本地化翻译

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本地化与翻译-以SDL-World-Server为例

➢Translation of Online Help and Documentation ➢Engineering and Testing of Software ➢Screen Captures ➢Help Engineering and DTP of Documentation ➢Processing Updates ➢Product QA and Delivery ➢Project Closure
售前阶段、启动会议、源资料分析、制定计划和预算、术语准备、源资料准备、软件翻译、在线帮助和文档翻译、软件工程处理和测试、屏幕截图、帮助文档工程处理和文档排版、工程处理更新、产品质量保证和提交、项目结束等14个环节。
国内翻译公司与本地化公司对比
本地化公司
• 客户：国外客户为主，客户关系紧密 • 专业工具：大量使用专业 • 语种与行业范围：有限语种有限行业 • 业务类型：翻译、工程、排版、测试等 • 翻译流程：可以保证 • 入行门槛：相对高
LISA-Localization Industry Standard Association（本地化行业标准协会）
I18n –Internationalization（国际化）
G11n – Globalization（全球化）
L10n – Localization（本地化）
T9n – Translation（翻译） SLV-Single Language Vendor (单语言服务提供商 ) EOB-End of Business（下班前） EOD-End of Day（当日） DST-Daylight Saving Time（夏令时） EST-Eastern Standard Time （美国东部时间）
20世纪90年代

passolo 词汇表

passolo 词汇表全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：Passolo是一种专业的软件本地化工具，广泛应用于软件开发领域和国际化市场中。

通过Passolo，开发人员可以轻松地将软件本地化为不同语言版本，以满足全球用户的需求。

在使用Passolo时，我们需要了解一些关键词汇，以便更好地理解其功能和操作流程。

下面是关于Passolo词汇表的详细介绍。

1. 本地化（Localization）：指将软件或产品根据不同的国家或地区的语言、文化和法律要求做出相应的调整，以满足当地用户的需求。

2. 国际化（Internationalization）：指设计和开发软件或产品时考虑到不同语言和文化的差异，使其具有较强的适应性和兼容性，方便未来的本地化工作。

3. 项目（Project）：在Passolo中，项目是指需要进行本地化处理的软件或产品。

每个项目都包含了一系列要翻译和本地化的资源文件。

4. 资源文件（Resource file）：这是软件开发过程中使用的文件，包括界面文本、图标、对话框等。

Passolo可以直接处理这些资源文件，进行本地化工作。

5. 界面文本（UI text）：指软件界面上显示的文字内容，通常包括菜单、按钮、标签等。

6. 翻译（Translation）：将源语言的文字内容翻译成目标语言的过程。

Passolo提供了翻译工具和功能，方便用户进行翻译工作。

7. 本地化工程师（Localization Engineer）：负责软件本地化工作的专业人员，具有一定的语言能力和技术知识，能够处理各种本地化工作。

8. 术语库（Termbase）：存储软件本地化过程中的专业术语和翻译对应关系的数据库，用于保证翻译的一致性和准确性。

10. 术语一致性（Terminology consistency）：指在软件本地化过程中，术语和翻译之间保持一致，避免出现矛盾或混淆的情况。

11. 导入（Import）：将源语言的资源文件导入Passolo中进行本地化处理的操作。

Localization——本地化

• GALA(Globalization and Localization Association) ，即国际化与本地化协会，是翻译、国际化、本地化和全球化行业的一个具有全面代表性的非盈利的国际行业组织，于2002年4月15日由来自四大洲 12 个国家的 15 个本地化社团创建，总部设在美国，大约有200个团体会员，属于首要国际协会之列。
本地化与国际化
•国际化 ( 全球化 ) 是指开发的产品能适应不同市场的需求。本地化是指将国际化的产品投入某一特定的目标市场。以适应特定地区、国家的文化，满足特定人群的需求(这时翻译只是本地化的一部分)。 •Internationalization, encompasses the planning and preparation stages for a product that is built by design to support global markets. This process removes all cultural assumptions and any country- or language-specific content is stored so that it can be easily adapted. If this content is not separated during this phase, it must be fixed during localization, adding time and expense to the project. In extreme cases, products that were not internationalized may not be localizable.
本地化翻译

