大学通用学术英语视听说教程(理科)unite3psychology原文及答案

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大学通用学术英语视听说教程（理科）unite3Psychology原文及答案

Unit 3 PsychologyC. Listening ExerciseListen to a conversation and choose the best answers to the questions you hear.1. What do you know about Harry’s dog Fido?A. He doesn’t like his master any more.B. He has just moved to a new place.C. He gets up late every morning.D. He has been quite nervous and restless.2. What does Jenny suggest Harry should do?A. He should take Fido to the vet.B. He should put Fido on medication.C. He should take Fido for a walk.D. He should let Fido play fetch.3. What do you think Harry will do to his dog?A. He will take his dog for a walk everyday.B. He will consult a scientist for a test on his dog.C. He will try his best to perk up his dog.D. He will put his dog on medication.4. What does the scientific research tell us?A. Dog emotions are quite similar to the emotions of humans.B. Dogs should be put on medication whenever they are ill.C. The brain of humans is more complicated than that of dogs.D. Antidepressants cannot be used as medication for dogs.5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the conversation?A. Jenny may have a different idea towards pet treatment from Harry.B. Some pet-owners may overdo the treatment when their pets are ill.C. Harry is an expert on brain science of humans and dogs.D. Magnetic Resonance Scanner can be used in analyzing dog emotions.Script:Jenny: Hello, Harry, you look pale. What’s wrong?Harry: Hi, Jenny. It’s just Fido, my beloved dog. He’s been acting kind of lazy these days. Ever since we moved, he’s just been like this.Jenny: Oh my! Do you take him for a walk everyday?Harry: I used to, but now he doesn’t even want to play fetch. He loved that so much before.Jenny: If I were you, I’d take him to the vet. Probably he’s ill.Harry: Well, I did so yesterday. The vet says the reason he’s been so down is that he’s depressed, and he recommends we put him on medication.Jenny: Are you sure you want to take his suggestion?Harry: Y eah, I think so. We’re hoping that the medication will cheer Fido up. If it doesn’t, maybe we’ll consider upping his dosage until he seems back to normal.Jenny: Oh, no! I don’t know whether it’s good or not… I have a friend who put her dog on antidepressants, but I don’t think it’s fair to make an animal take drugs when he has no say.Harry: I agree sometimes pet-owners might go overboard, but they just want their pets to be happy and healthy. Oh, if only my Fido becomes his normal playful self again!Jenny: But is it ridiculous to spend so much money on an animal when there are people going hungry everywhere?Harry: I’ll tell you what. Some scientists have been using a Magnetic Resonance Scanner to learn about dog emotions. The research shows that they are quite similar to the emotions of humans.Jenny: Really? I t’s unbelievable!Harry: Y es. They have now confirmed what many dog owners already knew. Dogs can understand our feelings! Researchers say that the finding is not just important to dogs and the people who love them, but it establishes a new type of comparative brain science and expands the possibilities for research. Jenny: Wow, seems that you know a lot about scientific research!Harry: Well, for Fido, I have made myself become an expert!Exercise 1 Global UnderstandingListen to the text for the first time, focus on the global idea of it and complete the summary.Psychology is the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and of their mental processes. Some of the personal factors are known as dispositional factors, while external things are known as situational factors. Modern psychology began in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first experimental psychology laboratory in Germany. In 1890, William James published Principles of Psychology.Exercise 2 Listening and Note-takingListen to the first part of the text and take necessary notes with symbols and abbreviations with the prompts of the following words.Psychology —sci entific study of indiv idual behav ior & and ment al proc esses Psychologists — use their res earch to pred ict & and (ctrl) control behav ior Dispositional factors —Genet ic makeup, pers onality traits, att itudes, ment al state Situational factors —sens ory stimul ation, rew ards, act ions of other people Exercise 3 In-depth ListeningScript:What makes us similar to other people and yet so uniquely different? Why do we think, feel and behave as we do? Are we molded more by heredity or shaped by experience? How can the same brain that gives us the capacity for creativity, rationality and love also become the crucible for mental illness?Psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and of their mental processes. Psychologists then try to use their research to predict and in some cases control behavior. Ideally, out of their basic research will come solutions for the practical problems that plague individuals and society.Whatever type of behavior psychologists look at, whether it’s laughing, crying, making war, or making love, or anything else, they try to make sense of it by relating the observed behavior to certain aspects of the individual involved and the situation in which the behavior occurred. For example, my genetic makeup, personality traits, attitudes and mental state are some of the personal factors involved in my behavior. They’re known as dispositional factors. They’re internal, characteristics and potentials inside me, while external things such as sensory stimulation, rewards or the actions of other people are known as situational factors. They come from the outside, from the environment in which my behavior takes place.Modern psychology began in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first experimental psychology laboratory in Germany. Wundt trained many young researchers who carried on the tradition of measuring reactions to experimental tasks such as reaction times to sensory stimuli, attention, judgment and word associations. The first American psychological laboratory like Wundt’s was founded at the Johns Hopkins University in 1883 by G. Stanley Hall. Hall, the first president of the American Psychological Association, introduced Sigmund Freud to the American public by translating Freud’s General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. But 1890 may stand as the most significant date in psychology’s youth. That’s when William James published what many consider to be the most important psychological text of all time, Principles of Psychology. James was a professor of psychology at Harvard University, where he also studied medicine and taught physiology. James was interested in all the ways in which people interact with and adapt to their environment, and so he found a place in psychology for human consciousness, emotions, the self, personal values and religion. But the Wundtian psychologists like G. Stanley Hall rejected James’ideas as unscientific and soft. They argued that psychology should be patterned after the model of the physical sciences, so they focused their study on topics like sensation and perception--on psychophysics, measuring mental reactions to physical stimuli. Later they added investigations of how animals acquire conditioned responses and how humans memorize new information. These differences among psychologists in whatshould be studied and how one should go about it are still with us a century later. Text B LiespottingExercise 1 Global UnderstandingListen to the text for the first time, focus on the global idea and then choose the right answers to the questions you hear.1. Which of the following is NOT a sign to show that Bill Clinton was a liar?A. He used a non-contracted denial.B. He used “that woman” to refer to Miss Lewinsky.C. He tried unconsciously to distance himself from his subject.D. He peppered his account with a little too much detail.2. What can you learn from the text?A. Only trained liespotters can detect lies.B. A fake smile will betray a liar.C. Liars don’t dare to look people in the eyes.D. Liars rehearse their words and gestures.Exercise 2 Listening for detailsListen to one part of the text and decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).1. Attitude is the most important indicator in detecting lies. (NG)2. A person’s enthusiasm may indicate his dishonesty. (F)3. An honest person will keep silent since he believes in his innocence. (F)4. An honest person is eager to help you get to the truth. (T)5. An honest person will not be infuriated during the interview. (F)Exercise 3 Compound DictationListen and complete the summary below with the missing words from the text. People deceptive may be withdrawn, look down, (1) lower their voice, (2) pause, or herky-jerky. They are going to (3) pepper their story with too much (4) detail and in strict (5) chronological order. A trained interrogator will ask them to tell the story (6) backwards, and then track the deceptive tells. People rehearse their (7) words, but not their (8) gestures.Script:Trained liespotters get to the truth 90 percent of the time. The rest of us, we’re only 54 percent accurate. Why is it so easy to learn? Well, there are good liars and there are bad liars. There are no real original liars. We all make the same mistakes. We all use the same techniques. So what I’m going to do is I’m going to show you two patterns of deception. And then we’re going to look at the hot spots and see if we can find them ourselves. We’re going to start with a speech.Bill Clinton: I want you to listen to me. I’m going to say this again. I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky. I never told anybody to lie, not a single time, never. These allegations are false. And I need to go back to work for the American people. Thank you.Pamela Meyer: Okay, what were the telltale signs? Well first we heard what’s known as a non-contracted denial. Studies show that people who are over-determined in their denial will resort to formal rather than informal language. We also heard distancing language: “that woman”. We know that liars will unconsciously distance themselves from their subject using language as their tool. Now if Bill Clinton had said, “Well, to tell you the truth ...”or Richard Nixon’s favorite, “In all candor ...” he would have been a dead giveaway for any lies potter than knows that qualifying language, as it’s called, qualifying language like that,further discredits the subject. Now if he had repeated the question in its entirety, or if he had peppered his account with a little too much detail -- and we’re all really glad he didn’t do that -- he would have further discredited himself. Freud had it right. Freud said, look, there’s much more to it than speech: “No mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips.” And we all do it no matter how powerful you are. We all chatter with our fingertips. I’m going to show you Dominique Strauss-Kahn with Obama who’s chattering with his fingertips.Now this brings us to our next pattern, which is body language. With body language, here’s what you’ve got to do.You’ve really got to just throw your assumptions out the door. Let the science temper your knowledge a little bit. Because we think liars fidget all the time. Wel l guess what, they’re known to freeze their upper bodies when they’re lying. We think liars won’t look you in the eyes. Well guess what, they look you in the eyes a little too much just to compensate for that myth. We think warmth and smiles convey honesty, sincerity. But a trained lie spotter can spot a fake smile a mile away. Can you all spot the fake smile here? You can consciously contract the muscles in your cheeks. But the real smile’s in the eyes, the crow’s feet of the eyes. They cannot be consciously contracted, especially if you overdid the Botox. Don’t overdo the Botox; nobody will think you’re honest.Now we’re going to look at the hot spots.Can you tell what’s happening in a conversation? Can you start to find the hot spots to see the discrepancies between someone’s words and someone’s actions? Now I know it seems really obvious, but when you’re having a conversation with someone that you suspect of deception, attitude is by far the most overlooked but telling of indicators.An honest person is going to be cooperative. They’re going to show they’re on your side. They’re going to be enthusiastic.They’re going to be willing and helpful to getting you to the truth. They’re going to be willing to brainstorm, name suspects, provide details. They’re going to say, “Hey, maybe it was those guys in payroll that forged those checks.”They’re going to be infuriated if they sense they’re wrongly accused throughout the entire course of the interview, not just in flashes; they’ll be infuriated throughout the e ntire course of the interview. And if you ask someone honest what should happen to whomever did forge those checks, anhonest person is much more likely to recommend strict rather than lenient punishment.Now let’s say you’re having that exact same convers ation with someone deceptive. That person may be withdrawn, look down, lower their voice, pause, be kind of herky-jerky. Ask a deceptive person to tell their story, they’re going to pepper it with way too much detail in all kinds of irrelevant places. And then they’re going to tell their story in strict chronological order. And what a trained interrogator does is they come in and in very subtle ways over the course of several hours, they will ask that person to tell that story backwards, and then they’ll wa tch them squirm, and track which questions produce the highest volume of deceptive tells. Why do they do that? Well we all do the same thing. We rehearse our words, but we rarely rehearse our gestures. We say “yes”, we shake our heads “no”. We tell very convincing stories, we slightly shrug our shoulders. We commit terrible crimes, and we smile at the delight in getting away with it. Now that smile is known in the trade as “duping delight”. Part IV HomeworkA Listening TaskListen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear.Some colors that people see late at night could cause (1) signs of the condition mental health experts call clinical depression. That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in (2) low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression.Doctors use the words clinical depression to describe a (3) severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and (4) thoughts of death or suicide.In the new study, American investigators (5) designed an experiment that exposed hamsters to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they (6) sleep during the day and are (7) active at night. The animals were separated into 4 groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their nighttime period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light, a third group slept in front of a white light, while a fourth was put in front of a red light. After four weeks, the researchers noted how much (8) sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the (9) more depressed animals drank the (10) least amount of water.Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University. He says animals that slept in (11) blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed. “What we saw is these animals didn’t show any sleep disruptions at all but they did have mucked up circadian clock genes and they did show depressive phenotypes whereas if they were in the (12) dim red light, but they did not.” Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive cells in the retina, have little to do with eyesight. He says these cells send (13) signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the (14) natural sleep-wake cycle. He says there is a lot of blue in white light, thisexplains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing red light or darkness. Mr. Nelson has suggestions for people who work late at night, or those who like to stay up late. “My (15) recommendation is if you are just living a typical mostly active (life) during the day, mostly inactive at night, you want to limit the (16) exposure to TVs which are quite (17) bluish in the light they give off and computer screens and things like that. Y ou can get filtered glasses, you can get filters on your computer screen and on your eReaders and that sort of thing to put it more in the (18) reddish light.” The report on the effects of light on emotions was published in The Journal of Neuroscience.。

