BUCK无隔离电路设计分析

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BUCK-BOOST电路原理分析

BUCK-BOOST电路原理分析

BUCK/BOOST 电路原理分析
Buck 变换器:也称降压式变换器,是一种输出电压小于输入电压的单管不隔离直流变换器。

图中,Q 为开关管,其驱动电压一般为PWM(Pulse width modulaTIon 脉宽调制)信号,信号周期为Ts,则信号频率为f=1/Ts,导通时间为Ton,关断时间为Toff,则周期Ts=Ton+Toff,占空比Dy= Ton/Ts。

Boost 变换器:也称升压式变换器,是一种输出电压高于输入电压的单管不隔离直流变换器。

开关管Q 也为PWM 控制方式,但最大占空比Dy 必须限制,不允许
在Dy=1 的状态下工作。

电感Lf 在输入侧,称为升压电感。

Boost 变换器也
有CCM 和DCM 两种工作方式
Buck/Boost 变换器:也称升降压式变换器,是一种输出电压既可低于
也可高于输入电压的单管不隔离直流变换器,但其输出电压的极性与输入电。

400v非隔离buck电路

400v非隔离buck电路

400V非隔离Buck电路1. 引言Buck电路是一种常见的降压转换器,用于将高电压转换为较低的电压。

在本文中,我们将讨论一种名为400V非隔离Buck电路的设计和工作原理。

我们将详细解释该电路的构成、工作原理、性能特点以及应用范围。

2. 构成和工作原理400V非隔离Buck电路由以下几个主要组件构成:•输入电源:提供高电压输入(例如400V)。

•开关管:控制能量流动的开关元件。

•输出滤波电感:用于平滑输出电压。

•输出负载:连接到输出端的负载。

该电路通过周期性地打开和关闭开关管来调节能量流动。

在每个周期的开启阶段,开关管导通,输入电源通过开关管向输出滤波电感充放能量。

在每个周期的关闭阶段,开关管断开,输出滤波电感中储存的能量被释放到输出负载中。

基于这种工作原理,400V非隔离Buck电路可以实现对输入高压进行降压处理,并提供稳定的低压输出。

3. 性能特点400V非隔离Buck电路具有以下几个性能特点:•高效率:该电路通过周期性地开启和关闭开关管,可以实现高效的能量转换,减少能量损耗。

•稳定输出:通过控制开关管的工作频率和占空比,可以实现稳定的输出电压。

•快速响应:由于开关管的快速开启和关闭,该电路具有快速响应的特点,适用于对输出动态变化要求较高的应用场景。

•小体积:该电路由简单的元件组成,并且不需要额外的隔离元件,因此可以实现小体积设计。

4. 应用范围400V非隔离Buck电路在许多领域都有广泛应用,包括但不限于以下几个方面:•电力系统:用于降压处理高压输入,并提供给低压负载。

•汽车电子:用于汽车电子系统中对高压输入进行降压处理,并为各种汽车设备提供稳定低压供电。

•工业自动化:用于工业自动化设备中对高压输入进行降压处理,并为各种传感器、驱动器等设备提供稳定低压供电。

•通信设备:用于通信设备中对高压输入进行降压处理,并为各种通信模块、路由器等设备提供稳定低压供电。

5. 总结本文介绍了400V非隔离Buck电路的构成、工作原理、性能特点以及应用范围。

非隔离型三电平Buck-Boost双向变换器研究

非隔离型三电平Buck-Boost双向变换器研究

非隔离型三电平Buck-Boost双向变换器研究非隔离型三电平Buck/Boost双向变换器研究摘要随着新能源的快速发展,双向变换器在能量转换中扮演着至关重要的角色。

