《德伯家的苔丝》英文简介Summary of the Tess of d27Urbervilles

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英语论文《德伯家的苔丝》苔丝的悲剧成因分析

contentsAbstract (I)内容摘要 (II)1. Introduction (1)1.1 About tragedy and Tess of D’urbervilles (1)1.2 About Thomas Hardy (2)1.3 Background of the Novel (3)2. Two Deep Stratification of the Tess’ tragedy in the ovel (4)2.1 Family and Society Caused Tess’s Tragedy (4)2.2 Hypocritical Capitalism Morals View and Unequal Legal System (5)2.3 Impoverishment and Decay of Small Farmers (6)3. Characters Analysis in the Novel (6)3.1 Tess’s Character (7)3.2 Alec’s Characters (9)3.3 Clare’s Characters (10)Conclusion (13)Bibliography (14)AbstractLiterature is a mirror of real life which can reflect all aspects of people’s lives. More and more scholars have begun to study a country from the roots of economy, politics and culture. As early as ancient Greece, there were some creations of tragedy. Thomas Hardy was a famous critical realistic writer at the turn of the 19th century in England; Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the most influential one of all his works. The British famous writer Thomas Hardy was one of the excellent novelists of the Victorian age. His novel reflected the real society. He delineated a lot of characters of tragedies, showing various persons’ enchantment. Hardy succeeded in portraying the image of heroine Tess and revealing the hypocritical ethics and morals of bourgeois society. This novel describes a tragic life about one beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. The article describes the society environment, then begins to analysis of characters’ personality and religion factors open out at that time. Tess’s tragic life is caused by that society and it’s the result of that time. Except this, it can’t be separated from her own weakness in character, because she obviously has the dual nature of the society character---resistance and compromise. As a common person, Tess fought with the society helplessly. In the end, she turned out to be the sacrificial victim of society like all other things which disobey the morality and ethic. This paper will discuss the causes of Tess tragedy in terms of environment and characters that Tess involved.Key Words：Tess’s Tragedy; Social Environment; Family Environment; Moral ethic; Character内容摘要文学作品是现实生活的一面镜子，反映了生活的方方面面。

德伯家的苔丝梗概(英文)

Tess of the D’Urbervilles （德伯家的苔丝）By Thomas Hardy 1891 Main character:苔丝Tess亚历克Alec，其父原名Simon Stokes，后冠以贵族姓氏D’Urbervilles安吉尔·克莱尔Angel ClareTess of the D'Urbervilles is the most famous novel of Thomas Hardy (托马斯·哈代). Tess comes from a farmer’s family. She has lived a poor but peaceful life. One day her parents learn that they are descended from(来源于) the D’Urbervilles, an ancient family once renowned in England. They urges Tess to claim kinship with(攀亲戚) the D’Urbervilles, so that Tess could marry a gentleman. Unwillingly, the girl comes to their house to seek help. There she meets Alec D’Urbervilles who manages to seduce (引诱) the girl and make her pregnant(怀孕的).Being humiliated(羞辱), Tess returns home. Nevertheless(但是), without financial support, Tess has to leave home and goes to work at a farm, where she meets Angel Claire. They fall in love and become engaged. Then comes the wedding night, too honest to keep any secret, Tess tells her husband the truth. She begs for forgiveness (原谅), but Angel chooses to leave for Brazil. Several years later, Tess and her family remains poor and she even has no place to stay. At that time, Alec D’Urbervilles appears again. He takes advantage of the poverty of Tess and promises to support her family. Tess has to live with her foe(仇人).However, Angel Claire regrets(后悔) and comes back. Tess thinks Alec is the person who makes her lose Angel Claire again. She kills Alec angrily. In the end, She is hanged(处以绞刑).。

经但名著阅读《德伯家的苔丝》中英对照

经但名著阅读《德伯家的苔丝》中英对照《德伯家的苔丝》Tess went down the hill to Trantridge Cross, and inattentively waited to take her seat in the van returning from Chaseborough to Shaston. She did not know what the other occupants said to her as she entered, though she answered them; and when they had started anew she rode along with an inward and not an outward eye.苔丝下了山，走到特兰里奇十字路口，漫不经心地在那儿等着搭乘从猎苑回沙斯顿的马车。

她上车的时候，车里其他的乘客同她说话，她虽然也回答了他们，但并不知道他们说了些什么;他们乘坐的马车又接着上路了，苔丝一路上沉浸在内心的回忆中，对车外的一切视若无睹。

