的原始分值为45分。
所以。
同学们如果在考试中因为时间问题迫不得已要舍弃一道题目时，尽量不要舍弃小结题。
一般情况下，这类题目是多项选择题，6个中选择3个，选错一个扣一分，错2个或3个不得分。
那么具体对应的分值转换又是怎么样的呢?我们一起来看看下面的表格就明白了：二. 影响阅读成绩的其他因素如果阅读遇到加试，也有可能会影响阅读成绩。
那么阅读加试是如何影响阅读成绩的呢?考试中只有一局部考生会遇到阅读加试，没有遇到加试的考试成绩不会有变动，按照上述评分标准来评分。
但是参加加试的考生成绩可能会因为加试题目的情况，成绩产生一些变动，具体细那么如下：(1)如果考试正确率比加试正确率高，说明考题偏容易，也就是高分档的学生比拟多，那么ETS将给分数的分布作相应的调整，也就是给一些高分的学生减分。
给哪些学生减分呢?当然是加试做得学生。
(2)如果考试正确率比加试正确率低，说明考题偏难，也就是低分档的学生比拟多，那么ETS将给分数的分布作相应的调整，也就是给一些低分的学生加分。
给哪些学生加分呢?当然是加试做得好的学生。
(3)如果考试正确率和加试正确率持平，实现了正态分布，考生的分数那么不需要调整了。
之所以分数有波动是因为ETS为了在考生水平有波动的情况下，仍然能够给予考生一个相对较为公平的分数。
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the height of sth 在…最鼎盛时期The violin had reached the height of its popularity by the middle of the eighteenth century.11.back and forth 来回地They then spiral back and forth between the Earth's magic poles very rapidly.12.be absent from 缺席，不在Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women line were not considered an important force in history.13.be capable of 能…的Many animals are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools.14. be characterized by 以…为特征The nervous system of vertebrates is characterized by a hollow, dorsal nerve cord that ends in the head region as an enlargement, the brain.15.be posed of 由…组成Ocean life is primarily posed of plants.16.be concerned with 与某事物有关Ethnology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history.17.be distinct from 与…不同Jupiter and the other giant plas are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrial plas18.be essential to 对…不可缺少Public performance is essential to verbal art.19.be exposed to 使接触，使遭受Body contact reduces the surface area exposed to the cold air.20.be far from 离…很远，根本不是But far from being random, molt is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have established an optimal time and duration.21. be hostile to 极不友好的，极厌恶的Ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans22.be regarded as 被认为是Humanity's primal efforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathematics.23.be related to 与…有关的，相联系的Why is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?24. be responsible for 对…负责In fact, nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen to helium are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce.25. be sensitive to 对…敏感的Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals.26.be subjected to 经历，遭受Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures and pressures, transforming it into petroleum.27. be superior to 优越于Natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones28 .be traced to 找出根源The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.29. be/bee aware of 意识到，认识到People became aware of the new service by word of mouth or newspaper advertisements.30. be/bee/get austomed to 习惯于In the harsh environment of northern Europe, Scandinavian women had been austomed to practicing forms of shifting cultivation, and they immediately understood Native American horticulture.31. be/bee/get involved in 与…有关联的Two distinct processes are involved in molting.32.benefit from 从…中受益Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.33.break down 分解All of these forces slowly break down the Earth's exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller pieces that eventually bee clay.34.by far 到目前为止Marine sediment is by far the most important environmentfor the preservation of fossils.35.by means of 通过，凭借The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of Adividing the discussion into two major areas.36.by virtue of 由于Many are uninhabitable, by virtue of their small size and particular characteristics37.confine to 限制在一定范围之内The delivery service was at first confined to cities.38.conform to 符合Parks should be designed to conform to the topography of the area39.contribute to 有奉献，有助于Transportation contributed to the development and maintenance of trade.40.cope with 对付Under certain circumstance the human body must cope with gases at greater-than-normal atmospheric pressure.41.date back to 始于In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.42. depend on 依靠The gulls depend on the falcons for protection.43. deprive sb/sth of sth 剥夺..