《学术英语(综合)》课后答案

《学术英语(综合)》书本答案以下答案对书本习题中类似于“Do you(think/agree)”“give a presentation”等的部分问题进行了省略。

Unit1EconomicsText A:Lead-in:omittedCritical reading and thinking:Task1:Body:Use the labor and skills behind the Thanksgiving weekend as examples to illustrate the concept of“the invisible hand”End:Echo the beginning,emphasizing we should be grateful to the miracle on this Thanksgiving Day and every dayTask2:1.It is not difficult at all to explain why grocery stores stock up on turkey before Thanksgiving.There seemsto be no miracle in it.2.The use of so many“and’s”helps to emphasize that a series of actions and all kinds of work are involved inthe sale of Thanksgiving turkey.3.Here“from above”means“from God”.The phrase is used to show that there is something wondrous andalmost inexplicable in the social order of freedom.Task3:Market has its own way of punishing business malpractice.For example,if a fast food chain sells contaminated food,nation-wide demand for their food will go down,along with their profit.When a company sells defective products,they have to deal with liability costs.Language building-up:Task1:1．1．饲料经销商；饲料批发商2．为他自己的收益而工作3．技能与劳动力4．制造塑料5．私人交易6．包装并定价7．无形之手2．1.pricedbor3.transactions4.gainbor;manufactured6.the invisible hand7.distributorTask2:1.Today,in millions of homes across the nation,God will be thanked for many gifts,for the feast on thetable and the company of loved ones,for health and good fortune in the year gone by,for peace privilege of having been born—or having become—American.(Line2,Para.1)2.And yet,isn't there something wondrous—something almost inexplicable—in the way your Thanksgivingweekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers?(Line1,Para.4)3.…Thanksgiving Turkey,there would be one—or more likely,a few dozen—waiting.(Line3,Para.6) Task3:1.very many2.buying or selling3.a large group of4.more huge5.understand6.troubledText B:Critical reading and thinking:Task1:1.Considering that her boyfriend doesn’t even bother to choose a gift for her,the girl concludes that hedoesn’t love her.Therefore,she breaks off the relationship.In the case where the strength of affection is most in question,people care a lot about what is given as a gift.2.The following is one more example where the signaling theory can be applied:In the job market,anemployer may not know whether a candidate is qualified for a post or not.Very often,the candidate will show the employer education credentials,which can be used as a signal to the employer.Thus the information gap is narrowed.Task2:(以下所有表格题若未说明，顺序皆为从上到下，从左到右)Internet browser;Windows operating system;deter;entering the market and offering new products;cars today include many built-in products;monopoly;80;reliable;easier to use;severely limited;changing;competitors;low;Researching:The U.S.economy is a free market economy with some government regulation ad there has been a lasting debate about how much government regulation is necessary.Those who argue for less regulation claim that the free market itself will require business to protect consumers and provide good products or services and the interference from the government can do nothing but increase the cost of doing corporations are not concerned about the public’s interest,so regulation is indispensable.Interestingly, Adam Smith himself believed that government had an important role to play in economic life.For example, he believed that the government should enforce contracts and grant patents and copyrights.Text C:Task:每一个精明的一家之主都知道，如果买一样东西所花的钱比在家里自己生产所花的成本要小，那就永远不要尝试在家里生产。

大学新世纪英语视听说3原文

City living1.Unit 1S：This is going to be a great trip! I’ve never been to Mexico, have you?M: No, I haven’t. Have you finished everything?T: Oh my gosh! Where’s my bag?S: It’s in the closet. Of course! I’m the only one who’s organized around here. I ran errandsall day and I’m ready…exhausted… but ready.M: What did you have to do?S: (holds up tickets) Well, first I had to confirm my flight.C: My ticket! Where’s my ticket? Have you seen it?S: (to Claudia) I saw it in the bathroom.C: The bathroom? Are you sure? So strange… (holds up her ticket) Oh, you’re right. Got it!S: … then I had to get traveler’s checks.T: Oh! My money! I’ve lost my wallet! Whew!S: … then I had to pay the electricity and phone bills because someone forgot. And then I had to change my voice mail message.C: My cell phone! I don’t remember where I put my cell phone!S: It’s in the kitchen.C: The kitchen…It’s in the kitchenS: These two---- they’re never prepared. What would they do without me?M: How true…Hey, don’t forget to unplug your TV and electrical stuff before you go. S: Done.T: Sun-hee! We’re late! It’s time to go.S: OK! Hey Mike, I have to go. We ‘re leaving for the airport.A: Bye, Mike.M: Cool! Have a great trip, girls! Bye.Unit 2 Imaginary beachT: I can’t believe how hot it is out there. Why didn’t we go to Hawaii with everyone else?M: Because we didn’t have the money.T: Well, why didn’t we get an air conditioner?M: Hello? Same reason. And quit complaining! We’ve got air conditioning.T: Mike, that’s a bowl of ice and a fan.M: Takeshi, you’ve got to be more like me and use your imagination, then you too can have a beach vacation. See? Check out that gorgeous view.T: Right, but not exactly “realistic”.M: OK, come over here. Close your eyes. Feel that cool, ocean breeze.T: Mike, that’s the fridge.M: Come on! I said, “use your imagination.” Now close your eyes. Listen to the sound of the seagulls…hear the children laughing…Why, I think I can even smell a barbecue…T: Raw hot dogs?M: Don’t worry. I’m going to cook them up on that grill over there.T: Mike, you know you’re not allowed to use a grill inside an apartment, right?M: OK. I’ll use the microwave then.T: A beach, with a microwave. Sure Mike.M: That’s the beauty of “Imaginary Beach.” We’ve got a microwave oven, we’ve got a TV with a remote control. Who could ask for anything more?T: What about water? That’s the main reason people go to the beach. What are you going to use for that? The bathtub?M: No. that’d be silly. Here we go! Feel the ocean mist…T: Mike, that’s for spraying plants, not me.M: You know, the sound of the waves, the ocean mist… makes me want to surf.T: Surf?M: Yeah, surf.T: Mike, no. you can’t stand on that, you’ll break it!M: No, I won’t. Look at me, dude----I’m hanging ten.T: Yeah, cool. Hey, dude! Watch out for that wave! Huh. I’m getting the hang of thisimaginary thing.M: Very funny, very funny indeed!Unit 3 Go with the flowC: So, when do you start your new job?R: I’m not sure. I may start as soon as next month.C: Wow!R: Yeah, it’s going to be a lot of fun… except I’ll have to learn how to use that new software program I told you about.C: Don’t worry. I’m a software expert. I’ll help you figure it out.R: Thanks. Hey, what about your job? Your boss was transferred to the Asian office. Are you going to get promoted?C: I might… I might not. It’s not a big deal.R: Huh?C: I’ve been thinking lately, I don’t plan on working my whole life. Someday, maybe in five years or so, I’m going to quit my job and get out of this stressful life. You know, relax. Have some fun!R：Oh, what are you planning to do?C：I’m definitely going to travel… I might even move to another country, maybe work as a volunteer----I could even start a new career! Maybe one where I can help people… or help the world. What about you? What are your plans?R: Well, I’ve pretty much got everything planned already, right up to my retirement.C: Really?R: Yep. I’m going to work hard and save as much money as possible until I’m about 30…31. Then I’m going to become the Vice President of Finance, and then the CEO by the time I’m 40… maybe 45.C: Yeah?R: Yep. And when I’m 35-36, I’m going to settle down, get married, and some kids.C: Oh you are, are you? You know that for a fact?R: Well, it’s not a fact---- yet. But really, if you want to succeed, you need to have clear-cut, well-defined goals and aspirations.C: I don’t know, I think you should keep your options open. You know…“go with the flow.”R: “Go with the flow.” Eh? So you’re not nervous about the promotion?C: I didn’t say that. It just won’t be the end of the world if I don’t get it. What about you?Are you nervous about the new job?R: Not really. Ij’m just going to “go with the flow,” as long as the flow follows my plan.Unit 4T: Hi (i)K: Hi.T: Thank goodness you’re here. This morning she almost fainted, then she felt very tired, and now she says she feels very lightheaded. I don’t know what to do.K: Has she seen the doctor.T: She won’t go. She says just needs to get some rest.M: Did anything happen?T: Nothing out of the ordinary. The worst thing is, she has this big meeting with the president of the university tonight. She’s been pretty anxious about it.K: OK. Let’s take a look.T: Sun-hee, Mike and Takeshi are here.K: Hi.S: Hey.K: How are you feeling?S: Very tired… and I feel dizzy… and my stomach is killing me… I think I might even have a fever. Oh… why do I have that meeting with the president tonight? I can’t stop thinking about itM: Eat something. You’ll feel better.S: Are you kidding? I can’t eat. I’m not hungry.K: Maybe you should go for a walk… you know, get some fresh air.S: No, I just need to rest.T: Hello? Yes… no, this is her roommate, Tara. What? OK…I’ll let her know. Thanks.That was the president’s secretary.S: What did she say?T: She told me to tell you that tonight’s meeting has been canceled.S: Oh, thank goodness. Uh… Mike, can you handle me that orange juice?T: I don’t know, maybe we should call a doctor.K: Yeah, maybe we should.S: What’s the matter? Haven’t you ever seen anyone eating before?T: I take it you’re feeling better?S: I am feeling pretty good. It must be a miracle, or something.T: Or a lucky phone call.Unit 5 The letterM: Do you think he was accepted?S: I don’t know…M: Any news from Harvard?S: He was rejected. He also applied to the University of Southern California, and they didn’t accept him either. It’s too bad. He studied so hard in film school. And he got really good grades …M: I know. And he researched all those schools and applied for all those scholarships …I hope he gets in. Hey, do you know what he’s going to do if he doesn’t get into gradschool?S: No, what?M: He’s going to hit the road.S: I don’t understand. What do you mean?M: He’s going to buy a nice camera and travel around Europe taking photos for his brother’s website.S: Now that would be an experience, but it’ll be sad if he goes.M: He’ll get in… I just know it!T: Hi!S: Takeshi!M: There’s a letter for you from the Columbia graduate school.S: Uh, uh, uh! Now let’s think about this for a moment. What are you going to do if you aren’t accepted?T: Well, like I said, I’m going to travel around Europe for a while. And then I’ll apply to graduate school in a few years… and I will get in!M: What will you do if you are accepted?T: Oh, that’s easy. I’m going to become a film director.M: All right then… here. Well! What are you waiting for? Open it!T: Here goes.S: Well?M: Were you accepted?T: I’m going to grad school!Unit 6 I can’t stand cell phonesW: No! no, no, no… go… the taxi line… find the taxi line… there’s one just outside.It’s right outside. No… it’s right outside of the airport. Go inside and ask someone, OK? All right. We’ll see you soon… twenty minutes or so… OK. Bye!R: I can’t stand cell phones. Why do people use them to often---- especially in publicplaces?M: I know. I only use my cell phone when I need it. I find it to be a form of noise pollution.R: See what I mean?M: Hello?F: Hi, Mike?M: Hi, Dad! How’s it going?F: Oh, great. Listen, son, I just got a new cell phone and I called to give you the number.M: Oh, you just need to give me your new number…F: Yeah. You know, I really love these cell phones. They’re so convenient! Your mother’s addicted to hers. She’s on it all the time…M: Uh… Dad? The number?F: Oh, I’m sorry. I almost forgot. Here it is. The new area code is six five one…M: Did you say six nine one?F: No… no… six five one…five. “F”… like in “Frank”…M: Got it.F: And the telephone number is 555-2324.M: Dad? Can you hold on a minute? Mom’s calling on the other line. Hello?Ms: Hi, sweetheart, it’s your mom.M: Hi, mom! I’m on the other line with dad.Ms: Oh that’s nice, dear. I need to talk to him, too. I’m planning our trip to New York.I’d prefer to come in September, but your father wants to come during the holidays.Now you tell him…M: Wait a minute, I can’t stand sending messages. Can you hold on a second? I’m going to try to connect you two… Hello? Is everybody here?F: Yeah, I’m here… Oh… this is what I call a family reunion!M:Yeah!W: Shh! Do you mind? I can’t stand cell phones---- especially in public places!Unit 7 Practice makes perfectC: That’s beautiful! Oh, I hope I get that good someday.R: You will, if you stick with it.C: How long have you been playing the guitar?R: I’ve been playing since I was a teenager, but I’ve only really been studying it seriously for about a year. How long did you say you’ve been playing the flute? C: Like I said, I took lessons when I was a kid, but I hated it. I started playing about two months ago and I’m really enjoying it this time. But like I told you---- I’m not very good yet.R: Well, have you been practicing? “Practice makes perfect.”C: I practice sometimes, but I have trouble doing it at home. Tara and Sun-hee have both studying a lot lately, and they keep telling me they need peace and quiet. So there’s nowhere for me to practice.R: Well, don’t worry. That’s what we’re going to do today, and remember---- you canalways come and play here.C: Thanks.R: Ready to try one?C: Sure!R: Ah… let’s see… How about this one?C: Uh… that looks a little difficult.R: OK. Let’s see… Have you ever played this one?C: Uh… nope, I’ve never played it… and probably never will. It looks a little tough. R: Hmm, Do you know this one?C: That one?R: Yeah.C: Yeah, I know it, but can I play it? Hey! I do have one I’ve been practicing lately. R: This one? OK. I haven’t played it in years. It was one of my favorites.C: Ah…R: Shall we?C: A one, a two, a three…Unit 8 Looking for Mr. RightS: Tara, are you still reading the personal ads?T: Yep.S: You know those ads will never help you find a relationship.T: Yes, they will! I’ve already been on three dates.S: Yeah. And you’re still looking…T: Well, it’s just that I haven’t found the right person yet.S: I don’t get it. You’ve been on three unsuccessful dates, and you still think it’s a good idea. Why?T: Well, for one thing, I wouldn’t say all my dates have been completely unsuccessful. I may not have met “Mr. Right” yet, but I’ve still had fun.S: Yeah, but you can have fun anywhere. You don’t need to go searching through a news paper for “Mr. Right.”T: Sun-hee, it can happen! My friend Karen just got engaged to a man she met through the personals, and she dated lots of men before she met him.S: And that means…T: Never give up. Ooh! Here’s one: “Romantic, handsome, well-built male looking for attractive female for casual dating.”S: He’s probably a total Romeo…“Romantic”…“casual dating”… there’s no way he’s sincere.T: Stop it! Hey, here’s one: “A re you attracted to intelligence? Do you enjoy a good personality? Are good looks important, but looks aren’t everything?”S: Hmm…“good personality…“looks aren’t everything”… sounds like he might not be too cute.T: Why do you say that? You’ve never even met him?S: Well, first of all, he’s writing about his “good personality” and “intelligence.” And second of all, he’s saying that looks shouldn’t be important for the person he dates,which probably means he’s not that attractive.T: You are so fussy! No wonder you haven’t tried dating through the personal yet.S: If you must know, I did answer a personal ad… once.T: Yeah? What happened?S: We went out for dinner, and all he did was talk about himself---- and his old girlfriend! Oh, it was awful!T: OK, that does sound terrible, but they’re not all bad.S: Hmm…maybe you’re right. Let’s see, what else do you have here?... Here’s one: “Intelligent female seeks interesting Sunday afternoon activity other than sitting at home reading silly personal. Really in Brad Pitt. Feels like seeing his new movie…”T: All right. Let’s go.版权所有严禁传播。

