2#斜井进正洞挑顶方案
高职英语2课文翻译
Unit31.It’s importa nt to know your objecti ves on a busines s trip,and to set out with those goals in mind and how toaccompl ish them.But along the way,somethi ng ratheramazing happens when you travelon busines s.You may go to some prettyamazing places,and get chances to see thingsyou would have never soughtout on your own.翻译：了解出差的目的，出发时牢记目标并清楚如何达成目标，这些都是很重要的。
但在途中也会发生一些有趣的事情。
你可能会去到一些令人惊叹的地方，有机会看到你自己可能永远都发现不了的东西。
s s.There are times when you have complet ed your work and 2.Busines s trips don’t have to be all about busine,attract ions and good food.The first resourc e to find out what is reallyyou can take in some of the local colorn g is the locals. If you go to a faraway town to conduct busines s cool to enjoy in the city or town you are visitiwith a partner or vendor, they are often more than happy to show you the lay of the land and what is fun to see and do in the town.翻译：商务旅行不必都是生意。
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程2课文背诵段落原文及翻译
11 To restore balance to my life, I force myself back into the real world. I call people, arrange to meet with the few remaining friends who haven't fled New York City. I try to at least get to the gym, so as to set apart the weekend from the rest of my week. I arrange interviews for stories, doctor's appointments -- anything to get me out of the house and connected with others.
13 However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon).
周边地面 2
周边地面——对没有地下室的建筑指底层房间外墙内侧两米范围内的地面。
对有地下室埋墙的建筑，指从室外地面和埋墙的交线算起向下两米内为周边地面。
非周边地面——对没有地下室的房间指底层地面中周边地面以外的部分。
有地下室埋墙的建筑，非周边地面指埋墙和地面面积的和减去从室外地面和埋墙交线算起向下两米的面积。
关于周边地面和非周边地面的几点说明1．周边地面和非周边地面的定义周边地面指距外墙内表面2m以内的地面，其余部分划为非周边地面。
位于室外地面以下的外墙（地下室外墙）应从与室外地面相平的墙壁算起，往下2m范围内为周边地面，其余部分划为非周边地面。
2．节能标准中对周边地面和非周边地面传热阻的计算《民用建筑节能设计标准》（采暖居住部分）JGJ26-95和《公共建筑节能设计标准》GB50189-2005对周边地面和非周边地面热阻采用了不同的计算方法，应分别对待。
A) 居住建筑：换热阻计算依据来源于《供热工程》（贺平孙刚编著）。
由于室内热量通过地面传到室外的路程长短不同，即热阻值不同，靠近外墙的室内地面，距离室外路程短，热阻值小，传热量大，反之远离外墙的地面热阻值大，传热量小，离外墙8m以远的地面，传热量基本不变。
基于上述情况，在工程上一般采用近似方法计算，把地面沿外墙平行的方向分成四个计算地带（每2m为一个地带，8m以外地面按第四地带考虑），如图1示。
1) 对于贴土非保温地面（组成地面的各层材料导热系数λ都大于1.16W/m?℃），各地带的传热系数和换热阻如下：周边地面传热系数限值为0.52 W / m2·℃地区，考虑到非保温地面第一地带（周边地面）的传热系数为0.47 W / m2·℃，小于限值0.5 2W / m2·℃,可不做保温；非周边地面（第二、三、四地带）不做保温时传热系数最大值为0.23 W / m2·℃,小于限值0.3 W / m2·℃，同样也能满足非周边地面限值的要求。
WLAN安全策略-WEP、WPAWPA2、WPA3、
WLAN安全策略-WEP、WPAWPA2、WPA3、常⽤WiFi加密⽅式推荐Wi-Fi 加密⽅式有不加密、WPA2 PSK 模式、 WPA/WPA2 PSK 混合模式、WPA2 PSK/WPA3 SAE 混合模式。
1）加密⽅式设置为不加密时，连接路由器的 Wi-Fi 时⽆需输⼊密码，因此不太安全。
2）WPA2 PSK 的加密⽅式设置⽐ WPA/WPA2 PSK 更安全，但是只有⽤ WPA2 认证的终端才能正常连接，因此会有兼容性问题。
3）加密⽅式设置为 WPA/WPA2 PSK 时，WPA 或 WPA2 认证的终端都可以连接路由器。
4）WPA2 PSK/WPA3 SAE 的加密⽅式⽐ WPA/WPA2 PSK 更安全，WPA2 或 WPA3 认证的终端都可以连接路由器。
建议您将路由器设置为 WPA/WPA2 PSK 混合模式。
WLAN安全策略配置建议WEP有线等效加密WEP（Wired Equivalent Privacy）协议是由802.11标准定义的，⽤来保护⽆线局域⽹中的授权⽤户所传输的数据的安全，防⽌这些数据被窃听。
WEP的核⼼是采⽤RC4算法，加密密钥长度有64位、128位和152位，其中有24bit的IV（初始向量）是由系统产⽣的，所以WLAN服务端和WLAN客户端上配置的密钥长度是40位、104位或128位。
WEP加密采⽤静态的密钥，接⼊同⼀SSID下的所有STA使⽤相同的密钥访问⽆线⽹络。
WEP安全策略WEP安全策略包括了链路认证机制和数据加密机制链路认证机制和数据加密机制。
开放系统认证和共享密钥认证。
详细的内容请参见中的”链路认证阶段“。
链路认证链路认证分为开放系统认证和共享密钥认证如果选择开放系统认证⽅式，链路认证过程不需要WEP加密。
⽤户上线后，可以通过配置选择是否对业务数据进⾏WEP加密。
如果选择共享密钥认证⽅式，链路认证过程中完成了密钥协商。
⽤户上线后，通过协商出来的密钥对业务数据进⾏WEP加密。
现代大学英语中级写作(上)_Unit 2
No mistakes
Questions to think about Is this a directive or informative process
analysis? It is an informative process analysis giving the history of Liquid Paper. What is the central idea of the essay? Is the thesis statement presented or implied? The central idea is how Liquid Paper was invented and how it became a big business. The thesis statement is implied.
What is Process Analysis?
• A process analysis(PA) is a step-by-step explanation of how to do something , or how something works/ is done or made, or how something happened.
2的书写方法
2的书写方法在日常生活中，我们经常会涉及到数字2的书写。
无论是在学习、工作还是生活中，正确的书写方法都是非常重要的。
下面，我们就来详细了解一下数字2的书写方法。
首先，我们要明确数字2的基本形态。
数字2是阿拉伯数字中的一个，它的基本形态是一个弯曲的弧线，上面有一个小圆圈。
这是我们最常见的数字2的书写形式，也是最标准的书写形式。
在书写时，我们需要注意保持数字2的整体形状，保持圆润、匀称，不要出现歪斜、变形等情况。
其次，我们要注意数字2的书写顺序。
在书写数字2时，一般是从上到下、从左到右的书写顺序。
首先画出数字2的上半部分的曲线，然后再画下半部分的曲线，最后在上半部分的曲线上方画一个小圆圈。
这样的书写顺序可以帮助我们更好地掌握数字2的书写方法，保持数字的整体形状和美观度。
除了基本形态和书写顺序外，我们还需要了解数字2的书写规范。
在正式的文件、文书、报告中，数字2的书写需要符合一定的规范。
一般来说，数字2要与其他数字保持一致的字体、大小和风格，以保持整个文档的统一性和美观度。
在手写时，我们也需要注意字迹工整、规范，避免出现潦草、模糊的情况。
此外，数字2的书写还需要注意与其他数字的区分。
在一些情况下，数字2可能会与字母z混淆，因此在书写时要特别小心，确保数字2的书写清晰可辨，不会引起误解。
总的来说，正确的数字2的书写方法对我们的学习、工作和生活都是非常重要的。
通过掌握数字2的基本形态、书写顺序和书写规范，我们能够更好地书写出整洁、规范的数字2，提高书写质量，避免出现错误和混淆。
希望大家能够重视数字2的书写方法，不断提升自己的书写水平，为自己的学习和工作增添亮点。
2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题真题(打印版)