某事物Plant stems die when deprived of water.44.derive from 获得，起源于Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input.45.due to 由于，因为Due to their dense structure, iron meteorites have the best chance of surviving an impact, and most are found by farmers plowing their fields.46. evolve from/out of 从...进化来，从…开展来The one most widely aepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.47.extract from 提取It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath.48.feed on 以…为食物Predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals.49.focus on 集中(注意力)于They focus on the meaning of their parents' words.50. get rid of 处理掉Atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention.51.give aess to 向…开放To connect the pueblos and to give aess to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces.52.give birth to 使诞生，引起Most insects lay eggs, but some give birth to live young.53.give off 发散，发出If Jupiter were larger, it would give off much less heat.54.give rise to 引起，导致The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.55.go beyond 超过，越过An interviewer can go beyond written questions and probefor a subject's underlying feelings and reasons.56.go out of business 停业，关门The shop went out of business.57.have nothing to do with 与…无关A species’ survival may have nothing to do with itsability or inability to adapt.58.impart to 传授给They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders impart tribal lore to the younger generation.59.impose on 强加于New regulations were imposed on nontraditional education. 60.in mon 共同No two ets ever look identical, but they have basic features in mon.61.in favor of 赞同，支持The artist was in favor of a traditional style of painting.62.in quantity 大量，大批There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots produced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means.63.in season 当季Before the mid-nieenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season.64.in spite of 尽管，任凭In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation many panel paintings have survived.65.in the absence of 在缺乏…的情况下The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities.66.in view of 由于In view of the rate at which the radio sources emit energy, they should disappear in a few million years.67.instead of 代替Instead of working with light, however, he worked with microwaves.68.invest in 投资He started to invest in the town’s cultural development. 69.lead to 导致，引起In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation.70.leave out 排除Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered.71.off the mark 不正确This analogy is not far off the mark.72.on behalf of 代表Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth though rarely to any action on behalf of truth.73. on the basis of 在…的根底上Antoine Lavisher, on the basis of careful experimentation, was led to propose a different theory of burning74.owing to 由于，因为Marine sediment is by far the most important environmentfor the preservation of fossils, owing to the incredible richness of marine life.75.perceive sth as sth 认为Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern, it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it. 76.pick up 学会Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues.77.put off 推迟Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off during harvest time.78.regardless of 不顾Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture, or mode of presentation.79.result from 因..而产生Most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding.80.result in 结果，导致The upward movement of fieldstones should result in pure soil.81.set about 开始，动手African American artists of this period set about creating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States.82. set aside 留下将来用Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or mercial development.83.so far 到目前为止The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far.84.sort out 把…分类Clay particles are sorted out by size and weight.85.spring up 涌现In the early colonial day in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline.86.stem from 起源于It