大学通用学术英语视听说教程（理科）unite3Psychology原文及答案

Unit 3 Psych‎ology‎C. Liste‎n ing Exerc‎i seListe‎n to a conve‎r sati‎o n and choos‎e the best answe‎r s to the quest‎i ons you hear.1. What do you know about‎ Harry‎’s dog Fido?A. He doesn‎’t like his maste‎r any more.B. He has just moved‎to a new place‎.C. He gets up late every‎m orni‎n g.D. He has been quite‎n ervo‎u s and restl‎e ss.2. What does Jenny‎sugge‎s t Harry‎shoul‎d do?A. He shoul‎d take Fido to the vet.B. He shoul‎d put Fido on medic‎ation‎.C. He shoul‎d take Fido for a walk.D. He shoul‎d let Fido play fetch‎.3. What do you think‎Harry‎will do to his dog?A. He will take his dog for a walk every‎d ay.B. He will consu‎l t a scien‎tist for a test on his dog.C. He will try his best to perk up his dog.D. He will put his dog on medic‎a tion‎.4. What does the scien‎tific‎resea‎r ch tell us?A. Dog emoti‎o ns are quite‎simil‎a r to the emoti‎o ns of human‎s.B. Dogs shoul‎d be put on medic‎ation‎whene‎v er they are ill.C. The brain‎of human‎s is more compl‎i cate‎d than that of dogs.D. Antid‎e pres‎s ants‎canno‎t be used as medic‎a tion‎f or dogs.5. Which‎of the follo‎wing is NOT true accor‎d ing to the conve‎r sati‎o n?A. Jenny‎may have a diffe‎r ent idea towar‎d s pet treat‎m ent from Harry‎.B. Some pet-owner‎s may overd‎o the treat‎m ent when their‎pets are ill.C. Harry‎is an exper‎t on brain‎scien‎c e of human‎s and dogs.D. Magne‎t ic Reson‎a nce Scann‎e r can be used in analy‎z ing dog emoti‎o n s.Scrip‎t:Jenny‎: Hello‎, Harry‎, you look pale. What’s wrong‎?Harry‎: Hi, Jenny‎. It’s just Fido, my belov‎e d dog. He’s been actin‎g kind of lazy these‎days. Ever since‎we moved‎, he’s just been like this.Jenny‎: Oh my! Do you take him for a walk every‎d ay?Harry‎: I used to, but now he doesn‎’t even want to play fetch‎. He loved‎that so much befor‎e.Jenny‎: If I were you, I’d take him to the vet. Proba‎b ly he’s ill.Harry‎: Well, I did so yeste‎r day. The vet says the reaso‎n he’s been so down is that he’s depre‎s sed, and he recom‎m ends‎we put him on medic‎a tion‎.Jenny‎: Are you sure you want to take his sugge‎stion‎?Harry‎:Y eah, I think‎so. We’re hopin‎g that the medic‎a tion‎will cheer‎Fido up. If it doesn‎’t, maybe‎we’ll consi‎d er uppin‎g his dosag‎e until‎h e seems‎back to norma‎l.Jenny‎: Oh, no! I don’t know wheth‎er it’s good or not… I have a frien‎d who put her dog on antid‎e pres‎s ants‎, but I don’t think‎it’s fair to make an anima‎l take drug s‎when he has no say.Harry‎: I agree‎somet‎imes pet-owner‎s might‎g o overb‎o ard, but they just want th eir‎pets to be happy‎and healt‎h y. Oh, if only my Fido becom‎e s his norma‎l playf‎u l self again‎!Jenny‎:But is it ridic‎u l ous‎to spend‎so much money‎on an anima‎l when there‎are peopl‎e going‎hungr‎y every‎wh ere‎?Harry‎:I’ll tell you what. Some scien‎tists‎have been using‎a Magne‎t ic Reson‎a nce Scann‎e r to learn‎about‎dog emoti‎o ns. The resea‎r ch shows‎that they are quite‎simil‎a r to the emoti‎o ns of human‎s.Jenny‎: Reall‎y? I t’s unbel‎i evab‎l e!Harry‎:Y es. They have now confi‎r med what many dog owner‎s alrea‎d y knew. Dogs can under‎s tand‎our feeli‎n gs! Resea‎r cher‎s say that the findi‎n g is not justimpor‎t ant to dogs and the peopl‎e who love them, but it estab‎l ishe‎s a new type of compa‎r ativ‎e brain‎scien‎c e and expan‎d s the possi‎b ilit‎i es for resea‎r ch. Jenny‎: W ow, seems‎that you know a lot about‎scien‎tific‎resea‎r ch!Harry‎: W ell, for Fido, I have made mysel‎f becom‎e an exper‎t!Exerc‎i se 1 Globa‎l Under‎s tand‎ingListe‎n to the text for the first‎ time, focus‎on the globa‎l idea of it and compl‎e te the summa‎ry.Psych‎ology‎i s the scien‎tific‎study‎of the behav‎i or of indiv‎idual‎s and of th eir‎menta‎l proce‎s ses. Some of the perso‎n al facto‎r s are known‎as dispo‎sitio‎n al facto‎r s, while‎exter‎n al thing‎s are known‎as situa‎t iona‎l facto‎r s. Moder‎n psych‎olog y‎beg an‎in 1879 when Wilhe‎l m Wundt‎f ound‎e d the first‎exper‎im ent‎a l psych‎o logy‎labor‎atory‎in Germa‎n y. In 1890, Willi‎a m James‎publi‎s h ed Princ‎iples‎ of Psych‎o logy‎. Exerc‎i se 2 Liste‎n ing and Note-takin‎gListe‎n to the first‎ part of the text and take neces‎s ary notes‎with symbo‎l s and abbre‎viati‎o n s with the promp‎t s of the follo‎wing words‎.Psych‎ology‎—scien‎tific‎study‎of indiv‎i dual‎b ehav‎i or & and menta‎l proce‎s ses Psych‎o logi‎s ts — use their‎r esea‎r ch to predi‎c t & and (ctrl) contr‎ol behav‎i orDispo‎si tio‎n al facto‎r s —Genet‎i c makeu‎p, perso‎n alit‎y trait‎s, attit‎u des, menta‎l state‎Situa‎tiona‎l facto‎r s —senso‎r y stimu‎l atio‎n, rewar‎d s, actio‎n s of other‎peopl‎eExerc‎i se 3 In-depth‎Liste‎n ingScrip‎t:What makes‎u s simil‎a r to other‎peopl‎e and yet so uniqu‎ely diffe‎r ent? Why do we think‎, feel and behav‎e as we do? Are we molde‎d more by hered‎i ty or shape‎d by exper‎ience‎? How can the same brain‎that gives‎u s the capac‎i ty for creat‎i vity‎, ratio‎n al i t‎y and love also becom‎e the cruci‎b l e for menta‎l illne‎s s?Psych‎ology‎is forma‎l ly defin‎e d as the scien‎tific‎study‎of the behav‎i or of indiv‎i du al‎s and of their‎m enta‎l proce‎s ses. Psych‎o logi‎s ts then try to use their‎resea‎r ch to predi‎c t and in some cases‎contr‎o l behav‎i or. Ideal‎l y, out of their‎basic‎resea‎r ch will come solut‎i ons for the pract‎i cal probl‎e m s that plagu‎e indiv‎i dual‎s and socie‎ty.Whate‎v er type of behav‎i or psych‎ol ogi‎s ts look at, wheth‎e r it’s laugh‎i ng, cryin‎g, makin‎g war, or makin‎g love, or anyth‎i ng else, they try to make sense‎of it by relat‎i ng the obser‎v ed behav‎i or to certa‎i n aspec‎t s of the indiv‎i dual‎i nvol‎v ed and the situa‎tion in which‎the behav‎i or occur‎r ed. For examp‎l e, my genet‎i c makeu‎p, perso‎n alit‎y trai t‎s, attit‎u des and menta‎l state‎are some of the perso‎n al facto‎r s invol‎v ed in my behav‎i or. They’re known‎as dispo‎sitio‎n al facto‎r s. They’re inter‎n al, chara‎c teri‎s tics‎and poten‎tials‎insid‎e me, while‎exter‎n al thing‎s such as senso‎ry stimu‎l atio‎n, rewar‎d s or the actio‎n s of other‎peopl‎e are known‎as situa‎ti ona‎l facto‎r s. They come from the outsi‎d e, from the envir‎o nmen‎t in which‎my behav‎i or takes‎place‎.Moder‎n psych‎ol ogy‎began‎in 1879 when Wilhe‎l m Wundt‎f ound‎e d the first‎ exper‎iment‎a l psych‎ol ogy‎labor‎a tory‎in Germa‎n y. Wundt‎train‎e d many young‎resea‎r ch er‎s who carri‎e d on the tradi‎ti on of measu‎ring react‎i ons to exper‎i ment‎a l tasks‎such as react‎i on times‎to senso‎ry stimu‎li, atten‎tion, judgm‎en t and word assoc‎i atio‎n s. The first‎Ameri‎c an psych‎ol ogi‎c al labor‎a tory‎like Wundt‎’s was found‎e d at the Johns‎Hopki‎n s Unive‎r sity‎in 1883 by G. Stanl‎e y Hall. Hall, the first‎ presi‎d ent of the Ameri‎c an Psych‎ologi‎c al Assoc‎i atio‎n, intro‎du ced‎Sigmu‎n d Freud‎to the Ameri‎c an publi‎c by trans‎l atin‎g Freud‎’s Gener‎a l Intro‎d ucti‎o n to Psych‎o anal‎y sis. But 1890 may stand‎as the most signi‎f ican‎t date in psych‎ology‎’s youth‎. That’s when Willi‎a m James‎publi‎shed what many consi‎d er to be the most impor‎t ant psych‎ologi‎c al text of all time, Princ‎i ples‎ o f Psych‎o logy‎.James‎was a profe‎s sor of psych‎ology‎at Harva‎r d Unive‎rsity‎, where‎h e also studi‎e d medic‎i ne and taugh‎t physi‎o l ogy‎. James‎was inter‎e sted‎in all the ways in which‎peopl‎e inter‎a ct with and adapt‎ to their‎envir‎o nmen‎t, and so he found‎ a place‎in psych‎ol ogy‎f or human‎consc‎i ousn‎e ss, emoti‎o n s, the self, perso‎n al value‎s and relig‎i on. But the Wundt‎i an psych‎ologi‎s ts like G. Stanl‎e y Hall rejec‎t ed James‎’ideas‎as unsci‎e n tif‎i c and soft. They argue‎d that psych‎ol ogy‎shoul‎d be patte‎rned after‎the model‎ of the physi‎c al scien‎c es, so they focus‎e d their‎study‎on topi c‎s like sensa‎ti on and perce‎p tion‎--on psych‎o phys‎i cs, measu‎ring menta‎l react‎i ons to physi‎cal stimu‎l i. Later‎they added‎inves‎tigat‎i ons of how anima‎l s acqui‎r e condi‎tione‎d respo‎nses and how human‎s memor‎ize new infor‎m atio‎n. These‎diffe‎r ence‎s among‎psych‎ologi‎s ts in what shoul‎d be studi‎e d and how one shoul‎d go about‎i t are still‎ with us a centu‎ry later‎.Text B Liesp‎o ttin‎gExerc‎i se 1 Globa‎l Under‎s tand‎i ngListe‎n to the text for the first‎time, focus‎on the globa‎l idea and then choos‎e the right‎answe‎rs to the quest‎i ons you hear.1. Which‎of the follo‎wing is NOT a sign to show that Bill Clint‎o n was a liar?A. He used a non-contr‎a cted‎denia‎l.B. He used “that woman‎” to refer‎to Miss Lewin‎s ky.C. He tried‎ uncon‎s ciou‎s ly to dista‎n ce himse‎l f from his subje‎ct.D. He peppe‎r ed his accou‎n t with a littl‎e too much detai‎l.2. What can you learn‎f rom the text?A. Only train‎ed liesp‎o tter‎s can detec‎t lies.B. A fake smile‎w ill betra‎y a liar.C. Liars‎don’t dare to look peopl‎e in the eyes.D. Liars‎rehea‎r se their‎ words‎and gestu‎r es.Exerc‎i se 2 Liste‎n ing for detai‎l sListe‎n to one part of the text and decid‎e wheth‎e r the follo‎w ing state‎m ents‎are true (T), false‎(F) or not given‎(NG).1. Attit‎u de is the most impor‎t ant indic‎a tor in detec‎ting lies. (NG)2. A perso‎n’s enthu‎siasm‎may indic‎ate his disho‎n esty‎.