One among her fellow-travellers addressed her more pointedly than any had spoken before: 'Why, you be quite a posy! And such roses in early June!'在和她同乘一辆车的旅客中间，有一个人对她说的话比先前的一些人说的话更直截了当:“唉呀，你简直变成了一束花了～这还在六月初呀，就有这么多好看的玫瑰花了～”Then she became aware of the spectacle she presented to their surprised vision: roses at her breast; roses in her hat; roses andstrawberries in her basket to the brim. She blushed, and said confusedly that the flowers had been given to her. When the passengers were not looking she stealthily removed the more prominent blooms from her hat and placed them in the basket, where she covered them with her handkerchief. Then she fell to reflecting again, and in looking downwards a thorn of the rose remaining in her breast accidentally pricked her chin. Like all the cottagers in Blackmoor Vale, Tess was steeped in fancies and prefigurative superstitions; she thought this an ill omen - the first she had noticed that day.接着，她终于意识到在他们惊异的目光里，她表现出来的是怎样一种滑稽的情形了:胸前戴着玫瑰花;帽子上插着玫瑰花;篮子里也装满了玫瑰花和草莓。

《德伯家的苔丝》、《简爱》英文梗概

Tess of the D’Urbervilles·Thomas HardyIn order to lead a better life with less effort, Jack Durbeyfield and his wife persuade their daughter Tess to go to a prosperous family. So Tess leaves her family for the D’Urbervilles. At there, she meets Alec who makes Tess unhappy and tries to possess her. Alec at last manages to have her chastity. Tess gives birth to a baby and soon the baby dies in infancy. To escape there Tess goes to work in a farm where she meets Angel Clare, who is working on different farms to get some experience. He falls in love with Tess. However, Tess refuses to him because of her shameful past. Tess finally agrees to marry angel. Before the wedding, she writes Angel a note telling everything about her past. Angel couldn’t forgive her and leaves her for Brazil. This time Tess works at another farm where she meets Alec again. Alec pursues her again. Tess writes a letter to Angel, begging him to forgive her. But Angel still couldn’t forgive her. Finally Tess goes to Alec. Before long, Angel forgives her. Tess stabs Alec while he is asleep. After spending a few happy days with Angel, she is spotted and hanged._______________________________________________________________________________Jane Eyre·Charlotte BronteJane Eyre lives in her u ncle’s family because her parents were dead when she was a child. After the death of her uncle, Jane is sent to the orphanage Lowood School by her aunt. At there, Jane works very hard. After that, Jane leaves Lowood and finds a position as Rochester’s daughter’s teacher.Rochester has strange temper. After getting along with Rochester, Jane loves him. Before the wedding, Jane is awakened by a strange woman in her room. Later, she knows that the woman is Rochester’s wife. So she leaves Rochester for a remote place. A pastor helps her to find a job of teacher. The pastor also loves her and wants to marry Jane. But Jane still loves Rochester. She rushes to Thornfield, only to find its ruin. Jane finds Rochester a lonely man who lives now at Ferndean. There she stays and later they get married.。