2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark A,B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each textby choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually arequirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-beworkers do not get left behind.. We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demandwill change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.Research by the WEF detailed in the Harvard Business Review, findsthat on average 42 per cent of the core skills " within job roles willchange by 2022. That is a very short timeline, so we can onlyimagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one Forindividual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workerswhose skills are no longer demand and replace them with thosewhose skills are.That does not always happen.AT&T is often given asthe gold standard of a company who decided to do a massivereskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy.ultimatelyretraining 18,000employees. Prepandemic,othercompanies including Amazon and Disney had also pledged to createtheir own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economythough, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts inCanada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and havegiven us a situation where we frequently hear of employers beggingfor workers even at times and In regionswhere unemployment is high.With the pandemic, unemployment is veryhigh indeed. In February,at 3.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent respectively,unemployment rates inCanada and the United States were at generational lows and workershortages were everywhere.As of May, those rates had spiked up to13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortageshad disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take anobvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clearshortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnelOf course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter andtrain him to be a doctor in a few weeks, no matter who pays for it.Buteven if you cannot close that gap, maybe you can close others, anddoing so would be to the benefit of all concerned That seems to bethe case in Sweden, where the pandemickick-started a retrainingprogram where business as well as government had a role.Reskiling in this way would be challenging in a North Americancontext. You can easily imagine a chorus of"you cant do that,"because teachers or nurses or whoever have special skills, and usingany support staff who has been quickly trained is bound to end indisaster. Maybe. Or maybe it is something that can work 'ell inSweden,with its history of co-operation between business,labourand government, but not in North Americawhere our history is verydifferent. Then again, maybe it is akin to wartime, when extraordinarythings take place, but it is business as usualafter the fact.And yet, asin war the pandemic is teaching us that many things, including rapidreskilling, can be done if there is a will to do them. In any case,Swedens work force is now more skilled, in more things,and moreflexible than it was before.Of course, reskilling programs, whether for pandemic needs or thepostpandemic world,are expensive and at a time when everyonesbudgets are lean this may not be the time to implement them.Thenagain,extending income support programs to get us through thenext months is expensive, too, to say nothing of the cost of having aswath of long-term unemployed in thePOST-COVID years Given that,perhaps we should think hard about whether the pandemic canjump-start us to a place where reskilling becomes much more than abuzzword.B.PreDaacancies for the unemplovo teau.e1C. Retrain their cabin staff for better servicesD.finance their staff' s college educationText 2When Microsoft bought task managennent app Wunderlist andmobile calendar Sunrise in 2015, it pickecup two newcomers thatwere attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft' s ownOffice dominates the market for"productivity"software, but thestart-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from theground up for the smartphone world.Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it hadused their best features in its own productsTheir teams of engineersstayed on, making them two of the many" acqui-hires"that thebiggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for techtalent.To Microsoft’ s critics,the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise areexamples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up anyinnovative companies that lie in their path. " They bought theseedlings and closed them down,"complained Paul Arnold, a partnerat San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting paid to businessesthat might one day turn into competitors. Microsoft declined tccomment.Like other start-up investors,Mr Arnold ' s own business oftendepends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies,though headmits to mixed feelings about the result:"I think these things aregood for me, if I put my selfish hat on. But are they good for theAmerican economy? I don' t know.”The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answerto that question. This