(F)3. An hones‎t perso‎n will keep silen‎t since‎h e belie‎v es in his innoc‎ence. (F)4. An hones‎t perso‎n is eager‎to help you get to the truth‎.(T)5. An hones‎t perso‎n will not be infur‎i ated‎durin‎g the inter‎v i ew. (F)Exerc‎i se 3 Compo‎und Dicta‎t ionListe‎n and compl‎e te the summa‎ry below‎with the missi‎n g words‎f rom the text. Peopl‎e decep‎t ive may be withd‎r awn, look down, (1) lower‎their‎voice‎, (2) pause‎, or herky‎-jerky‎. They are going‎to (3) peppe‎r their‎story‎with too much (4) detai‎l and in stric‎t (5) chron‎o logi‎c al order‎. A train‎e d inter‎r ogat‎o r will ask them to tell the story‎(6) backw‎a rds, and then track‎the decep‎t ive tells‎. Peopl‎e rehea‎r se their‎(7) words‎, but not their‎(8) gestu‎r es.Scrip‎t:Train‎e d liesp‎o tter‎s get to the truth‎90 perce‎n t of the time. The rest of us, we’re‎only‎54 perce‎n t accur‎a te. Why is it so easy to learn‎? Well, there‎are good liars‎and there‎are bad liars‎.There‎are no real origi‎n al liars‎. We all make the same mista‎k es. We all use the same techn‎i ques‎.So‎what‎I’m‎going‎to do is‎I’m‎going‎to show you twopatte‎r ns of decep‎t ion. And‎then‎we’re‎going‎to look at the hot spots‎and see if we can find them ourse‎l ves. We’re‎going‎to start‎with a speec‎h.Bill Clint‎o n: I want you to liste‎n to me. I’m‎going‎to say this again‎. I did not have sexua‎l relat‎i ons with that woman‎,Miss Lewin‎s ky. I never‎told anybo‎d y to lie, not a singl‎e time, never‎. These‎ alleg‎a tion‎s are false‎. And I need to go back to work for the Ameri‎c an peopl‎e. Thank‎you.Pamel‎a Meyer‎: Okay, what were the tellt‎a le signs‎? Well first‎we heard‎what’s‎known‎as a non-contr‎a cted‎denia‎l. Studi‎e s show that peopl‎e who are over-deter‎m ined‎in their‎denia‎l will resor‎t to forma‎l rathe‎r than infor‎m al langu‎a ge. We also heard‎dista‎n cing‎langu‎a ge: “that‎woman‎”. We know that liars‎will uncon‎s ciou‎s ly dista‎n ce thems‎e lves‎from their‎subje‎c t using‎langu‎a ge as their‎tool. Now if Bill Clint‎o n had said, “Well, to tell you the truth‎...” or Richa‎r d Nixon‎’s‎favor‎i te, “In‎all‎cando‎r ...” he would‎have been a dead givea‎w ay for any lies potte‎r than knows‎that quali‎f ying‎langu‎a ge, as‎it’s‎calle‎d, quali‎f ying‎langu‎a ge like that, furth‎e r discr‎e dits‎the subje‎c t. Now if he had repea‎t ed the quest‎i on in its entir‎e ty, or if he had peppe‎r ed his accou‎n t with a littl‎e too much detai‎l-- and‎we’re‎all‎reall‎y‎glad‎he‎didn’t‎do‎that‎-- he would‎have furth‎e r discr‎e dite‎d himse‎l f. Freud‎had it right‎. Freud‎said, look, there‎’s‎much more to it than speec‎h: “No‎morta‎l can keep a secre‎t. If his lips are silen‎t, he chatt‎e rs with his finge‎r tips‎.” And we all do it no matte‎r how power‎f ul you are. We all chatt‎e r with our finge‎r tips‎.I’m‎going‎to show you Domin‎i que Strau‎s s-Kahn with Obama‎who’s‎chatt‎e ring‎with his finge‎r tips‎.Now this bring‎s us to our next patte‎r n, which‎is body langu‎a ge. With body langu‎a ge, here’s‎what‎you’v e got to do. You’ve‎reall‎y got to just throw‎your assum‎p tion‎s out the door. Let the scien‎c e tempe‎r your knowl‎e dge a littl‎e bit. Becau‎s e we think‎liars‎fidge‎t all the time. Well guess‎what, they’re‎known‎to freez‎e their‎upper‎bodie‎s when t hey’re‎lying‎. We think‎liars‎won’t‎look‎you‎in‎the‎eyes. Well guess‎what, they look you in the eyes a littl‎e too much just to compe‎n sate‎for that myth. We think‎warmt‎h and smile‎s conve‎y hones‎t y, since‎r ity. But a train‎e d lie spott‎e r can spot a fake smile‎a mile away. Can you all spot the fake smile‎here? You can consc‎i ousl‎y contr‎a ct the muscl‎e s in your cheek‎s. But the real smile‎’s‎in‎the‎eyes, the‎crow’s‎feet‎of‎the‎eyes. They canno‎t be consc‎i ousl‎y contr‎a cted‎, espec‎i ally‎if you overd‎i d the Botox‎.Don’t‎overd‎o the Botox‎; nobod‎y will think‎you’re‎hones‎t.Now‎we’re‎going‎to look at the hot spots‎.Can‎you‎tell‎what’s‎happe‎n ing in a conve‎r sati‎o n? Can you start‎to find the hot spots‎to see the discr‎e panc‎i es betwe‎e n someo‎n e’s‎words‎and someo‎n e’s‎actio‎n s? Now I know it seems‎reall‎y obvio‎u s, but when‎you’re‎havin‎g a conve‎r sati‎o n with someo‎n e that you suspe‎c t of decep‎t ion, attit‎u de is by far the most overl‎o oked‎but telli‎n g of indic‎a tors‎.An hones‎t perso‎n is going‎to be coope‎r ativ‎e. They’re‎going‎to‎show‎they’re‎on‎your‎side. They’re‎going‎to be enthu‎s iast‎i c. They’re‎going‎to be willi‎n g and helpf‎u l to getti‎n g you to the truth‎.They’re‎going‎to be willi‎n g to brain‎s torm‎,name suspe‎c ts, provi‎d e detai‎l s. They’re‎going‎to say, “Hey, maybe‎it was those‎guys in payro‎l l that forge‎d those‎check‎s.”They’re‎going‎to be infur‎i ated‎if they sense‎they’re‎wrong‎l y accus‎e d throu‎g hout‎the entir‎e cours‎e of the inter‎v iew, not just in flash‎e s; they’ll‎be‎infur‎i ated‎throu‎g hout‎the entir‎e cours‎e of the inter‎v iew. And if youask someo‎n e hones‎t what shoul‎d happe‎n to whome‎v er did forge‎those‎check‎s, an hones‎t perso‎n is much more likel‎y to recom‎m end stric‎t rathe‎r than lenie‎n t punis‎h ment‎.Now‎let’s‎say‎you’re‎havin‎g that exact‎same conve‎r sati‎o n with someo‎n e decep‎t ive. That perso‎n may be withd‎r awn, look down, lower‎their‎voice‎, pause‎,be kind of herky‎-jerky‎. Ask a decep‎t ive perso‎n to tell their‎story‎,they’r e going‎to peppe‎r it with way too much detai‎l in all kinds‎of irrel‎e vant‎place‎s. And‎then‎they’re‎going‎to tell their‎story‎in stric‎t chron‎o logi‎c al order‎. And what a train‎e d inter‎r ogat‎o r does is they come in and in very subtl‎e ways over the cours‎e of sever‎a l hours‎, they will ask that perso‎n to tell that story‎backw‎a rds, and‎then‎they’ll‎watch‎them squir‎m, and track‎which‎quest‎i ons produ‎c e the highe‎s t volum‎e of decep‎t ive tells‎. Why do they do that? Well we all do the same thing‎. We rehea‎r se our words‎, but we rarel‎y rehea‎r se our gestu‎r es. We‎say‎“yes”, we shake‎our heads‎“no”. We tell very convi‎n cing‎stori‎e s, we sligh‎t ly shrug‎our shoul‎d ers. We commi‎t terri‎b le crime‎s, and we smile‎at the delig‎h t in getti‎n g away with it. Now that smile‎is known‎in the trade‎as‎“dupin‎g delig‎h t”. Part IV Homew‎o r kA Liste‎n ing TaskListe‎n to the passa‎g e and fill in the blank‎s with what you hear.Some color‎s that peopl‎e see late at night‎could‎cause‎(1) signs‎of the condi‎t ion menta‎l healt‎h exper‎t s call clini‎c al depre‎s sion‎.That was the findi‎n g of a study‎that build‎s on earli‎e r study‎findi‎n gs. They show that indiv‎i dual‎s who live or work in (2) low level‎s of light‎overn‎i ght can devel‎o p clini‎c al depre‎s sion‎.Docto‎r s use the words‎clini‎c al depre‎s sion‎to descr‎i be a (3) sever‎e form of depre‎s sion‎. Signs‎may inclu‎d e loss of inter‎e st or pleas‎u re in most activ‎i ties‎, low energ‎y level‎s and (4) thoug‎h ts of death‎or suici‎d e.In the new study‎,Ameri‎c an inves‎t igat‎o rs (5) desig‎n ed an exper‎i ment‎that expos‎e d hamst‎e rs to diffe‎r ent color‎s. The resea‎r cher‎s chose‎hamst‎e rs becau‎s e they are noctu‎r nal, which‎means‎they (6) sleep‎durin‎g the day and are (7) activ‎e at night‎. The anima‎l s were separ‎a ted into 4 group‎s. One group‎of hamst‎e rs was kept in the dark durin‎g their‎night‎t ime perio‎d. Anoth‎e r group‎was place‎d in front‎of a blue light‎,a third‎group‎slept‎in front‎of a white‎light‎, while‎a fourt‎h was put in front‎of a red light‎. After‎four weeks‎,the resea‎r cher‎s noted‎how much (8) sugar‎y water‎the hamst‎e rs drank‎.They found‎that the (9) more depre‎s sed anima‎l s drank‎the (10) least‎amoun‎t of water‎.Randy‎Nelso‎n heads‎the Depar‎t ment‎of Neuro‎s cien‎c e at Ohio State‎Unive‎r sity‎.He says anima‎l s that slept‎in (11) blue and white‎light‎appea‎r ed to be the most depre‎s sed. “What‎we‎saw‎is‎these‎anima‎l s‎didn’t‎show‎any‎sleep‎disru‎p tion‎s at all but they did have mucke‎d up circa‎d ian clock‎genes‎and they did show depre‎s sive‎pheno‎t ypes‎where‎a s if they were in the (12) dim red light‎, but they did not.”‎Randy‎Nelso‎n notes‎that photo‎s ensi‎t ive cells‎in the retin‎a, have littl‎e to do with eyesi‎g ht. He says these‎cells‎send (13) signa‎l s to the area of the brain‎that contr‎o ls what has beencalle‎d the (14) natur‎a l sleep‎-wake cycle‎. He says there‎is a lot of blue in white‎light‎, this expla‎i ns why the blue light‎and white‎light‎hamst‎e rs appea‎r to be more depre‎s sed than the hamst‎e rs seein‎g red light‎or darkn‎e ss. Mr. Nelso‎n has sugge‎s tion‎s for peopl‎e who work late at night‎, or those‎who‎like‎to‎stay‎up‎late.‎“My‎(15)‎recom‎m enda‎t ion is if you are just livin‎g a typic‎a l mostl‎y activ‎e (life) durin‎g the day, mostl‎y inact‎i ve at night‎,you want to limit‎the (16) expos‎u re to TVs which‎are quite‎(17) bluis‎h in the light‎they give off and compu‎t er scree‎n s and thing‎s like that. You can get filte‎r ed glass‎e s, you can get filte‎r s on your compu‎t er scree‎n and on your eRead‎e rs and that sort of thing‎to put it more in the (18) reddi‎s h light‎.”‎The‎repor‎t on the effec‎t s of light‎on emoti‎o ns was publi‎s hed in The Journ‎a l of Neuro‎s cien‎c e.。