本文研究了一种非隔离型三电平Buck/Boost双向变换器,旨在提高其转换效率,并在实际应用中取得更佳的性能。

首先,对该变换器进行了详细的分析和建模,证明了其具有较高的转换效率和压降能力。

接着,通过调节开关频率和占空比等参数,充分优化了该变换器的工作性能。

最后,在实验室中进行了电路实现和实际测试,并与传统变换器进行了比较。

结果表明,该非隔离型三电平Buck/Boost双向变换器具有更高的转换效率和更好的电压稳定性,在实际应用中具有较大的潜力和发展前景。

关键词:双向变换器;能量转换;非隔离型;三电平Buck/Boost;转换效率;电压稳定性AbstractWith the rapid development of new energy,bidirectional converters play a crucial role in energy conversion. This paper studies a non-isolated three-level Buck/Boost bidirectional converter with the aim of improving its conversion efficiency and achieving better performance in practical applications. Firstly, the converter is analyzed and modeled in detail, which proves that it has high conversion efficiency and voltage drop capability. Then, by adjusting the switching frequency and duty cycle, etc., the working performance of the converter is fully optimized. Finally, circuit implementation and actual testing are carried out in the laboratory, and the results are compared with traditional converters. The results show that the non-isolated three-level Buck/Boost bidirectional converter has higher conversion efficiency and better voltage stability, and has great potential and development prospects in practical application.Keywords: bidirectional converter; energy conversion; non-isolated; three-level Buck/Boost; conversion efficiency; voltage stabilityThe development of bidirectional converters has attracted significant attention in recent years due to their importance in energy conversion systems. Thenon-isolated three-level Buck/Boost bidirectional converter is one such converter that has shown great potential in energy conversion applications. Theconverter can be used to convert energy in both directions, making it suitable for energy storage and retrieval applications.The implementation and testing of the converter were carried out in the laboratory, and the results were compared with traditional converters. The testing showed that the non-isolated three-level Buck/Boost bidirectional converter has higher conversion efficiency and better voltage stability compared to the traditional converters. These results demonstrate that the non-isolated three-level Buck/Boost bidirectional converter has significant potential for practical applications in energy conversion systems.Overall, the non-isolated three-level Buck/Boost bidirectional converter has emerged as a promising solution for energy conversion applications. Its high conversion efficiency and voltage stability make it an attractive alternative to traditional converters. With further development and refinement, this converter has the potential to play a significant role in shaping the future of energy conversion systemsThe non-isolated three-level Buck/Boost bidirectional converter also offers potential for practical applications in renewable energy systems, particularlyin wind and solar power. With the increasing demandfor renewable energy, the need for efficient and effective energy conversion systems is more pressing than ever before. The three-level converter offers significant advantages in this regard, allowing for a higher conversion efficiency in renewable energy systems.In addition, the converter can also be utilized in electric vehicle (EV) charging systems, offering high-power density and improved efficiency compared to traditional converters. As EVs become more prevalent and the need for efficient charging systems grows, the non-isolated three-level Buck/Boost bidirectional converter can play a crucial role in addressing this challenge.Moreover, the converter has the potential to be usedin energy storage systems, which are becoming increasingly important in an era of intermittent renewable energy sources. The converter caneffectively manage the flow of energy to and from energy storage systems, improving their efficiency and reliability.Despite its many advantages, the non-isolated three-level Buck/Boost bidirectional converter is notwithout its challenges. One of the main challenges is the complexity of the control system, which requires advanced algorithms and sensors to ensure proper operation. Additionally, the converter may require more space and components compared to traditional converters, which could potentially increase costs.In conclusion, the non-isolated three-level Buck/Boost bidirectional converter has emerged as a promising solution for energy conversion systems. Its high conversion efficiency, voltage stability, andpotential for practical applications in renewable energy, EV charging, and energy storage systems make it a promising alternative to traditional converters. While challenges remain, continued research and development of this converter could lead tosignificant improvements in energy conversion systems and the wider adoption of renewable energy sourcesIn addition to its potential applications in renewable energy, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems, the bidirectional DC-DC converter also has potential for use in data centers and telecommunications networks, where it can help improve overall energy efficiency through better management of power supply and demand.One of the key challenges facing the wider adoption of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is cost. While its high conversion efficiency and voltage stability make it an attractive option for energy conversion systems, the cost of manufacturing and installing the converter remains relatively high compared to traditional converters. Continued research and development could help bring down costs and make the technology more accessible to a wider range of industries.Another challenge is the size and weight of the converter. While the bidirectional DC-DC converter is smaller and lighter than traditional converters, itcan still be bulky and heavy in some applications. Efforts to improve the design of the converter and reduce its overall size and weight could help overcome this challenge.Overall, the bidirectional DC-DC converter represents a significant step forward in the development ofenergy conversion systems with potential applications in renewable energy, electric vehicles, energy storage systems, data centers, and telecommunications networks. Continued research and development of this technology is needed to overcome the remaining challenges and unlock its full potential for a variety of industriesOverall, the bidirectional DC-DC converter is a promising technology that has the potential to revolutionize the energy conversion systems for various industries, including renewable energy, electric vehicles, energy storage systems, data centers, and telecommunications networks. Although there are still challenges to be overcome, such as efficiency and size limitations, continued research and development will likely address these issues and further improve the performance and reliability of the bidirectional DC-DC converter。