week, it asked the five most valuable US techcompanies for information about their many smallacquisitions ovelthe past decade. Although only a research project at this stage, therequest has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stagetech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.Given their combined market value of more than $5.5tn,riflingthrough such small deals —many of them much less prominent thanwunderlist and Sunrise —might seem beside the point. Betweenthem,the five companies (Apple，Microsoft,Google，Amazon andFacebook) have spent an average of only $3.4bn a year on sub-$1bnacquisitions over the past five years a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than$130bn of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.However, critics say that the big companies use such deals to buytheir most threatening potential competitcrs before their businesseshave a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a"buyand kill" tactic to simply close them down31. What is true about Wuderlist and sunrise after their acquisitionsA.Their market values declined.B. Their tech features improvedC. Their engineers were retainedD. Their products werere-priced.32. Microsoft's critics believe that the big tech companies tend toA. ignore public opinionsB.treat new tech talent unfairlyC.exaggerate their product qualityD.eliminate their potential competitors.33. Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions miahtA. harm the national economyB. worsen market competitionC. discourage start-up investorsD.weaken big tech companies.34. The US Federal Trade Commission intend toA. examine small acquisitionsB. limit Big Tech'’ s expansionC. supervise start-ups’operationsD.encourage research collaboration35. For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisition haveA. brought little financial pressureB. raised few management challengesC.set an example for future dealsD. generated considerable profitsText 4we're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions,thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to afive-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneousbut intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed"thin slicing,"the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watchsilent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly withstudents’ end-of-semester ratings.Another set of participants had tccount backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips,occupying their conratings were just asaccurate, demonstrie social processing.Critically, anotherninute writing downreasons for their Jjudgment,betore giving the rating. Accuracydropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focusedthem on vivid but misleading cues,such as certain gestures orutterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signalsform a holistic impression. She found similar interference whenparticipants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judgedwhether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception andsexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition insteadof reflection.“It' s as if you' re driving a stick shift," says Judith Hall,a psychologist at Northeastern University,"and if you start thinkingabout it too much, you can' t remember what you’ re doing. But if yougo on automatic pilot, you' re fine. Much of our social life is like that."Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferencesCollege students' ratings of strawberry jams and college coursesaligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren'tasked to analyze their rationale. And peoplemadecar-buyingdecisions that were both objectively better and more personallysatisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details,but only if the decision was complex — when they had a lot o1information to process.Intuition ' s special powers are unleashed only in certaincircumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eighttasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules,comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition andcreativity (generating new products or figures of speech).Then theyrated the degree to which they had used intuition ( "gut feelings,""hunches,"“my heart”). Use of their gut hurt their performance onthe first four tasks,as expected, and helped them on the restSometimes the heart is smarter than the head.36. Nalini Ambabys study deals with_A. instructor student interactionB.the power of people's memoryC. the reliability of first impressionsD.People’s ability to influence others37. In Ambaby ' s study,rating accuracydropped whenparticipants_A. gave the rating in limited timeB. focused on specific detailsC. watched shorter video clipsD. discussed with on another38.Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that_A. memory can be selectiveB.reflection can be distractingC. social skills must be cultivatedD. deception is difficult to detect39. When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to_A. follow your feelingsB. list your preferencesc. seek expert adviceD.collect enough data40.(缺)Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. FotQuestions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G tcfit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choiceswhich do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10 points)A. Stay calmB. Stay humbleC. Don’t make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE. Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG. Identify a shared goalHow to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than YouYour boss proposes a new initiative you think won' t work.Youlsenior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has morepower than you do? How do you decide whether it’s worth speakingup? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here' s how tcdisagree with someone more powerful than you.41.You may decide it' s best to hold off on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through, the wholediscussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense oiwhat the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contributeexperience or information to your thinking—all the things that wouldmake the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good ideato delay the conversation if you' re in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel lessthreatened.42.Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerfulperson cares aboutit may be "the credibility of their team orgetting a project done on time. You' re more likely to be heard if youcan connect your disagreement to a higher purpose.When you dospeak up, don' t assume the link will be clear. You’ ll want to state itovertly, contextualizing your statements so that you' re seen not as adisagreeable underling but as a colleague whos trying to advance ashared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess gamethan a boxing match.43.This step may sound overly deferential, but it' s a smart way to givethe powerful person psychological safety and control. You can saysomething like,“I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quartercommitment here.I have reasons to think that won' t work.T d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person achoice,allowing them to verbally opt in.And, assuming they say yes.it willmake, you feel more confidentabout voicing yourdisagreement.44._You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but dcwhatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions,When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety,itundercuts the message. Itsends a mixed message, and yourcounterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help, ascan speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky wetend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking inan even tone helps the other person calm down and does the samefor you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't.45._Emphasize that you're offering your opinion, not gospel truth. Itmay be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it' s still anopinion, my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying something like, " If we set an end-of-quarterdeadline, we'll never make it,:" say,“This is just my opinion, but ldon't see how we will make that deadline." Having asserted yourposition(as a position，not as a fact) demonstrate equal curiosityabout other views.Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.Part CDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggestsource of connection, laughter and warmth . While that may well betrue, researchers have also recently found that interacting withstrangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belongingthat we didn't expect.In one series of studies,researchers instructed Chicago- areacommuters using publictransportation to strike up a conversationwith someone near them. On average,participants who followed thisinstruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit insilence.The researchers also argued that when we shy away fromcasual interactions with strangers,It is often due to a misplacedanxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time,however, this belief is false . As it tums outmany people are actuallyperfectly wiling to talk- and may even beflattered to receive yourattention .Section m WritinPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are organising an online meeting. Write an email to Jackan international student.