本地化翻译过程

Demystifying the Costs of Localization andTranslation (1)∙I already understand localization. Or do I?∙What do translators really do with my product?∙Why is localization so expensive?Introduction―Why is localization so expensive?!‖We hear this question a lot from our clients, and at one time we had a short answer for it:Words.Our clients usually just scowled at us when we gave that answer, and so we elaborated a bit:The expense-perspective: You paid to create yourEnglish-language product, but because your engineers andwriters use English words, it looked to you as though you didn’tpay anything to create it. Now you need to write a fat check tosomebody in order to create other versions, and you’re annoyedbecause ―all they’re doing is translating,‖ which feels like child’splay compared to the work you’ve done.The revenue-perspective: Your investment in theEnglish-language product will be returned by lots and lots ofEnglish-speaking people who will give you money because yousolved their problems. Similarly, localization is an investment in a[German/Japanese/Korean/Russian/ French/...] product, and thisinvestment will be returned by lots and lots ofnon-English-speaking people who will give you money for solvingtheir problems.In other words, there is an expense-side and a revenue-side to the coin of localization.We also hear that many people in technology consider the process of delivering international products a ―black box‖. Accordingly, Part I of this paper explains the terms and steps in ―Internationalization‖ and ―Localization,‖ with a few grisly details that are second nature to translation professionals, but which look like a black box to most of their clients. In Part II we describe where high localization costs come from, and what organizations can do about the side of the black box over which they do have some control. (When all is said and done, it still comes down to the first answer: Words.)Background: InternationalizationIt is best in the long run to first internationalize the software, as in the Portuguese example in Figure 1, so that no matter how it changes for user interface or business logic, the code base at the core of the product is always the same (sometimes called a single worldwide binary). To externalize those features and characteristics that can change from one region (or locale) to another—e.g., language, color scheme and accounting standards in software, or narrative examples, conditional text and legal text in documentation—is to place them in separate resource files that vary from locale to locale, then call them from a single, common code base.Figure 1This process of internationalization (or I18n, because there are 18 letters between the ―I‖ and the ―n‖) makes life easier for a number of people along the value chain.character set enabling, overall software architecture – but ultimately, companies internationalize their products not only because it’s better engineering, but also because they can reduce time to market and make/save more money in all regions.Of course, it’s nearly impossible to get I18n right the first time, and it usually requires multiple product cycles to refine the process, so the enlightened organization takes a long, patient view. Impatient organizations may leave locale-specific elements, such as strings or error messages, inside the code base, usually to get the English-language product to market in a hurry. This is not evil, but there are costs associated with it later in the process. Companies which outsource I18n effectively leave much of the process inside the black box. For those companies whose own engineers and writers internationalize their products, I18n is not so mysterious.Background: LocalizationFew companies, however, localize their products themselves, because few companies can justify the cost of keeping translators and localization engineers on staff. Localization (or L10n) is the process of delivering a product that meets the needs of users in a specific locale, and because most companies outsource this function, it usually lands squarely in the black box. The L10n process is not completely different from or contrary to the process of creating most technology deliverables. When the product has been properly internationalized, L10n is a parallel function that takes a copy of the resources from their normal flow in development, modifies the copy for the needs of a specific locale, and joins the original further downstream in the development flow (Figure 2).Figure 2There are a few localization concepts, however, which are alien to most people who build technology products, and these concepts are inside the black box. Key ConceptsGlossary (Terminology List)To ensure uniformity of translation throughout the product (and, as the international effort grows, throughout the company), it is a good practice to put in place a glossary, which contains approved translations of key words andphrases. A translation glossary gives the equivalent of the key terms in the target language.Figure 3The Explanation column in Figure 3 is very important for preserving contextual information for the benefit of the translators. Note also that the glossary plays the important role of dictating what should not be translated.Here are some key moments in the life of a glossary:1. Client hands off early version of product to localization vendor forcreation of glossary.2. Localization vendor compiles list of key terms, with contextualcomments.3. Client conducts training session for translators and editors (optional,and too often overlooked)4. Translator translates (or, in some cases, doesn’t translate) intotarget-language equivalents.5. Vendor returns glossary draft to client.6. Client sends glossary out for review by stakeholders most likely tocomplain about undesirable translations, in order to avoid thesecomplaints once the product has been released. (This is extremelyimportant, and should be performed by in-country partners andco-workers whose livelihood depends on the quality of the translation.)7. Client returns glossary comments to