Buck电路的原理分析和参数设计

Buck电路的原理分析和参数设计

Buck电路的原理分析和参数设计连续工作状态一Buck工作原理将快速通断的晶体管置于输入与输出之间,通过调节通断比例(占空比)来控制输出直流电压的平均值。

该平均电压由可调宽度的方波脉冲构成,方波脉冲的平均值就是直流输出电压。

Q导通:输入端电源通过开关管Q及电感器L对负载供电,并同时对电感器L充电。

电感相当于一个恒流源,起传递能量作用电容相当于恒压源,在电路里起到滤波的作用Q闭合:电感器L中储存的能量通过续流二极管D形成的回路,对负载R继续供电,从而保证了负载端获得连续的电流。

导通时Q的电流闭合时C的电流L的电流和输出电流的关系。

输出电压与输入电压的关系(不考虑损耗)二 buck 的应用Buck 为降压开关电路,具有效率高,体积小,功率密度高的特点1.Buck 的效率Buck 的损耗:1.交流开关损耗 2.管子导通损耗3.电感电容等效电阻损耗Buck 的效率很高,一般可以达到60%以上,2.Buck 的开关频率频率越高,功率密度越大,但也同时带来了开关损耗。

在25~50KHZ 范围内buck 的体积可随频率的增大而减小。

三.参数的设计1.电感的参数电感的选择要满足直到输出最小规定电流时,电感电流也保持连续。

在临界不连续工作状态时 2120I I I -=ON OI T I V V L 20-=' ON I T LV V I I 012-=- 所以L L '≥ L 越大,进入不连续状态时的电流就越小2.电容的参数电容的选择必须满足输出纹波的要求。

电容纹波的产生:1. 电容产生的纹波: 相对很小,可以忽略不计2. 电容等效电感产生的纹波:在300KHZ~500KHZ 以下可以忽略不计3. 电容等效电阻产生的纹波:与esr 和流过电容电流成正比。

为了减小纹波,就要让esr 尽量的小。

不连续工作状态(1)开关管Q 导通,电感电流由零增加到最大(2)开关管Q 关断,二极管D 续流,电感电流从最大降到零; (3)开关管Q 和二极管D 都关断(截止),在此期间电感电流保持为零,负载由输出滤波电容来供电。