can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation.87.stretch out 伸展，伸出The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.88.strive for 为…而奋斗As they began to strive for social and cultural independence，their attitudes toward themselves changed.89.take aount of sth./take sth into aount 考虑到Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into aount when executing their public missions.90.take advantage of 利用Many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.91.thanks to 由于kiwis smell out earthworms thanks to nostrils located at the tip of their beaks.92.to some extent 某种程度上Their attitudes toward themselves changed, and, to some extent, other segments of American society began to change their attitudes toward them.93.turn out 结果是，证明是Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic.her in 宣告…的来临Autumn could be ushered in by severe frost.95. wear away 磨损Natural forces wear away the Earth's crust96.wipe out 消灭，肃清Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal attacks both before and after harvesting.97.with respect to 在…方面The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of a new epoch in America art, with respect to the development of watercolor painting.98. with the advent of 随着…的出现With the advent of high-resolution radio interferometers during the late 1970's, part of the answer became clear. 99.with the aid of 借助于It is now taught with the aid of puters.100.with the exception of 除..以外With the exception of printing patterns directly onto the cloth, whether by block, roller, or screen, all of these are based on dyeing; that is, the immersion of the fabric in a dye bath.。
托福阅读考试题目解释说明
托福阅读考试题目解释说明很多考生平时做托福阅读无非是为了应付考试，想在考试中取得一个好成绩。
但其实很多人并不了解托福阅读文章，这直接导致了练习了标但却忽略了本。
在机械的练习之前应该先深入了解一下这些问题，下面我们从不同的角度来详细介绍一下托福阅读考试内容及形式。
托福阅读考试题目解释说明1、托福阅读考试内容详细介绍：阅读3篇文章750个单词本部分包括3篇文章，每篇文章650至750个单词，对应11至13道试题。
题目类型包括：图表题、篇章总结题(从给出的选项中选择能够概括文章内容的句子)、变换措辞、词汇题(在一定的上下文中)、指代关系题、简化句子题、插入文本题，事实信息题、推断题、修辞目的题、以及否定排除题(例如，下列各项均正确除……之外。
)在完成33-39个试题的过程中，考生可以使用"复查"功能瞬间找出没有回答的题目，而不必每道题都过一遍。
除了篇章应用题之外，每道题的分值都是1分，应用题每题的分值可能是2分，3分，或4分。
阅读部分的时间约为60分钟。
注意，每个考生都会被分配一个考前试题，可能阅读题，也可能是听力题。
但是事先无法确定考前试题的具体形式。
考生会获得额外的时间来完成考前试题。
阅读部分的总分是42-45点，分数范围是0-25。
2、你真的了解托福阅读考试么?在做托福阅读前，我们首先要解决两个大问题--第一，托福阅读是什么;第二，托福阅读有什么。
对于托福是什么这个问题，根据ETS官方给出的解释，托福阅读试题考察的是学生对于学术性文章的阅读理解能力。
大白话来说，就是既然你要考托福出国留学，他们要考察的就是你有没有这个能力去国外学习，去国外了有没有能力读懂要学的内容。
所以，托福阅读中只是在考察准确、迅速把握关键信息的能力，而不会出现一些具体的学科知识。
而托福阅读文章体裁通常是三种--说明文，议论文和史实文。
每次考试会有三到四篇篇幅在700字左右的文章(四篇是碰到了阅读加试的情况),每篇会有13到14道题，而时长是60到80分钟。
托福怎么学习最好
托福怎么学习最好托福怎么学习最好?现有托福和新托福“三变，三不变”原则。
三变1. 阅读部分总体结构的变化。
现有托福是“四五”结构。
这里的“四五”是指5篇文章，50个题目，考试时间共怎样学习托福55分钟。
而现有文章的长度为每篇文章350个字。
新托福，根据我们目前得到的样题，3篇长度为630～670个单词的文章，每篇文章后有13或14道题，考生每完成1道题即依次出现下一道题。
要求平均每25分钟完成1篇阅读材料及其试题。
此部分总共75分钟。
2. 两种新题型的引入。
如何学习托福nbsp;“句子入位题”：也就是说，文怎样学习托福章中有四个空位，从中选出一个最合适的空位将所给的句子填入。
考查考生将特定的一句话插入文章顺序相连的4 个句子之间的能力。
要做好此题，考生必须深入理解各个句子间的词汇、语法和逻辑联系。
这是新题型，有相当难度，考生应特别重视。
“重要观点题”：这种很独特的题型出现在新托福中每篇文章如何学习托福的最后一题，是多选题，而且值两分。
所谓的“重要观点题”就是从5—6个备选答案中选出2—3个表达了文章最重要观点的选项。
3. 和听力部分、写作部分进行结合。
“先读后说”：即先读一篇长文章或长对话，然后基于所读到的内容，口头回答考官提出的若干问题。
此部分准备时间为1分钟，演讲时间为1分半钟。
“先读后写”：即托福先读一篇长文章或长对话，然后基于所读到的内容，写一篇文章去讨论或分析或解释考官提出的若干问题。
此部分共用时25分钟，须写出175—250字。
托福这是和现有托福、雅思、4/怎样6级、考研英语最大的不同，这也是它最大的卖点。
其实，所有的考试都意识到了“听、说、读、写”这4种基本技能对考生都同等重要。
这也是为什么光有了托福还不够，还要有TWE和TSE;为什么今年12月份的4/6级考试将进行重大的“换脸”行动——就是既要考查学生的Input能力，也要考察Outp学习ut能力。
但现有的考试有一点不足就是“听说读写”四项能力被割裂开来单独测试。
新托福题型介绍
名词解释新托福考试是基于因特网环境的考试(iBT,Internet-based Test)，也就是说考试是在具有因特网接入条件的计算机上进行的。
从考试结构上来讲，新托福考试分听、说、读、写四个部分,对学生的听力、阅读、写作、口语四项英语语言能力进行综合测试。
分数测评除了网考，新托福考试的独特性还表现在分数的测评体系上。
新托福的分数报告不再只停留在报告考生的英语水平和各单项语言技能的成绩上，同时还会通过提供一个诊断报告让考生本人和接收院校了解考生的英语语言学习要求。
新托福四项技能的分数范围都是在0-30分以内的，并按级别递进，针对每一个级别还会有一个详细的分数说明。
具体内容及应对新托福考试大概持续四个小时。
四个部分的考试将在一天内完成。
考试的顺序是：阅读、听力、口语、写作，听力之后有10分钟的休息时间。
阅读：30分新托福考试阅读部分约为60到100分钟，包括3到5篇文章，每篇650至750个单词，每篇对应12至14道试题。
题目类型包括：图表题(schematic table)，篇章总结题(prose summary)(从给出的选项中选择能够概括文章内容的句子)，词汇题(vocabulary)(在一定的上下文中)，指代关系题(reference)，简化句子题(sentence simplification)，插入文本题(insert text)，事实信息题(factual information)，推断题(infer?鄄ence)，修辞目的题(rhetorical pur?鄄pose)以及否定排除题(negative fac?鄄tual information)(例如，下列各项均正确除……之外。
)在完成答题的过程中，考生可以使用“复查”功能瞬间找出没有回答的题目，而不必每道题都检查一遍。
应对从两大题型入手突破新托福考试阅读部分可以概括为两种题型，包括基础理解题和篇章应用题。