vendor, who incorporates them.8. Once approved, the glossary goes to translators, reviewers, editors andclient for continued reference.A typical glossary will contain a few dozen up to a few hundred terms.Simultaneous shipment (Sim-ship)Handing off resources for translation early in development allows the localization process to begin sooner, but the original resources are more likely to change and grow, requiring additional handoffs before release of the original. On the other hand, handing off the resources after the release of the original ensures that they are frozen, but delays the launch into the regional markets (see Figure 2).Simultaneous shipment in multiple languages is attainable, but it usually takes several localization cycles, as well as ironclad buy-in from upper management. The localization process needs to be an integral part of mainstream development so that changes to the original move quickly into the localized versions.Machine Translation (MT)The urge to automate as much of human effort as possible has also touched the specialty of translation. Since the 1950’s, the field of computational linguistics has contributed a great deal to the technology behind computerized translation, and the road ahead is filled with promise.In MT, the computer applies rules and algorithms for syntax, morphology, semantics and other rules to translate text into a destination language. Another approach uses statistical models to arrive at the most likely translation for the input text. Depending on the source-destination language-pair (some are better matched than others), the unedited result will almost always preserve meaning, but it will rarely be as natural as if translated by a human native speaker.Some localization vendors use MT as adjunct technology in their translation workflow. It can save money and time as an interim step to a post-translation editing pass, but by and large, human language is too old and MT not (yet) old enough for most clients to entrust completely the localization of, say, technical documentation entirely to a computer.Translation Memory (TM) and Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) Tools While also computer-based, these tools differ from Machine Translation. The goal of MT is for the computer to bear the brunt of the translation work, whereas TM and CAT tools help the translator do his/her own translating better, more accurately and faster. Localization vendors in the 21st century must use these tools not only to compete on price, but also to meet market expectations of consistency and quality of translation. Currently prominent products in theTM/CAT category include Catalyst, Déjà Vu, Passolo, SDLX and Trados, among many others.TM expands on the idea of the glossary. Beyond correlating a few dozen or hundred key terms, TM creates a one-to-one correlation between all of the source text and all of the destination text in the entire product and places these correlated pairs into a scalable database. Figure 4 shows source text on the left and destination text on the right.Figure 4The database may contain text from software resources, documentation, Web pages and marketing collateral, making all of it available as reference material to any translator working on any of these projects. In addition, fuzzy-matching algorithms rate approximate matches, so if the TM software finds similarity between a new sentence and another sentence already translated in thedatabase, it will suggest it to the translator with a percentage-rating of closeness.Benefits of TMSeveral compelling benefits can accrue to the organization with all (or even most) of its translation memory in a database.Analysis and cost estimates are more accurateAs observed somewhat ironically on page 2, the key metric in the cost of a localization project is Words. Before TM, it sufficed to estimate the wordcount of the entire project and multiply it by a price per word, but why pay tore-translate text that has already been translated, or which appears identically in many different places? With TM, it is possible to determine the wordcount of phrases and sentences that have already been translated, and thereby arrive at a more accurate cost estimate.Figure 5shows the analysis on a batch of ten new files submitted to a vendor for translation.• 38,891 words are in 4,130 repeated segments 1, or segments whichexactly match another segment in the ten files. The translator can translate the first occurrence of these segments and the TM software will propagate themthroughout the project. In addition, 4,674 words are ―placeable‖ (numbers, tags, symbols) and do not require translation.• In descending buckets from 100% down to 50%, there are a few hundred words in segments which have been translated before. These bucketsrepresent descending degrees of fuzzy match.• The software finds no match for segments containing 104,661 wo rds, so these must be translated from scratch. The 4,951 placeable words donot require translation.Many vendors offer discounts based on this analysis: The higher the percentage match bucket, the greater the discount on words in that bucket.• A 100% match means, of course, that no translation work is required, but the words in the 100% segments must still be ―touched‖ (engineering,desktop publishing, translation memory work, final review, QA), so fewvendors discount them entirely.• A 95-99% match often means that punctuation or the spelling of a single word has changed, or a word has been added or deleted, so a translator must do some light work on the segment and the vendor will discountthe segment slightly less.