德伯家的苔丝Tessofthed’Urbervilles英文读书报告经典

德伯家的苔丝Tessofthed’Urbervilles英文读书报告经典Tess of the d’UrbervillesIn Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Thomas Hardy has directly satirized nature. This novel revealed the tragedy of lower classes’ destiny and flayed hypocritical gentlemen and morals. In this novel, Hardy demonstrated his deep sense of moral sympathy for England’s lower classes, particularly for women. The novel, which indicated the tendency of anti-religious sentiments, against feudal morality and the laws of capitalists, was warmly received by the reading public though British upper class was bitter against it.In the novel, Thomas Hardy succeeded in portraying an artistic image- Tess. There were sensitivity and beauty to her that have nothing to do with looks. Her beauty is not kind of stunning beauty, but the more you approach to her, you will be more likely to indulge in her beauty. Although she is not an orthodox believer, she has her own pure pursuits of life and living criteria. Her integrated image of kindness and tenderness, tough-minded and plainness should own her a happy life. But it seems that God leaves her out.Alec in the novel is the son of a Manor owner, being dissolute and flirtatious in conduct; however, generally, he is not essentially a bad man. His strong desire to Tess is out of a sort of inherently desire and desire for possession.It’s very normal for such a young man.But he adopts a wrong way-he abducts Tess. He would like to take a part of responsibility of his behavior but Tess turn down his suggestion without hesitation. Tess’s self-respect can’t allow herself bend down to harm. Such a pure girl, should be so strong-mind to bear neighbor’s discrimination andsecular pressure and to take the consequences by herself. She has never asked Alec for help even when she is driven to the last ditch.Finally, Tess chooses to leave for another village where her past is not known and secures a job as a milkmaid at T albothays Dairy. She escapes from the old environment, meanwhile, prepares to make a new start. She fears a romantic love, at the same time, strongly looks forward to it. Anyway, she is only 21years old, she has the right to enjoy the pleasure that love can bring to her.There, she re-encounters Angel Clare who is eager for nature and full of dreams, is Tess’s Prince Charming, one of unfinished dreams in her girlhood. As for Angel Clare, Tess is part of his persistent vision. What he wants is a pure girlto be his wife. Such a match made in heaven will certainly wipe out spark of love.However, the process of their love is filled with difficulties and hardship. Tess, who is pure in mind, is tightly tided by worldly views so that she thinks she can’t marry to Clare for her unclean body. All the time she is hesitating about, bearing a keen pressure of sentiment and intellect, weather should her tell Angel about her past without reserve.The pain that Angel suffers in the pursuit of T ess is far away from Tess’s inner struggle. She could not confessto her lover for being terrified of losing him. And she could not give up the happiness within her grasp to refuse Clare against her will.At their wedding night, Angel confesses that he once had a brief affair with an older woman. When she hears this story, Tess feels sure that Angel will forgive her own indiscretion, and finally tells about her relationship with Alec. But things go contrary to her wishes. Angel, however, is appalled by Tess’s confession. His love to Tess is based on the sky garden of pure tower. Once the base is deprived, his love will collapse. His love is too fragile andvulnerable.Finally, he leaves for Brazil, leaving T ess alone, no messages, no letters and never back again. Tess has waiting for him eight years but can’t win back his hearts. When he realizes his heart, everything is too late. Tess has married to Alec after a long hopeless waiting. Afterwards, when Angel back, on the one hand, Tess felt happy, for her long waiting has come to an end. But on the other hand, she was more distressful and could not control her abhor to Alec. Thus, she killed the man who had destroyed her life.Though, Tess and Angel have spent the five happy days, her life is ended in revenge for love. But she is quiet when she faces the people coming to arrest her. She sa ys,”I was ready.”I know that Tess is happy at the last moment of her life. Because it’s her hope to be with the man who she loves sincerely and there is no need for her to worry about Angel’s despise.Tess, such a pretty and virtuous girl, should have led a happy and peaceful life, but God, “the president of the moral” plays a joke on her. The real tragedy is to display the process of ruining the perfection. Tess’s fate is a good representation.。

【精品】德伯家的苔丝(英文版)精编版

The British famous writer Thomas Hardy was one of the excellent novelists of the Victorian age. He delineated a lot of characters of tragedies, showing various persons’ enchantment.
OUTLINE
• Tess makes another journey away from home, and she meets and falls in love with Angel Clare. After the wedding, Tess and Angel confess their pasts to each other. Tess forgives Angel for his past indiscretions, but Angel cannot forgive Tess for having a child with another man. Angel going to Brazil for a year and Tess going back home.
• He rejects Tess on their wedding night when she confesses that she isn't a virgin, even though he neither.
Major characters
• Alec Stoked'Urberville — The libertine son of Simon Stokes .
The truth of love
• Tess comes over the contempt of others, but she is defeated by the man she loves most. It is so ridiculous! I have guessed that if Angel has not abandoned her, all things may be totally different. Angel does not like his name means. He is not the angel that god sent to save her. He is not deserved her sacrifice. Why can not he forgive her past? If he really loves her, the chastity would be nothing, what is truly important is her spirit. If they have not met each other, they are just strangers and the tragedy may not happen.

