翻译理论—笔译

• 英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论和技巧， 翻译英、美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、 文化等方面的论述文以及文学原著的节录。速度 为每小时约250-300词。译文要求忠实原意，语 言流畅。
题型
• Section A: A项由一段300词左右的汉语短文所组成，其 中有一段150词左右的段落被底线划出。 要求 根据上下文将此段译成英语。(10分）（半小 时）
know each other.
原文：如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先 毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方
名片
name card/ calling card/ visiting card/ business card
毕恭毕敬地 very respectfully/politely
原文：…喊道：“这里有江心贼，不可久留！” 参考译文：
…shouting, “There are river-center thieves here. We should not tarry (linger)!”
原文： 他的同伴说：“不要慌，这是‘赋’,不是 ‘贼’。” 。” 不要慌 Don’t panic/ don’t be frightened
• 4-3（Inadequate Translation）
The translation only reflects about half of the original passage with frequent errors of vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is, in some parts, unreadable.
翻译讲评
标题 “ 赋”与 “贼”的翻译
可采用音译(Fu and Zei)+注释或意译(Ode and Thief)+注释。注释如下：
The Chinese characters”赋” (fu, ode) and “贼” (zei, thief) are quite similar to each other in form. So, the poorly educated man in the story mistook the former for the latter.
• Shaking his head, the man said, “It looks like ‘thief’ to me.”
• Note: • [1]The Chinese characters”赋” and
“贼”are quite similar to each other in form. So the poorly educated man in the story mistakes the former as the latter.
Lecture 6
A Brief Introduction to Translation Theories (Principles)
Abroad and at“贼”
• 过去有个人，识字不多，坐船外出做生意。 一天船停在“江心寺”，他就和同伴一起 下船到寺中闲逛。
• 寺院墙壁上写着“江心赋”三个字。他一 见，慌忙扭头就跑，喊道：“这里有江心 贼，不可久留！”他的同伴说：“不要慌， 这是‘赋’,不是‘贼’。”他摇头回答： “我看有些像‘贼’的样子。”
翻译讲评
原文：在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广 交朋友的好机会。
酒会 cocktail party; wine party
冷餐会 buffet party / reception/ dinner
是…？
这是大势所趋，人心所向。
This represents the general trend of development and the common aspiration of the people.
我看有些像‘贼’的样子。 参考译文： I think it looks like ‘thief’. It is like ‘thief’ to me.
参考译文：
Ode and Thief • In olden days a man who could not read
many Chinese characters took a boat to go out on business. One day the boat stopped at the River Center Temple. He and his companion got off and went to look around in the temple.
原文：过去有个人，识字不多，坐船外出 做生意。
过去 in olden days/ times
识字不多
can not read many characters /words know only a few words Be quite illiterate
参考译文：
In olden days a man who could not read many Chinese characters took a boat to go out on business.
参考译文：In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends.
原文：在这种场合陌生人相识.
参考译文： On such occasions, strangers may get to
影响翻译得分的因素
• A. 英、汉语基础不扎实造成理解错误。 • B.缺乏相应的背景知识。 • C.翻译表达速度过慢。（翻译速度慢） • D.句法、措辞、拼写、标点等细节的错误。
翻译实践
原文：
在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋 友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚 洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把 自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼 节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片， 双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就 各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往 时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒 显得有些勉强。
• On the temple wall were written three characters“ River Center Ode”. As soon as he saw these, he turned round hurriedly and began to run, shouting, “There are river-center thieves here. We should not tarry!” “Don’t be frightened”, his companion said, “This character is ‘ode’, not ‘thief’.”[1]
• 6-5（Passable Translation）
The translation adequately reflects most of the original passage with occasional errors of vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is, for the most part, readable.
“ River Center Ode”.
原文：他一见，慌忙扭头就跑，…
慌忙扭头 turned (round) around hurriedly (hastily/ in a haste/ in a rush)
参考译文： As soon as he saw these（characters/
words）, he turned around hurriedly and began to run,…
“江心寺 ” 译文一： Jiangxin Temple 译文 二： River-center Temple
(船)停
(the boat) stop /be anchored at /be laid at
原文:他就和同伴一起下船到寺中闲逛。
参考译文： He and his companion got off and went to
• Section B: B项由一段300词左右的英语短文所组成，其中 有一段150词左右的段落被底线划出。要求根 据上下文将此段译成汉语。(10分）（半小时）
评分标准
• 10-9（Excellent Translation） The translation faithfully reflects all the original passage with only 1 or 2 minor errors in vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is elegant (appropriate choice of words, a variety in sentence patterns).
look around （wander/ stroll / saunter） in the temple.
“江心赋 ” 译文一： Jiangxin Ode 译文二： River Center Ode
原文：寺院墙壁上写着“江心赋”三个字。
参考译文： On the temple wall were written three characters
Assignments
Please do the E-C exercise of 1996 EMT 8 in your translation practice material.
Please do the E-C exercise of 1997 EMT 8 in your translation practice material.