• Below 75% matches, however, discounts are less common because, by the time the translator has found and dealt with the differences between the old and the new text, s/he may as well translate it from scratch. The vendor can pre-translate new versionsBefore the new file has made it as far as the translator, the TM software will have pre-translated as many 100% matches as possible. For any segment that already has a match in the TM database, the software will retrieve and place the corresponding translation. This greatly reduces the translator’s work and shortens the time to deliver the completed product.In Figure 6, the Chinese segments marked with gold (lines 164-171 in the right-hand column) are 100% matches for the corresponding English segments on the left, which have been retrieved from TM and dropped into the translator’s work file in advance.Figure 6Translations enjoy leverage from one version to the nextSimilarly, the software identifies fuzzy matches and places them. The translator modifies the existing translation in light of how the source text has changed and adds the new segment to the TM database. This helps the translator spot English segments that have changed since the last time the product was translated.Figure 7In Figure 7, segment 174 reads ―You will be charged for this application.‖ The software found the closest fuzzy match (84%) and pre-translated it, tagging it green to call the translator’s attention to it. The TM Difference View window shows the very important change made to the English sentence since the last round of translation: The sentence now reads ―You will not be charged for this application.‖ The software provides enough of the original translation so that the translator does not need to start from scratch.The leverage from one version of the localized product to the next is a tremendous advantage of TM software. While it does not lower the overall wordcount of a product, it eliminates needless work for the translators and shortens time to market for the localized versions.All terms are available for lookup and concordance searchThe combination of the TM database and fuzzy matching also allows for concordance searches on specific text for similar, but not necessarily identical, occurrences.Figure 8In Figure 8 the translator has looked up ―Please try again later‖ in the TM database to see in how many different ways similar text has been translated in the past. This functionality goes deeper than that of a translation glossary because it broadens the subject of the lookup from key terms to common phrases, and the domain of lookup from the few hundred glossary terms to the entire TM database.Clients preserve history from one vendor to the nextFinally, the TM database represents a valuable asset if/when the time comes to change localization vendors. With TM, if a vendor goes out of business or is unable to scale to meet a client’s localization needs, the client can forward the TM database to the new vendor, who can then exploit the translation history with less delay.There may be technical limitations (different TM database formats) and legal issues (ownership of the TM database itself), but the larger the translation history, the smaller these issues look by comparison.A few more notes on TM• The real value in TM lies in its continued use over time. A sustainedinternational effort to deliver future versions of localized products willbenefit handsomely from TM. The organization interested in a one-time, quick-and-dirty translation will enjoy far fewer benefits.• Although TM saves a lot of work, it als o involves a lot of work for vendors.Some vendors bill for it directly and conspicuously, while others bill for it under general engineering costs. On balance, though, its benefitsoutweigh its costs, and there is almost no point in trying to save moneyby instructing the vendor not to use TM tools.• The client must bear in mind that translation memory tools are notmachine translation tools. As described above, MT tries to calculatetranslations of new text using rules and existing translations, whereasTM accumulates segment-by-segment history and assists humantranslators. While hybrid TM-MT solutions are becoming more popular,the industry is still a long way from reducing translation to a pure matter of software and hardware.• The client must b ear in mind the concept of the segment. TM looks forand matches text in entire segments because this is the lowest level ofgranularity which the software can use. For this same reason,wordcounts are a function of words in segments, as described in Figure5.Clients who do not understand the concept of the segment ask a verycommon question: ―My company and product name, Crunchware,appear 900 times in the product, and I want them preserved as―Crunchware‖ in all languages. Do I have to pay for that?‖ The answer is ―Sometimes.‖ If ―Crunchware‖ occurs as a segment all by itself in the TM database – and it probably does – then at all occurrences of thatsame segment there is no work for the translator to do, and the clientwill likely receive a steep discount for that 100% matched segment inevery place that ―Crunchware‖ appears alone. However, if―Crunchware‖ appears in a completely new sentence with 44 otherwords – like this sentence, for instance – then the software will report a 45-word segment with no match in TM, and the vendor will likely charge for 45 words at the full rate per word.SummaryA properly internationalized product is a delight to localize, because it involves no wasted effort in handoff, cost estimation, scheduling, translation, rebuilding, testing, release or support. It meets the needs of users in other regions with no changes to its core functionality, no patches, no bug lists, and no excuses. Enlightened organizations manage their own internationalization (I18n), which keeps it out of the black box.The black box looks black mostly because localization (L10n) takes place outside of the client’s organization and involves tools and skills rarely found inside the organization. The black box is not so much product development as product transformation, in which a familiar, English-original product becomes a French/Korean/Russian/Hebrew/... copy. Translation memory (TM) tools are at the heart of the transformation, keeping costs as low as possible and accelerating the work of translators.Although the L10n process seems trivial to many technology clients, there really is a great deal more to it than simply translating words from one language to another. Honest.。