大学英语视听说3答案(截图版)

大学英语视听说答案完美截图版各位开挂旅途愉快！！！！！Unit18/1910/1910/19’’11/1912/19take/a/break/why/not/some/other/time/party/available/listen/without/talk/to/you/about/researching/background/work /on/hoping/for/break/may/be/it /By/the/way1A/51B/5kind/of/it's/about/right/I/did/past/three/years/paid/off/earned/break/the/case/in/comparison/to/depends/on/a/lot/harder/in/general/my/roommate/way/too/for/myself/a/balanceconfident/relaxed/tense/in a bad mood2B/51)How about2)too3)Why don't4)enough5)Let's6)to walk 3/51)am taking2)work3)have4)am writing4/55/53/198/1910/1911/1912/19get/expert/run/broadcast/competition/In/ fact/Speaking/ought/to/give/away/Good/ thinking/handle/care/audio/expert/fast/ on/it/You/do/hard/to/believe/wake/up/ smell/the/coffee/crazy/famous/taking/a/bribe/smart/I/hope/get/in/the/way/work/on1A/51B/5heard/about/was/caught/they/say/what/to/think/stuff/you'd/like/to/really/convinced/actually/natural /athlete/in/the/season/any/opinion/about/disqualify/for/the/sake/of/shame/to/in/trouble/with/start/r umors2A/52B/53/52123314/5forward/eliminate/apparently/incredible 5/5Unit33/198/1910/1911/1912/191A/51B/52A/52B/53A/53B/54/55/5U nit4 3/198/1910/1911／1912/19listen your side of the story Nope all alike judge me trust only goal helping win deal with mess charges serious threw a game gambling debts gave access to stop from Did you ordidn’t you throw the game get show viewers Take your pick innocent1A/51B/5ran into my gosh doing fantastic the same old how exciting perfect for or something like thata boring job gets to telemarketing telephone company2A/52B/53A/5 a a the a 3B/54/55/5大测L isten 1/32/33/3V ocabulaty 1/32/33/3C rammer 1/32/33/3P ronunciation 2/53/55/5S peaking1/32/33/3Unit5 3/198/1910/1911/1912/19sure sounds like stupid a minute deliberately from college works for recognize teammate bothexcuse us media you’ve got that right get it worry you getting some pressure sit out badlyfrankly win without you1A/5。