(1) invite him to participate,and(2) tell him the detailsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use " LiMing"instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay based on chart below. In your writing,you should(1) interpret the chart,and(2) give your commentsYou should write about 150words on theANSWERhave a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a"buyand kill" tactic to simply close them down31. What is true about Wuderlist and sunrise after their acquisitionsA.Their market values declined.B. Their tech features improvedC. Their engineers were retainedD. Their products werere-priced.32. Microsoft's critics believe that the big tech companies tend toA. ignore public opinionsB.treat new tech talent unfairlyC.exaggerate their product qualityD.eliminate their potential competitors.33. Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions miahtA. harm the national economyB. worsen market competitionC. discourage start-up investorsD.weaken big tech companies.34. The US Federal Trade Commission intend toA. examine small acquisitionsB. limit Big Tech'’ s expansionC. supervise start-ups’operationsD.encourage research collaboration35. For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisition haveA. brought little financial pressureB. raised few management challengesC.set an example for future dealsD. generated considerable profitsText 4we're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions,thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to afive-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneousbut intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed"thin slicing,"the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watchsilent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly withstudents’ end-of-semester ratings.Another set of participants had tccount backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips,occupying their conratings were just asaccurate, demonstrie social processing.Critically, anotherninute writing downreasons for their Jjudgment,betore giving the rating. Accuracydropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focusedthem on vivid but misleading cues,such as certain gestures orutterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signalsform a holistic impression. She found similar interference whenparticipants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judgedwhether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception andsexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition insteadof reflection.“It' s as if you' re driving a stick shift," says Judith Hall,a psychologist at Northeastern University,"and if you start thinkingabout it too much, you can' t remember what you’ re doing. But if yougo on automatic pilot, you' re fine. Much of our social life is like that."Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferencesCollege students' ratings of strawberry jams and college coursesaligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren'tasked to analyze their rationale. And people madecar-buyingdecisions that were both objectively better and more personallysatisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details,but only if the decision was complex — when they had a lot o1information to process.Intuition ' s special powers are unleashed only in certaincircumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eighttasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules,comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition andcreativity (generating new products or figures of speech).Then theyrated the degree to which they had used intuition ( "gut feelings,""hunches,"“my heart”). Use of their gut hurt their performance onthe first four tasks,as expected, and helped them on the restSometimes the heart is smarter than the head.36. Nalini Ambabys study deals with_A. instructor student interactionB.the power of people's memoryC. the reliability of first impressionsD.People’s ability to influence others37. In Ambaby ' s study,rating accuracydropped whenparticipants_A. gave the rating in limited timeB. focused on specific detailsC. watched shorter video clipsD. discussed with on another38.Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that_A. memory can be selectiveB.reflection can be distractingC. social skills must be cultivatedD. deception is difficult to detect39. When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to_A. follow your feelingsB. list your preferencesc. seek expert adviceD.collect enough data40.(缺)Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. FotQuestions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G tcfit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choiceswhich do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10 points)A. Stay calmB. Stay humbleC. Don’t make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE. Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG. Identify a shared goalHow to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than YouYour boss proposes a new initiative you think won' t work.Youlsenior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has morepower than you do? How do you decide whether it’s worth speakingup? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here' s how tcdisagree with someone more powerful than you.41.You may decide it' s best to hold off on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through, the wholediscussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense oiwhat the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contributeexperience or information to your thinking—all the things that wouldmake the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good ideato delay the conversation if you' re in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel lessthreatened.42.Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerfulperson cares aboutit may be "the credibility of their team orgetting a project done on time. You' re more likely to be heard if youcan connect your disagreement to a higher purpose.When you dospeak up, don' t assume the link will be clear. You’ ll want to state itovertly, contextualizing your statements so that you' re seen not as adisagreeable underling but as a colleague whos trying to advance ashared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess gamethan a boxing match.43.This step may sound overly deferential, but it' s a smart way to givethe powerful person psychological safety and control. You can saysomething like,“I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quartercommitment here.I have reasons to think that won' t work.T d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person achoice,allowing them to verbally opt in.And, assuming they say yes.it willmake, you feel more confidentabout voicing yourdisagreement.44._You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but dcwhatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions,When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety,itundercuts the message. Itsends a mixed message, and yourcounterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help, ascan speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky wetend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking inan even tone helps the other person calm down and does the samefor you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't.45._Emphasize that you're offering your opinion, not gospel truth. Itmay be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it' s still anopinion, my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying something like, " If we set an end-of-quarterdeadline, we'll never make it,:" say,“This is just my opinion, but ldon't see how we will make that deadline." Havingasserted yourposition(as a position，not as a fact) demonstrate equal curiosityabout other views.Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.Part CDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggestsource of connection, laughter and warmth . While that may well betrue, researchers have also recently found that interacting withstrangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belongingthat we didn't expect.In one series of studies,researchers instructed Chicago- areacommuters using public transportation to strike up a conversationwith someone near them. On average,participants who followed thisinstruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit insilence.The researchers also argued that when we shy away fromcasual interactions with strangers,It is often due to a misplacedanxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time,however, this belief is false . As it tums outmany people are actuallyperfectly wiling to talk- and may even beflattered to receive yourattention .Section m WritinPart A51.Directions:Suppose you are organising an online meeting. Write an email to Jackan international student.(1)invite him to participate,and(2) tell him the detailsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use " LiMing"instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay based on chart below. In your writing,you should(1) interpret the chart,and (2)give your commentsYou should write about 150words on theANSWERSHEET.(15points)60.0%,50.0% ,4.0%s30.0N)23.9%20.ogsy,10.0gy .px.hep.0.0%。
2020年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试(二)真题及答案解析