常用计算机术语翻译

专心翻译做到极致常用计算机术语翻译－－本地化软件本地化行业有很多经常使用的行业术语，非行业人士或刚刚进入该行业的新人，常常对这些术语感到困惑。

另外，软件本地化行业属于信息行业，随着信息技术的迅速发展，不断产生新的术语，所以，即使有多年本地化行业经验的专业人士，也需要跟踪和学习这些新的术语。

本文列举最常用的本地化术语，其中一些也大量用在普通信息技术行业。

对这些常用的术语，进行简明的解释，给出对应的英文。

加速键或快捷键(accelerate key)。

常应用在Windows 应用程序中，同时按下一系列组合键，完成一个特定的功能。

例如，Ctrl + P ，是打印的快捷键。

带重音的字符(accented character)。

例如在拉丁字符的上面或下面，添加重音标示符号。

对于汉字没有此问题。

校准(alignment)。

通过比较源语言文档和翻译过的文档，创建翻译数据库的过程。

使用翻译记忆工具可以半自动化地完成此过程。

双向语言(bi-directional language)。

对于希伯莱语言或者阿拉伯语言，文字是从右向左显示，而其中的英文单词或商标符号从左向右显示。

对于中文，都是从左向右显示。

编译版本(build)。

软件开发过程中编译的用于测试的内部版本。

一个大型的软件项目通常需要执行多个内部版本的测试，因此需要按计划编译出多个版本用于测试。

版本环境(build environment)。

用于编译软件应用程序的一些列文件的集合。

版本健康检查(build sanity check)。

由软件编译者对刚刚编译的版本快速执行基本功能检查的活动，通过检查后，再由测试者进行正规详细测试。

级连样式表(cascading style sheet -CSS)。

定义html等标示文件显示样式的外部文档。

字符集(character set)。

从书写系统到二进制代码集的字符映射。

例如，ANSI字符集使用8位长度对单个字符编码。

而Unicode，使用16位长度标示一个字符。

本地化翻译(Localization)：DTP(Desktop Publishing桌面排版)工具简单介绍

专注翻译恪守精准
图形处理工具（续）
Coreldraw (.cdr)：是目前使用普遍的矢量图形绘制及图像处理软件之一，该软件集图形绘制、平面设计、网页制作、图像处理功能于一体。 FreeHand (.fh8, .fh9, .fh10, .fh11)：是一款非常强大平面向量绘图软件，同時支持 Mac OS 及 MS Windows 平台，最早由 Altsys 公司开发，是 Adobe Illustrator 的强劲竞争对手，但几经周折， Adobe 公司通过收购 Macromedia 将其纳入囊中，并几乎停止了此软件的更新。
专注翻译恪守精准
音频处理工具பைடு நூலகம்
音频处理工具： Adobe Audition 等
Adobe Audition (.wav, .mp3)：是一个专业音频编辑和多轨道混音环境（它的前身是大名鼎鼎的 CoolEdit ）。 Adobe Audition 专为在广播和后期制作方面工作的音频和视频专业人员设计，可提供先进的音频混合、编辑、控制和效果处理功能。最多混合 128 个声道，可编辑单个音频文件，创建回路并可使用 45 种以上的数字信号处理效果 — Audition 是一个完善的多声道录音室，可提供灵活的工作流程并且使用简便。无论要录制音乐、无线电广播，还是为录像配音，Audition 中的恰到好处的工具均可为您提供充足动力，以创造可能的最高质量的丰富、细微音效。
专注翻译恪守精准
文字处理工具（续）
InDesign (indd, inx)：其定位是面向创意设计领域的专业设计、排版与跨媒体编辑工具。具有强大的页面排版功能、灵活方便的表格功能、丰富的图形图像处理能力，可与 Adobe 系列产品中的其他产品紧密集成。其特点是功能强大、应用广泛、兼容性好（ InDesign 软件可直接打开 PageMaker 6.0-7.0 版本的文件及 QuarkXPress 3.3-4.x 版本的文件，对于因缺少相应语言版本而无法进行处理的 PageMaker 或 QuarkXPress 项目，如果客户接受，便可转用 InDesign 来完成）。