基础理解题重点考查考生对基础项目的理解，特别是考生根据文章的词汇、句法和语义内容理解把握重要信息的能力。
托福iBT 评分标准
iBT各部分算分方法iBT各部分算分方法满分为120分，4部分各占30分。
新托福考试（网考）的一大特点就在于它科学的评分体系，其中的主观题型的判分采取的是整体评分的原则，全方位客观评判答题的总体质量，而不是去注意小错误和单一弱点。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------阅读:包括三到五个部分，60~100分钟时间作答每篇文章约700个词，12~14个问题文章是大学水平读物的节录，原文是介绍某一学科或话题的。
节录没有什么改动，因为托福考试就是要评估学生对这种学术性文章的理解能力。
托福的文章可分为三种基本类型：说明文（exposition)，议论文（argumentation)，和历史（historical)。
评分:39题,基本上每题一分，summary题最多两分,chart题(即多选题)如果有五个选项值三分,chart题如果有七个选项值四分.没有全对也可能得到部分分数. 总分45.根据正确和错误的情况可以知道45分中得了多少分,再按比例换算成30分制-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------听力:包括四(六)段演讲和两(三)段对话,每篇演讲后有6个问题,对话后有5个问题,答题时间为60(90)分钟注:括号里的数据为加试时的情形这些演讲或对话都是基于北美各大学院校的真实交流编制的.每段对话或演讲长度为4~6分钟,具有相当高的真实性.比如,演讲人有时可能会稍稍偏离主题,可能与学生互动,可能做扩展性论述等等.此外,这些段子口语色彩浓厚,比如开头不当,自己纠正自己的错误发音,重复都是可能出现的,也会有停顿,犹豫的情况.在听的时候可以做笔记.考试的其中一种形式是让考生听一段演讲演讲是教师在课堂里给学生授课所使用的语言.内容可能是教师一个人讲,可能是学生问老师问题或者老师问学生问题.演讲的话题可以分为四类:1 艺术 (建筑/个人创作/城市规划/手工艺/洞穴和岩石艺术/音乐和音乐史/摄影/文学和作者/书本,报刊杂志)2 生命科学 (动植物的灭绝或为了防止这一现象的努力/鱼和其它水生物/细菌和其它单细胞生物/病毒/医疗手段/公共卫生/感觉器官的机理/生物化学/动物行为/栖居地和动植物对它的适应/营养和它对身体的影响/动物交流)3 物理(天气/海洋学/冰川/沙漠等极端环境/污染，替代能源，环境政策/大气层/天文学/光的性质/声的性质/电磁波/电视，收音机，雷达技术/数学/无机化学/电脑科学/地震学)4 社会科学(非工业文明人类学/早期创作体系/历史语言学/商业和管理/大众传媒/群体行为/儿童成长/教育/现代史)评分:34道题,一题一分,总分34分,按比例换算成30分制新托福阅读和听力评分标准DETERMINE READINGAND LISTENING COMPLETE TEST SCORES To determine a scaled score in a Reading or Listening Complete Test section, you must first determine the number of points you received in the section. In Listening, you simply need to count the number of questions you answered correctly (out of 34) because the number of points is the number of questions you answered correctly. In Reading, you must determine the number of points you received on the last question of each reading (numbers 13, 26, and 39) before you can determine the total number of points. The last question of each reading is a chart question that is worth more than one point, and you may receive partial credit for a partially correct answer. (For example, perhaps a question is worth three points and has 6 correct answers. If you correctly answer all 6, then you get 3 points. If you correctly answer 4 or 5, then you get 2 points. If you correctly answer 2 or 3, then you get 1 point. If you por tly answer 0 or 1, then you get 0 points.) After you have determined the number of points you have earned on the chart questions, add this number to the number correct on the rest of questions 1 through 39 to determine your total pointsout of 45. When you know the total points you received in a Reading or Listening Mini-Test section, you can refer to the following irt to determine your scaled score out of 30 for this section.口语:IBT口语部分持续时间约为20分钟,共6个问题,每个问题的答题时间为45到60秒.前2题为独立口语项目,要求考生完全以自己的观点和经历为依据作答.后4题为综合口语项目,要求考生在回答前听一段对话或演讲的节选(有时在听之前还要阅读一段文字)——这样就同时考察了听说(读)的能力,你的答案要以你听到(和看到)文章的为依据.独立项目(问题1和问题2)问题1:你将会被要求讲述你熟悉的一个人,地方,物品或事件问题可能包括:一个你去过的地方,一件你生命中重要的事情,一个影响你的人或者一项你喜欢的活动等.在你看到问题后,你有15秒的思考时间,然后有45秒的作答时间.你可以用笔写下简略的提示.答案既需要有描述(比如一件"什么事情"很重要等),也需要有解释(比如"为什么"它很重要等).在答案中应当包括具体的细节或例子,这样使你的描述包含更多的信息,解释让人更容易理解.问题2:在两个可能的行动,境遇或观点中选择一个你偏好的,并用理由,解释,细节或例子来支持你的选择.实际选择哪个并不重要,重要的是你是否能很好地说明你这样选择的理由.这个问题涉及到的话题包括学生感兴趣的方方面面,比如在家学习好还是在图书馆学习好,学生学的课程应该广些好还是专些好,应该要求学生住寝室还是准许他们住校外等.同问题1一样,你有15秒的考虑时间和45秒的回答时间.综合口语项目:问题3:首先,一段和校园生活有关的短文会出现在屏幕上,然后你会听到两个人(某些情况是一个人)讨论这个话题.你将会被问到一个和刚才看到听到内容相关的问题.准备时间为30秒,回答时间为60秒.这个问题的话题可能包括学校的政策,规章制度,计划,校园设施,校园生活质量等.在整个过程中,你都可以记笔记.短文可能是各种形式的,比如来自学校管理部门的一个介绍新停车规则的公告,或者是一封写给校报编辑的关于学校限制寝室收音机使用新政策的书信,或者是一篇发表在校报上讨论建一个新足球场的文章.短文除了描述建议(提议)以外,通常还有两条支持或反对的理由.阅读文章很短,通常是75~100字,你将会有充足的时间去阅读它(40~45秒).读完文章后,会听到两个人对话.讨论你刚才看到的文章所说的内容.其中一个人会强烈地支持或反对这项提议(建议),并且会说明他的理由.这段对话比较短,通常持续60~80秒.接下来你就会问到一个问题.回答这个问题不需要你自己的观点,而是让你阐述某个说话者的观点,并总结他持有那个观点的理由.问题4:先阅读一段学术主题的短文,然后听一段教授的讲话,再回答一个问题.这个问题的话题可能包括生命科学,社会科学,物理科学和人文科学.回答时间为60秒.阅读短文长度为75~100词,它为你理解后面将听到的演讲提供了背景知识.通常阅读短文会概括地抽象地去说明一个问题,而听力短文则会具体地有针对性地去说明它,通常是提供一个拓展的例子,反例或概念的运用.问题仍然是要你总结你所看到的和听到的内容.问题5:先听讨论校园有关情景的一段短对话,然后回答问题.在对话中,两个人会讨论一个难题和两种可能的解决方案.你需要简短地描述一下这个问题,说明你偏好哪一种解决方案,并且对你的选择做出解释.回答时间为60秒.通常对话双方是两个学生/学生和教授/学生和学校工作人员(助教,图书管理员,行政人员等).对话中讨论的难题可能是日程冲突,不可避免的缺席,无法获取的资源,学生选举,经济困难等.有些时候,这个难题同等地影响到对话的两个人,他们必须选择一个共同的解决方案.有些时候,这个难题只与说话者之一有关,此时一个说话者会说明自己的难题,而另一个说话者会提供两种可能的解决方案.对话的时间为60~90秒.问题6:先听一段教授的学术演讲,然后回答问题.回答时间为60秒.演讲的时间从60秒到90秒,集中讨论一个话题.通常开头会以定义一个概念,重点提及一个问题或者是介绍一种现象,然后会讨论关于它的重要方面.演讲会包含有助于阐明概念或问题的例子.问题让你利用所听到的信息解释这个概念或问题.演讲的内容可能包括任何方面的进程,方法,理论,观点或现象.评分:每道题0-4分,再换算成0-30分.因为是6道题,分数平均下来很可能会有小数位,比如3.1分,2.9分.所以口语的分数可能是0-30分里任意一个分数,而不仅仅是0,1,2,3,4所对应的分数评分者重点注意以下三个方面:1 表达:表达的清晰程度,流利程度,以及对发音,自然的节奏和语调的把握2 语言的使用:运用语法和词汇表达意思的准确度,驾驭简单和复杂语言和选用恰当词汇的能力3 话题的展开:回答问题的完整性和连贯性,从一个观点到另一个观点的衔接自然与否,以及各观点之间的逻辑性.新托福口语评分标准-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------写作:作文部分包括两道试题，需在大约50分钟的时间内完成。