2020年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试（二）真题及答案解析Section BDirections:Im this section,you are required1o read one quoted blog and the commentson it.The biog and comments arc followed by questions or unfinished statements,eachwith four suggested answers A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark youranswer onthe Answer Sheet.Face masks are one of the best defenses against the spread of COVID-19,but theirgrowing adoption is having a second,unintended effect: breaking facial recognitionalgorithms(算法).Wearing face masks that adequately cover the mouth and nose causes the errorrate of some of the most widely used facial recognition algorithms to rise to between5percent and50percent,a study by the US National Institute of Standards andTechnology(NIST)has found.Black masks were more likely to cause errors than bluemasks,and the more of the nose covered by the mask,the harder the algorithms foundit to identify the face.“We need to understand how face recognition technology deals with maskedfaces,"said the author of the report and NIST computer scientist. "We have begun byfocusing on how an algorithm developed before the pandemic(大流行病)might beaffected by subjects wearing face masks. Later this summer,we plan to test theaccuracy of algorithms that were intentionally developed with masked faces in mind."Facial recognition algorithms such as those tested by NIST work by measuring the distances between features in a target's face.Masks reduce the accuracy of these algorithms by removing most of these features, although some still remain.This is slightly,different from how facial recognition works on iPhones,for example,which use depth sensors for extra security,ensuring that the algorithms can't be fooled by showing the camera a picture(a danger that is not present in the scenarios NIST is concerned with).Comment1Well,that's one good thing to come out of the pandemic.Mass sureillance is nonsense.Time to pair masks up with sunglasses to deliver the decisive stroke.Comment2“Wearing face masks that adequately cover the mouth and nose causes the error rate of some of the most widely used facial recognition algorithms to rise sharply"Rubbishtechnology!I would've never guessed.Comment3There's a reason why some country is already using gait(步态) analysis.Facial recognition is too easy to block or to fool.Comment4Pretty soon they are going to do...analysis.With the development of AI,there will be away out.Comment5The AI's getting better,though,so soon it won't matter.Just like how you can pick outa relative or close friend even in bad CCTV footage, so too can AI.Your height,walking gait,mannerisms,voice,ears,clothing, etc,all add up to YOU.41.What is the passage mainly about?A.The best way to defend against COVID-19.B.Efforts to improve facial recognition technology.C.Methods to fool the facial recognition system.D.The impact of masks on facial recognition accuracy.42.The NIST study found that compared with blue masks,black masksA.were more widely used by the publicB.caused more errors in facial recognitionC.provided better protection against the virusD.required less complex algorithmsment1seems to beA.in favor of the rules for wearing face masksB.in favor of the facial recognition technologyC.against the wide use of facial recognitionD.against the requirements for wearing face masks44.Which comment views the current facial recognition technology with contempt?ment2.ment3.ment4.ment5.45.Which of the following is positive about the future technological advance?ment2and Comment3.ment I and Comment4.ment3and Comment5.ment4and Comment5.Part IV Cloze(10points)Directions:In this part,there is a passage with ten blanks.For each blank there arefour choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the best answer for each blank and markyour answer onthe Answer Sheet.The English countryside has a classic image.People imagine that life in the country is slow and calm;that there are no traffic jams,no pollution,and no crime.In some places,this is true;but in 46it is not.Small towns and villages are becoming more and more 47;people have more space and most houses have gardens.But problems are48.Lots of people want to live in the country and work in the city; so more and more people travel49distances each day,to go to work.Of course they don't use buses or trains;they use cars.Little villages now have traffic problems in the morning,just50big cities!The problems are very complicated!If everyone moves into the country,the peace of the countryside will51!People leave cities and big towns,to escape from urban problems; but more and more,they are52their problems with them.On warm summer days,and cold winter days,air pollution can be a big problem in large53of the south of England,not just in London.Perhaps there is 54for the future.Soon Britain's population will stop rising.From about the year2030,it will perhaps start to fall.In100year's time, there will be less people in Britain than today-perhaps two million less. No doubt there will be55pollution too;oil and petrol will probably be rare by then.46.A.OtherB.the othersC.othersD.another47.A.FamousB.beautifulC.secureD.popular48.A.decliningB.growingC.solvedD.involved49.A.FarB.shortC.remoteD.long50.A.LikeB.asC.forD.to51.A.AriseB.emergeC.continueD.disappear52.A.developing