翻译行业的本地化翻译总结

建立和完善本地化翻译行业的规范和标准，提高翻译质量和效率，推动行业的健康发展。
创新发展
鼓励本地化翻译技术的创新和应用，推动行业的数字化转型和升级，实现可持续发展。
05
案例分享
案例一：游戏行业的本地化翻译
总结词
游戏行业本地化翻译需注重文化差异和玩家体验。
详细描述
游戏行业本地化翻译不仅仅是简单的语言转换，还需要考虑到不同地区玩家的文化背景和游戏习惯。在翻译过程中，需要注重游戏内容的准确传达，避免因文化差异引起的误解或不良体验。同时，还需关注游戏界面的交互性和易用性，确保玩家在游戏过程中能够顺利理解和操作。
THANKS
感谢观看
专业术语准确
对于涉及特定领域的文本，确保使用准确、专业的术语，并进行适当的注释或解释。
技术问题的解决
翻译工具使用
熟练掌握各种翻译工具和软件，以提高翻译效率和准确性。
术语管理
建立和维护翻译术语库，以确保译文中术语的一致性和准确性。
格式与排版
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网络游戏本地化翻译研究——以《英雄联盟》为例

网络游戏本地化翻译研究——以《英雄联盟》为例网络游戏本地化翻译研究——以《英雄联盟》为例引言随着互联网的普及和发展，网络游戏逐渐成为人们娱乐生活的一部分。

而要让世界各地的玩家都能沉浸其中，感受游戏的乐趣，游戏的本地化翻译显得尤为重要。

本文将以《英雄联盟》为例，探讨网络游戏本地化翻译的研究。

一、网络游戏本地化翻译的背景和意义网络游戏的本地化翻译是将原始游戏中的文本、界面、任务等元素，经过翻译和调整，使其适应不同地区、不同文化背景的玩家。

本地化翻译的目的在于提升游戏的用户体验，增加玩家的参与度和黏性。

本地化翻译具有重大意义。

首先，它打破了地域和语言的限制，让不同语言的人们能够通过游戏进行交流和互动，促进了全球文化的融合。

其次，本地化翻译能让玩家更好地理解游戏内容，增加游戏的可玩性和深入度。

最后，对于游戏开发商来说，本地化翻译有助于拓展市场，提升销售额。

二、《英雄联盟》的本地化翻译实践《英雄联盟》是一款在全球范围内拥有众多玩家的网络游戏，自上线以来就展现出了强大的本地化翻译实践。

以下是该游戏在翻译方面的一些实践探索：1. 文本翻译《英雄联盟》的文本翻译是最基础的部分，同时也是最为重要的。

游戏中的对话、任务描述、技能介绍等都需要被翻译成玩家所使用的语言，以便他们更好地理解游戏规则和操作要点。

在进行文本翻译时，开发商要充分考虑不同语言和文化之间的差异，将游戏内容传达给玩家，同时保留游戏的风格和特色。

2. 界面本地化除了文本的翻译外，《英雄联盟》还进行了界面本地化的工作，包括游戏菜单、设置选项、操作界面等。

这样做可以帮助玩家更好地理解和使用游戏，在不同语言环境下提供更好的用户体验。

3. 主题和情感的传达游戏本地化不仅仅是简单的翻译，它还要传达游戏设计者所想要表达的主题和情感。

开发商通过对剧情、角色、配音等方面的本地化处理，使得玩家在不同地区和文化背景下都能感受到游戏的核心理念和情感体验。

三、网络游戏本地化翻译的挑战与对策在进行网络游戏本地化翻译时，开发商面临着一些挑战。