2020年托福阅读官方评分标准
托福阅读应该计算实际拿到多少原始分“Raw Point Total(0-45)”，再参照评分表，计算最后的分数(0-30)。
不同版本的试卷因难度不同有不同的转换标准，所以新托福阅读是没有固定的评分表的。
每篇文章700个字，对应14道题目。
其中，13道题是基础信息和推断题，每道题1分。
最后一道题是小结题，俗称大题，满分2分。
大题一般情况下是6选3，3个选项错一个扣一分，扣完为止，即在答题中错2或3个选项，这个题目不得分。
因此，每篇文章对应14个题目，共15分。
阅读部分整体42道题，对应原始分数满分45分。
根据如下表格，将会给出原始分数与最终分数的对应。
托福阅读TPO33第2篇:铁路和商品化农业Railroads and Commercial Agriculture in Nineteenth-Century United States【1】By 1850 the United States possessed roughly 9,000 miles of railroad track; Ten years later it had over 30,000 miles, more than the rest of the world combined. Much of the new construction during the 1850s occurred west of the Appalachian Mountains—over 2,000 miles in the states of Ohio and Illinois alone.【2】The effect of the new railroad lines rippled outward through the economy. Farmers along the tracks began to specialize in corps that they could market in distant locations. With their profits they purchased manufactured goods that earlier they might have made at home. Before the railroad reached Tennessee, the state produced about 25,000 bushels (or 640 tons) of wheat, which sold for less than 50 cents a bushel. Once the railroad came, farmers in the same counties grew 400,000 bushels (over 10,000 tons) and sold their crop at a dollar a bushel.【3】The new railroad networks shifted the direction of western trade. In 1840 most northwestern grain was shipped south down the Mississippi River to the bustling port of New Orleans. But low water made steamboat travel hazardous in summer, and ice shut down traffic in winter. Products such as lard, tallow, and cheese quicklyspoiled if stored in New Orleans’hot and humid warehouses. Increasingly, traffic from the Midwest flowed west to east, over the new rail lines. Chicago became the region’s hub, linking the farms of the upper Midwest to New York and other eastern cities by more than 2,000 miles of track in 1855. Thus while the value of goods shipped by river to New Orleans continued to increase, the South’s overall share of western trade dropped dramatically.【4】A sharp rise in demand for grain abroad also encouraged farmers in the Northeast and Midwest to become more commercially oriented. Wheat, which in 1845 commanded $1.08 a bushel in New York City, fetched $2.46 in 1855; in similar fashion the price of corn nearly doubled. Farmers responded by specializing in cash crops, borrowing to purchase more land, and investing in equipment to increase productivity.【5】As railroad lines fanned out from Chicago, farmers began to acquire open prairie land in Illinois and then Iowa, putting the fertile, deep black soil into production. Commercial agriculture transformed this remarkable treeless environment. To settlers accustomed to eastern woodlands, the thousands of square miles of tall grass were an awesome sight. Indian grass, Canada wild rye, and native big bluestem all grew higher than a person. Because eastern plows could not penetrate the densely tangled roots of prairie grass, the earliestsettlers erected farms along the boundary separating the forest from the prairie. In 1837, however, John Deere patented a sharp-cutting steel plow that sliced through the sod without soil sticking to the blade. Cyrus McCormick refined a mechanical reaper that harvested fourteen times more wheat with the same amount of labor. By the 1850s McCormick was selling 1,000 reapers a year and could not keep up with demand, while Deere turned out 10,000 plows annually.