苔丝读书报告,全英文

Book Report of Tess of the D’Urbervilles1.AuthorThe famous novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles is written by Thomas Hardy, (1840--1928), one of the representatives of English critical realism at the turn of the 19th century, was also a poet. He was famous for novels of character and Environment. Tess of the D’Urbervilles is one of the great works by Thomas Hardy.2.BackgroundE verything happening had its causes. Tess’s tragedy was also not accidental, which was caused by the cruel society, her poor family and her own nature.In the late 19th century, Britain became the leading industrial country in the world after the rapid development of the industrial revolution. The development of industry eroded the patriarchal order of the traditional agricultural society in England and disrupted the life styles and habits of the peasants formed in the rural environment for a long time. Many simple and honest farmers were in labor at this time, and they had to change from being self-sufficient to being employed and exploited as agricultural workers. At the end of the 19th century, Victorian novelist Thomas hardy, as a witness of such changes during this period, he felt struggling ——the traditional way of life with rural scenery were still attractive to him, therefore, emotionally, he hated the railways into the countryside and the labors with machines replacing manual labor. Tess of t he D’Urbervilles was created under such background.3.Main storyThe story is about the tragic life of Tess Durbeyfield, the daughter of a poor family. She is sent to work as a maid for d’Urbervilles, because she has to support her poor family. Tess is seduc ed by Alec, the son of the family which she serves for, and then gives birth to a child. However, the child dies in infancy, which makes her very depressed. After that, she goes to work on a dairy farm, and then she is engaged to Angel Clare, the son of a clergyman. On their wedding night, they tell each other about their past hoping to be forgiven by each other. However, Clare leaves her after that because he can’t accept the truth. Then Tess becomes a labor again. She is insulted and ill-treated by her ma ster. What’s worse, her father’s death and the bad condition of her family drive her to seek help from Alec who is a preacher now, and she can do nothing but to abbey him. Angel Clare comes back and wants to be reconciled to Tess, but the fact that Tess’s living with Alec hinders her from coming back to Clare. At last, Tess kills Alec in despair and she is soon arrested, tried and hanged.4.ThemesIt is the interactions between three main characters and conflictions that show the themes of this novel.Firstly, this novel indicates the development of industry and capitalism is ridiculous. Tess is an innocent and virtuous girl. Her tragedy began at the decision that she would come to Alec’s house on her famil y’s requirement. The reason for this is exactly the poverty. Indeed, this novel shows the poverty of ordinary family and the richness of the capitalists. This is a kind of contrast with sardonicism towards the true meaning of developing industry, and this also is what Thomas Hardy against.Secondly, it shows the objection to the traditional morality of capitalist. Tess was maiden nomore after she was cheated by Alec, which was obviously not the mistake of Tess, however, almost all the criticism came to her. Even when she told her husband Angel, who had ever loved her so deeply, he deserted her. It was really the so-called “traditional morality” that destroyed Tess. But Tess struggled. She took the criticism but still gave birth to a baby. When arguing with Angle, she even said “ That is not my fault!” This is the denying to traditional morality. But she surrendered to it as this thought had oppressed people for so long. And this is the reason for Hardy to write this novel, to reform the thought of people.Thirdly, this novel also declaimed the male-dominant society.Women living in this patriarchal society are doomed to be oppressed and controlled, unable to escape the fate of tragedy. In the eyes of the guardians of the mainstream discourse of patriarchal society, women are always in an attached and subordinate position. Tess, the innocent victim, was regarded as the opposite of the mainstream ideology of patriarchal society. Still, Tess struggled. After Tess told Angle about what she had ever suffered, Angle was shocked and deserted her. She begged Angle for forgiveness but later announced to get divorced with a letter. She criticized the prejudice of Angle. And this also made Tess a woman in new era of that period. The death of Tess was exactly the accusation of gender inequality.Fourthly, Hardy denounced the hypocrisy of Christian. He gave Angle the title that the son of pastor and meanwhile designed Alec as a pastor is to show how the Christian hypocritical. The Christians pretended to be kind with Christian masks, but their nature was not restricted by their belief. What they said was not at the same as what they did.Tess's tragedy is the tragedy of a pure and kind woman destroyed by the decadent ethics of the bourgeoisie, hypothetic religion and unjust legal system. And Tess's own bourgeois morality and religious moral consciousness, to a certain extent, also caused her tragedy. Her unable to get rid of the bondage of the traditional moral to oneself is the weak side of her character, in addition to Alec as representative's emerging bourgeoisie, this was the direct cause of Tess's misfortune. And represented by the Angel of the traditional ethics was a kind of invisible spirit more terrible persecution. The value of Tess's image was that she dared to challenge the forces that oppress her. However, in the face of powerful social forces, her resistance inevitably brought tragedy. Her tragic fate seemed to be that of a single person, but in fact, she symbolized the entire destiny of the British peasantry of the late 19th century.5.Writing styleThe literary style in Tess of the D'Urbervilles represents the style of that period. We can sum up the literary style in this period. They reveal the ruthless exploitation and political dishonesty to workers by capitalists, describe struggles and attempts of nobody. Their novels contain humanitarian inclination. The gloomy style stories always end up with a tragic ending, which make us think of it for a long time.Tess of the D'Urbervilles is a novel about character and environment novel. In this novel, the environment and the character interactions, foil and sympathize with each other. The emotions changes with colors and the characters and environment form an inseparable whole. The environmental foreshadowing reflects the character's destiny and emotion, and the character's emotional destiny endows the environment with more vitality. The two are in harmony and bring out the best in each other.Hardy used the description of nature, irony and symbolism. Among these, symbolism is the most important. (E.g. Tess’baby symbolized Tess’bad circumstances which were outof Tess’control. This baby was innocent having done nothing wrong, but it was punished by society for coming from such an evil act. Having been raped, Tess was also innocent of the crime, but she was still punished and pushed aside by society.)6.ConclusionHardy punished Tess to die in his novel, in order to awake some people of their equal rights and appeal to the reforms of traditional morality and hypocrisy religion masks. He is an writer with strong willingness not only to denounce the gloom aspects of society but also to change such situations. And that is why Tess of the D'Urbervilles can be wide spread, even flooded by the time.。