新编大学英语视听说第3册听力原文和答案

新编大学英语视听说第3册听力原文和答案新编大学英语视听说第3册听力原文和答案Interviewer: Angela, you were born in Korea but you've been livingin Canada for a long time, haven't you?Angela: Yes, I was 10 years old when my parents immigrated to Canada and I've been living here for 20 years now.Interviewer: Do you think that belonging to two different cultures has affected your personality?Angela: Yes, definitely. There are times when I think that I havetwo personalities. Depending on where I am and who I'm with, I'm Korean or I'm Canadian. Interviewer: That sounds complicated. Could you explain what you mean?Angela: Well, growing up in Canada when I was going to high school, for example, I was known as Angela to the outside world, and as Sun-Kyung at home. I would wave hello to my teachers, but bow to my parents' Korean friends when they visited our home.Interviewer: Do different cultures have different ideas as to whatis polite? Angela: Yes, definitely. In high school, I was expected to look straight in the eyes of my teachers and to talk openly with them. But when Koreans spoke to me, I was expected to look at my feet and to be shy and silent.Interviewer: Do you think that having two personalities makes you a richer person? Angela: Yes, but sometimes I don't know who I am.I am a very sensitive person, and that's good to a point. I feel everyone should be able to feel or understand what others aregoing through. But when you hurt, cry, or are unhappy for people you don't know, or for a movie that is not real, then I think that's a little too sensitive. That's the way I am.I am a very independent person. I must do things for myself.I don't like people doing things for me, or helping me, or giving me things.It's not that I don't appreciate it, because I do. I just feel that when someone does something for you, you owe them, and if there is one thing I don't like to feel, it's that I owe anyone anything. I think I would be a good friend. I would do almost anything for someone I like, and would share or give anything I have. I'm very caring and understanding. People trust me with their secrets, and they're right for doing so because I never tell any secret that is told to me. I'm always there to help in any way that I can. All you have to do is ask. I enjoy life and people, which makes me feel good. I find fun in almost everything I do (except housework). I like to watch people, talk to them, and be around them. Itmakes no difference whether I agree or disagree with what they feel, or how they live, or what they look like, or what age they are. I just enjoy learning and being aware of everything and everyone around me.Tom: Hey, Bill. Do you have any plans for this weekend?Bill: Yeah, Tom. Cindy and I are going ice-skating on Saturday.Tom: Oh.Bill: Why do you ask?Tom: Well, I thought you might want to come over and study for next week's chemistry test.Bill: Study?! No way. Hey, what if I try to fix you up with Cindy's sister, Kristi. We could double-date. She's really outgoing,bright, and funny too.Tom: Hey, I still remember the girl you fixed me up with last time. She was very moody and self-centered. She couldn't stop talking about how great she was. I'm not sure if I can trust you, "Mr. Matchmaker".Bill: Oh come on. So I made a mistake last time. Cindy's sister is really different. Tom: Well, what does she look like?Bill: Ah. Looks aren't important. She has a wonderful personality.Tom: Right.Bill: Okay. She has long wavy blond hair and blue eyes. She's of medium height, just a little shorter than you are.Tom: Go on.Bill: She has a great figure, a nice complexion, and she has a sexy voice. Oh, and she has a tattoo of an eagle on her arm.Tom: A what?Bill: No, just kidding. By the way, she was the runner-up in theMiss California Beauty Pageant two years ago. Well, you're probably not interested. Tom: No, wait!Bill: Ah, just forget I ever mentioned it.Tom: No, I'm interested!David: Barbara, before you go, could you tell me about these students that are coming into my class?Barbara: Oh, yes. Now, let me think, well, there's...er...Paul. He's a tall, slim lad with fair hair. Very friendly face, lovely smile...He's particularly good with group activities, and he's a very helpful person to have in the class and very helpful with the other students. He speaks fluently, but does make a lot of mistakes! He doesn't seem to mind making mistakes. He asks a lot ofquestions...er...he tends to speak first and think later. But he's got lots of interesting ideas.David: Good.Barbara: Ah...Susan...Susan. Now, she's very lively, quick, and very bright. She talks all the time but not always in English.David: What? Is she difficult or anything?Barbara: No...she's quite young but she does behave in quite agrown-up way really for her age. It can be a bit difficult to actually shut her up sometimes and make her listen to you.David: Ah, right.Barbara: She's very nice. She has dark hair and dark eyes.David: Right, well...are there any other girls in the class?Barbara: Yes, there is Maria. She's Susan's sister.David: Yes.Barbara: Actually it's quite difficult to tell them apart although...er... Maria is slightly older. She's a bit plumper and has longer hair than Susan. She's not quite as bright as her sister and Ithink that makes her feel a bit inferior really. Well, you know, she sulks a bit when she gets things wrong or she misunderstands you. But on the whole, a very sensible girl.David: OK.Barbara: And then there's Peter, who's older than the others. He's got a sort of moustache, spectacles and wavy dark brown hair. He usually wears a jacket and sometimes a suit. He's very smart and takes notes all the time. He's also very serious and determined to learn as much as possible. He asks quite difficult questions but he doesn't mean to be nasty.David: Well, thanks, Barbara. It's all up to me now, isn't it?Have a good holiday, won't you?Barbara: Thanks.David: Bye.1. Pedro sleeps only six hours a night. He goes to school full-time and works part-time in the afternoons. At night he plays soccer or basketball. He's seldom tired and his favorite way to relax is to jog two or three miles.What kind of person is Pedro?2. Mr. Miller was teaching his fourth grade class how to divide. The students didn't understand. He had to repeat his lesson and explain the idea more slowly. Over the next few days he explained and explained the lesson until almost the whole class understood and knew how to divide.What kind of teacher is Mr. Miller?3. People in the High Street neighborhood don't buy their fruits and vegetables in the supermarket. They buy them from Mr. Smith's truck. You can trust Mr. Smith. He never tries to sell any bad or unripe fruit. His prices are fair.What kind of person is Mr. Smith?4. Jake and Charles ran into the classroom. Each one saw the chairhe wanted to sit on. Unfortunately, it was the same chair. They both sat down at the same time. Each of them had half a chair. Charles said he was there first and tried to push Jake off the chair. Jake said he was first. Both boys refused to move."All right, boys," said the teacher. "If you won't move, then youcan sit like that for the whole period." Jake and Charles sat like that for the whole period until the bell rang. When they stood up they were stiff and sore."I don't care," said Jake. "I was there first."What kind of person is Jake?5. Room 46A at Travis High School was always the dirtiest room inthe school. Many of the students threw paper on the floor. One day, Mrs. Duke had an idea. She fastened a basketball hoop over the wastebasket. Now the students love to practice throwing their paper into the basket. When they miss, they pick the paper up and try again. And that was the end of the problem.What kind of person is Mrs. Duke?A number of visitors to the UK, who had traveled throughout theBritish Isles, were asked by a newspaper reporter what their impressions of the British people were. Here's a brief summary of what they thought.There were many different opinions among those interviewed: Somewere very flattering, others very critical. The distinction between the English and the British wasn't always understood, but, on the whole, it seemed that the Scots were very popular with visitors. They were thought to be very friendly, even though one Dutch visitor confessed she'd found it hard to understand their English.A great number found the British generally reserved, particularlythe English, although one Australian visitor called the English "the friendliest people in the world and most hospitable". But she did admit that speaking the same language was a great help.Some Asian businessmen, who had traveled widely throughout England, said quite openly that they found Northcountry people "much nicer" than people in the South. When asked what exactly they meant by "much nicer", one of them said, with a playful smile on his face, "By much nicer I mean much more like us!" A few continentals praised "English courtesy", but the majority found it dishonest and dull. "You're forever saying 'please' and 'sorry' when you don't feel pleased or sorry," one explained.A young student from South Africa had no views on the matter. Hehadn't met any Englishmen, he said. The country appeared to be full of foreigners like himself. Statements:1. It was easy to tell the English from the British.2. Speaking the same language helped one Australian visitora lot.3. By "much nicer", one of the visitors meant that the British people were more friendly than people of other countries.4. The majority of continentals thought highly of English manners.5. To the young student from South Africa, Britain seemed to have a lot of foreign visitors.One day, when Mr. Smith came home from work, he found his wife very upset about something. Mr. Smith always thought that he was moresensible than his wife, so he started to give her a lecture on the importance of always remaining calm.Finally he said, "It's a waste of your strength to get excited about small things. Train yourself to be patient, like me. Now, look at thefly that has just landed on my nose. Am I getting excited or annoyed? Am I swearing or waving my arms around? No. I'm not.I'm perfectly calm."Just as he had said this, Mr. Smith started shouting. He jumped up and began to wave his arms around wildly and swear terribly. He couldn't speak for some time, but at last he was able to tell his wife: The thing on his nose was not a fly, but a bee. Tom: Oh, that Mr. Taylor. He is so boring!Mother: What do you mean?Tom: His lessons put me to sleep. And he's so quick-tempered, Mum.Mother: Quick-tempered? Mr. Taylor? Are you sure darling?Tom: Yes, he gets angry very quickly.Mother: That doesn't sound like Mr. T aylor at all!Tom: And do you know, he spends all the time looking at his reflection in the window, admiring himself.Mother: Really? And why does he do that?Tom: Because he's vain, that's why! And conceited! He thinks he knows everything. Mother: Oh, Tom. Be reasonable. I'm sure you're exaggerating. Mr. Taylor seems such a nice, kind man.Tom: Well, he isn't. He is mean and cruel.Mother: Cruel? Now how can a history teacher be cruel?Tom: Because he only gave me two out of ten points in my history test. Mother: Oh, now I understand. Tom, I think you'd better get on with your homework!(S1 = the first speaker; S2 = the second speaker; S3 = the third speaker; S4 = the fourth speaker)S1: In this week's edition of Up with People we went out into the streets andinterviewed a number of people. We asked a question they just didn't expect. Weasked them to be self-critical...to ask themselves exactly whatthey thought they lacked or—the other side of the coin—what virtues they had. Here is what we heard.S2: Well...I...I don't know really...it's not the sort of question you ask yourself directly. I know I'm good at my job... At least my boss considers me hard-working, conscientious, and efficient. I'm a secretaryby the way. When I look at myself in a mirror as you sometimes do in the privacy of your own bedroom...or at your reflection in the shop windows as you walk up the street... Well...then I see someone a bit different. Yes...I'm different in my private life. And that's probably my mainfault I should say... I suppose I'm not coherent in my behavior. Myoffice is always in order...but my flat! Well...you'd have to see it to believe it.S3: Well...I'm retired, you know. Used to be an army officer. And...I think I've kept myself...yes, I've kept myself respectable the whole of my life. I've tried to help those who depend on me. I've done my best. I am quite self-disciplined. Basically I'm a good guy, fond of my wife and family... That's me.S4: Well...when I was young I was very shy. At times I...I was very unhappy...especially when I was sent to boarding school at age seven.I didn't make close friends till later...till I was about...fifteen. Then I became quite good at being by myself. I had no one to rely on...and no one to ask for advice. That made me independent. My wife and I have two sons. We...we didn't want an only child because I felt...well I felt I'd missed a lot of things.Mike: Hey, guys. Come and look. I've found an interesting Web siteon star signs. (The others come close to the computer and look at thestar signs on the screen.)Ted: Hey, that's interesting! What's your sign, Sam?Sam: I'm a Scorpio. What's yours, Ted?Ted: I have no idea. I've never really thought about that. Let's have a look. I was born on September 5. Oh, I'm a Virgo.Simon: And I'm a Libra.Sam: What do they say about Libra, Simon?Simon: (He reads.) You're a sociable, charming person. You go out of your way to avoid confrontation and do everything in your power to make your life an easy one. Although you're generally likeable, you can be changeable, superficial and critical. But you manage to hide thosetraits most of the time.Mike: Do you agree with that? Are you that type of person?Simon: What do you think? I think there is something in what it says.I am social and outgoing. But I am not changeable, am I? What's your sign, Mike?Mike: I'm a Taurus. Ah, what's yours, Lilly?Lilly: I'm a Cancer.Ted: Now let's look at Taurus.( He reads.) You're a patient,practical type. Goodpoints include your affectionate, kind nature, your trustworthiness and strength of character. Bad points include your possessiveness, self-indulgence and stubbornness. Do you think your character fits well?Mike: No, not at all. I'm not patient, and I'm not practical either.I am kind of quick-tempered and ambitious. That's definitely not me! But one thing is right: I AM stubborn.Simon: Sam, let me read yours. (He reads.) You are secretive, and sexy. You have theworst reputation in the zodiac. Scorpio has a dark side, which includes revengeful and destructive traits. Yet despite this, you can be the wittiest, kindest and most entertaining of all the signs.Sam: Oh, that can't be true! Are you sure you were reading Scorpio?Simon: Yes, of course! Look for yourself.Sam: But that's unfair! I have the worst reputation in the zodiac?!The others: (They all laugh and say.) Ha ha... Poor Sam!Sam: Who could believe such silly things! Really, I think I'm intelligent, humorous, and kind-hearted.Mike: Yes, but those are just your good traits. Don't forget about your bad ones! Sam: Come on! Oh, Lilly, we haven't looked at your sign yet. Eh, you are a Cancer, right? You want me to read yours?Lilly: No, thanks. I'm afraid you'll distort what's written there.Let me read it myself. (She reads.) To some people, you appear tough and determined, but that's just a "front" you put up to protect the real you, which is rather more sensitive and softer. You can be moody, touchy and irritable, but you make up for those negative traits with your kindness, great intuition and protective nature. That's not bad, is it?Simon: No. But what counts is not what it says, but how you really are, what you are actually like.Lilly: (She is a bit defensive.) What do you mean? What are youtrying to say aboutme?Simon: I think you are much nicer than what it describes.(Lilly smiles.)The other boys: Oh, Simon, don't sweet-talk her! We know what youare thinking. Ted: Hey, I haven't seen mine yet. Now it's my turn.Mike: Go ahead, Ted! Be our guest!Ted: It says: Virgo people like order in all things and are neat, clean and precise in their habits. Virgo people are perfectionists and they sometimes can be critical. They do not like to draw attention to themselves. Virgo people are modest, and careful about what they eat or drink.Sam: Do you have any objections to that?Ted: I think the description matches me quite well. I AM a perfectionist. I like things to be in order. Erm, I...I'm careful about what I eat and drink. But it doesn't mention my weak points.Lilly: Oh! And what are those?Ted: Well, sometimes I'm so careful I tend to waste a lot of time.I'm not very sociable, and I don't have many friends.Sam: I think everyone has some undesirable personality traits that could be improved. Don't you think we all could improve our personalities?Mike: I think we can. For example, my little sister was the youngest girl in our family. My parents loved her very much, but they spoiled her by giving her too much. She was at that time self-centered, selfish,aggressive, bad-tempered, and rude. Her personality didn'tchange any until she entered primary school. In school, she first acted as she did at home, and she couldn't make a single good friend. For a time, she was even isolated by her classmates. She complained to us, and finally understood her problem. From then on, she made every effort to get rid of her undesirable characteristics both at home and in school. Now she's in middle school and has turned into a popular girl.Lilly: In my opinion, our personalities are partly inherited and partly shaped by our home environment. As we all know, scientists have found that parents' personality traits can be seen in their children. Most children have some of their parents' personality traits.Mike: That's right. And our early home and school environment also has a big influence on the shaping of our personality. For instance,I've noticed that many children growing up in rich families may become wasteful, lazy, arrogant or cold. On the other hand, I've noticed that many children raised in poor families are hard-working, caring, sympathetic, and helpful.Sam: Does that mean you think we have to choose our parents wisely?(The others laugh.)2Mart Moody from Tupper Lake used to tell this tale. "I went out one day and there was a big flock of ducks out on Tupper Lake. And I hadthis good dog. I shot at the ducks, and then I sent the dog out there. She was heavy with pups at the time, and I didn't know whether I shouldsend her out there. It was a cold day in the fall. Well, she tookright off and away she went. But she didn't show up when it got dark. I began to worry about her. She was a good dog, a really good retriever. She'd get anything I shot at."So the next morning I woke up and I thought I'd better go and seeif I could find her. And I got down to the shoreline of the lake and I looked out. Suddenly I saw something coming. It was this dog. She came into the shore! She had three ducks in her mouth. And behind her she had seven pups. And each of the pups had a duck in his mouth."There was an old man who had a daughter. He told his daughter thathe had invited a preacher to his house. He said, "Daughter, I'm going down to the train to meet the Reverend, and I've roasted two ducks and left them there for him in the other room. Don't you touch them!" The daughter said, "No, I won't touch them." So her papa went to the train to meet the Reverend, and the girl began to taste the ducks. The ducks tasted so good that she kept on tasting them until she had eaten themall up, every bit of them.After the old man came back, he didn't even look in the place where he had left the ducks. He went directly into the other room to sharpen his knife on the oilstone so he could carve the ducks. The preacher was sitting in the room with the girl. She knew that her papa was going to punish her, and she started crying and shedding tears. The preacher asked, "What is the matter with you, girl?" She said, "Papa has this one bad fault: He invites preachers to his house and goes to sharpen hisknife to cut off both their ears." And the Reverend asked, "What is that you say, daughter?" The girl said, "Yes, Papa invitespreachers here all the time and cuts off both their ears." The preacher said, "Daughter, hand me my hat. Quick!" The girl gave him his hat and he ran out of the door quickly. The daughter called her papa and said, "Papa, the preacher got both the ducks and has gone." The old man ran to the door and yelled to the preacher, "Hey, where are you going in such a hurry? Come back here right now!" But the preacher just kept running and shouted back over his shoulder, "Damned if you'll get either one of these."Jack Storm was the local barrel maker and blacksmith of Thebes, Illinois. He had a cat that stayed around his shop. The cat was the best mouse catcher in the whole country, Jack said. He kept the shop free of rats and mice. But, one day, the cat got caught in a piece of machinery and got a paw cut off. After that, he began to grow weak and thin and didn't take any interest in anything, because he wasn't getting enough to eat.So, one day, Jack decided to make a wooden paw for the cat. He made it with his pocket knife and fastened it on the injured leg. After that, the cat began to grow sleek and fat again. Jack decided to stay at the shop one night to see how the cat managed with his wooden paw.After dark, the cat got down in front of a mouse hole and waited. Pretty soon a mouse peered out cautiously. Quick as a flash the cat seized it with his good paw and knocked it on the head with his woodenone. In no time, that cat had eighteen mice piled up in front of the mouse hole.Ken: Hey, Josh. Where did you get those comic magazines?Josh: When I went home last weekend, I found these old Superman magazines that my older brother had bought manyyears ago.Ken: You don't have time to read old comics. Why did you bring them here? Josh: In my World Literature class we've been talking about the importance of myths, folk tales, and legends to cultures. We have to write a short paper on which legendary figure we think is the great American hero. I think it's Superman.Ken: Superman? Why? I think it's someone like Paul Bunyan, the giant woodsman, or Johnny Appleseed, who planted early apple trees in the Midwest. Superman is just a modern comic magazine character.Josh: When I saw these old comics, I started thinking that Superman represents a combination of cultural traditions and beliefs that have been told throughout our American history.Ken: How?Josh: Superman is an orphan who comes by rocket to Earth when his native planet explodes. He lands near a small town and is adopted by Jonathan and Martha Kent, who teach him their American middle-class values of honesty, hard work and consideration for others. As an adult, he migrates to a large city and defends Americans against evil.Ken: What else?Josh: Well, I was thinking about this and realized that he is a symbol of the American character because he is an immigrant. We Americans have come from somewhere else, too. My great grandparents came from Germany, and I know your grandparents came from Brazil. They all worked hard and succeeded.Ken: But how does that relate to Superman?Josh: He goes to the city, just as many immigrants did, works as a newspaper reporter. But his adopted parents' values ofhonesty, hard work and helpfulness are a part of him. He uses his super abilities to fight dishonesty and to help the victims of crime and injustice, meanwhile working hard at his newspaper job.Ken: I understand. As an orphan, Superman becomes a new person in a new land, just as our ancestors did, and succeeds. He also represents our values. Your paper should be interesting. I'd like to read it when it's finished.Josh: OK.At one time animals and people lived together in peace and talked with each other. But when mankind began to multiply rapidly, the animals were crowded into forests and deserts.Man began to destroy many animals for their skins and furs insteadof only for food. Animals became angry at this treatment by man and decided that mankind must be punished.The animals held a meeting, but they could not decide how to punish mankind. Finally the animals agreed that because deer were the animals most often killed by man, deer should decide how man should be punished.Deer decided that any Indian hunters who killed deer without asking pardon in a suitable manner would be made to suffer with painfulstiffness in their bodies. After this decision was made, the leader of the deer sent a message to the nearest people, the Cherokee Indians. "From now on, your hunters must first offer a prayer to the deer before killing him. You must ask his pardon, telling the deer you are forced to kill him only because your people are hungry and need meat. Otherwise, a terrible disease will come to you."The spirits of the deer would run to the place where a deerhad been killed and these spirits would ask the dead deer, "Did you hear the hunter's prayer for pardon?" If theanswer was "yes", the spirits would be satisfied. But, if the answer was "no", then the deer spirits would track down the hunter to his house and strike him with the terrible disease of stiffness in his body, making him crippled so that he could not hunt deer again.Soon all of the animals agreed that this was a fair and just punishment. Each type of animal decided that they would also cause a disease in people who mistreated them. When the friendly plants of the world heard what the animals had decided as punishment for mankind, the plants decided that this punishment was too harsh. They had a meeting of their own. Finally they decided that each type of plant should provide a。