B.bringingC.causingD.creating53.A.PartsB.placesC.ctiesD.blocks54.A.FearB.planC.hopeD.vision55.A.MoreB.lessC.muchD.fewPart V Text Completion(20points)Directions:In this part,there are three incomplete texts with20 questions(Rangingfrom56t075).Above each text there arre three or four phrases to be completed.First,use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases.Second,use the completedphrases10fill in the blanks of the texr.Note you should blacken the lelters that indicate.your answers onthe Answer Sheet.Text OneA.ConnectedB.HealthyC.immuneA.eating56meals at regular timesB.can also impair our57system fiunctionC.are58to the body clockA lack of quality sleep not only affects how we feel during the daytime, but59,which is vital in protecting us from common viral illnesses. Efforts needed to sleep well that include following a sleeproutine,.60and not drinking too much coffee.All of these things are really interconnected in terms of their function.All of them61The bodyis like an orchestra where there's an orchestra leader that's sort of the main timer,but everybody clse is playing it together and they're optimizing what they are doing.Text TwoA.ShareB.DemandsC.forceA.true happiness62that we have it in our livesB.they freely.63their ups and downsC.as it is a driving.64in our natureOne of the basic needs we have as humans is to connect with others. We have done thissince the beginning of time65.Close intimate friendships fill that need.There issimply no replacement for this in our lives.You can't buy it,borrow it or steal it,but66.Experts found that people who can name several close,supportive friends-friendswithwhom67—live with greater health and happiness.Text ThreeA.FutureB.ShapeC.FormD.safetyA.will adjust themselves for your68and comfortB.wil69the way we live in astonishing waysC.mimicked human70and thinkingD.gains a truer glimpse of our robotic71Tiny technologies are a key to the future of robots.The old science-fiction notion of arobot pictured a large machine that72.But a visitor to the Arificial IntelligenceLaboratory at Cambridge73。
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按设计支立格栅钢架、铺设钢筋网片、焊接纵向连接钢筋、打设锁脚锚管、喷射砼，完成交叉口正洞段上台阶初支，钢架落在横梁上并与横梁焊接成为整体，初支格栅钢架间距为1m，正洞初支钢架与交叉口加强环门架横梁连接见图4、图5。
图4、横梁与斜井拱架连接示意图
交叉口正洞DK385+830～DK385+870段长40m设计围岩为IVa级，初期支护及衬砌均采用正洞IV级围岩IVa复合式衬砌进行支护。
经计算：斜井拱顶与正洞拱顶高差为2.22m见图3。
三、斜井
1、施工方案及方法
斜井进正洞挑顶采用“横向棚架法”施工。斜井施工至2斜0+16.51处，按设计偏离法线架立14榀格栅钢架(h=130mm)至洞口，并及时浇筑斜井铺底；斜井施工至2斜0+08.63开始爬坡挑顶至正洞拱顶高程，并继续向前开挖至正洞右侧开挖轮廓线处，爬坡挑顶至正洞边开始施作套拱，套拱根据开挖进尺分节施作，节长同循环进尺（0.5---1.0m），预留沉降量在设计值8cm基础上增加12cm，即按20cm预留。在挑顶到正洞边缘严格按设计施作交叉口加强环门架。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้阳山隧道2号斜井进正洞挑顶施工方案
一、编制依据
（1）《阳山隧道施工图》及参考图；
（2）《铁路隧道工程施工技术指南》（TZ204-2008)；
（3）《铁路隧道工程施工质量验收标准》(TB10417-2003)；
（4）《铁路隧道工程施工安全技术规程》(TB10304-2009)；
（5）《铁路工程施工组织设计指南》(铁建设 [2009]266号)；
图1、横向棚架法斜井进正洞挑顶平面图
2号斜井位于黄土峁梁区，地形起伏较大，斜井最大埋深199米；斜井洞身地层主要为黏质新黄土、黏质老黄土和砂岩、砾岩、含砾砂岩、泥岩，砂岩、泥岩，岩层产状为：300°∠5º，斜井洞身处地下水主要为第四系孔隙水和基岩裂隙水，主要受大气降水补给，水量小，基岩风化带和土石界面处水量相对较大，渗透系数K=0.2m/d，正常涌水量239m³/d。
二、工程概况
阳山隧道位于陕北黄土高原梁峁区，进口为郑庄镇李家台村，沿线经过黑家河，出口设在麻洞川高村。隧道进口里程DK379+591.70，出口里程为DK391+260，隧道全长11668.3m，为单洞双线隧道，最大埋深277.07m，隧道设置斜井3座。
2号斜井采用无轨运输方式，为双车道斜井。斜井与线路交会里程为DK385+850；斜井长L=845m(平距)，斜井与线路平面交角为58°。横向棚架法斜井进正洞挑顶平面图见图1。斜井内坡段最大坡度为9%，综合坡度8.02%。斜井与正洞交接段2斜0+30～+00段按照IV级双车道模筑衬砌设计进行支护，采用双车道辅助坑道净空尺寸7.5m×6.2m，坡率为3%，设置单侧排水沟,该斜井为临时工程，在隧道竣工后封闭。交叉口处正洞与斜井断面图见图2。
3）横向棚架施工
棚架由拱形格栅钢架（套拱）、拱顶水平格栅梁架、拱形内竖向支撑、锁脚锚管及连接件组成，交叉口加强环门架及模筑混凝土施工完成后，以台阶法进正洞，上台阶高3.57m，上台阶坡度，边缘至正洞中线范围为42%，中线至另一侧边缘为平坡(见图5)。
根据围岩情况，斜井口向正洞开挖循环进尺按0.5---1.0m控制，开挖后立即初喷4cm砼，支立拱形格栅钢架（套拱）长0.5---1.0m，拱形格栅钢架（套拱）落在门架横梁上并与横梁焊接成为整体，其下方安装竖向支撑I20工字钢。在拱形格栅钢架（套拱）背面安装水平格栅梁架，与套拱钢架焊接牢固，打设锁脚锚管，喷射砼完成一个循环，进入下一循环，以相同方法施作至正洞另一侧，形成棚架，套拱格栅钢架采用h=180mm，格栅梁架采用h=180mm，竖向支撑采用I20工字钢。正洞套拱钢架与横梁连接见图5。
根据围岩情况循环进尺控制在0.5--1.0m，开挖后及时初喷、支立套拱拱架、安装棚架水平梁架及竖向支撑至正洞右侧开挖轮廓线处，向出口方向按设计工法开挖支护15m后，喷射混凝土封闭掌子面，暂停该方向施工，掉头施工进口方向15m,分别施工正洞两方向中、下台阶，待施工空间满足后，两方向再同时施工40m,施作仰拱衬砌、拱墙衬砌。
2斜井拱墙喷射C25混凝土厚20cm，拱墙挂φ8钢筋网，间距20cm×20cm，搭接1-2个网格，逐点焊接。
3在斜井接近正洞洞口12.61m范围，里程2斜0+16.51--0+03.9初支完成后，及时施作模筑衬砌，采用钢拱架与组合模板施工二衬混凝土。
2）交叉口加强环门架施工
斜井与正洞交叉口加强环门架采用6根I25a型钢支撑柱、3榀I25a型钢支撑横梁焊接形成刚性整体，再施作3榀I25a型钢钢拱架和I25a型钢短支撑柱，短支撑柱上端与横梁焊接，下端与钢拱架焊接，使门架与钢拱架形成受力整体；锁定斜井与正洞交叉口围岩，并做为正洞套拱、初支钢架落脚支撑点，加强环施工完成后，及时施作该处模筑衬砌，并注意该处衬砌背后采用同级混凝土回填密实。
（6）《铁路隧道防排水施工技术指南》TZ331-2009；
（7）《铁路隧道超前地质预报技术指南》(铁建设[2008]105号)；
（8）《铁路混凝土工程施工技术指南》(铁建设[2010]241号)；
（9）《铁路混凝土工程施工质量验收标准》(TB10424-2010)；
（10）《阳山隧道实施性施工组织设计》；
图2、正洞及斜井设计断面图
2号斜井设计围岩级别及衬砌类型自与正洞相交处分别为：0+00---0+30设计围岩级别III级，衬砌类型IV模筑衬砌，0+30---1+00设计围岩级别III级，衬砌类型III级喷锚衬砌，1+00---2+33设计围岩级别Ⅳ级，衬砌类型IV级喷锚衬砌，2+33---3+14设计围岩级别V级，衬砌类型Ⅴ级模筑衬砌,3+14---6+42设计围岩级别Ⅳ级，衬砌类型IV级喷锚衬砌，6+42---7+21设计围岩级别V级，衬砌类型Ⅴ级模筑衬砌,7+21---8+36设计围岩级别V级，衬砌类型黄土Ⅴ级模筑衬砌。
图3、斜井与正洞拱顶高程对比图
1）交叉口斜井段施工
斜井施工至2斜0+16.51处，按设计采用格栅钢架(h=130mm)、钢筋网片、喷射混凝土的加强型支护，具体支护参数为：
1在斜井接近正洞洞口12.61m范围，里程2斜0+16.51--0+03.9采用格栅钢架(h=130mm)，拱架间距1m，拱架间采用φ22纵向连接筋焊接在一起，连接筋环向间距1m，φ42锁脚锚管加固拱脚、墙脚。