Buck电路的闭环设计及仿真分析

Buck电路的闭环设计及仿真分析

Buck电路的闭环设计及仿真分析一、本文概述随着电力电子技术的飞速发展,电源转换技术已成为现代电子设备不可或缺的一部分。

其中,Buck电路作为一种基本的直流-直流(DC-DC)转换器,因其结构简单、效率高、调节范围宽等优点,在电子设备中得到了广泛应用。

然而,为了确保Buck电路在各种环境和负载条件下的稳定性和高效性,闭环设计显得尤为重要。

本文旨在探讨Buck电路的闭环设计方法,并通过仿真分析验证设计的有效性。

文章首先简要介绍了Buck电路的基本原理和应用背景,然后重点阐述了闭环设计的重要性及常用方法。

在闭环设计部分,文章详细分析了反馈网络的选取、控制策略的制定以及功率级和控制级的协同工作等问题。

同时,结合具体的设计实例,阐述了闭环设计在实际应用中的具体实现过程。

为了验证设计的有效性,文章采用了仿真分析的方法。

通过搭建基于MATLAB/Simulink的仿真模型,对设计的Buck闭环电路进行了全面的仿真分析。

仿真结果证明了闭环设计的有效性,同时也为实际电路的制作和调试提供了重要参考。

文章对闭环设计的Buck电路进行了总结,并指出了未来研究方向和潜在的应用前景。

通过本文的研究,旨在为从事电源转换技术研究和应用的工程师和学者提供有益的参考和启示。

二、Buck电路的基本原理Buck电路,也称为降压转换器,是一种基本的直流-直流(DC-DC)转换电路,其主要功能是将较高的直流电压降低到所需的较低直流电压。

其名称来源于电路中开关元件(如MOSFET或晶体管)的操作,类似于"bucking"(减少或抑制)输入电压。

Buck电路的基本构成包括一个开关(通常是MOSFET),一个电感(或称为线圈),一个二极管(也称为整流器或续流二极管),以及一个输出电容器。

在开关打开时,电流通过电感从输入源流向输出,此时电感储存能量。

当开关关闭时,电感释放其储存的能量,通过二极管向输出电容器和负载供电。

Buck电路的工作原理基于电感的电压-电流关系。

BUCK电路方案设计

BUCK电路方案设计

BUCK电路方案设计在电子领域中,BUCK电路是一种非常常见且重要的电路方案。

BUCK电路是一种降压型DC-DC转换器,也被称为降压开关电源。

它通过将输入电压降低到一个较低的输出电压来实现电源调节功能。

BUCK电路的工作原理是,当开关管导通时,输入电压源通过电感和开关管输出到输出电容上,输出电压上升。

当开关管截止时,电感中的能量继续通过电容供应负载,输出电压下降。

通过这种方式,BUCK电路能够稳定地将输入电压变为较低的输出电压。

1.确定输入和输出电压要求:根据具体应用需求确定输入和输出电压范围。

在此基础上,选择合适的开关管和电感。

2.计算工作频率:选择合适的工作频率,一般常见的有几十kHz到几MHz的范围。

工作频率的选择要平衡转换效率和滤波器尺寸。

3.计算电感和电容值:根据输入和输出电压范围,使用以下公式计算电感和电容值:电感值(L)=(输出电压/工作频率)*(输入电压-输出电压)/输出电流电容值(C)=输出电流/(工作频率*最大纹波电压)4.根据负载要求计算开关管的最大电流和功耗:通过确定负载电流以及开关管的最大导通时间和导通电阻,计算开关管的最大电流和功耗。

5.添加反馈控制:为了实现稳定的输出电压,需要使用反馈控制回路。

一般采用PID控制,通过调节开关管的导通时间来实现输出电压的调节。

6.性能评估和优化:通过仿真和实验评估BUCK电路的性能,包括效率、稳定性和纹波等。

根据评估结果进行优化,例如选择更合适的元件、调整控制参数等。

总之,BUCK电路是一种常用且重要的电路方案,适用于很多应用场景。

通过合理的设计和优化,可以实现稳定、高效的输出电压。

在实际应用中,还需考虑元件的选取、温度变化等因素,并根据具体需求进行优化调整,以实现最佳的电路性能。

入门级Buck电路原理—简洁而不简单

入门级Buck电路原理—简洁而不简单

Buck、Boost、Buck-Boost作为直流开关电源中应用广泛的拓扑结构,属于非隔离的直流变换器。

本期内容小编将对其中的Buck电路展开详细介绍。

*Buck基础拓扑电路降压式(Buck)变换器是一种输出电压≤输入电压的非隔离直流变换器。

Buck变换器的主电路由开关管Q,二极管D,输出滤波电感L和输出滤波电容C构成。

接下来将从:1. 开关整流器基本原理2. 传说中的“伏-秒平衡” 3. 同步整流死区时间等三部分详细介绍Buck电路的工作原理。

让我们打起精神,擦亮眼睛,深刻体会简洁而不简单的Buck电路吧!Part 1 开关整流器基本原理导通时间关断时间在[0,Ton]期间,开关导通;在[Ton,Ts]期间,Q截止。

设开关管开关周期为Ts,则开关频率fs=1/Ts。

导通时间为Ton,关断时间为Toff,则Ts=Ton+Toff。

设占空比为D,则D=Ton/Ts。

改变占空比D,即改变了导通时间Ton的长短,这种控制方式成为脉冲宽度调制控制方式(Pulse Width Modulation, PWM)。

Buck电路特征•输出电压≤输入电压•输入电流断续•输出电流连续•需要输出滤波电感L和输出滤波电容CPart 2 传说中的“伏-秒平衡”伏秒原则,又称伏秒平衡,是指开关电源稳定工作状态下,加在电感两端的电压乘以导通时间等于关断时刻电感两端电压乘以关断时间,或指在稳态工作的开关电源中电感两端的正伏秒值等于负伏秒值。