德伯家的苔丝英文鉴赏

德伯家的苔丝英文鉴赏Reaction to Tess of the D’UrbervillesIt’s the second time I have read the novel “Tess of the D’Urbervilles”. I have a great impression on this novel, and its author, Thomas Hardy.Thomas Hardy, born in 1840 in Dorsetshire and died in 1928, was an English novelist and poet. Thomas's father was a stonemason and his mother was interested in literature. Under his mother's influences, Hardy began to write at 22. In 1856, Hardy left school and then he apprenticed under a local architect. After that, he became an assistant to a British architect. In this time, he learned literature and philosophy by his own. In 1867, he returned to his hometown and started to write novels. "Tess of the D'Urbervilles" was one of the two most famous novels which were written in 1890s."Tess of the D'Urbervilles" narrates a story about a country girl, who is innocent, beautiful, bright and plain killing a man after being driven desperate. At the beginning of the novel, Tess helps her father to deliver goods into the town by driving a cart. However, she bumps into a mail cart in the dark night. As a result, the old horse is hurt to death in this accident. So Tess gets into a big trouble. In order to atone for her crime and also to support her family, she goes to work in D'Urbervilles'. During these days, one day Alec rapes her in woods. After losing her virginity, Tess leaves Alec and goes home. She gives birth to a child at home, but unfortunately, the child dies soon. Then, she works in a dairy factory and falls in love with Angel Clare. On their wedding night, Clare knows that T ess has lost her virginity. So, he leaves Tess to Brazil. Poor Tess goes to work in anther factory. After her father'sdeath, the landlord takes back the house. Tess has to go back to Alec, so that her families could have a place to live. One day, Clare returns to look for Tess suddenly when he realizes his false. In great pain, Tess kills Alec with a knife. At the end, Tess is hung to death as a murder.In the novel, Tess is a modern woman idealized by Hardy. In an ideal world of Hardy, Tess is the symbol of beauty and the embodiment of love, representing the Wessex people of all good merits: beautiful, kind, pure, plain, love and tolerance. She dares to sacrifice herself with the hope to have a good life. She has a characteristic feeling of the love and trust. The women’s gentle and brave are melted well in her. Tess is a beautiful woman with temperament, strong will and warm feelin gs. She’s also upright and honesty. Instead of pursuing vanities by marriage, she chooses to pursue freedom basing on self-esteem.However, the end of Tess’s life is pathetic. I felt great sympathy for her. I wonder why this beautiful and pure girl has suc h a pathetic ending. But, this is T ess’s fate. I never believe fate, but I have to doubt my opinions after reading the novel. Every man who has read the novel knows that her life has always been passive. She has tried to revolt her fate only once, but has lost her life. Compared with fate, she is too small, and the tragedy of Tess maybe caused by the age. Dark ages brought the opportunists a lot of money meanwhile it makes the kind people suffer the misfortunes. Although Tess fails in revolting her fate, she is so brave that I want to give her my best respect.To me, she is a brave woman who wants to get rid of the bondage of fate. Tess’s death is superior to her fate, instead of yielding to it, and we need this kind of unyielding soul. But, there are also s ome weaknesses in Tess’s characters. Tess is bold andshe dares to fight against traditional morals to pursue her happiness, but she can’t completely set herself free from traditional morals. It shows the weak side of her characters. She has been criticized by people and persecuted by the traditional morals. And it’s so pathetic that she has always been tortured by the same traditional standard. Thus, the tragic appears deeper.Considering her tragedy, I can’t help asking who is to blame for that. Besides I’ve mentioned above, I think, at least two men have to be responsible for Tess’s tragedy, Aleck and Angel.Maybe, you’ll ask why Angel doesn’t accept the cruel truth that T ess has been raped by Alec and has given birth to a child. Why Angel leaves her? Doe sn’t he love Tess? Well, I’d like to say that he loves Tess so much that he can’t stand her impurity. In his eyes, Tess is beautiful and kind, and she is the symbol of purity. He can’t accept the cruel fact and makes his best to control his love to Tess. He thinks that the girl before him is not Tess, but a girl looks like her. In his mind, the real Tess has died. His heartlessness and abortion of Tess show his hates to the fate.As for Aleck, I don’t want to say more. The tragedy he has brought to Tess is obvious. All he has done to Tess is not out of love, because love is noble, but all he wants to get from Tess is lust. Alec is wealthy and evil. He seduces Tess, and that’s the direct cause of Tess’s tragedy.We all know that another name of this novel is “A Pure Woman”. In Hardy’s eyes, Tess is pure and brave. He shows great sympathy to Tess. At that age, men dominated the society, while women didn’t realize their rights. They are limited by the traditional morals and religion rules. In the novel, Tess is a poor victim, but because of the culture of the society, the other womendon’t show their sympathies to her. They criticize her and fabricate rumors to defame her. It’s such a tragedy that women don’t help women. As a boy, after reading the novel, I feel more sympathy for Tess. I don’t understand the thoughts of those people living in that age, but today, well, men and women are equal.。