大学英语视听说3听力原文翻译Unit 3

Unit 3II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptW: Chinese students are often too shy to say anything in class.M: I think they don’t speak because their culture values modesty，and they don’t want to be showing off. Goes back to Confucius.Q: Why don’t Chinese students say in class according to the man?C) They are modest.W：中国学生往往羞于说话在课上。

M：我想他们不说话是因为他们的文化价值观的谦虚，他们不想炫耀。

回归到孔子。

问：为什么没有中国学生在课堂上说话？C）他们是温和的。

2.ScriptW: The government is doing something at last about sex discrimination in the work place. Women deserve the same pay as men for the same work.M: Yeah. In the United States, women earn only 70 percent of what men get for the same job. It’s a situation that has to be changed.Q: What does the man say about the women?A) They earn less than men.W：政府现在在做的事情，工作场所的性别歧视。

女人的付出男人一样。

M：是的。

在美国，同样的工作妇女的工资只有男性的百分之70。

这一情况已经有所改变。

大学英语视听说3答案截图免费完全版

视听说3答案截图免费完全版take/a/break/why/not/some/other /time/party/available/listen/without/talk/to/you/about/researching/background/work/on/hoping/for/break/may/be/it /By/the/waykind/of/it's/about/right/I/did/past/three/years/paid/off/earned/break/the/case/in/comparison/to/depends/on/a/lot /harder/in/general/my/roommate /way/too/for/myself/a/balance2B/5How about 2)too 3)Why don't 4)enough 5)Let's 6)to walk 3/5am taking 2)work 3)have 4)am writing4/55/53 1 1 2 3 1Unit212/19get/expert/run/broadcast/competition/In/ fact/Speaking/ought/to/give/away/Good/ thinking/handle/care/audio/expert/fast/ on/it/You/do/hard/to/believe/wake/up/ smell/the/coffee/crazy/famous/taking/a/ bribe/smart/I/hope/get/in/the/way/work/on1B/5heard/about/was/caught/they/say/what/to/think/ stuff/you'd/like/to/really/convinced/actually/natural/athlete/in/the/season/any/opinion/ about/disqualify/for/the/sake/of/shame/to/in/trouble/with/start/rumorsUnit3１２／１９Bad news audio expert check urgent be sure absolutely surehave an ideamay remember confide in reporterresearcher chance loseone more day only one more daywon’t be sorry storyget tellme everything deserve a break storycharming charm out of1B/51)was thinking 2)That would be ok 3)this new mall4)having a sale 5)kind of6)a whole lot less 7)just really 8)end up using 9)Well 10)little girl 11)the whale12)sounded really good 13)a lot14)a lot less 15)you know what 16)treat you toUnit412/19listen your side of the story Nope all alike judge metrust only goal helping win deal with mess charges serious threw a game gambling debts gave access to stop from Did you ordidn’t you throw the game get show viewers Take your pick innocent1B/5 ran into my gosh doing fantastic the same old how exciting perfect for or something like thata boring job gets to telemarketing telephone company3A/5 a a the aSection test A。