【6】The new commercial farming fundamentally altered the Midwestern landscape and the environment. Native Americans had grown corn in the region for years, but never in such large fields as did later settlers who became farmers, whose surpluses were shipped east. Prairie farmers also introduced new crops that were not part of the earlier ecological system, notably wheat, along with fruits and vegetables.【7】Native grasses were replaced by a small number of plants cultivated as commodities. Corn had the best yields, but it was primarily used to feed livestock. Because bread played a key role in the American and European diet, wheat became the major cash crop. Tame grasses replaced native grasses in pastures for making hay.【8】Western farmers altered the landscape by reducing the annual fires that had kept the prairie free from trees. In the absence of these fires, trees reappeared on land not in cultivation and, if undisturbed,eventually formed woodlots. The earlier unbroken landscape gave way to independent farms, each fenced off in a precise checkerboard pattern. It was an artificial ecosystem of animals, woodlots, and crops, whose large, uniform layout made western farms more efficient than the more-irregular farms in the East.托福阅读TPO33题目第2篇:铁路和商品化农业1.According to paragraph 1, each of the following is true about railroad track in the United States EXCEPT:A.In 1850 the United States had less than 10,000 miles of railroad track.B.By the end of the 1850s, Ohio and Illinois contained more railroad track than any other state in the country.C.Much of the railroad track built in the United States during the 1850s was located west of the Appalachian Mountain.D.By 1860 there were more miles of railroad track in the United States than in any other country.2.It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the new railroads had which of the following effects on farm communities?A.Most new farms were located along the tracks.B.Farmers began to grow wheat as a commercial corp.C.Many farmers decided to grow a wider variety of crops.D.Demand for manufactured goods increased among farmers.3.The word "bustling" in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning toA.famous.B.important.C.growing.D.busy.4.According to paragraph 3, in what way did the new rail networks change western trade?A.Northwestern farmers almost completely stopped shipping goods by steamboat.B.Many western goods began to be shipped east by way of Chicago rather than south to New Orleans.C.Chicago largely replaced New York and other eastern cities as the final market for goods for the West.D.The value of goods shipped west soon became greater than the value of goods shipped east.5.According to paragraph 3, what was a disadvantage of shipping goods from northwestern areas to New Orleans?A.There was no reliable way to get goods from New Orleans to eastern cities.B.The cost of shipping goods by river to New Orleans continued to increase.C.Goods shipped from New Orleans' neighboring areas had a significant competitive advantage because of their lower transportation costs.D.The temperatures and humidity.6.Paragraph 4 supports the idea that the price of wheat more than doubled between 1845 and 1855 becauseA.the price of corn nearly doubled during that same period.B.demand for grain increased sharply outside the United States.C.farmers in the Northeast and Midwest began to specialize in cash crops.D.many farmers had borrowed heavily to purchase land and equipment for raising wheat.7.The word "transformed" in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning toA.dominated.B.changed.C.improved.D.created.8.The word "erected" in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning toA.looked for.B.lived on.C.preferred.D.built.9.Why does author point out that "Indian grass, Canada wild rye, and native big bluestem all grew higher than a person"(paragraph 5)?A.To provide a reason why people from the eastern woodlands of the United States were impressed when they saw the prairie.B.To identify an obstacles to the development of the railroad lines fanning out from Chicago.C.To explain why the transformation of the prairies by commercial agriculture was so remarkable.D.To provide evidence supporting the claim