The Analysis of Tess’s Tragedy in Tess of the D’Urbervilles

The Analysis of Tess’s Tragedy in Tess of the D’UrbervillesAbstractTess of the D’Urbervilles is the most influential one of all Thomas Hardy’s works. The novel tells a tragic life about a beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. This thesis analyzes the personal character and society tragedy open out at that time. The author, Hardy, revealed a common girl, Tess, fought with the society helplessly. Finally, Tess’s tragic life can not be separated from her own weakness in character. Key Words:Tess; Tragic Life; Victim of Society摘要《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯·哈代最为有影响力的一部巨著。

该小说主要讲述了一个美丽纯真的少女失身后悲惨的命运。

论文通过对小说中社会环境的描写，从分析人物性格和社会悲剧着手。

苔丝的悲剧生活于其自身的弱点是分不开的。

作者哈代揭示了一个普通女孩，苔丝无助地与当时社会抗争，最终苔丝成为社会的牺牲品。

关键词：苔丝；悲惨的命运；社会的牺牲品ContentsAbstract (i)摘要................................................................................................................................ i i I. Introduction . (1)II. Reasons of Family for Tess’s tragedy (3)A. Family Background (3)B. Her Parents for Tess’s Tragedy (3)1. Her Father to Tess’s Tragedy (3)2. Her Mother for Tess’s Tragedy (3)III. Reasons of Her Own for Tess’s Tragedy (5)A. Her Sacrifice for the family (5)B. Her sacrifice for love (5)IV. Character and Social Elements for Tess’s Tragedy (7)A. Character Element for Her Tragedy (7)1. Facing Alec (7)2. Her Nature Character—Industrious and Brave (7)B. Dual Nature of Character for Her Tragedy (7)1. Resistance (8)2. Uncompromise (8)C. Social Element for Her Tragedy (8)1. Capitalism of social background (8)2. Male Consciousness Leading to Tess’s Tragedy (9)V. Conclusion (10)Acknowledgements (11)Bibliography (12)I. IntroductionTess was born in a poor family. One day, her father was told that he was the lineal descendants of ancient family of the D’Urbervilles, then he turned his head up. He and his vain and vulgar wife decided to sent Tess to a rich family also called D’Urbervilles’s descendant. In order to get support their society status, Tess went to the rich family, after that being raped and pregnant. The child was born, then died soon. Several years later, she left home to a milk factory to work. There did she meet her true love Angel Clare. They fell in love and engaged. She greatly admired Angel Clare and loved him. But Angel did not learn of her previous relationship with Alec until their wedding night.On the wedding night, Tess told all about it to his husband, but she did not get his understanding. After that Angel abandoned her then he went to Brazil to develop his business alone. When Tess and Alec met again, because of the hard life, she lived with Alec again. Several years later, Angel returned from abroad. He was very sorry for what he did. And he told Tess his thought. For Tess loved him so addicted, she wanted to back to Angel. So Tess murdered Alec.After she spent a few days of happiness with Angel, Tess was arrested and then died.Thomas Hardy was the last important novelist of the Victoria ages, an age of realism rather than of romanticism –a realism which strives to tell the whole truth showing moral and physical diseases as they are.Victorian literature in general truthfully represents the reality and spirit of this age long—realistic, thickly plotted, and crowded with characters. Hard y’s expression of the truth of this age which came from the agitation of life and fatalism of human being also had a high place in Western literature.The tragic idea in Hardy’s novels spring and develop in form and connotation. The tragedy consciousness in Hardy’s novels originated from Western traditional tragic spirit which was full of rationalism and profound reflection on the contradictions of human society. And it also revealed an ineluctable and inevitable conditionality of fate. That is to say, the heroes or heroines would slip into the tragicpath of life in the end in Western literature no matter whether they liked or not, or where they hided. Tragedy was their final arrangement.When he was young, he derived a love of music from his father and a devotion to literature from his mother. He grew up in the Dorset shire, of which the environment there became the main backdrop of his writings. Thomas Hardy was afamous critical realistic wreter at the turn of the 19th century in England, His writings often reflected the change after capitalism intruded the countries in England and the people’s hard life. Hardy began to creating the novels in the early 1870s.In the late 1890s, he turned to write poetry. The Britain in this period was undergoing a transition period from laisser-faire capitalism to imperialism. The capitalism thought that the social system of this period could not be changed. But Hardy’s works exactly clashed with it, which reflected the tremendous changes of society due to the invasion of industrial capital to the village.Tess of the D’Urbervilles was published in the year of 1891, which was one of his most famous novels. This novel explosed women’s tragic life in that time.The thesis discribs two reasons, one is Tess’s personality character, another one is so ci ety reasonsII. Reasons of Family for Tess’s tragedyA. Family BackgroundAt the beginning of the novel, Tess was a daughter of poverty descent which had once magnificent .She was a dairymaid, who lived in the country, as a daisy on the village roadside, beautiful but humble, and being with her family was