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企业试图扩展海外业务时，翻译和本地化常常被混为一谈。

实际上，两者之间有着天壤之别，企业亟待了解其中的异同。

因为只有这样的语言人员才能既懂语言，又熟知目标群体在习俗、文化上的差异。

3. 本地化还需要对提交物进行技术处理
4. 通常来说，字对字的翻译无法满足本地化的要求，有时甚至是不合时宜甚至带有冒犯色彩的
5. 简而言之，恰到好处的本地化由一系列复杂的任务组成，并且需要高度专业的资源来完成。

正如许多专业服务一样，“一份价钱，一份货”才是硬道理。

本地化
本地化 (简称为L10n) 是针对目标语言市场进行产品的翻译及改造。

本地化不仅包含将源语言文字转换为目标语言文字的过程，也包含针对目标语言的语义进行分析，以确保其在目标语言中的正确性，以及在目标文化中，产品的（功能及语言）适用性。

值得强调的是，产品最初往往是针对某个市场研发的，而目标市场通常与原始市场大相径庭。

在进行本地化时，翻译人员 (或语言人员，本地化专家) 负责：
- 将目标语言翻译并改编成与源语言对等的目标语言文字，而非简单进行直译
- 评估颜色在文化中的含义
- 更改电话号码及其格式
- 更改时间/日期/度量的表示，使其与当地常规使用的计量系统相吻合
- 对图标或图片进行评估，对其中不适用于目标文化的图标或图片进行更改
- …
经过本地化的产品:
- 能满足当地市场上业务及文化习俗的要求
- 仿佛是根据终端用户文化及语言背景量身定制的
- 不改变产品研发的初衷
如果翻译后的材料不适用于当地文化习俗，即表示其本地化没有做到位。

做好本地化一点都不简单，要解释为什么本地化比翻译昂贵，简直是路漫漫其修远兮，任重而道远。

对于通行同一种语言的国家/地区而言，虽然各地的方言不尽相同，但存在一种较为通用或标准的语言形式，可被所有这些国家/地区理解。

有些企业选择只翻译一种西班牙语，尽管其产品的目标市场包含西班牙，墨西哥，阿根廷，智利和波多黎各。

在本地化之前，将对内容进行“中性化”处理，余下的部分将被改造成对讲该语言的所有地区的文化风俗具备普适性的内容。

其后，再应用市场本地审阅(In-country review) 帮助企业确保内容中没有极具地方色彩的说法。

然而，由于目标地域的不同，产品和本地化策咯及目标的不同，可能有必要针对每个市场进行本地化。

区别将主要在术语上。

案例：
某玩具厂商在美国市场上向小朋友出售拟人化的小猫玩偶，取得了巨大的成功。

这些小猫会讲地道的美式英语，喜欢吃东西，而且是时尚控。

现在，这家厂商考虑将这些玩具发售到欧洲。

直接翻译玩具的市场宣传材料（乃至玩具内部的录音）显然是不合适的，这里需要的是本地化，而不是单纯的翻译。

同时，厂商可能还需要进行市场分析，看看这个玩具是否会在目标国家大受欢迎。

翻译
翻译仅仅是将文字从一种语言转换成另一种，从而使源语言版本的软件、文档、多媒体内容或网页内容变成目标语言的版本。

不幸的是，简单粗暴的词语转换不足以实现企业的目标。

字对字的翻译常常产生搞笑甚至是冒犯性的直译内容。

这在市场上并不少见！
要避免出现这样的错误，企业必须要了解将一个语言翻译成另一个语言与将内容进行本地化究竟有何区别。

只有这样，企业在进军全球的过程中，才能有效避免“鸡同鸭讲”似的错误。