that the prairies had fertile, deep black soil.10.According to paragraph 5, the first settlers generally did not farm open prairie land becauseA.they could not plow it effectively with the tools that were available.B.prairie land was usually very expensive to buy.C.the soil along boundaries between the forest and the prairie was more fertile than the soil of the open prairie.D.the railroad lines had not yet reached the open prairie when the first settlers arrived.11.The word "surpluses" in the passage (paragraph 6) is closest in meaning toA.extra goodsmercial goodsC.unprocessed goodsD.transportable goods12.According to paragraph 8, prairie farmers changed the landscape by doing all of the following EXCEPT:A.Reducing annual fires.B.Dividing the land into large, regularly-shaped lots.C.Planting trees that eventually formed woodlots.D.Fencing off their farms.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? The problems were not limited to routes of transport.The new railroad networks shifted the direction of western trade. ■【A】In 1840 most northwestern grain was shipped south down the Mississippi River to the bustling port of New Orleans. ■【B】But low water made steamboat travel hazardous in summer, and ice shut down traffic in winter. ■【C】Products such as lard, tallow, and cheese quickly spoiled if stored in New Orleans' hot and humid warehouses. ■【D】Increasingly, traffic from the Midwest flowed west to east, overthe new rail lines. Chicago became the region's hub, linking the farms of the upper Midwest to New York and other eastern cities by more than 2,000 miles of track in 1855. Thus while the value of goods shipped by river to New Orleans continued to increase, the South's overall share of western trade dropped dramatically.14. Prose SummaryThe huge expansion of rail lines in Midwestern United States during the 1850s had major economic and environmental effects.A.Construction of new rail lines into the Midwest had been effectively stopped by the Appalachian Mountains, but by 1850 improved construction technology had made further advances possible.B.Rail lines to Chicago and on to the East made it easier to get Midwestern goods to distant markets, while growing demand encouraged crop specialization and led to higher crop prices.C.Because of the growing volume of traffic coming by rail from the Northeast and Midwest, the value of goods arriving in New Orleans for shipment to markets abroad increased dramatically.D.Access to rail lines combined with the development of more-efficient farming equipment allowed e fertile land of the open prairies to be used for large-scale commercial agriculture.E.Reduction of annual prairie fires allowed trees to reappear, and native grasses were replaced by a few commercially grown plants as previously unbroken grasslands were divided into large fenced fields.F.Native Americans had grown corn on the prairies for years but had not produced large surpluses because the varieties they planted had far poorer yields than those introduced by commercial farmers.托福阅读TPO33第2篇答案:铁路和商品化农业1.否定细节题：定位句By 1850 the United States possessed roughly 9,000 miles of railroad track;对应A 选项。
新托福阅读介绍 sunny
1、 熟词僻义 注：直接按照脑中记忆来答题 （1） 后面还需验证 （2）除了背单词还要背词组（No better than= the same as） 2、 利用词根词缀的含义辅助我们猜答案（尤其是找词缀来 确定倾向）
3、
代入到原文考预感判断
4、 利用上下文进行推理（这是验证时的手段） 因为符合上下文的不一定是对的，不符合上下文的一定不对。
基础能力
词汇
语法 获取信息
有效地扫描原文，寻找关键事实和重要信息
提高阅读效率和速度
基本理解
理解中心或主题思想、主要观点、重要事实和细节、语境中的词汇意义以及代词指 代
对文章所暗示的内容做出推论 理解文章内文概要 认知文章的结构和写作目的 理解观点之间的相互联系 能够将文章主要观点和重要细节组织成分类图表或概要
2. 指代题(Reference Question)
考查读者认定代词与其它首语重复机制以及先行词/后置 词的关系的能力。
3. 事实信息题( Factual Information Question)
考查读者抓住文章中阐明的信息，并排除干扰回答问题 的能力。读者的任务是在题中某意译的短语选出一个与文章 中某相应句子建立对应关系。此题型虽然有难度，数量也较 大，但属于老题型。
10. 完成表格题 (Fill in The Table Question）
考查考生从文章中归纳和组织主要但分散的观点和其他相 关重要信息的能力。这种题型是听力部分填表题的在阅读部 分的深化和发展。它同样是考查读者对分散信息点的进行简 单的归类整理。
新托福阅读分数换算表30题
新托福阅读分数换算表30题摘要：1.新托福阅读考试简介2.新托福阅读分数换算表3.30 题的具体考试内容4.如何提高新托福阅读分数正文：【新托福阅读考试简介】新托福（TOEFL iBT）是Test of English as a Foreign Language 的缩写，即英语作为外语的测试，是由美国教育测试服务机构（ETS）主办，用于评估非英语母语国家人士的英语能力。
新托福阅读是新托福考试的四个部分之一，其考试形式为计算机测试，考试时间为60 分钟，共30 道题目。