broken up and decimated sixty years ago before the story began. And as the writer express emotion, “Norman's descent, not for the support of Victoria 1800, the wealth, a very inconsequential!” Distinguished background doesn’t bring any benefits to Tess, but her tragic life was begun..B. Her Parents for Tess’s Tragedy1. Her Father to Tess’s TragedyTess’s father, a carter in Marlott, who is a lazy alcoholic. He hated to work hard when he learned that his family is descended from nobility. In order to get some porfits When pastor said “D’Urbeyfield, that you are the lineal representative of the ancient and knightly”He became excited and walked in a profound reverie. He began to make his noble dream: “tell them to send a horse and carriage to me immediately, tocarry me home” Even more, D’Urbeyfield put his hand in his pocket, and produced a shilling, one of the chronically few that he possessed. He sent it to the lad with the lavish expression.As if a pedigree can change his poverty, he became complacent and full of the unlimited dream. The unrealistic illusion changed Tess’s tragedy fate.2. Her Mother for Tess’s TragedyTess’s mother, whose ambitions were much simpler. She wanted Tess to rise in the world by making a successful marriage. Tess returned to home after having been raped by Alec, and she told her mother what had happpened in the forest with Alec. Her mother told her “You ought to be more careful if you did not mean to get him to make you his wife”. Tess answered, “Oh, mother, my mother! How could I be expected to know? I was a child, when I left this house for months ago. Why did you tell me there was danger in man folk?” Tess did not have the knowlwdge about men,because of her lower education. Tess’s mother was frustrated with the reasons why Tess did not marry Alec. Her mother believed that if Tess married Alec, her family’s situation would be changed greatly.The attitudes of her parents determined Tess’s tragic end in a large property. If Tess was not born in this poor family or her family was also a noble one. If she was not so responsible for her duty, and she was not so kind, her life would not end up in this way.III. Reasons of Her Own for Tess’s TragedyA. Her Sacrifice for the familyTess sacrificed herself for her family. As a rural girl from a peasant family, she maintained the simple innocent qualities of peasant. Her family was very poor. All they lived on was a weak horse，Furthermore, Tess’s parents would not work to support themselves. The family lived a hard life, because there were seven younger sisters and brothers. Poverty forced Tess at the age of 17 to take her parents’ duty of financial burden of the whole family. Tess was too young! At that age most people are still in school!Tess’s father, John Durbeyfield is a plain haggler in the village of Marlott, when he learned that he is the lineal representatives of ancient and knightly family of the d’Urbervilles. He is very proud of his aristocratic ancestry and celebrates in a tavern. There, he decides to send Tess to claim kinship with the d’Urbervilles. He is hypocritical and ignorant. He thinks Tess should marry a rich man, through which will give his family we alth and fame. Besides, Tess’s mother is also a selfish and hypocritical rural woman; she is attracted by her husband’s noble blood. When she learns that old lady d’Urbervilles is blind and his son, Alec is still unmarried, she should and could realize the risk sending Tess there, for her chastity. And she can’t accept and understand Tess’s refuse to Alec’s proposal. Her parents even can’t meet their ends meet. Then, we come to Tess’s seven younger brothers and sisters. They are all very young, and can’t sh are the burden of the family. Thus, the heavy burden of supporting the family falls on Tess’s family. She is willing to work hard and share the burden, and sacrifice her own happiness. It’s all out of her responsibility for the family. Alec to him is a devil, a destroyer, she never loves him, but she still subjects to him for his material aid to her family. That is a great spirit and love for the family.B. Her sacrifice for loveIn Tess’s life, she encountered with two men, namely, Alec and Angel. Hercredulity to Alec and infatuation to Angel.How uncompromising she was in life. But she was not a successor in love. She was a slavery of love. Tess’s physically was injured by Alec, and mentally was affected by Angel. Alec is portrayed as a spoiled; almost evil person and a high class snob. From the first time, she met Alec, Tess can not escape from his palm. While, working on the dairy farm, Tess met Angel. They fell in love. Tess was very admire Angel Clare, and loved him. Unfortunately, when Tess told him what happened to her past, Angel abandoned her. Because he had an idea of egoism, which is deeply affected by the traditional society morals and conventions. Even though he , himself, was not a pure man, he could not accept Tess who was not a really pure bride. Tess’s love made her to death. After Angel left, due to the pressure of life, Tess had to return to Alec.After that, Angel came back from Brazil, he told Tess that he forgave her past. By the reason of her love to him, Tess murdered Alec. “To her su blime trustfulness he was all that goodness could be… knew all that a guide, philosopher, and friend should know she thought every line in the contour of his person the perfection of masculine beauty, his soul the soul of