在一个周期T 内,电感电压对时间的积分为0,称为伏秒平衡原理。

正如本文开头视频中指出,任何稳定拓扑中的电感都是传递能量而不消耗能量,都会满足伏秒平衡原理。

Part 3 同步整流死区时间同步整流是采用极低导通电阻的的MOSFET来取代二极管以降低损耗的技术,大大提高了DCDC的效率。

物理特性的极限使二极管的正向电压难以低于0.3V。

对MOSFET来说,可以通过选取导通电阻更小的MOSFET来降低导通损耗。

开关电源拓扑之BUCK电路详解

开关电源拓扑之BUCK电路详解

Buck电路原理
上式中,对于Lc和D1 为固定值时,降压变换器的电流连续与否是由R = Vo/Io 值确定的。当R的欧姆值增大时,工作状态将从连续转化为不连续。另一方面 ,如果R和DTs 是固定的,则电感器的L<Lc 时,其工作状态由连续转化为不连 续。当Fs增大时,则保持开关变换器的连续状态工作的Lc降低。 从上图14、图15中可看到输入电流is是脉动的,与降压变换器的连续与否工作 状态无关。这个脉动电流,在实际应用中应受到限制,以免影响其他电器正常 工作。通常,电源Vs 和变换器的输入端之间会加上一些输入滤波器,这种滤 波器必须在开关变换器设计的早期阶段和建立模型过程就要预先进行考虑。否 则,在开关变换器与输入滤波器连接时,可能会引起意外的自激振荡。
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图8:单端反激变换器
开关电源拓扑概述
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图9:推挽变换器
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图11:全桥变换器
之 开关电源拓扑介绍
Buck电路原理
Buck电路原理 Buck变换器又称降压变换器、串联开关稳压电源、三端开关型降压稳 压器。
源的主要组成部分是开关型DC_DC变换器,它是整个变换的核心。
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– limits the load current
• Thermal shutdown
– turns the device off if the temperature exceeds a specified threshold
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– Losses and efficiency will be discussed
• Converters generate switching noise • Discrete filter components (L, C) are required • Higher switching frequency => smaller L, C
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Efficiency
Ig Io
Power supply
Vg + –
+ Vo _
µP/DSP core
output DC power Po Vo I o η= = = input DC power Pg Vg I g
0 1 D
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switch duty cycle
Switch-Mode Power Supplies
• Step-up, step-down and inverting configurations available • Switching converters are ideally 100% efficient • Real efficiency can be close to 100%; depends on operating conditions and implementation
Magnetic Buck Converters for Portable Applications
Frank De Stasi Mathew Jacob
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Outline
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Why use Switching Regulators? Common Device/Converter Specifications Buck Converter Analysis CCM/DCM modes Selection of L and C Synchronous Buck Converters Conduction and Switching Losses Efficiency improvement using PWM/PFM/LDO modes Control Approaches Current Mode Models and Compensation Guidelines Transient Measurement Techniques Layout Guidelines
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Device/Converter Specifications
• Overvoltage protection
– prevents the output voltage from rising above a specified limit
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Impact of efficiency: a system example
uP/DSP core mode % of time in this mode Load current Io [mA] Linear regulator Efficiency [%] Battery current Ig [mA] Average Ig in this mode [mA] 4.45 Efficiency [%] Battery current Ig [mA] Average Ig in this mode [mA] 2.12 29.1 0.14 0.13 78.4 0.53 0.02 93.7 4.45 0.13 93.0 44.82 1.12 87.7 142.60 0.71 Stand-by 90.0 0.1 34.7 0.12 0.11 Wait 4.0 1.0 40.9 1.02 0.04 Run1 3.0 10.0 41.6 10.02 0.30 Run2 2.5 100.0 41.7 100.02 2.50 FullRun 0.5 300.0 41.7 300.02 1.50
• Dynamic voltage regulation
– “Load transient response,” including peak output voltage variation and settling time for a step load transient – “Line transient response,” including output voltage variation and settling time for a step input voltage transient
– Component selection will be discussed
• Duty cycle is the control variable • Closed-loop output voltage control is usually applied
– Dynamic models and control will be discussed
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Device/Converter Specifications
• Static voltage regulation
– DC output voltage precision, i.e., % variation with respect to the nominal value over: • input voltage range (“line regulation”) • output load range (“load regulation”) • temperature
Device/Converter Specifications
• Frequency synchronization
– allows synchronization of the switching frequency to an external system clock
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Linear voltage regulator as power supply
Series pass transistor
Q Iload + Vg + – C Vo – +
Load
-
Vref
Bandgap reference
Advantages of using SMPS over Linear regulators
• SMPS results in significantly lower average battery current • High efficiency over a wide range of loads and output voltages is achieved with a SMPS • SMPS with low quiescent current modes provide longer battery life for mobile systems that spend most of their time in “stand-by”
Linear regulator power model
Ig Rs Io + Vg + – IQ Vo –
Bias current
I g = Io + IQ
Efficiency:
Vo ?< Linear regulator efficiency cannot be greater Vg than the ratio of the output and the input voltage
Total linear reg average Ig [mA] SMPS
Total SMPS average Ig [mA]
Example: • Vg = 3.6 V • Vo = 1.5 V • 0 < Io < 300 mA
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Buck regulators in the system
Power distribution : Vg = 2.8-5.5 V
PS 3.6 V PS 2.5 V PS 1.5 V
Battery
Charger
Buck SMPS regulators
• Simple, low noise, small footprint area • Output voltage lower than the battery voltage • High efficiency only if Vo is close to Vg
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