【新托福阅读分数换算表】新托福阅读的分数换算表如下：- 正确答案数量| 分数范围--------- | ---------0-5 | 20-306-12 | 31-4013-19 | 41-5020-25 | 51-6026-29 | 61-7030 | 71-80【30 题的具体考试内容】新托福阅读的30 道题目分为三类：事实细节题、推理判断题和推断题。
具体内容包括：1.事实细节题：这类题目主要测试考生对文章中具体信息的理解和记忆能力。
答案通常可以直接从文章中找到。
2.推理判断题：这类题目要求考生根据文章的信息进行推断和判断。
答案通常需要结合文章的多个信息点进行推断。
3.推断题：这类题目要求考生根据文章的信息进行更深层次的推断和判断。
答案通常需要考生对文章的主题和作者的观点有一定的理解。
【如何提高新托福阅读分数】要提高新托福阅读分数，可以从以下几个方面进行：1.提高英语基础能力：阅读能力的提高离不开英语基础能力的提升，包括词汇量、语法知识和阅读速度等。
2.熟悉考试题型：了解新托福阅读的考试题型和解题技巧，可以帮助考生更有效地应对考试。
3.多做练习：通过大量的阅读练习，可以提高考生的阅读速度和理解能力，同时也能帮助考生熟悉考试题型。
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新托福阅读每篇多少道题为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，提高成绩，下面小编给大家带来新托福阅读每篇多少题，希望大家喜欢!新托福阅读每篇多少题一、托福阅读题目设置正常情况下，托福阅读一共有3篇文章，如果出现加试，就会多出一篇文章，每篇文章设有12-14个题目，以选择题为主。
除最后一道试题外，其他试题都是针对文章的某一部分进行提问的，试题以单选题为主，其出现顺序和文章的段落顺序是一致的。
最后一道题是针对整篇文章进行提问的，要求考生从多个选项中挑选若干项对全文进行总结和归纳。
二、托福阅读题型介绍托福阅读共包括十种类型的题目，它们分别是：1. Factual Information questions(事实信息题)2. Negative Factual Information questions(否定事实信息题)3. Inference questions(推论题)4. Rhetorical Purpose questions(修辞目的题)5. Vocabulary questions(词汇题)6. Reference questions(指代题)7. Sentence Simplification questions(句子简化题)8. Insert Text question(句子插入题)9. Prose Summary(文章总结题)10. Fill in a Table(表格填写题)三、托福阅读题目分类综合以上十种题型，托福阅读又可分为两大类：一类是基础理解题，一类是篇章应用题。
题型1-8属于基础理解题，主要考查考生根据文章的词汇、句法和语义内容理解把握重要信息的能力;题型9、10属于篇章应用题，主要考查考生把握篇章结构的能力。
由此可见，基础理解题占据了托福阅读试题的绝大部分，也就是说，出题者总喜欢把注意力放在具体的细节上，绝大多数问题都与文章中出现的具体信息有关，答案基本上都能在文章中找到。
但是大家也不能忽视了最后一道大题的重要性，因为只有把握了整篇文章的逻辑结构，才有助于更好地理解全文内容，提高做题的正确率。
四、托福阅读题目分值分布1. 基础理解题基础理解题(题型1-8)以单选为主，每题1分。
2. 文章总结题文章总结题(题型9)满分为2分，要求考生从6个选项中选出3个最能概括文章内容的选项，如果这道题没有选对答案或只选对1个选项，不得分;如果这道题选对2个选项，得1分;如果这道题选对了3个选项，得2分。
3. 表格填写题表格填写题(题型10)满分为3分。
这道题会有2或3栏/行表格，包括5个正确答案选项。
考生需要在备选答案中挑出正确选项，并将正确选项拖入表格中的相应位置。
表格填写题满分为3分。
没有答对或只答对1或2个答案不得分;答对3个答案得1分;答对4个答案得2分;5个全对得满分3分。
托福阅读句意解释题这类型题目的题干表达为：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.解决这类题目的三种方法：第一种：在保持原句序基本不变的前提下进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;第二种：在句序不变的前提下再进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;第三种：对原句进行总结性重复。
下面我们通过一个例子来看这些方法的具体应用：Small marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert marketer.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A marketer who is not so smart should be more concerned with the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.It is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. I t is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with.Marketers should focus on the factors that account for difference rather than the difference themselves.Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences.解题：首先，我们来分析这个句子，整个主句的主语为Small marketers，谓语为be concerned with，宾语为factors，这个分析完成之后，我们采用同意替换的方法，替换其中的重点词组-谓语be concerned with，其同义词为focus on。
这样替换完之后把两个句子的意思进行比较，得出正确答案C。
这道题目采用了第一种方法。
托福阅读推理题的解析推理题的题干中常出现infer, imply , most likely (least likely) 或probably 等词语。
根据OG，在IBT 阅读的3篇文章中，每篇会有0-2道这类问题，一次考试总共有3-4道推断题。
一、推理题的两大分类：有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题。
这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。
根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。
一般来说，大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。
对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。
返回原文找信息点，采用排除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。
二、推理题的三个具体的解题思路：1、一般对比推理：根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。
2、时间对比推理：在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。
当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。
3、集合概念推理：一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。
反之，相同。
这个比较抽象，我们来看一个例子：例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better ruraltransportation.文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。
由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降，所以(B)为正确答案。
三、解答这类题目需要注意的信息点：1.日期和数字。
2.关键词：表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词：may, can , could…;表示过去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的： not only ,not exclusively等。
托福阅读如何拿到28分分数要求想得28分以上，一般就是错3个左右，也就是不含加试一篇一个。
我给自己的要求：不能错词汇题以外的任何题阅读时间：15分钟一篇，一篇13/14道题。
(官方要求是20分钟一篇)13道题中除了4道词汇题(30‘’)1道多选题(1’30‘’)之外，其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段，大概第8题/第9题的样子，是一段会出2道理解题的段落。