a saint, his intellect that of a seer. The compassion of his love for her, as she saw it, made her life up her heart to him in devotion.” Her love was so cheap that Tess lost herself, and her own dignity. This blind and unequal love made Tess lose some rights of a true wife who could seek happiness. This directly led to Tess’s tragic.IV. Character and Social Elements for Tess’s TragedyA. Character Element for Her TragedyTess’s personal characteristics were also the cause of her tragedy. Towards life, Tess is never surrendered. No matter life is difficult, she tried her best to overcome the hardships.1. Facing AlecFacing Alec, she always resisted the temptation. She gave up enjoying the comfort of life, raised children alone. She was not knocked downed by the discrimination around, and she kept silently, endured the injustice of life. Although her life was full of combat and disaster, but she endured, and never made excessive demands of life. When she met Alec again, which were also the most difficult times of her life, however she was unmoved upon temptation. As it is said in the book 〝Passionately swung the love by the gauntlet directly in his face…A scarlet oozing appeared where her blow and alighted, and in a moment the blood began dropping from his mouth upon the straw〞2. Her Nature Character—Industrious and BraveTess was a daughter of poor peasants had been reduced to a wage laborer. Her nature character concentrated reflection human nature industrious and brave, is refracting the quality of human nature’s brave benevolence. Tess’s beauty and temperament was harmony with the nature, she was “the nature’s daughter”, and her mind which is contaminated after the common custom has not been good and the rich sympathy, she never even a fly, worms were not cruel enough to injury and a little bird in a cage could make she cry. Tess this own character decided she had no ability to protect herself, and the efforts required to pay in excess of her endurance. The tragedy of her fate set the tone early, and the tragedy’s happen ed only the problem of time or might different in form.B. Dual Nature of Character for Her TragedyTess experienced major changes in human relationships. She obviously has the dual nature of the social character---- resistance and compromise.1. ResistanceTess was in a difficult position, but she never spiritless. Tess was only her parents’ tool, and this field confirmed blood relation's transaction has ruined her pure and chaste, and also made Tess doubt her own nature. From then on, “Almost at a leap Te ss thus changed from simple girl to complex woman.” Marries the tentative plan wa s disillusioned; Tess’s inner asked “Woman's chastity, really time has lost, forever has lost? All organisms have the ability to restore the source, why shouldn't the sole mai den's chastity have this kind of ability?” (Thomas Hardy,)“why the sun do shine on the just and the unjust alike？”Treat with the bad young man Alec. Tess revolts constantly (Thomas Hardy, 145, 164, 184).2. UncompromisedAlthough she became a disgraceful woman, she always held an inviolable attitude to Alec. She fostered the child lonely, although without it she might have enjoy easy and comfortable life,. Periphery discriminated the judgment had not certainly frightened her; she silently endured the unfair in the life. Although life gave her only attack and disaster，she all can tenaciously endure and undertake and never set the excessive request to the life. The second time, Tess meet Alec just her lives in the most difficult time. Faced every enticement of Alec, she basic remained unmoved, Tess was not willing to compromise.C. Social Element for Her Tragedy1. Capitalism of social backgroundThis story happened in the late of Britain's Victorian era，in this time, Capitalist class controlled all right, and the law were serviced for them. Farmers were at the bottle of the society, they had never equal right as the capitalist class. Tess as a woman in the Victorian era，she cannot avoided the “Hegemony”father right consciousness to “woman”nature understanding and severe social etiquette。

苔丝英文概括

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Summary：
In the Victorian period, a rural clergyman in England tells Durbeyfield, a simple farmer, that he is descended from the illustrious d'Urberville family, now extinct; or maybe not. Durbeyfield sends his daughter Tess to check on a family named d'Urberville living in a manor house less than a day's carriage ride away. Alec d'Urberville is delighted to meet his beautiful cousin, and he seduces her with strawberries and roses. But Alec is no relation to Tess; he has gotten his illustrious name and coat of arms by purchasing them. Alec falls in love with Tess, seduces/rapes her, and she leaves, pregnant; back at home, the baby dies. Some time later, Tess begins work as a milkmaid, and there she meets her true love Angel Clare. Angel believes her completely innocent. They fall in love, but Angel does not learn of her previous relationship with Alec until their wedding night, and rejects her. Deserted by her husband, Tess meets Alec again, and poverty forces her to resume their relationship. Angel returns from travelling abroad, remorseful at his treatment of Tess, but finds her with Alec. Tess murders Alec in order to run away with Angel. They spend one night of happiness together, before she is arrested.
（学习的目的是增长知识，提高能力，相信一分耕耘一分收获，努力就一定可以获得应有的回报）。