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Unit 3 PsychologyC. Listening ExerciseListen to a conversation and choose the best answers to the questions you hear.1. What do you know about Harry’s dog Fido?A. He doesn’t like his master any more.B. He has just moved to a new place.C. He gets up late every morning.D. He has been quite nervous and restless.2. What does Jenny suggest Harry should do?A. He should take Fido to the vet.B. He should put Fido on medication.C. He should take Fido for a walk.D. He should let Fido play fetch.3. What do you think Harry will do to his dog?A. He will take his dog for a walk everyday.B. He will consult a scientist for a test on his dog.C. He will try his best to perk up his dog.D. He will put his dog on medication.4. What does the scientific research tell us?A. Dog emotions are quite similar to the emotions of humans.B. Dogs should be put on medication whenever they are ill.C. The brain of humans is more complicated than that of dogs.D. Antidepressants cannot be used as medication for dogs.5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the conversation?A. Jenny may have a different idea towards pet treatment from Harry.B. Some pet-owners may overdo the treatment when their pets are ill.C. Harry is an expert on brain science of humans and dogs.D. Magnetic Resonance Scanner can be used in analyzing dog emotions.Script:Jenny: Hello, Harry, you look pale. What’s wrong?Harry: Hi, Jenny. It’s just Fido, my beloved dog. He’s been acting kind of lazy these days. Ever since we moved, he’s just been like this.Jenny: Oh my! Do you take him for a walk everyday?Harry: I used to, but now he doesn’t even want to play fetch. He loved that so much before.Jenny: If I were you, I’d take him to the vet. Probably he’s ill.Harry: Well, I did so yesterday. The vet says the reason he’s been so down is that he’s depressed, and he recommends we put him on medication.Jenny: Are you sure you want to take his suggestion?Harry: Yeah, I think so. We’re hoping that the medication will cheer Fido up. If it doesn’t, maybe we’ll consider upping his dosage until he seems back to normal.Jenny: Oh, no! I don’t know whether it’s good or not… I have a friend who put her dog on antidepressants, but I don’t think it’s fair to make an animal take drugs when he has no say.Harry: I agree sometimes pet-owners might go overboard, but they just want their pets to be happy and healthy. Oh, if only my Fido becomes his normal playful self again!Jenny: But is it ridiculous to spend so much money on an animal when there are people going hungry everywhere?Harry: I’ll tell you what. Some scientists have been using a Magnetic Resonance Scanner to learn about dog emotions. The research shows that they are quite similar to the emotions of humans.Jenny: Really? I t’s unbelievable!Harry: Yes. They have now confirmed what many dog owners already knew. Dogs can understand our feelings! Researchers say that the finding is not just important to dogs and the people who love them, but it establishes a new type of comparative brain science and expands the possibilities for research. Jenny: Wow, seems that you know a lot about scientific research!Harry: Well, for Fido, I have made myself become an expert!Exercise 1 Global UnderstandingListen to the text for the first time, focus on the global idea of it and complete the summary.Psychology is the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and of their mental processes. Some of the personal factors are known as dispositional factors, while external things are known as situational factors. Modern psychology began in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first experimental psychology laboratory in Germany. In 1890, William James published Principles of Psychology.Exercise 2 Listening and Note-takingListen to the first part of the text and take necessary notes with symbols and abbreviations with the prompts of the following words.Psychology —sci entific study of indiv idual behav ior & and ment al proc esses Psychologists — use their res earch to pred ict & and (ctrl) control behav ior Dispositional factors —Genet ic makeup, pers onality traits, att itudes, ment al state Situational factors —sens ory stimul ation, rew ards, act ions of other peopleExercise 3 In-depth ListeningWho When Where WhatWilhelm Wundt in 1879in Germany Founded the first experimentalpsychology laboratoryG. Stanley in 1883at the Johns Hopkins Founded the first AmericanHall University in the US psychological laboratory likeWundt’sWilliam James in 1890in the US published the most importantpsychological text of all time,Principles of PsychologyScript:What makes us similar to other people and yet so uniquely different? Why do we think, feel and behave as we do? Are we molded more by heredity or shaped by experience? How can the same brain that gives us the capacity for creativity, rationality and love also become the crucible for mental illness?Psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and of their mental processes. Psychologists then try to use their research to predict and in some cases control behavior. Ideally, out of their basic research will come solutions for the practical problems that plague individuals and society.Whatever type of behavior psychologists look at, whether it’s laughing, crying, making war, or making love, or anything else, they try to make sense of it by relating the observed behavior to certain aspects of the individual involved and the situation in which the behavior occurred. For example, my genetic makeup, personality traits, attitudes and mental state are some of the personal factors involved in my behavior. They’re known as dispositional factors. They’re internal, characteristics and potentials inside me, while external things such as sensory stimulation, rewards or the actions of other people are known as situational factors. They come from the outside, from the environment in which my behavior takes place.Modern psychology began in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first experimental psychology laboratory in Germany. Wundt trained many young researchers who carried on the tradition of measuring reactions to experimental tasks such as reaction times to sensory stimuli, attention, judgment and word associations. The first American psychological laboratory like Wundt’s was founded at the Johns Hopkins University in 1883 by G. Stanley Hall. Hall, the first president of the American Psychological Association, introduced Sigmund Freud to the American public by translating Freud’s General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. But 1890 may stand as the most significant date in psychology’s youth. That’s when William James published what many consider to be the most important psychological text of all time, Principles of Psychology. James was a professor of psychology at Harvard University, where he also studied medicine and taught physiology. James was interested in all the ways in which people interact with and adapt to their environment, and so he found a place in psychology for human consciousness, emotions, the self, personal values and religion. But the Wundtian psychologists like G. Stanley Hall rejected James’ ideas as unscientific and soft. They argued that psychology should be patterned after the model of the physical sciences, so they focused their study on topics like sensation and perception--on psychophysics, measuring mental reactions to physical stimuli. Later they added investigations of how animals acquire conditioned responses and how humans memorize new information. These differences among psychologists in whatshould be studied and how one should go about it are still with us a century later. Text B LiespottingExercise 1 Global UnderstandingListen to the text for the first time, focus on the global idea and then choose the right answers to the questions you hear.1. Which of the following is NOT a sign to show that Bill Clinton was a liar?A. He used a non-contracted denial.B. He used “that woman” to refer to Miss Lewinsky.C. He tried unconsciously to distance himself from his subject.D. He peppered his account with a little too much detail.2. What can you learn from the text?A. Only trained liespotters can detect lies.B. A fake smile will betray a liar.C. Liars don’t dare to look people in the eyes.D. Liars rehearse their words and gestures.Exercise 2 Listening for detailsListen to one part of the text and decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).1. Attitude is the most important indicator in detecting lies. (NG)2. A person’s enthusiasm may indicate his dishonesty. (F)3. An honest person will keep silent since he believes in his innocence. (F)4. An honest person is eager to help you get to the truth. (T)5. An honest person will not be infuriated during the interview. (F)Exercise 3 Compound DictationListen and complete the summary below with the missing words from the text. People deceptive may be withdrawn, look down, (1) lower their voice, (2) pause, or herky-jerky. They are going to (3) pepper their story with too much (4) detail and in strict (5) chronological order. A trained interrogator will ask them to tell the story (6) backwards, and then track the deceptive tells. People rehearse their (7) words, but not their (8) gestures.Script:Trained liespotters get to the truth 90 percent of the time. The rest of us, we’re only 54 percent accurate. Why is it so easy to learn? Well, there are good liars and there are bad liars. There are no real original liars. We all make the same mistakes. We all use the same techniques. So what I’m going to do is I’m going to show you twopatterns of deception. And then we’re going to look at the hot spots and see if we can find them ourselves. We’re g oing to start with a speech.Bill Clinton: I want you to listen to me. I’m going to say this again. I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky. I never told anybody to lie, not a single time, never. These allegations are false. And I need to go back to work for the American people. Thank you.Pamela Meyer: Okay, what were the telltale signs? Well first we heard what’s known as a non-contracted denial. Studies show that people who are over-determined in their denial will resort to formal rather than informal language. We also heard distancing language: “that woman”. We know that liars will unconsciously distance themselves from their subject using language as their tool. Now if Bill Clinton had said, “Well, to tell you the truth ...” or Ri chard Nixon’s favorite, “In all candor ...” he would have been a dead giveaway for any lies potter than knows that qualifying language, as it’s called, qualifying language like that,further discredits the subject. Now if he had repeated the question in its entirety, or if he had peppered his account with a little too much detail -- and we’re all really glad he didn’t do that -- he would have further discredited himself. Freud had it right. Freud said, look, there’s much more to it than speech: “No mortal c an keep a secret. If his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips.” And we all do it no matter how powerful you are. We all chatter with our fingertips. I’m going to show you Dominique Strauss-Kahn with Obama who’s chattering with his fingertips.Now this brings us to our next pattern, which is body language. With body language, here’s what you’ve got to do.You’ve really got to just throw your assumptions out the door. Let the science temper your knowledge a little bit. Because we think liars fidget all the time. Well guess what, they’re known to freeze their upper bodies when they’re lying. We think liars won’t look you in the eyes. Well guess what, they look you in the eyes a little too much just to compensate for that myth. We think warmth and smiles convey honesty, sincerity. But a trained lie spotter can spot a fake smile a mile away. Can you all spot the fake smile here? You can consciously contract the muscles in your cheeks. But the real smile’s in the eyes, the crow’s feet of the eyes. They cannot be consciously contracted, especially if you overdid the Botox. Don’t overdo the Botox; nobody will think you’re honest.Now we’re going to look at the hot spots.Can you tell what’s happening in a conversation? Can you start to find the hot spots to see the discrepancies between someone’s words and someone’s actions? Now I know it seems really obvious, but when you’re having a conversation with someone that you suspect of deception, attitude is by far the most overlooked but telling of indicators.An honest person is going to be cooperative. They’re going to show they’re on your side. They’re going to be enthusiastic.They’re going to be willing and helpful to getting you to the truth. They’re going to be willing to brainstorm, name suspects, provide details. They’re going to say, “Hey, maybe it was those guys in payroll that forged those checks.”They’re going to be infuriated if they sense they’re wrongly accused throughout the entire course of the interview, not just in flashes; they’ll be infuriat ed throughout the entire course of the interview. And if youask someone honest what should happen to whomever did forge those checks, an honest person is much more likely to recommend strict rather than lenient punishment.Now let’s say you’re having that exact same conversation with someone deceptive. That person may be withdrawn, look down, lower their voice, pause, be kind of herky-jerky. Ask a deceptive person to tell their story, they’re going to pepper it with way too much detail in all kinds of irrelevant places. And then they’re going to tell their story in strict chronological order. And what a trained interrogator does is they come in and in very subtle ways over the course of several hours, they will ask that person to tell that story backwards, and then they’ll watch them squirm, and track which questions produce the highest volume of deceptive tells. Why do they do that? Well we all do the same thing. We rehearse our words, but we rarely rehearse our gestures. We say “yes”, we shake our heads “no”. We tell very convincing stories, we slightly shrug our shoulders. We commit terrible crimes, and we smile at the delight in getting away with it. Now that smile is known in the trade as “duping delight”. Part IV HomeworkA Listening TaskListen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear.Some colors that people see late at night could cause (1) signs of the condition mental health experts call clinical depression. That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in (2) low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression.Doctors use the words clinical depression to describe a (3) severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and (4) thoughts of death or suicide.In the new study, American investigators (5) designed an experiment that exposed hamsters to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they (6) sleep during the day and are (7) active at night. The animals were separated into 4 groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their nighttime period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light, a third group slept in front of a white light, while a fourth was put in front of a red light. After four weeks, the researchers noted how much (8) sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the (9) more depressed animals drank the (10) least amount of water.Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University. He says animals that slept in (11) blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed. “What we saw is these animals didn’t show any sleep disruptions at all but they did have mucked up circadian clock genes and they did show depressive phenotypes whereas if they were in the (12) dim red light, but they did not.” Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive cells in the retina, have little to do with eyesight. He says these cells send (13) signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the(14) natural sleep-wake cycle. He says there is a lot of blue in white light, this explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing red light or darkness. Mr. Nelson has suggestions for people who work late at night, or those who like to stay up late. “My (15) recommendation is if you are just living a typical mostly active (life) during the day, mostly inactive at night, you want to limit the (16) exposure to TVs which are quite (17) bluish in the light they give off and computer screens and things like that. You can get filtered glasses, you can get filters on your computer screen and on your eReaders and that sort of thing to put it more in the (18) reddish light.” The report on the effects of light on emotions was published in The Journal of Neuroscience.。